Special Edition: Range Management
News for forest resource professionals published by the Society of American Foresters April 2018• Vol. 23, No. 4 Range Management: The Intersection of Forests and Rangelands
ention range or rangeland, and some people will think of “Home Mon the Range,” the old western folk song sometimes called the unoffi- cial anthem of the American West. “Oh give me a home where the buffalo roam/ Where the deer and the antelope play/ Where seldom is heard a discouraging word/And the skies are not cloudy all day.” According to the Library of Congress, soon after Franklin D. Roosevelt was first IN THIS ISSUE elected president, he declared “Home on the Range” his favorite song. !"#$%&''()$*+,-.('$#/0-+01$#+2 Although the buffalo don’t roam Congress has agreed on a comprehensive much anymore, deer and the antelope package of legislation designed to fix the wild- certainly play across much of the West. fire funding issue and implement some mean- But deer and antelope don’t define ingful federal forest-management reforms. “rangeland.” Webster’s dictionary gives The agreement, which is part of the omnibus the term a broad meaning: “an open re- @?01',?0-$0'?($A?>B)30C$*934+01D$E&373F$!>377$G?/'(C$H!$:?7/(?,$@')3/(>')$%30)'(I?7+30$!'(I+>'D spending bill covering all federal agencies for gion over which animals (such as live- the rest of fiscal year 2018, passed both the stock) may roam and feed.” The Bureau the title of this introduction to the articles ident Barry Iriving. An article beginning House and Senate and was signed by the pres- ident on March 23. Page 2. of Land Management (BLM), which ad- on range management in this edition of on page 6 describes the Utah Watershed ministers 258 million acres of public The Forestry Source: “The Intersection of Restoration Initiative, which has treated Comparing Two Inventories land, mostly in the 12 Western states, Forests and Rangelands.” nearly 1.5 million acres of rangeland over Comparing two inventories is challenging, manages rangelands for “the use of wild- As you’ll read in the article starting on 12 years. An article on page 10 address- and many factors need to be considered. The life and livestock.” Rangeland includes this page, SAF’s Board of Directors recent- es the question, “Grazing and Timber: Is math can get pretty deep pretty fast. So it’s not prairie, grasslands, and vast areas covered ly approved a memorandum of agreement There a Happy Medium?” See page 12 for surprising that many foresters use shortcuts not only with sagebrush, but also pinyon between SAF and the Society of Range a roundup of range-management research and rules of thumb to evaluate inventory re- and juniper woodlands and forests of all Management (SRM); the article features and webinars. It’s okay to hum “Home on sults. This article looks at a common shortcut kinds, including in the eastern US. Thus, Andrea Watts’ interview with SRM pres- the Range” as you read. a and shows why it can be misleading. Page 14.
*34'0$35$*+,-.(' “Diversity matters,” writes Allie Weill. “It’s an What Is Rangeland? A Q&A with Barry Irving equity concern: Most people want all those who want to and have the potential to be suc- SAF and SRM Sign a Memorandum of Agreement cessful in the field of wildland fire to be able By Andrea Watts to do so. But I’d argue that a diverse workforce is also necessary for forest management in the t the SAF Board meeting held on March 18, the Board of bership is concentrated primarily in the United States, followed 21st century.” Page 16. Directors approved a memorandum of agreement between by Canada and Mexico, more than 24 countries, including Zim- ASAF and the Society of Range Management (SRM). The babwe, Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, and Argentina, are represent- Call for VP, Board Candidates purpose of the agreement is to “facilitate greater communication, ed within its ranks. SAF seeks candidates for vice-president and cross-over, and member benefits between SRM and SAF. The focus is To learn more about range management and how this mem- three positions on the Board of Directors. to establish co-member benefits, allowing expansion of both Societies’ orandum of agreement came about, I chatted with Barry Irving, Page 18. memberships and reach. This commitment includes sharing relevant president of SRM. A member since 1983, he has been involved in scientific content, news, and information between organizations and range management for more than 35 years and is a lecturer and Wildlife/Fisheries Program Accredited among members benefiting the scientific professional community.” The Society of American Foresters has grant- SRM is an international society. Although most of the mem- Q&A !" Page 4 ed accreditation to the wildlife and fisheries management concentration of study within the wildlife and fisheries science major at the College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at the University of Tennessee In- USFS: Tooke Resigns, Agency Shaken by PBS Report stitute of Agriculture. This is the first and only time, nationwide, that a concentration of a n the face of an investigation into sexu- the Forest Service’s State and Private For- workplace that remains hostile to female wildlife and fisheries major has been accred- al misconduct accusations against him, estry section, as interim chief. employees. They complained of a pattern ited by a professional organization. Page 19. ITony Tooke resigned his position as Tooke’s resignation came less than a of gender discrimination, bullying, sexual chief of the US Forest Service on March 7. week after the Public Broadcasting System harassment, and assault by crew members He had served since September 1, 2017, (PBS) published a March 1 report, “They and supervisors. Three women said they DEPARTMENTS when he succeeded Tom Tidwell (see Reported Sexual Harassment. Then the were raped after-hours by coworkers or “Tooke Takes Reins of US Forest Service,” Retaliation Began” (tinyurl.com/yct9x5ez), interagency firefighters while working for 2 Editor’s Notebook The Forestry Source, November 2017). The which did not mention Tooke, but de- the Forest Service. Many women alleged 66$ #3(')7$80-/)7(9$:';) allegations surfaced in January media re- scribed the results of a PBS investigation retaliation after reporting these incidents.” ports that Tooke, who is married, had en- into allegations of gender discrimination In an email to all agency employees 18–19 SAF News gaged in a consensual affair with a subor- and sexual harassment within the Forest sent the day he resigned, Tooke said he 19 In Memoriam dinate female agency employee more than Service by numerous employees: admired the courage of the women who <<$ %307+0/+01$=-/>?7+30$%?,'0-?( a decade ago. “In interviews with 34 current and had come forward. 23 Employment Ads Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue former US Forest Service women, span- 24 Forestry News Briefs named Vicki Christiansen, deputy chief of ning 13 states, the women described a USFS !" Page 2 USFS !" Page 2 had cooperated with the agency’s inves- ter,” said John Barnwell, acting SAF CEO. tigation into the affair, but that “what is “First and foremost, every professional Published monthly by the Society of American For- “Their stories are heartbreaking needed right now is for me to step down deserves a safe and respectful workplace. esters (SAF), The Forestry Source (ISSN 1084-5496) and reveal that we must do much more as Forest Service Chief and make way for a But, if we are going to attract and retain the provides SAF members and other natural resource to achieve a safe, positive, and respect- new leader that can ensure future success best talent, we must also strive to create professionals with news regarding developments within the forestry profession as well as the activities ful work environment for all employees. for all employees and the agency.” environments where all individuals with a and policies of SAF. Please know that Forest Service leadership On March 9, SAF issued a state- passion for forests are welcomed and em- is committed to investing in the changes ment saying that the Society “wishes to powered. Progress has been made, but real The opinions expressed in articles, commentaries, and letters do not necessarily reflect the policies or and resources needed to improve and be- use this opportunity to call on all forest change requires a sustained and coordinat- views of SAF. come much better,” he wrote. “Though professionals to work together to break ed effort from the profession as a whole. we still have much to do, we have taken down institutional barriers and create SAF is committed to working with the US Editor: Steve Wilent, (503) 622-3033, [email protected] steps to improve policies, accountability, safe, respectful, and welcoming work Forest Service and the broader forestry Associate Editor: Andrea Watts, [email protected] reporting systems, and training.” environments.” community to promote professionalism In his email, Tooke also stated that he “As a community, we must all do bet- and break down barriers to success.” a Editorial Offices and Advertising Sales 10100 Laureate Way, Bethesda, MD 20814 Tel (301) 897-8720 • www.safnet.org Correspondence: Address all editorial correspon- EDITOR’S NOTEBOOK dence to the Editor at the above address. Advertising inquiries should be directed to Christopher Whited at (301) 897-8720, ext. 110.
Subscription rates: $61 for individuals in the US and M&'$N+1&')7$!7?0-?(-$35$%30-/>7 Canada $116 in other countries); $116 for institutions in the US ($173 in other countries). Subscriptions By Steve Wilent for members is included in annual dues. See tinyurl he revelations in the March 1 article one involved. (tinyurl.com/y79t23bq), which recounts .com/m6xo2x9 for other rates and information. For in- formation regarding subscriptions, address changes, by the Public Broadcasting System I hope you read the PBS article and an all-employee phone conference led by and purchasing single editions, call 866-897-8720. T(PBS), “They Reported Sexual Ha- subsequent articles, such as “Forest Ser- interim Forest Service Chief Vicki Chris- rassment. Then the Retaliation Began” (ti- vice Must Change How It Investigates tiansen. Permission to reprint: Individuals, and nonprofit li- braries acting for them, are permitted to make fair nyurl.com/yct9x5ez), might be thought of Sexual Misconduct, Report Says” (tinyurl. “We’ve had some hard truths look use of the material in this publication; for example, as a wildfire. The larger firestorm will cool com/y8qc642t), which describes a report at us,” Christiansen said during the call. copying an article for personal or classroom use. down, as fires always do, but it won’t be recently released by the USDA Office of “We’ve known about these, but they’re For republication, or systematic or multiple repro- duction of copyrighted material, permission must be declared out anytime soon, and a shift in the Inspector General: “The report said staring right at us, and clearly, we’re not obtained from SAF, with a fee for commercial use to the winds may lead to new blowups and that the Forest Service primarily uses doing enough. Let me state again, we be determined. To request permission to republish or spot fires. Wildfires in forests often are internal investigators to perform sexual cannot achieve the work of our mission reproduce material, contact the Editor at the address above. Proper notice of copyright and credit to The beneficial when they clear out decadent misconduct investigations, and recom- without the safe, respectful, rewarding, Forestry Source must appear on all copies made. vegetation, reduce accumulations of fuel, mended that the agency use independent resilient work environment that our col- Permission is granted to quote from The Forestry and spur new growth. The fire of gender, contract investigators instead.” Another leagues and the American people require Source if the customary acknowledgment accompa- nies the quote. racial, and sexual discrimination and ha- article to consider: “New Female Forest and deserve. In order to be successful in rassment will lead to positive change, too, Service Head Launches Review of Harass- Postmaster: Send address changes to The Forestry but the process will be painful for every- ment, Sexual Misconduct in the Agency” EDITOR'S NOTEBOOK ! Page 20 Source, 10100 Laureate Way, Bethesda, MD 20814, Attn.: E. Cooke
Periodicals postage paid at Bethesda, Maryland, and at additional mailing offices. Printed in the USA. !"#$%&''()$*+,-.('$#/0-+01$#+2$?0-$#3(')7$O?0?1'4'07$
© 2018, Society of American Foresters. ISSN 1084-5496. Reforms
Society of American Foresters ongress came to an agreement on pay for suppression costs until access Railroad Revested Lands and Coos The mission of the Society of American Foresters is a comprehensive package designed to advance the science, education, technology, and to fix the wildfire funding issue and to the disaster cap begins in FY 2020. Bay Wagon Road Reconveyed Lands. practice of forestry; to enhance the competency of C implement some meaningful federal for- its members; to establish standards of professional excellence; and to use the knowledge, skills, and est management reforms. The agreement, Forest Management Reforms “This long-awaited and critical- conservation ethic of the profession to ensure the which is part of the omnibus spending bill • Adds categorical exclusions from the ly-needed package of reforms would not continued health and use of forest ecosystems and covering all federal agencies for the rest National Environmental Policy Act to have been possible without the passion the present and future availability of forest resources to benefit society. of fiscal year (FY) 2018, passed both the cover up to 3,000 acres for hazardous and relentless commitment of countless House and Senate and was signed by the fuels removals. individuals, organizations, current and President: David S. Lewis, CF, ACF, President on March 23. past administrative leaders, agencies, and [email protected] • Expands Good Neighbor Authority to allow state foresters to work on congressional members and staff,” said Vice-President: John W. McNulty, Wildfire Funding neighboring federal lands more often. Dave Lewis, President of the Society of [email protected] • Creates a new funding mechanism American Foresters. “It’s refreshing to see • Limits the number of alternatives Immediate Past President: Fred Cubbage, through the disaster cap for wildfire bipartisanship and collaboration final- [email protected] starting in FY 2020 at $2.25 billion under consideration in the environ- ly prevail. These reforms will ultimately and increases to $2.95 billion in FY mental analysis process. benefit all states and all lands, both public Board of Directors (District): Thomas M. Hanson, CF (1); Michael J. Cloughesy (2); Richard B. Standiford, 2027 to account for projected increas- • Allows stewardship contracts to and private. Forestry and natural resourc- RPF (3); Beverly Yelczyn (4); Donald E. Howlett, CF (5); es in wildfire costs and to prevent extend to 20 years, helping industry in- es professionals across the country are be- Sidney E. Balch, CF (6); David P. Gwaze (7); Christa F. borrowing from non-fire programs. vest and expand the capacity to create yond grateful for all those who contributed Rogers (8); Lee A. Crocker, CF (9); Richard (Dick) W. Brinker; (10); Michael L. Murphrey, CF (11). • Freezes the Forest Service budget for additional markets for wood products. to this effort, and are excited to move for- ward and focus on improving the health suppression activities at the FY 2015 • Addresses impacts of the Cottonwood Non-voting members of the Board of Directors: and productivity of our nation’s forests.” level to stop the shifting of funds decision by giving the Forest Service Alexa Denhoff, Student Representative to the Board; SAF thanks Senators Crapo, Wyden, Christopher J. Farley, Chair, Forest Policy Commit- away from non-fire programs at the more flexibility to move forward with Risch, Merkley, Murkowski, and Cant- tee; John T. Walkowiak, CF, chair, House of Society beginning of the budgeting process. projects while sorting out Endangered Delegates; Andrew J. Sánchez Meador, Chair, Forest well, along with Representatives Simp- Species Act issues. Science and Technology Board. • Adjusts the overall disaster cap level son, Shrader, Westerman, McCollum, and by adding additional funds through FY :?7+30?,$J5.>'$K'L?(74'07$K+('>73(): John R. Barn- • Increases the use of Wildfire Hazard many others who have been working tire- well, Director of Government and External Affairs; 2021 to ensure that there is enough Severity Mapping for communities to lessly for years to address these issues. SAF Jennifer Kuhn, Director, Publications; Louise Murgia, funding for all federal agencies improve risk assessment and commu- will continue to work with Congress and CF, Chief of Staff and Chief Operating Officer; Naomi accessing the disaster cap. Marcus, Director, Professional Development; Carol nity preparedness. our partners to elevate forestry and natural Redelshiemer, CF, Director, Science and Education; • Includes an additional $500 million • Strengthens deference to current land resources professionals and give them the Corey Ruple, Director of Membership and Business tools they need to research, manage, and Operations; David Seabrook, Chief Financial Officer; beyond the 10-year average to help use plans for Oregon and California Christopher Whited, Senior Director of Marketing care for our nation’s forest resources. a and Conventions.
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April 2018 3 Q&A operation of some sort, and both organi- !" From Page 1 zations began internal discussions. From there, SRM took the lead on developing an land and resource manager at the Univer- agreement for what we called “co-member sity of Alberta in the Faculty Agriculture, benefits.” We have members who are in- Life & Environmental Sciences. In 2006, terested in interacting in other societies the Range Science Education Council and but not necessarily having to be a full the Society for Range Management award- member of all the societies that they want ed him the Outstanding Undergraduate to participate in. Teaching Award, and in 2017, he received We both signed the agreement in the W.R. Chapline Land Stewardship Sparks, Nevada, in February 2018. Award from SRM. What follows is our conversation, ed- What do you see as the benefits of this ited for clarity and length. agreement? The sharing of information. Perhaps we Why did you pursue range management? could both garner more member enthusi- I was interested in wildlife, so I took the asm if we have this opportunity. If you’re range and wildlife major in forestry at the a member of SAF, for example, you can University of Alberta. I transitioned into also get access to SRM journals or come range because I graduated during the first to SRM meetings and pay member rates. O/,'$K''($+0$I',I'7$30$#M$@?0>&$+0$%3,3(?-3D$E&373$P9$Q?(9$R(?4'(C$:?7/(?,$@')3/(>')$%30)'(I?7+30$!'(I+>'D oil downturn, and there weren’t a lot of SRM members can acquire SAF journals at jobs in wildlife or anything in resource a reasonable cost or attend SAF meetings more important. Twenty years ago, forest- the general public who are telling a sto- management. I obtained a position with at member rates. It’s really about expand- ers didn’t manage for the spotted owl or ry of massive destruction—it’s the end of the University of Alberta at one of our ing the reach of information transfer and other endangered forest-habitat species, the world unless we stop those foresters ranches, and I just kept working my way improving the member benefits for both and range managers didn’t manage for harvesting trees and get the livestock off up. The discipline you want to get into is organizations. desert tortoises or sage grouse. As those the public land—caused by what SRM not always the one you wind up staying in. species become better known to the pub- and SAF members would consider to be How are forestry and range manage- lic, the pressure becomes more intense sustainable utilitarian practice. It seems What type of landscape is considered ment similar? What are areas for col- on management and taking them into ac- hard to believe, but sometimes the mid- rangeland? laboration? count—and rightly so. dle-ground message is the hardest message Different people have different definitions. We’re both ecologically thinking groups, to portray. One of our principle messages The classic definition is land that’s used but we have to balance ecology with pro- from SRM is that moderate levels of use or for free-ranging herbivores as a source of duction. We have opportunities to work harvest, supported by solid research, is a forage, but it also produces multiple other and help each other just on that. On the We’re both ecologically sustainable path forward. There is also a environmental goods and services, such ground, we have areas that foresters would thinking groups, lack of recognition of professionalism, by as carbon storage, wood and fiber, water, claim as forested land and range mangers the public and even within our own disci- recreation, and, increasingly, housing and would claim as rangeland. Having these but we have to plines. Foresters probably have a stronger industrial complexes. Range is defined by two groups talking to each other rather recognition of professionalism than we its utilitarian side, which in its history has than being adversaries is important, par- balance ecology with have in our range community. been livestock grazing. That is still a dom- ticularly on the forest-grassland fringe— production. inant end use, but other uses are gaining the so-called transition zone. Do you know why that is? importance. It’s also defined by an eco- I think it might be due to the scale issue. logical side, which to me means the long- Are there differences in how range We have exotic invasions going on When you work in a professional disci- term sustainability of a utilitarian practice. managers view the landscape compared all the time, and some places are relative- pline for a living, you have to be able to The definition I tend to favor, which to foresters? ly immune to exotic invasions and some demonstrate professionalism and meet not everyone will agree with, is that Between foresters and range mangers, places are relatively susceptible. One of minimum competency standards, and if [rangeland] is too something for cultivat- I think in some cases it’s a difference in the biggest invasions right now are the you’re in a smaller group, you maybe don’t ed agriculture—it’s too dry, it’s too wet, it’s the scale of the production culture. Range Mediterranean annuals, especially cheat- value those professional standards quite as too hilly, it’s too stony, or it’s too sandy. managers and the disciplines that we rep- grass, in the Great Basin. That’s an exam- much, because you know each other. resent are smaller in scale than foresters ple of a pretty big geographic area—it’s a Are there certain landscape features and the industrial clients that they might huge problem now, and it’s going to be a What does your Society do to educate that make an area a range? represent. This isn’t going to be 100 per- continuing challenge in the future. At the the public that you are professionals? I don’t define the line of forest and then cent right, because there will be some same time, we have the expanding urban We advocate [on] a local, regional, na- range and then forest again. I define it as places where forestry operators are quite and industrial footprint that’s coming tional, and international stage for the forest that’s utilized as a source of forage small, and there are places where ranches along with increased population. value of professionalism and professional for free-ranging ungulates, and therefore, are quite big. But, for the most part, for- There is also the sage grouse, and standards. We, like SAF, certify university I would claim a lot of forested areas as estry includes large companies, and peo- their habitat loss is probably linked a bit programs, certify professionals, and hold rangeland. There’s an overlap of land be- ple who actually use rangeland are small to that exotic invasion by cheatgrass. Sage meetings at the local and international tween forest and rangeland. Rangeland oc- in comparison. grouse habitat covers an area of rangeland scales to allow and promote professional curs in North America from coast to coast, that goes from southern Nevada and into training. north to south, and east to west, but typi- In terms of range management, what southern Canada. They’re a species of in- One of our challenges is all those cally it’s the western half of North America are issues you are seeing in Canada and terest and concern, and the poster child things are all volunteer. In Alberta, for that people view as rangeland area. the United States that your members for endangered species on rangelands example, we compete against groups that are dealing with? right now. operate on government funding to pay How did the agreement between SRM There’s the age-old declining budgets. A I also think there’s a bit of public and people to put on meetings and do the lo- and SAF come about? lot of rangeland is public land, and there professional complacency as to the value gistics—the kinds of things that we expect That was a two-and-a-half-year process. are continually declining budgets and de- and potential of these lands and what hap- to accomplish with purely a volunteer It started with SAF President Bob Alverts clining staffs at the national and, in our pens if we lose them. It’s almost the “end- workforce. coming to our annual meeting in Sacra- case, provincial levels for managing range- less resource” philosophy that we’ve had mento, and he was there for, for lack of a land. At the same time, there are increas- in our Western society for quite a while. In terms of range management where better word, cross-pollination. He invited ing demands on rangeland. As our popu- At some point, it does become limiting, forest and range overlap, are there prac- one of our board of directors to meet with lations expand, resources start to become and then suddenly it’s endangered. Our tices that foresters need to be aware of SAF’s Board in Washington. At the time of limited. One of the places we expand into, greater public society tends to take range- that affect livestock production, or are the SAF Board meeting, I was elected as especially for recreation from the urban lands and the professionals and practi- there issues with livestock that affect second vice-president, but I hadn’t quite standpoint, is rangeland. Increasing de- tioners who manage [them] for granted. forestry? assumed the role. Nobody else could go, mands on rangeland by an increasing Absolutely. I’m not so sure how wide- so my wife, Judy, and I went to Washing- population—this is not going to change In that respect, do we need more out- spread this is, because it’s different no ton, and we were hosted for a day and a any time in the future. reach to the public to raise awareness matter where you go. For example, in the half, and I participated in the SAF Board At the land-base scale, we have rare that this is a finite resource? western United States, you have a prob- meeting. We floated the concept of a co- and uncommon species that are becoming Absolutely. We have groups of people in lem with trembling aspen; as a vegetation
4 The Forestry Source agers and foresters be aware of? dent programs at our annual meetings. It’s a combination of research, collabora- SRM hosts a continuum of activities for tion, and cooperation. The old analogy is students that ranges from our traditional of the orange. Everybody wants the or- academic contests to employment train- ange, but some only want to eat the or- ing workshops. We have 2,000 members, ange core and others only want the orange and we’ll draw 1,500 people to our an- peel for marmalade. We can each claim nual meeting, and a quarter of those will the orange for ourselves, but together we be students. can each have a piece of the orange, if we We don’t have a problem getting cooperate. That is possible for forestry young people into our organization; and grazing or range management, but it we have a problem keeping them, for a takes communication and collaboration to variety of reasons we don’t fully under- make it work. stand. To address this, we’ve encouraged And all too often people aren’t good the development of transition groups. at communicating or collaborating. Members who are between college and seasoned professionals [who] are very ac- Is that one of the opportunities with tive and doing a great job at generating this agreement, to start building that some of the social interactions and tech- collaboration at the local level? nical skills that keep people coming back Yes. It’s human nature that it’s much to our Society. We need to do more, but more difficult to dislike your neighbor our current transition group, Young Pro- when you know that they’re your neigh- fessional Conclave, is working well and bor and they help you out on something gaining momentum. else; we can help each other out at the professional level just like neighbors do. I Are you also addressing diversity is- "$0';$4'43(?0-/4$35$?1(''4'07$P'7;''0$7&'$!3>+'79$35$@?01'$O?0?1'4'07$?0-$!3>+'79$35$"4'(+>?0$ think the more you can have people meet sues, such as making efforts to recruit #3(')7'()$;+,,$+4L(3I'$7&'$)&?(+01$35$+053(4?7+30$P'7;''0$7&'$7;3$-+)>+L,+0')$?0-$355'($>3S4'4P'($P'0'.7)D$ each other and mingle, the more they re- students from diverse backgrounds to E+>7/('-$?('$T,'57U$@+>B$!7?0-+53(-C$?$4'4P'($35$!"#V)$G3?(-$35$K+('>73()$TK+)7(+>7$WUC$?0-$G?((9$8(I+01C$L(')+- alize what similar interests they have in- consider range management? -'07$35$7&'$!3>+'79$35$@?01'$O?0?1'4'07D$E&3731(?L&$>3/(7')9$35$A3&0$G?(0;',,D stead of meeting for the first time across We established a Diversity Task Force community, it is decline because of a small isn’t manipulated correctly, you can have a the boardroom table, where they have to two years ago in response to some crit- footprint, lack of regenerating fires, and real potential for damage to a regenerating come up with management practices they icism we had received about the lack large ungulate populations. In Canada, we aspen stand. The main difficulty between have to implement. of diverse thinking that we had in our don’t have a problem with aspen. We have forestry and livestock is probably the re- Society, and we just approved a new di- millions and millions of square miles of generating forest stage. Mature forests are At SAF, we’re focusing on attracting the versity and inclusion statement. We’ve aspen. But when you put aspen regenera- almost immune to damage, but at the re- next generation into the profession and always had one, but, to be honest, we tion and cattle on the same land base, you generation stage, forest cut blocks are very organization. How is SRM attracting hadn’t done a very good job of advertis- have the opportunity for conflict. In Can- susceptible to damage by livestock. younger folks to consider range man- ing or promoting it, and it was in need ada, you’re legally obligated to reestablish agement as a career? aspen back on the site. If cattle grazing In that respect, what should range man- We have tremendous undergraduate stu- Q&A ! Page 21
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April 2018 5 @":Q=$O":"Q=O=:M
Partnership Drives Utah Watershed Restoration Initiative Projects Treat Nearly 100K Acres per Year across the State By Steve Wilent ou might say that the Utah Water- that we were losing resources across the the understory. So we try to push those seed an area, and then use crawler tractors shed Restoration Initiative (WRI) state, that we were in trouble. The direc- trees back or create openings using chip- pulling anchor chain over the top to help Yhas an ambitious agenda. The mul- tor of the Division of Wildlife at the time pers, chaining, or lopping and scatter- cover that seed. Two-way green chaining is tipartner initiative was launched 12 years approached his counterparts at the federal ing—whichever method is appropriate for what’s controversial. That’s where, in ma- ago to manage, protect, and restore wa- agencies, and they reinitialized an older the area. And then we reseed the area with ture stands of pinyon and juniper that are tersheds across Utah by, among other ac- organization called the Utah Partners for a mixture of both native and non-native still green, you pull a chain one way, then tions, restoring degraded rangelands and Conservation and Development, and they grasses and forbs, and sometimes work seed the area and come back again with forests, reducing the impact of invasive resolved to put active restoration projects to reestablish sagebrush as well. The goal a second pass of the chain in the oppo- plant species, curbing the scale and inten- on the ground. That resolution spurred is to create a diversity of different species site direction, to cover the seed. It’s a very sity of wildfires, and reversing aspen forest the creation of the Watershed Restoration and age classes. disruptive, very ugly-looking process, and decline. In addition to improving water- Initiative. Funding from the state came most of the controversy surrounds how shed health and biological diversity, WRI along in about 2006, and that’s when Why do you use non-native species? devastating it looks. Our response to that also aims to boost water quality and yield things really started to get rolling. Our goal over the years has been to in- has always been that the churning of the and increase opportunities for sustainable crease the amount of native species that soil is needed so that we get a good re- uses of the state’s natural resources. And it continues to be a multiparty we use, to the point at which we won’t sponse from the seed. To date, WRI and its partners have effort? use any non-native species, but right completed 1,755 projects on nearly 1.5 Yes, initially, the key members were the now there are issues, such as the cost and Are the trees that are ripped out even- million acres, using more than $187 mil- federal and state natural-resources agen- availability of native seed. We’re putting tually piled and burned? lion in state and other funding and more cies. The initiative has now grown to the millions of pounds of seed out there each We don’t typically do that anymore—we than $20 million in in-kind contributions. point where it’s an open partnership—any- year, and even with the [native seed– usually leave them in place. That’s a con- WRI director Tyler Thompson began one can participate. We have five regional source] development projects going on, versation we often have with livestock working for the Utah Department of Nat- teams, and depending on the region, we we still need to use a few non-native grass- operators, who want us to pile or wind- ural Resources (DNR) in 1997, starting as see participation from local and county es and forbs. The amount of non-native row the debris. But what we have found a seasonal employee collecting vegetation governments, sportsmen’s organizations, seed that goes out now is much less than through research is that leaving the trees trend data for the DNR’s Division of Wild- nonprofit environmental organizations, when we started 12 years ago. on the ground has value for adding organ- life Resources Range Trend program. He oil and gas professionals, ranchers, and ic matter to the soil and creating small-an- later worked as a research biologist in the other landowners. Chaining, or dragging ship anchor imal habitat, so we usually leave them on- development of new grass and forb seed chains across an area to remove vegeta- site where they lay. In the wintertime, that sources. Thompson was the first resto- What were the initiative’s first tion, is controversial. Is it widely used helps keep snow from being blown off of ration biologist hired to implement WRI priorities? in Utah? the site. From a wildlife and watershed projects in southern Utah. He was named In Utah, we have an issue with an overabun- It never really went out of use in Utah, at health perspective, it makes a lot more WRI director in January 2017. I recently dance of pinyon pine and juniper trees. A least not on state and private lands. The sense to leave the trees in place. spoke with him about the WRI’s achieve- lack of disturbance has led to an over-mature federal agencies put it on the shelf for a ments and its goals for the future. population of these trees, so a lot of the first little while, but through this cooperative Tell me about the other mechanical projects were aimed at pinyon and juniper effort they have found it to be a useful treatments you use. What was the main reason for initiating removal. That work continues. tool. And they have used it in very limit- Lop-and-scatter is the method we use the WRI? ed areas, where chaining is called for. It’s most. There are three phases of PJ en- The real driver was that back in the early What are the effects of the spread of primarily the BLM [Bureau of Land Man- croachment: In phase 1, you have small, 2000s, we had quite an issue with the ef- pinyon and juniper, or PJ, woodlands? agement] that has brought that tool back. immature trees. In phase 2, the trees are fects of a long-term drought. At the time, When pinyon and juniper encroach into We have used one-way chaining for a little bit more mature and are starting to we thought we were seeing a large die-off sagebrush areas, they start to choke out fire rehab for as long as anyone can re- push out the understory, and in phase 3, of sagebrush—we found out later that it all of the understory plant species, so member. the tree canopy is completely closed and was just a browning of sagebrush leaves. we start to lose our shrubs, grasses, and there’s very little understory. We found But there was a real panic in the state, es- forbs. When the tree canopies eventually One-way chaining? that in phases 1 and 2, where there’s still pecially within the wildlife community, close in, there is very little vegetation in After a fire, we’ll come in and aerially re- a good understory that will respond if we
E+0930$?0-$X/0+L'($7('')$7&?7$&?I'$'0>(3?>&'-$+073$?('?)$L('I+3/),9$-34+0?7'-$P9$)?1'P(/)&$?('$('43I'-$P9$/)+01$>&+LL'()C$>&?+0+01$T?)$;?)$7&'$>?)'$+0$7&'$?('?$)&3;0$&'('UC$3($,3LL+01$?0-$)>?77'(+01C$?,,3;+01$)?1'P(/)&$ )L'>+')$73$('>3I'(D$80$)34'$>?)')$?0$?('?$+)$)''-'-$;+7&$?$4+27/('$35$P37&$0?7+I'$?0-$030S0?7+I'$1(?))')$?0-$53(P)D$YM&'$13?,$+)$73$>('?7'$?$-+I'()+79$35$-+55'('07$)L'>+')$?0-$?1'$>,?))')CZ$)?+-$H7?&$*?7'()&'-$@')73(?7+30$80+7+?- tive director Tyler Thompson.
6 The Forestry Source Education and Networking ISA Annual for Urban Foresters International Conference Conference Highlights & Trade Show Greater Columbus Sunday Arboriculture Celebration Keynote Convention Center 5 August, 6:00 pm – 7:30 pm Angelou Ezeilo, CEO and Founder, 5–8 August Greening Youth Foundation Workforce Diversity: Preparing for the Next Generation of Arborists Sunday, 5 August Learn more about the Greening Youth Foundation at: https://www.gyfoundation.org/ Arboriculture Celebration and Welcome Reception Monday Featured Presenter 6 August, 8:30 am– 9:20 am Monday, 6 August Mark Bays, Urban Forestry Coordinator, Educational Sessions Oklahoma Forestry Services Trade Show with The Survivor Tree: Witness to Tragedy, Symbol of Strength Climbers’ Corner Learn more about the Survivor Tree at: https://oklahomacitynationalmemorial.org/press-room/press-kit/ Tuesday, 7 August survivor-tree/ Educational Sessions Trade Show with Climbers’ Corner Tuesday Featured Presenter 7 August, 3:45 pm– 5:00 pm Wednesday, 8 August Matt Mellis, Aerospace Engineer, Educational Sessions NASA Glenn Research Center NASA and the Arborist: An Accidental Collaboration
Pre-Conference Tour Sunday, 5 August Tree Tour of Green Lawn Cemetery
Educational Tours: Wednesday, 8 August • Tour The Ohio State University Campus • SMA Walking Tour of Downtown Columbus Trees Book your • SCA Three Destination Tour: hotel now! Franklin Park Conservatory, Ahlum & Arbor Tree Preservation, Rates from and the Land Grant Brewery $149 - $169 USD
Visit www.isa-arbor.com/2018conference for information on hotels, registration, and conference updates.
April 2018 7 ® M&+)$M+1'(>?7$4?>&+0'C$.77'-$;+7&$?$#'>30$4/,>&+01$&'?-C$1(+0-)$;&3,'$L+0930$?0-$X/0+L'($7('')$+0$?$)?1'- Apply for your SAF Visa card today and get a P(/)&$(')73(?7+30$L(3X'>7D$E&373F$M9,'($M&34L)30C$H7?&$*?7'()&'-$@')73(?7+30$80+7+?7+I'D $25 statement credit!1 take out individual trees, then we’ll use spread it out. There’s an almost automatic Visit our website at www.signaturefcu.org/SAF or call (800) 336.0284 the lop-and-scatter method. Chainsaw response to these treatments. We get an for more information and to apply. crews come in, and the contract specifies immediate response by the understory that they cut the trees down and then cut species—they sprout right back up once Earn up to 3.00% APY2 with our High-Yield Choice Checking. them into pieces that are usually smaller those moisture-robbing trees are taken out Learn more at www.signaturefcu.org/high-yield. than about two feet. And there are height of there. requirements—they lay it down and And the understory species, which re- 1$25 Visa statement credit applies to new applicants only and expires after six months if it is not used. turn to being the dominant species on 2APY = Annual Percentage Yield. Rates may change without notice. High-Yield checking requirements: a site, are important for a variety of Debit card must be used at least 10 times and there must be a total of $1,000 being directly deposited Utah National wildlife species. And livestock, too, I into the account each month. The member must be enrolled in e-statements and can only have one Choice Checking per account. If any of the requirements are not met, the account will earn the standard presume? checking account rate for that month. Balances above $15,000 earn the standard checking APY while Right, and both wildlife and livestock are balances below $15,000 will earn the High Yield APY. #3(')7)$[?/0>&$ targets of the initiative. (800) 336.0284 YO+,,+30$">('$ [email protected] Is fire also a tool used to restore water- SignatureFCU.org sheds? #Signaturefcu Membership eligibility required %&?,,'01'Z Absolutely. We use fire quite a bit in the aspen and conifer types. Aspen is a fire-de- The supervisors of the five Utah na- pendent species, and we have the same tional forests recently pledged to issue in Utah as most of the West has— work with state, federal, and non- the decline and loss of aspen. So we work profit partners to improve one mil- with the Forest Service, the BLM, and pri- lion acres of National Forest System vate landowners to carry out large-scale lands in Utah over the next five years burns whenever possible. What we found using Utah Watershed Restoration through research with Brigham Young University is that the larger the scale of the Initiative funding. The goal for Utah fire and the hotter the fire burns, the bet- What’s That I Hear? national forests this year is to treat ter the response from aspen. And you also about 170,000 acres. According to swamp out all of the negative effects from SAF Podcasts Take You the US Forest Service, proposals for concentrated aspen herbivory, from both Beyond the Articles 64 projects have been submitted to wildlife and livestock. We try to burn, and WRI, totaling $11 million in com- SAF’s podcasts extend the life of journal articles we try to burn big. bined funding requests. In 2017, the and take listeners behind the scenes with the Fishlake National Forest completed What about using prescribed fire in the leading voices behind the literature. Podcasts a forest-wide analysis to treat phase PJ? for select articles published in Forest Science 1 juniper stands on about 75,000 We have had a few successes with fire in acres. The Uinta-Wasatch-Cache has the PJ type, but what we found over the and the Journal of Forestry are posted open launched a similar environmental years is that, in order to get a successful access alongside the parent article. Use analysis that will cover just under pinyon and juniper burn, the conditions them in the classroom or on a hike to lend 72,000 acres. that we need—the fuel moisture and wind to carry the fire, and the time of the year more mileage to complex scholarly “The Million Acre Challenge is not only about improving one mil- that you have to set those fires—are pretty content, making it more accessible to lion acres, but also setting forth the dangerous. We’ve had a few fires get away the practicing or future forester. challenge to think bigger and broad- from us. If we can isolate a large area and er in terms of the landscapes we treat reduce the likelihood that it’ll get away from us, we’ll try to do a PJ burn. But it and our ability to effectively and ef- really makes a lot more sense for us to do ficiently complete our environmental mechanical treatments instead. analysis and decisionmaking,” said David Whittekiend, supervisor of the I read that Utah has 54 noxious weeds, Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National For- including cheatgrass, which is a prob- est, in a press release. lem throughout much of the West. In planning and executing these What is WRI’s approach to combating projects, the Forest Service is work- invasives? ing with partners, such as the Mule We fund a few long-term treatments each Deer Foundation, the Rocky Moun- year—usually spraying projects—to try tain Elk Foundation, and the Nation- and push back weeds. The initiative’s https://academic.oup.com/jof/pages/podcasts al Wild Turkey Federation. goal is to try not to get into the mode of just spraying weeds year after year, but
8 The Forestry Source “...written by some of our
80$?('?)$;&'('$+7$+)$)?5'$73$-3$)3C$L(')>(+P'-$.('$+)$/)'-$73$&',L$(')73('$(?01',?0-)$+0$H7?&D$E&373F$M9,'($ Thompson, Utah Watershed Restoration Initiative. nation’s foremost experts, to work with project managers who are it does have state funding that ties into it, North American Wildlife working to eradicate weeds and replace but we work through cooperative agree- them with natural vegetation. ments and the Good Neighbor Authority Policy and Law is essential We do a lot of spraying and cutting to move [other] funding into the state, in riparian areas, in treatments of both where we then pool it and distribute it reading for anyone tamarisk and Russian olive, especially in to projects that rank highly in the WRI the southern part of our state. And we evaluation process. We also handle most treat phragmites [large non-native peren- of the contracting and seed purchases for interested...in natural nial grasses and reeds], which is an issue all of these projects, so instead of the feds around our two large lakes, the Great Salt working on their land, the state working resource management, Lake and Utah Lake. on its land, and private folks working on their land, we’ll go out and hire a single public policy, or Does the initiative work on sage grouse contractor with that pooled funding to conservation projects? pay for work across all ownerships. That’s environmental law. I would say that most of the pinyon and ju- more efficient, and it saves us a ton of niper projects have a sage grouse element headaches. It lets us work at a scale that – Michael Hutchins, PhD, to them. With the lop-and-scatter method, makes sense for the ecology of the area, Director, American Bird Conservancy’s Bird Smart Wind Energy Campaign we have found that the birds are moving rather than based on who owns the land. Former Executive Director/CEO, The Wildlife Society into those freed-up habitats right away. Are private landowners willing partici- What are the WRI priorities for this pants in WRI? year? Absolutely. There are hundreds of private We have about 200 project proposals for landowners involved with WRI each year. this year. The regional teams have ranked They are big supporters and big contrib- these projects, and now the state-lev- utors—most support comes in the form el WRI administrators will try to match of in-kind contributions of time, mate- funding to them. The five national forests rials, and equipment. We’ve been able to and Utah have issued what they call the use NRCS [US Natural Resources Con- Million Acre Challenge, where they’ve servation Service] and Farm Bill funding challenged their staffs to work through through either private landowners or per- the WRI to restore a million acres over the mittees on state and federal land. Access to next five years [see sidebar]. We’ll try our that funding has been an enormous boost. Learn more about Boone and Crockett Club’s new best to fund as many of those projects as book and sign up for professional discounts at we possibly can. What are some of key lessons you’ve learned that you can pass on to folks www.boone-crockett.org/nawpl WRI will handle funding for federal working in other states? projects? One of the most unique things about the WRI is that it is a state-run program and UTAH WRI ! Page 21
April 2018 9 Q(?\+01$?0-$M+4P'(F$8)$M&'('$?$N?LL9$O'-+/4] By Andrea Watts
n my Q&A with Barry Irving, president of the Society of Range Management, Ion page 1, Irving mentioned that forests are considered rangeland if they support free-ranging livestock. Managing for both livestock grazing and timber production requires finding a balance between these two land uses—the greater a tree canopy, the less forage production. Conversely, a lower tree cover that maximizes forage production results in decreased timber production and harvest levels. And in cer- tain parts of the country, cattle can damage a stand during its regeneration stage. For his doctoral dissertation while at South Dakota State University, Kurt Chowanski, who is now a researcher with South Dakota School of Mines and Tech- nology, sought to determine if it’s possible to optimize both livestock grazing and timber production while also protecting the landscape. Funding for Chowanski’s work came from the US Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture; The Center for Agro- forestry, which is a proponent of silvo- pasture; USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education; and the South Dakota Space Grant Consortium. @?01',?0-$>?0$P'$4?0?1'-$53($P37&$7+4P'($?0-$,+I')73>B$L(3-/>7+30C$P/7$7&'$>&?,,'01'$+)$.0-+01$?$P?,?0>'$P'7;''0$7&'$7;3$/)')D$M&+)$?('?C$03(7&;')7$35$%/)7'(C$!3/7&$ K?B37?C$+)$;+7&+0$(?01'$35$+-'?,$>?03L9$>3I'($53($4?2+4+\+01$,+I')73>B$L(3-/>7+30C$?>>3(-+01$73$R/(7$%&3;?0)B+C$;&3$(')'?(>&'-$,+I')73>B$1(?\+01$?0-$7+4P'($L(3-/>7+30$ His research site was the Black Hills 53($&+)$-3>73(?,$-+))'(7?7+30D$E&3731(?L&$>3/(7')9$35$R/(7$%&3;?0)B+D National Forest, where roughly 85 percent of its 1.25 million acres are utilized for live- land is tricky and complicated, because stock grazing. Ponderosa pine is the pre- it’s hard to find multiple lands that are dominate tree species, and harvest rotations managed in identical ways,” he explained. are 80–125 years. Between 1998 and 2007, “A lot of rangeland research has a limit- 163 thousand acres were harvested, pro- ed number of grazing pastures that are ducing 656 million board feet of sawtimber. used and a limited number of treatments. “Many people have made the argu- Furthermore, it can take longer than five ment that the Black Hills National Forest years before you start seeing the effects of is the most intensively managed national grazing management on the landscape.” forest in the country,” Chowanski said. From his results, he found that there Chowanski set out to answer several were no differences in the effects of live- questions: Is there an optimal canopy cov- stock grazing intensity on natural ponder- er for both livestock grazing and timber osa pine regeneration. Nor were there any production? Does livestock grazing have differences in forage production under any impacts on the landscape? What are different intensities of grazing. Chowanski the effects of different grazing intensities? speculates whether this result would be What are the effects of grazing on pine re- the same under drought conditions, be- generation? cause the study period had a number of “Sometimes the pine trees can be “incredibly moist summers,” he said. thought of as weeds, and the intensive puls- One surprising result he found was es of regeneration really necessitate imme- that a moderate level of grazing—15–20 N'+5'()$30$(?01',?0-$+0$O307?0?D$E&373F$M+4$O>%?P'C$:?7/(?,$@')3/(>')$%30)'(I?7+30$!'(I+>'D diate thinning treatments,” he said. “Other- animal units per megagram of forage wise, the trees will be incredibly dense and produced—resulted in the highest plant be considered when adopting this type of limit the long-term timber production.” species richness, whereas the ungrazed management strategy. “In the Black Hills, The dataset he compiled, which pastures had some of the lowest species we don’t need to protect the seedlings, spanned 1999–2005, consisted of 44 live- richness, even compared to the most while in other parts of the country, you TinyURL: stock grazing pastures, some of which heavily grazed pastures. do need to provide protection so cattle hadn’t been grazed for 15–30 years, where- In regard to canopy cover, he found [or other foraging animals such as goats] Short Links as other pastures had been intensively that a tree basal area of 30–60 square feet won’t trample them,” he said. grazed. All of these sites were surveyed for per acre produces an optimal range of There are also economic consider- Ever wonder why The Forestry two years to assess their plant species rich- canopy cover that also maximizes live- ations for whether the silvopasture model !"#$%&'"(&)'*$+),-'-"'./)0' ness. Grazing records maintained by the stock grazing. is a viable option for some landowners. 1&2-+,&'/33$&--&-',4/,'2&5+)' US Forest Service provided information as Based upon these results, Chowanski Although managing for both timber and 1+,4'6)0#$78%".? In short, to how many cattle were on each pasture said that it’s evident that livestock provide livestock production does allow land- 9+)0:;<'<<='">&$-'/'-&$?+%&' and for how long. The canopy cover of the somewhat of a benefit to the forest ecosys- owners to diversify their income streams, ,4/,'7&,-'0"#',#$)'7")5'1&2-+,&' sites was estimated by using satellite imag- tem. These results reinforce what Forest there is an upfront cost to incorporate /33$&--&-'+),"'-4"$,'@6)0A'")&-8' ery, and Chowanski also looked at the past Service personnel had also observed on the timber or livestock production into their B7,4"#54'",4&$'%".*/)+&-'">&$' 45 years of timber-harvest history. From ground. “The people I was working with at management strategy. “If you’re in timber these data, he constructed a grazing pres- the Black Hills National Forest were happy production, it costs a lot to buy the herd 1&2C/33$&--'-4"$,&)+)5'-&$?+%&-' sure index that looks at how long an ani- to see that I was finding what they had in and have them on your land,” Chowans- D"$'/'-./77'D&&E'9+)0:;<'+-'D$&&8' mal unit is on the landscape by how much their heads, as far as which pastures were ki added. “Conversely, if you have a herd, 94&'F"$&-,$0'!"#$%&'4/-'./3&' forage is produced on that the land. the best.” you’re getting an annual income. If you /'-./77'3")/6")',"'9+)0:;<',"' Chowanski was pleased to have a Although the study results demon- plant more trees, you’ll have to cut back 4&7*'-#**"$,',4&'-&$?+%&8 dataset that included replication and strate the value of silvopasture, Chow- on that annual income to give those seed- spanned 16 years. “Research in range- anski cautions that site conditions should lings time to establish themselves.” a
10 The Forestry Source INDUSTRY NEWS #3(')7$E(3-/>7)$80-/)7(9$:';)
CLTs in Maine Maine for several reasons,” said Nick Hol- SmartLam, a Montana-based company gorsen, CEO and co-founding partner of that makes cross-laminated timbers (CLTs) LignaTerra. “First, the types of trees that and other products, recently received a $3 are important to the cross-laminated tim- million grant from the Maine Technology ber production process are plentiful here Institute (MTI) to assist the company with in Maine. Second, we know that Maine its plan to open a new CLT manufacturing has a dedicated, productive workforce facility in Maine. “This expansion will al- with timber industry experience.” low the Montana-based company to fuel the adoption of the material on the East Lumber Production: +2.2% in 2017 Coast while creating employment oppor- US lumber production for 2017 was up 4.2 tunities for Maine’s ambitious workforce,” percent over 2016, at 33.9 billion board noted the MTI in announcing the grant. feet, according to data from the Western !4?(7[?4C$?$O307?0?SP?)'-$>34L?09$7&?7$4?B')$>(3))S,?4+0?7'-$7+4P'()$T%[M)U$?0-$37&'($L(3-/>7)C$('>'07,9$ “We are seeing considerable demand Wood Products Association. Production ?003/0>'-$7&?7$+7$L,?0)$73$3L'0$?$0';$%[M$4?0/5?>7/(+01$5?>+,+79$+0$O?+0'D$!4?(7[?4$4?B')$%[M)$+0$?$(?01'$ for CLT on the East Coast as architects, in the South was up 5.1 percent to 18.3 35$>30.1/(?7+30)$/L$73$6
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April 2018 11 Range Science & Technology
roundup of range science and tech- United States: A Comprehensive Science Syn- nology resources. Unless otherwise thesis (General Technical Report WO-93b, Anoted, all listed publications are January 2016, tinyurl.com/yared74c). available for free download and webinar re- From the abstract: “This assessment pro- cordings are available for viewing. vides input to the reauthorized National Integrated Drought Information System Range Science Information System (NIDIS) and the National Climate Assess- The Range Science Information System ment (NCA), and it establishes the sci- (RSIS) is a citation bibliography with entific foundation needed to manage for more than 1,400 peer-reviewed bib- drought resilience and adaptation. Focal liographic citations of professional journal areas include drought characterization; articles and documents focused on ripari- drought impacts on forest processes and an areas, weeds, wildlife, vegetation, soils, disturbances such as insect outbreaks and and rangeland management. Each RSIS wildfire; and consequences for forest and article citation includes research informa- rangeland values…. A first principal for tion, such as summary of methods, article increasing resilience and adaptation is to summary or main points, vegetation and avoid management actions that exacerbate Natural Resources Conservation Service the effects of current or future drought. Major Land Resource Area ecoregions, Options to mitigate drought include alter- AGROVOC multilingual agricultural the- ing structural or functional components saurus-controlled vocabulary words, and of vegetation, minimizing drought-medi- the type of article (primary research, syn- ated disturbance such as wildfire or insect thesis article, or case study). RSIS article outbreaks, and managing for reliable flow citations have a direct link to an online of water.” full text of the article; when an online copy is not available, a link to a library Planting on the Range resource contact is given. RSIS is a part- “Assessment of range planting as a con- nership project of Montana State Univer- servation practice,” Rangeland Ecology and sity, University of Idaho, and University of Management, 69(4): 237–247, tinyurl. Wyoming. See tinyurl.com/ycxbjajg. com/y7myhahd. From the abstract: “Nat- ural Resource Conservation Service Range Rangeland Systems Planting–Conservation Practice Standards Rangeland Systems: Processes, Management provide guidelines for making decisions and Challenges, from Springer International about seedbed preparation, planting Publishing AG, is an open-access e-book methods, plant materials selection, seed- How can you double your that includes 17 chapters, such as “Woody ing rate, seeding depth, timing of seed- Plant Encroachment: Causes and Conse- ing, postplanting management, and weed !"#$%"&%'("')(*%+,*-. quences,” “Managing the Livestock–Wild- control. Adoption of these standards is life Interface on Rangelands,” and “Man- expected to contribute to successful im- /("0,%',(',1%'2$*,'3(,,+&1045'6&!%"&%'7$"8 aging Climate Change Risks in Rangeland provement of vegetation composition and Systems.” See tinyurl.com/y7gop2b2. productivity of grazed plant communities. With the support of a $250,000 matching funds, every dollar you donate Also expected are some specific conserva- to the program is doubled — making your support twice as impactful. SRM Proceedings tion effects, such as improved forage for Abstract proceedings of the 71st Society livestock; improved forage, browse, or 905%':&,!("',('6$;;(*,'7(*%+,*-'<*()%++!("04+ for Range Management (SRM) Annual cover for wildlife; improved water quality Whether from an individual, group, or company, donations will directly contribute Meeting, Technical Training and Trade and quantity; reduced wind or water ero- to the program. Your support funds forestry professionals working on: Show, “Empowerment through Applied sion; and increased carbon sequestration. Science,” held January 28 to February 2, • Continuing Education, Outreach, and Collaboration 2018, in Sparks, Nevada. Abstracts from Sagebrush Biome Conservation • Leadership Development other meetings also available. See range- The Science Framework for Conservation and • Recognition of Student Research lands.org/events-abstracts/. Restoration of the Sagebrush Biome provides • Forestry Research a strategic, multiscale approach for priori- Drought Effects tizing areas for management and determin- Imagine what can be achieved with support from you, your chapter, and your company. A publication of the US Forest Service ing effective management strategies across Southern Research Station, Effects of the sagebrush biome. A geospatial process /("0,%'0,'===>%)(*%+,%*>(*?@6&!%"&%7$"8 Drought on Forests and Rangelands in the is used in which sagebrush ecosystem resil-
10100 Laureate Way • Bethesda, MD 20814 www.eforester.org • (866) 897-8720
M&'$*')7'(0$Q3I'(03()V$"))3>+?7+30V)$;'P+0?(C$Y@?01',?0-$O?0?1'4'07$!7(?7'1+')$?0-$M33,)F$E(3437+01$@')+,- +'0>9$?0-$"--('))+01$80I?)+I'$!L'>+')Z$T7+09/(,D>34`9a7__
12 The Forestry Source and national partner- ships. It was founded on the principles of voluntary action by those who own and manage grazing lands, with a respect for pri- vate property rights. Coalition goals em- phasize high-quality, voluntary technical assistance, expanded grazing lands research and education, and a more knowledgeable and informed pub- lic. See www.grazin- O3/07?+0$P+1$)?1'P(/)&$?0-$P,/'P/0>&$;&'?71(?))$>344/0+79$+0$;')7S>'0- 7(?,$J('130D$E&373F$@3>B9$O3/07?+0$@')'?(>&$!7?7+30`R+(B$K?I+')D glands.org. ience to disturbance and resistance to non- Range Webinar Series native, invasive plant species are linked to In the Texas Range Webinar Series, pre- information on the habitat requirements of sented by the Texas A&M AgriLife Ex- sagebrush-obligate species. The predom- tension Service, natural-resource manag- inant ecosystem and land use and devel- ers learn about a variety of range-related opment threats are assessed, and a habitat topics. For example, “The Tools in Our Get ready to be a part of matrix is utilized to help decisionmakers Land Management Toolbox,” discussed something big! evaluate risks and determine appropriate different options for manipulating plants management strategies at regional and lo- on rangelands, including the benefits cal scales. The framework provides a new and weaknesses of each and when com- National Wildfi re and valuable approach that helps to en- bining treatments may be more effective. Community Preparedness sure conservation and restoration actions Examples of other webinars in the series Day will mark its fi fth are implemented where they will have the are “Forage Forecasting: Decision Sup- greatest benefits. Rocky Mountain Research port for Rangeland Systems,” “Drones anniversary in 2018. Station, tinyurl.com/y7y2jzw8. on Rangelands – The Basics,” and “How Livestock Eat: Understanding Grazing Your eff orts will help Managing Invasive Brome Animal Behavior for Improved Livestock Seven chapters from Exotic Brome-Grasses and Resource Management.” See natural- raise wildfi re awareness, in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems of the West- resourcewebinars.tamu.edu. promote collaboration and ern US: Causes, Consequences, and Manage- bring neighbors together ment Implications are available from the Rangeland Strategies Webinar Rocky Mountain Research Station, includ- The Western Governors’ Association’s we- to work on projects that ing “Introduction: Exotic Annual Bromus binar, “Rangeland Management Strategies can help protect homes, in the Western USA”; “Land Uses, Fire, and Tools: Promoting Resiliency and Ad- neighborhoods and entire and Invasion: Exotic Annual Bromus and dressing Invasive Species,” examines new Human Dimensions”; and “Bromus Re- developments for increased resilience to communities from future sponse to Climate and Projected Changes the threats posed to Western rangelands wildfi re risk or current with Climate Change.” See tinyurl.com/ by invasive species, drought, wildfire, and post-fi re impacts. y997d7wa. other stressors. Panelists discuss tech- niques that maintain high-quality range- Rangeland Vegetation Simulator land plant communities in areas where The Rangeland Vegetation Simulator they persist, and restore them in areas (RVS) is a suite of software modules that where they have declined. The panel is simulate nonforested project areas’ vege- moderated by Jeremy Maestas, sagebrush tation conditions over time. RVS includes ecosystem specialist, USDA–Natural Re- calculations for biomass, succession, dis- source Conservation Service. See tinyurl. turbance, and fuel modeling (see github. com/y9t5526v. com/rlank/RVS). The RVS API is best used in conjunction with the Forest Vegetation Grazing Management Webinar Simulator. RVS is described in a Rocky In “Working with Producers to Apply Mountain Research Station publication, Intensive Grazing Management,” a webi- Wildfi rePrepDay.org “Rangeland Vegetation Simulator: A us- nar presented by the Natural Resources er-driven system for quantifying produc- Conservation Service, participants learn #Wildfi rePrepDay tion, succession, disturbance and fuels in strategies for explaining intensive grazing non-forest environments,” at tinyurl.com/ management to help producers make de- y7jmlbta. cisions about application. Grazing intensi- ty, rather than a rotational grazing system, Sponsored by Grazing Lands Coalition is the primary factor determining success- The National Grazing Lands Coalition is ful outcomes on vegetation, livestock, and a nationwide consortium of individuals financial return rates. See tinyurl.com/ya- NFPA and State Farm are pleased to support and organizations working together to qlu9wn. the 2018 Wildfi re Community Preparedness Day campaign, but have not assessed or maintain and improve the management evaluated any of the community projects, and health of the nation’s grazing lands, Grazing Plan Webinar activities or initiatives. Recognition of any kind mostly private but also public. The Coa- In “Writing and Monitoring Grazing in no way implies endorsement or approval of a project, its safety or eff ectiveness, and the lition is driven by agricultural producers Plans,” a webinar presented by the Nat- supporters disclaim all liability in connection and conservation, scientific, watershed, ural Resources Conservation Service, par- with any such project, activity or initiative. erosion control, and other environmental ticipants learn about writing grazing and organizations for the benefit of America’s monitoring plans, as well as economic grazing lands resource, and seeks to car- considerations of forage management. See ry out its activities through local, state, tinyurl.com/y8djmgw9. a
April 2018 13 BIOMETRIC BITS
How to Avoid a Common Mistake when Comparing Two Inventories By Henry Rodman and Nan Pond omparing two inventories is chal- different places and will pick up different lenging. Many factors need to be trees, so there will be some difference. Cconsidered when comparing two The real question is, how much difference inventory estimates, and the math can should be expected? get pretty deep pretty fast. So it’s not sur- To get a handle on this question, we prising that many foresters use shortcuts can simulate cruising a stand many times. and rules of thumb to evaluate inventory For example, we constructed a population results. In this article, we’ll take a closer of 100,000 potential sample plots, with look at a common shortcut we’ve seen in a mean BA of 175 and a standard devia- the real world and show why it can be tion of 37.7 square feet per acre. Then we misleading. simulated 20 cruises by randomly picking Consider the common situation in 15 plots for each cruise. Each one of these which two cruises, each with a 90 percent cruises is an unbiased, representative sam- confidence level, come back with a differ- ple of our stand. The code for this simula- ent estimate of the average basal area (BA) tion is available at tinyurl.com/ybtoq48h, in a stand. Let’s say that the seller’s inven- if you’d like to get into the details. tory estimates that the basal area is 186 ± Figure 1 shows our graph of the 90 16 square feet per acre; the low end of the percent confidence interval for each simu- confidence interval is 170 and the high lated cruise. The circle in the middle of each end is 202. A potential buyer conducts an confidence interval is the cruise mean BA. independent inventory that estimates BA There are a few things to notice about at 167 ± 15 square feet per acre, with a this graph. First, note that 18 of the 20 low of 152 and a high of 183. How should confidence intervals contain the popula- the seller feel about the buyer’s inventory? tion mean BA (the solid gray line at 175 Here’s the flawed rule of thumb that ft2/acre), and 10 percent of the cruises we’ve seen used: The buyer’s average BA don’t contain the population mean, which (167 ft2/acre) falls outside the 90 percent is exactly what we would expect from a 90 confidence interval of the seller’s BA esti- percent confidence interval. mate (170 to 202 ft2/acre). Thus, the seller Second, not all of the confidence in- might claim that the buyer’s inventory was tervals overlap. The seller’s original inven- “bad” and can’t be trusted. However, this is tory is highlighted in blue at the top of #+1/('$6F$M;'079$)+4/,?7'-$>(/+)')$35$7&'$)?4'$)7?0-$?0-$7&'$>30.-'0>'$+07'(I?,$T%8U$53($'?>&$>(/+)'D not a good way to compare two inventories. the figure (simulation 1). The light gray Remember that any timber cruise is shading covers 100 percent of the confi- fall outside it (shown in red). Note that 6 that the confidence intervals won’t over- just one particular sample of a stand. A dence interval of simulation 1, making it of the 20 simulated cruises (including #2, lap. It may be unlikely, but it’s going to different cruise is going to have plots in easy to see which cruises have means that the buyer’s inventory) don’t have means happen sometimes. An individual stand that fall within the seller’s confidence in- may pass or fail, and this result won’t tell terval. Remember, each one of these simu- you too much about the quality of the in- lated cruises is an unbiased, representative ventories you’re comparing. sample of our stand. Even though these A more-robust statistical compari- are all valid cruises, 30 percent of them son could include a t-test (which asks the don’t pass the “rule of thumb” test. This is question “Are these two samples statisti- Mark Your Bark. clearly not a robust test. cally different?”), or a technique called What did the rule of thumb test get equivalence testing, which asks the op- wrong? One key mistake was that it only posite question, “Are these two samples considered the mean of the buyer’s in- statistically similar?” Comparing cruises ventory, rather than the full confidence in multiple stands to get a more complete interval. Because we set a 90 percent picture of a strata or property is also valu- confidence level for our confidence in- able, because it reduces the impact of vari- tervals, this means that if we cruised ability at the stand level. this stand 20 times, we would expect 18 Our simulated cruises also illustrate (90%) of the cruise confidence intervals the importance of understanding confi- to include the true population mean. The dence intervals, as well as the limitations confidence interval conveys important of samples and their resulting estimates in information about how “good” an inven- providing absolute certainty. tory is—in general, better inventories Note that our comparison of simulat- will have tighter confidence intervals ed cruises is intentionally simplified. In and poor inventories will have wider the real world, there are usually other sig- ones. Confidence intervals also indicate nificant differences between inventories, the underlying variation in a sample. If including the sample design, the cruise a stand has patches of especially high or protocol, the collection date, and so on, low stocking that are measured, the con- that further complicate a fair comparison. fidence interval will be wider. It’s inadvis- We’ll explore these issues in more depth able to discard this critical information in the future. when comparing two estimates. At one time or another, most foresters A simple comparison of confidence find themselves having to decide between intervals still may not be adequate to de- two conflicting inventories, whether on a termine if an inventory is problematic. timber sale or when evaluating new inven- Note that simulation 15’s confidence in- tory methods. We hope this article helps terval doesn’t intersect with simulation you avoid a common pitfall when com- 1’s, even though they’re both totally valid paring inventories. Be careful out there! cruises of the same stand. This highlights Nan Pond is the lead biometrician and an important fact: At any confidence level Henry Rodman is a biometrician at SilviaTer- 1-800-627-1948 • www.ncpcoatings.com less than 100 percent, there is a possibility ra (silviaterra.com). a
14 The Forestry Source SAF National Convention Returns to Portland, Oregon, October 3–7 Plan your stay now for the 2018 SAF National Convention in Portland, Oregon. Join us October 3–7 for the biggest event in forest management.
This year’s event will explore the differences between policy and politics, and how science, management, and policy interact and integrate to inform and influence the conservation of forested landscapes. Plenary sessions will consider the role of science in policy decisions such as wildland fire policy, the role of scientists and managers in the policy process, and how we can better influence policy makers.
Attendees will experience: • Cutting-edge forest science with practical application • Case studies showcasing best practices • Adaptive management examples from forest practitioners • On-the-ground workshops in broad interest areas • Forest management in the Pacific Northwest • Sessions in nearly every area of forest management • Multiple technical field tours
Room Reservations Are Now Open SAF has secured discounted rooms at three great locations close to the Oregon Convention Center. Reservations are now open at these facilities: • Courtyard by Marriott Portland Downtown/Convention Center • Crowne Plaza Portland • DoubleTree by Hilton Portland Reserve your room now. Event registration opens soon. Visit www.safconvention.org for details.
www.safconvention.org #safconvention
April 2018 15 COMMENTARY
*34'0$35$*+,-.('F$@'I3,/7+30C$!/L'(&'(3')C$?0-$7&'$%?)'$ for Diversity in Fire Management By Allie Weill the men who had fought fire for decades the field than year ago, I carried a fire-themed saw their profession, which had previous- there were in the poster at the Sacramento Women’s ly been entirely about battling the menace 1970s. But the AMarch. “California communities and extinguishing every ember. The For- consent decree for resistance and resilience,” it read. I est Service began to incorporate some of that resulted from made a fire-themed poster mostly because the new ideas, ending its suppression-fo- the Bernardi suit I am a nerd who loves fire ecology, and my cused “10 a.m. policy” in 1978. At the expired more than research shapes the way I see the world. same time, the agency was losing some of 10 years ago, the But it also reflects a broader truth relevant its power in the field, due to the activi- field is still largely to the march: The history of fire in the ties of the Bureau of Land Management, male-dominated, United States reflects the history of this National Park Service, and other agencies and there remain country as a whole. One part of that is the and organizations. The result was a lot of many barriers for history of women in wildfire and forest early retirement by men who felt that the women. Actu- management. Forest Service was changing too much. al numbers vary A few years ago I was on a plane, In addition, in 1972, a USFS sociol- based on job type reading a paper about fire on my laptop. A ogist, Gene Bernardi, had filed a com- and employer, but man in his 60s or 70s sat in the seat to my plaint against the agency. She alleged sex the Forest Ser- right. He noticed what I was reading and discrimination after being refused a pro- vice labor force asked me about it. If I’m in a good mood, motion and pay raise, based on the Equal in 2006 was 38.3 I usually enjoy talking with strangers on Employment and Opportunity Act of that percent female, planes, especially about my work, so I was same year. This became a class action suit compared to 21.6 happy to talk. It turned out that he had on behalf of all women in the US Depart- percent in 1972. been a longtime employee of the US For- ment of Agriculture. The case was finally According to the est Service (USFS). I forget what we talked settled in 1979 and resulted in a decree agency, 27 percent about at first—something general about that the Forest Service had to hire enough of their foresters issues facing fire and forests today, most women to match the share of women in are women, while likely. But then the conversation took an the workforce as a whole, up to 43 per- 15 percent of all abrupt turn that I didn’t anticipate, when cent. The combined effect of the settle- foresters national- my neighbor informed me that the Forest ment and the increase in the number of ly are women. But Service had gone downhill ever since they early retirees was a lot of new people in only about 12 per- ",,+'$*'+,,$?7$?$('>'07$L(')>(+P'-$.('$7(?+0+01$;3(B)&3LD$E&373$>3/(7')9$35$",,+'$ had started hiring more women. “They’re the agency, many of them women. cent of agency em- Weill. totally unqualified,” he said. I was stunned Pyne describes the result of this tran- ployees are wom- that he would just say this to me in such sition in Between Two Fires, and while I en in permanent fire-suppression jobs. that were reported in the first place and a casual way, given that he knew my field. usually admire his work, his depiction of Many women working in wildfire to- could be substantiated. I tried to come up with a good response events did not sit well with me. It’s unde- day don’t see their experience as particu- Beyond harassment, other barriers on the spot. I knew there were impressive niable that significant demographic shifts arise in a male-dominated field. Many women in forestry and in fire. At my very changed the culture and priorities of the women have shown that they have the first field job related to fire, with The Na- Forest Service, and it’s probable that the My neighbor informed strength and skills to succeed in a variety ture Conservancy, I worked with a woman organization did have to hire those with of wildfire jobs, but training and tools de- who fought fires when she wasn’t moni- less experience to meet the terms of the me that the Forest signed for men can make this more diffi- toring fire effects on plants. She was pe- consent decree. Service had gone cult. For example, uniforms designed for tite, like me, and a total badass. I also had But his portrayal of the Forest Service men’s bodies may be ill-fitting, which can met female smokejumpers in Missoula post-1980 seems to rest entirely on quotes downhill ever since be unsafe in a wildland firefighting situ- during my first year of grad school. from disgruntled, male agency veterans. they had started ation. I said something like, “Surely there Pyne states that the Forest Service was My intent here is not to demonize the are many qualified women, and if there are “softer and gentler” and gives the overall hiring more women. Forest Service or any other organization as not, maybe that’s because they aren’t en- impression that everything went down- a whole: there are many wonderful peo- couraged to build up the necessary skills hill, summarized by the following quote “They’re totally ple who work in the USFS who are doing or to go into the entry-level positions that from one of the male former employees, unqualified,” he said. great things for diversity and for fire man- would make them better leaders in the “It became a better organization to work agement, and I’m lucky to know some of Forest Service.” “Nope,” he said, “women for, but not a better organization.” Zero them. Gender discrimination is an issue just weren’t suited to it.” At this point, I quotes from Bernardi herself. Zero quotes larly “soft and gentle.” Discrimination and that most institutions are dealing with. gave up and put on my headphones, but from any women involved in the agency sexual harassment have continued into re- Nonetheless, there are now a signifi- he was still keen to provide me with his in any capacity. Zero quotes from anyone cent decades. In a 2016 hearing, members cant number of exciting opportunities for wisdom. I would be a conservative when I of either gender who felt differently about of Congress heard testimony from USFS women interested in careers in fire and was older, he insisted. I told him that most the shift. He writes about this supposed employees, including fire prevention tech organizations focused on addressing bar- of the older folks I knew were, in fact, lib- shift not just as a widespread perception, Denise Rice, who described incidents of riers for women in the field. The Women erals, and that I intended to stick with it. but as the truth that he himself appears sexual harassment and assault. in Wildfire Bootcamp, founded in 2004, I later learned that this guy’s opinion to believe. Perhaps it’s not surprising that In November 2017, the Forest Service is going strong, and new Women’s Pre- on the decline of the Forest Service was Pyne appears to agree with the sentiment acknowledged its systemic problem with scribed Fire Training Exchanges (WTREX) not uncommon. Earlier this year, I read of those he quotes. After all, he was a fire- harassment, revealing that the agency had have taken off in the past few years. More Stephen J. Pyne’s history of fire in the fighter himself in the 1960s and 1970s “substantiated 83 cases of harassment, in- than 4,000 people “like” the Facebook United States since the mid-20th centu- before becoming a historian. cluding one sexual assault (the accused page “Wildfire Women,” which serves as ry, Between Two Fires. The book provided employee was removed); 34 cases of sexu- an online community for women in fire. some context for my seatmate’s attitude. Where Are We Now? al harassment (employees found responsi- These opportunities provide mentorship, During the 1960s and 1970s, Pyne Granted, most of this went down decades ble were removed/terminated, suspended, a network of women in fire positions, and writes, there was a “fire revolution” going ago. And it was just the Forest Service, or received reprimands depending on the practical tips, such as the best way to wield on alongside the environmental and civ- though that organization remains a domi- offense); and 51 employees were found a chainsaw if you have a smaller body. De- il-rights movements: Ideas about wilder- nant player in the wildfire field as a whole. to have engaged in other, nonsexual ha- spite the increases in women working in ness and the natural role of fire caught on Where are we now? rassment” [see tinyurl.com/y8bypzpv]. Of fire, most women still work in places where in the West, bringing big changes to how There are certainly more women in course, these figures only include cases they are one of a few women or even the
16 The Forestry Source only one, and having access to these net- change in management that an article in think of her at the SAFE Prescribed burn works can be essential to their success. the Huffington Post in January (incidental- last month, as more-experienced women ly, featuring a woman in fire) described a in fire planned our approach to the burn, Opportunities prescribed fire program as “revolutionary” showed me how to use the drip torch, and I heard about many of these opportunities [“Sasha Berleman’s Revolutionary Rx for gleefully encouraged me to set the land on from organizers and participants at the Fire in California,” January 17]. fire—for restoration, I promise! recent Association for Fire Ecology (AFE) The Forest Service and many of its People love to talk about change in Fire Congress in Orlando, Florida. Fire peer institutions are still largely fire-sup- terms of revolution—the fire revolution, ecology is a funny field: Ecology itself has pression organizations dominated by the sexual revolution. As if these things okay representation of women (41 percent white men. Are they are experienced? can change overnight or in a single de- of members of the Ecological Society of Sure. And their experience is important, cade. But even major events like the end America in 2006). But fire ecology attracts especially for safety on the fire line. But of the 10 a.m. policy and the consent de- a lot of folks who have had some experi- experience can also lead to entrenched cree from the Bernardi suit are just steps ence in wildfire fighting and management, patterns, institutional culture, and per- in a slow crawl of a revolution. So let’s which is more male-dominated. verse incentives that are hard to change. If keep working for policy change, for repre- Still, AFE is doing all right. At the recent the agency is serious about reforming fire sentation, for better treatment of the land conference, a day-long session, titled “Faces management, it should support diversity and the people who live on it. Perhaps we within the Fire: Toward an Inclusive Cul- in all levels of fire management. can bring back Wildfire as our mascot: a ture,” was devoted to inclusivity, and one of The guy I sat next to on the plane woman in fire, using fire to do good. the “fire circle” roundtable discussions was a few years ago felt so confident that his Allie Weill is a PhD candidate in ecology focused on “Using Human-Centered Design opinions on women in fire and forestry at the University of California, Davis. Her re- to Solve Inclusion and Diversity Dilemmas J0'$35$7&'$.()7$5'4?,'$)/L'(&'(3')C$*+,-.('c?,7'($ were obvious truths about women’s and search focuses on the causes and consequenc- in Wildland Fire.” The Fire AFEx plenary '13$%?(3,$d?0>'$O?(7+0c.()7$?LL'?('-$+0$6ae6$+0$ men’s abilities. Confident enough to say it es of changing fire regimes in Mediterranean !4?)&$%34+>)$f<_D$E/P,+>$-34?+0$+4?1'D session featured 10 speakers, three of whom to my face. This was the way the world of systems for both plants and people, including were women. The departing president of ticipants who joined us. fire was, and that’s all. We all hold some research related to fire science communica- the organization is a woman, and one of Diversity matters. It’s an equity con- unquestioned assumptions like this. tion and education. the three lifetime achievement award win- cern: Most people want all those who want This essay was originally published on ners was a woman. Obviously, these num- to and have the potential to be successful Wildfire, a Heroine Weill’s blog, Talk About Fire (talkaboutfire. bers aren’t at 50 percent, but for a field that in the field of wildland fire to be able to I recently came across a superhero that I’d com); this edited version appears here with has huge overlap with wildland firefighting, do so. But I’d argue that a diverse work- never heard of before, a heroine from the her permission. The original blog post in- which is very male, it’s nice to see women force is also necessary for forest manage- Golden Age of comics. Her name: Wild- cludes numerous links to sources of informa- and diversity concerns featured prominently ment in the 21st century. There have been fire. Alter ego: Carol Vance Martin. She tion. The blog focuses on ecological research, in the program. The numbers will also likely calls to reform forest and fire management first appeared in 1941 and was one of the science communication, and science educa- change with time: At the SAFE (Student As- for decades. What Stephen Pyne calls first female superheroes, though she’s now tion, especially topics related to wildfire. It at- sociation for Fire Ecology)–sponsored pre- the “fire revolution” took place 50 years mostly lost to history. She survives a for- tempts to present fire science (and sometimes scribed burn following the conference, nine ago. But there hasn’t been much change est fire as a child, and can thereafter not other areas of ecology) in a larger context and of 11 students participating were women, as on the ground in either fire management only can put fires out, but also can control discuss the ways people research, talk about, were many of The Nature Conservancy par- or diversity—there’s been little enough fire and use it for good. I couldn’t help but and interact with fire-prone ecosystems. a
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April 2018 17 SAF NEWS
",,'1&'09$!"#$%','P(?7')$_g$h'?()$35$!8[d"N$@')'?(>&SO?0?1'4'07$E?(70'()&+L By Susan Stout ore than 140 people gathered American beech showed no response, in Clarion, Pennsylvania, last and black cherry health and growth de- MSeptember for the 2017 SAF Al- creased on treated plots (see tinyurl.com/ legheny Section summer training session, ycpah2xl). As this line of science evolved, which was devoted to celebrating the 50th scientists benefited from observations of anniversary of the creation of SILVAH, a which landscape positions and glacial his- partnership between scientists and man- tory were correlated with good and bad agers aimed at improving private and sugar maple health. They also gained ac- public foresters’ knowledge of Allegheny cess to archived soil samples collected by hardwood and mixed oak forests. SILVAH, the Soil Conservation Service (now the originally short for Silviculture of Allegh- Natural Resource Conservation Service) eny Hardwoods, now also offers guidance in 1967. Resampling in 1997 showed dra- for mixed oak forests. It is a systematic matic losses of calcium and magnesium approach to inventory, analysis, and silvi- in soils to a depth of 150 centimeters (ti- cultural prescription development, as well nyurl.com/ycukjb6l). as a computer tool for supporting silvi- Participants also learned that scien- cultural decisions in hardwood stands of tists and managers are now wondering the upper Appalachian and Mid-Atlantic whether the reductions in nitrate and region. It is used by state foresters in six sulfate deposition since the 1991 Clean states and on several national forests, as Air Act Amendments may be part of the well as for commercial forests. explanation for changes in the ecology of SILVAH began when, at an SAF chap- black cherry. To test this hypothesis, the ter meeting in about 1967, public and Allegheny National Forest and SILVAH private foresters of the High Allegheny scientists have begun a study of regener- Plateau ecoregion asked US Forest Ser- ation responses to nitrogen fertilization. G3P$[301C$?$H!$#3(')7$!'(I+>'$(')'?(>&$L?7&3,31+)7C$7?,B)$;+7&$!8[d"N$.',-$7(+L$L?(7+>+L?07)$?P3/7$>&?01')$ vice Research and Development for help Todd Ristau shared early results from this +0$P,?>B$>&'((9$;33-$7&?7$>3+0>+-'$;+7&$>&'((9$)>?,,3L)&',,$437&$3/7P('?B)$3I'($4?09$-'>?-')D$[301$('7+('-$ addressing a regeneration crisis. David A. study testing forest responses to fertiliza- 5(34$7&'$:3(7&'(0$@')'?(>&$!7?7+30$+0$#'P(/?(9D$E&373$P9$!/)?0$!73/7D Marquis was brought to Warren, Pennsyl- tion after shelterwood seed cuts and re- vania, to head up a program to conduct cent removal cuts. Red maple is benefiting short-term studies may overestimate the recently treated with a post-harvest fire. research into the issue. From the begin- in shelterwood seed cuts, as well as black impact of salvaging on regeneration. Twenty-four technical talks at the ning, Marquis recognized the potential cherry in stands fertilized after overstory About 30 participants extended their event covered topics ranging from using power of a research-management partner- removal. week by participating in a Friday afternoon SILVAH and NED forest ecosystem deci- ship, and he went on to build that part- Participants also visited one site of the field tour focusing on oak regeneration, sion support software (www.nrs.fs.fed. nership, as well as organize the training Allegheny Hardwood Dominance Proba- led by Patrick Brose. It included visits to us/tools/ned) to assess wildlife habitat, sessions and create the computer software bility site, a recent harvest on the Allegh- several sites on Clear Creek State Forest, reported by Helene Cleveland and Scott that became SILVAH. As one of the speak- eny National Forest. Scott Stoleson linked home of the Pennsylvania SILVAH:Oak Thomasma, to Todd Ristau’s reports on ers at the 2017 meeting, Marquis detailed his extensive research on the importance training sessions. The tour included visits recent studies of fertilization in Allegheny this early history to a rapt audience. Steve of early successional habitat to migratory to various oak shelterwoods that demon- hardwood stands. Will McWilliams talked Horsley, another leader of the original birds in the post-fledging period to sev- strate the seedling development principles about the role that SILVAH played in the SILVAH team, shared the history of early eral characteristics on the site, and Pat of SILVAH:Oak, stands regenerated by the vegetation-management research, as the Brose described the Allegheny Hardwood shelterwood-burn technique, and a stand SAF NEWS ALLEGHENY ! Page 21 SILVAH community led the way in label- Dominance Probability study, which is ing key products for forestry use based following the development of nine stands on the rigorous research conducted in the that were first measured in 2011–2012 as region. In other talks, Jim Grace, retired shelterwood stands, experienced removal Pennsylvania state forester, lauded the cuts in 2013, and have been remeasured research-management partnership from a regularly since. Results so far: Birch sap- manager’s point of view, as did Sue Swan- lings are the tallest stems on almost every son, executive director of the Allegheny plot where they were found in the original Hardwood Utilization Group, who gave measurement, yellow poplar and cucum- the welcoming talk. ber tree are sometimes successful, where- Field trips focused on some high- as red maple and black cherry are only lights of research completed under the successful when they are very tall and not SILVAH umbrella over the last 50 years. competing with birch. At the National Atmospheric Deposition At the site of a May 1, 2017, wind- Program (NADP) weather station on the storm on the Kane Experimental Forest Kane Experimental Forest, participants (KEF), participants heard about the im- heard about impacts of acid deposition portance of windfall as a natural distur- on forest health on the Allegheny Plateau. bance and the effects of salvage logging on At one time, this region received some of forest plant diversity. Alex Royo showed the highest quantities of nitrate and sul- results from partnerships with Yale, the fate deposition in the nation. During the Allegheny National Forest, and sever- height of the acid deposition, the Penn- al other landowners affected by a 2003 sylvania Bureau of Forestry and SILVAH windstorm. A study of salvage logging researchers started a study of sugar ma- after the storm demonstrated that salvag- ple decline that tested the effects of lim- ing creates novel microsites and mitigates ing as an antidote to acid deposition. competing vegetation, thereby enhancing Bob Long described a 35-year study of establishment of important hardwoods forest responses to a single application of and promoting tree species coexistence (ti- 10 tons per acre of dolomitic limestone, nyurl.com/ycxb7ndl). Royo’s results, cou- which showed that sugar maple health pled with an assessment of 27 published and growth benefited from the treatment, post-windthrow salvage studies, suggest
18 The Forestry Source SAF NEWS
Teaching Teachers in Indiana By Teena Ligman he 18 teachers who attended the Indiana Natural Resources Teacher Institute last June have had ample time to weave the things they learned into their classroom Tlessons. The Institute was held at Morgan Monroe State Forest in southern Indiana. For a week, the teachers participated in classes, field trips, and demonstrations on a va- riety of forest practices. This was the fourth year for the Institute, which is sponsored by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources (DNR), but has several other participating sponsors, including the Indiana Society of American Foresters (ISAF). Lessons taught included classes on forest resources, the forest-products industry, and forest research being conducted on state forestland. Participants were required to develop lesson plans on what they learned during the week. Several of the teachers said that this was the best professional development they had ever attended. In addition to learning in classroom settings, attendees use a variety of forestry equipment in the woods. These experiences pay off when, at the end of the week-long session, they receive their own set of equipment, provided by ISAF, to take back to their classrooms. As one teacher pointed out, having the tools to support what they learned is invaluable to their students’ classroom. Lenny Farlee, one of the coordinators for the Institute, said several states do a week- long Forest Camp for teachers, but Indiana is unique in that the state includes a research component involving the Hardwood Ecosystem Experiment (HEE), a study designed to =+1&7''0$7'?>&'()$?77'0-'-$7&'$80-+?0?$:?7/(?,$@')3/(>'$M'?>&'($80)7+7/7'$+0$A/0'$ Tennessee Program becomes First SAF-Accredited Wildlife and Fisheries Degree he Society of American Foresters has granted accreditation to the wildlife and fish- Accreditation, on the other hand, involves rigorous evaluation of the entire program eries management concentration of study within the wildlife and fisheries science based on standards that examine a program’s mission, goals, and objectives; organiza- Tmajor at the College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at the Univer- tion and administration; students; parent institution support; curriculum; and faculty. A sity of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. This is the first and only time, nationwide, that peer-review process is conducted on site by a visiting accreditation team, followed by a a concentration of a wildlife and fisheries major has been accredited by a professional review by the SAF Committee on Accreditation. The end result, if successful, is assurance organization. Faculty overseeing the program are part of the Department of Forestry, that professional quality standards are attained by the degree program. Wildlife, and Fisheries (FWF). The accreditation was granted by SAF under its Natural “Reaching our goal of accreditation for our Wildlife and Fisheries Management con- Resources and Ecosystem Management Standards. centration sets us apart from all of the other wildlife programs in the country. Although Normally, wildlife and fisheries programs may provide an opportunity for gradu- other universities may follow our lead in the future, we will always be recognized as the ates to become Certified Wildlife Biologists by completing a specified number of credit first to reach this milestone. I couldn’t be more proud of the faculty, students, and staff in hours within a range of academic subject areas, combined with a minimum amount of our department,” said FWF head and professor Keith Belli. professional experience. However, degree programs themselves are not certified, only the For more information about the FWF curricula, visit fwf.tennessee.edu.—from the graduates of those programs. University of Tennessee. a IN MEMORIAM Thomas Lyle Finch, 96, died on March 6, 2018. After graduation Thomas S. Rhyne Jr., 91, former assistant state forester for North Car- from high school, Finch set out for Montana State University, where olina (NC), died on January 11, 2018. He graduated from NC State he received a degree in forestry. He served in the US Army from 1943 University School of Forestry following service in the US Marine Corps to 1946, serving in the Pacific Theater and as part of the occupying during World War II. Rhyne worked 40 years with the NC Forest Ser- forces in Japan after that country’s defeat in World War II. After re- vice, serving in a number of leadership positions. He was instrumental turning from the war, he joined the US Forest Service in 1947 and in many innovations during that time, including the development of served in many different locations, including Missoula, St. Maries, the aviation program, establishment of the Edu- Metaline Falls, and Palouse, until he retired in 1972. For more infor- cational State Forests program, seedling nursery Thomas Finch mation, see tinyurl.com/yacwvy2v. development, and much more. He received the Thomas S. Governor’s Executive Cabinet Award for Excellence Rhyne Jr. John K. McBride, 90, died on March 11, 2018, at his home in Libby, Montana. He served in Management and Supervision for his exemplary in the US Army Artillery Infantry and was honorably discharged in 1948 as a corporal. service. He was personally involved with growing Fraser fir Christmas He graduated from the University of Maine in 1952 and received a bachelor’s degree in trees in western NC and helped the Christmas tree industry become forest management. He later worked for the J. Neils Lumber Co., St. Regis Paper Co., and fully established and vigorous in NC. Rhyne was active in SAF for 68 Champion International. He loved teaching forestry to elementary school students and years, including serving as chair of the North Carolina Division and taking teachers on tours of the woods. For more information, see tinyurl.com/yda85anz. John K. McBride other roles. For more information, see tinyurl.com/y9or3byc. a April 2018 19 EDITOR'S NOTEBOOK In my view, the best of all the reactions !" From Page 2 to an incident of harassment was a powerful speech last year by US Air Force lieutenant our work, to care for the land and serve the general Jay Silveria, superintendent of the American people, we must hold ourselves US Air Force Academy’s preparatory school Fire on the Land and our agency accountable to the highest in Colorado Springs, Colorado. After racial standard of conduct. We will not tolerate slurs were written on the dormitory doors Featuring a preface by Dr. Stephen Pyne behavior that makes our colleagues or the of five black students at the school, Gener- people in our communities unsafe in any al Silveria called a meeting of students and Fire on the Land +.&$'3(%,'/%*/.(%*/(+/3%(./3/#.1*(#$)(%*&$6&$'(,$(-./(/1,",'72(!,"&172(#$)(( way, including harassment, bullying, as- staff—more than 5,500 service members of #!!"&1#%&,$(%,(/8#9&$/(-./:3(!"#1/(&$(4,./3%(9#$#'/9/$%;(<(1,""/1%&,$(,4(!//.5./=&/>/)(( sault, and retaliation.” all ranks—and he encouraged them to use 31&/$%&-1(#.%&1"/3(4.,9(%*/(?<@(#.1*&=/32(%*&3(#$%*,",'7(!.,=&)/3(#(1,9!./*/$3&=/(/8#9&$#%&,$( Christiansen and Acting Associate their phones to record the address and to ,4(*,>(-./(*#3(3*#!/)(<9/.&1#:3(4,./3%/)("#$)31#!/(#$)(%*/(!/,!"/(>*,(1#./(4,.(&%;(A#1*($/>( Chief Lenise Lago outlined a 30-day plan, share it. 3/1%&,$(&3("/)(+7(#(31&/$1/(37$%*/3&3(&$%.,)01%&,$(%*#%(+.&)'/3(%*/(*&3%,.7(,4(%*/3/(!&=,%#"( called “Stand Up For Each Other,” that will “So, just in case you’re unclear on !#!/.3(#$)(%*/(10../$%(!.#1%&1/3(#$)(>,.6(%*#%("&/3(#*/#)(./'#.)&$'(-./(31&/$1/(&$(4,./3%.7; include “listening sessions” with employ- where I stand on this topic, I’m going to ees across the country about harassment leave you with my most important thought and retaliation, conducted by senior agen- today,” he said. “If you can’t treat someone $30.95 for SAF members cy staffers, counselors, and civil rights and with dignity and respect, then you need $35.95 for nonmembers communications officers. The agency also to get out. If you can’t treat someone from aims to create a heat map for “geospatially another gender, whether that’s a man or a Order yours today at referencing where harassment complaints woman, with dignity and respect, then you http://bit.ly/2hPo5Mu are coming from, so we’ll be able to identify need to get out. If you demean someone in where there seems to be a problem … and any way, then you need to get out. And if get resources to that location.” you can’t treat someone from another race I asked Sharon Friedman, who retired or a different color skin with dignity and FIRE ON after 33 years with the Forest Service (in- respect, then you need to get out.” cluding Region 5, the Washington Office, I encourage you to watch the video of THE LAND and the research and development arm), for General Silveria’s impassioned speech (ti- her take on the conference call. She is chair nyurl.com/y7rxvn3k). Heat maps and lis- A Retrospective Anthology of Papers of the Rocky Mountaineers, an association tening sessions are important, but I’d like from the Archives of the of retirees and employees of the Forest Ser- to see the leaders of the Forest Service and Society of American Foresters vice’s Rocky Mountain Region. other agencies, companies, and organiza- edited by Stephen Fillmore with a preface by Stephen Pyne “I think that they are right about the tions make similar unequivocal statements: fact that it is an ongoing problem and will This is our institution, and we demand the take an ongoing focus and pressure through highest standard of conduct. If you can’t time, and I think they are the right people meet that standard, or if you can’t or won’t and this is the right time to address it,” she stand up for your colleagues when they are said. subjected to discrimination or misconduct, www.eforester.org/store In a thoughtful post on her blog, A then get out. a New Century of Forest Planning, Friedman outlines several steps that the agency might take to better tackle the issue. For example, she suggests that the Forest Service ought to look at how other agencies, such as the !L'>+?,$8))/'F$ Bureau of Land Management and the US military, are dealing with discrimination Urban Forestry A Perfect Tool for Your and harassment, to “see what they are do- 94&'G#)&'HIJK'&3+6")'"D'The ing and how it has worked—or not.” See Forestry Source 1+77'D"%#-'")'#$- tinyurl.com/ybagunhc. Forestry Outreach Efforts 2/)'/)3'%"..#)+,0'D"$&-,$08'B$&' Available at www.eforester.org/store Other Voices, Other Agencies 0"#'+)?"7?&3'")'/'*$"L&%,',4/,' In addition to news reports on the com- 1"#73'2&'"D'+),&$&-,',"'$&/3&$-M' Prepare for your outreach events with the “Future Forester” coloring and activity book. plaints and lawsuits about gender dis- Perfect for kids aged 5 to 12, this book plants the seed of curiosity about the forest crimination and sexual harassment, some ="),/%,'&3+,"$'!,&?&'N+7&),'/,' women have weighed in with very personal and teaches children about the value the forestry profession provides to society. From 1+7&),-O-/D)&,8"$5'"$'PIQCRHHC observations. See, for example, Allie Weill’s !"#$%&$'(#$)(*#+&%#%(%,(-./(#$)( commentary on page 16 in this edition of QIQQ'@4".&'"S%&'+)'T$&5")A8 !.,)01%&,$2(%*&3(40$5-""/)(+,,6( The Forestry Source: “Women of Wildfire: helps children better under- Revolution, Superheroes, and the Case for stand how your work helps Diversity in Fire Management.” Also worth E/7$#3(')7'()V$ forests. reading: “A Firestorm of Misogyny,” by Julia Petersen in Evergreen Magazine (www.ever- greenmagazine.com/firestorm-misogyny/), #/0-$*3(B $9.95 Members and an essay by Susan Marsh in Mountain U"'0"#')&&3'D#)3+)5'D"$'/)'!BF' $12.95 Nonmembers Journal, “#MeToo in a Culture of Good Old *$"L&%,',4/,'*$".",&-'D"$&-,$0' Boys” (tinyurl.com/yd6rlg6u). Marsh re- tired from the Forest Service in 2010 after &3#%/6")'/)3'&)4/)%&-'*#27+%' 30 years of service. #)3&$-,/)3+)5'"D'D"$&-,'./)/5&- If you’ve been following the news in .&),M'=")-+3&$'/**70+)5'D"$'/' recent months, you know that the Forest Service isn’t the only agency, company, or F"$&-,&$-V'F#)3'5$/),8'94&')&W,' organization wrestling with discrimination 3&/37+)&'+-'G#)&'JP'/)3'2",4' and harassment. The problem is pervasive throughout society. But for the moment, the $&5#7/$'5$/),-'@#*',"'XJEPIIA'/)3' spotlight is on the Forest Service, and many -*&%+/7'5$/),-'@#*',"'XPEIIIA'1+77' employees, retirees, and others will be 2&'%")-+3&$&38' watching closely as the agency implements the “Stand Up For Each Other” initiative F"$'."$&'+)D"$./6")'/)3',"' and, more important, as it takes concrete /**70E'-&&'6)0#$78%".YZ&0.5,*8 actions to address the issues. 20 The Forestry Source Q&A !"#$:=*!$"[[=QN=:h UTAH WRI !" From Page 5 !" From Page 18 !" From Page 9 of updating. Our Diversity Task Force development of new regeneration protocols One thing that’s helped us is that we have focus species since the WRI started. A lot is now moving on to work on inclusion and indicators for the Forest Inventory and support from leadership at all levels—we of the surrounding states have continued guidelines for our meetings and the gen- Analysis program for the entire Northeast, have high cover from our governor and our to see declines in mule deer, but our pop- eral operation of our Society. On a smaller and brought participants up to date on re- legislature. Also, we focus on projects that ulation has increased. One of WRI’s biggest scale, we set aside scarce budget resources search efforts to develop regeneration stan- start on the ground with the project man- selling points—one of our biggest claims to help students from underrepresented dards for other parts of the region. Laura agers. We’ve empowered project managers to fame—is that we have not seen any new schools come to our annual meeting and Leites and Scott Miller reported on the on- and regional teams to have a lot of input listings of endangered species in Utah since start to get involved. The biggest example going study of the effects of implementing into what they do and where they do it, we got started. That’s a big one for us. We of that in Canada is our Aboriginal popu- SILVAH guidelines on Bureau of Forestry and which projects are the top priorities. want to keep species in state management lation who, because of limited economic oak sites. Joanne Rebbeck and Matt Peters and off of that [federal] endangered species opportunities, are financially challenged to described the SILVAH program in Ohio, for What indicators of success can you point list. attend our international meeting. We can which training across multiple agencies is a to? For more information about WRI, vis- always do more, but in a limited world we key part of the Ohio Joint Chiefs’ Project to Generally speaking, a lot of the states it wri.utah.gov. For information about sage can only do so much. Some of the events restore oak forests, and for which SILVAH around us are seeing large reductions in grouse biology, status, and conservation efforts, held at the Society level are because indi- scientists are weaving SILVAH plot-level sage grouse populations, but ours have see the US Fish and Wildlife Service (fws.gov/ vidual members have really taken this on data with ecological land type associations been holding pretty steady. Mule deer is an- greatersagegrouse) and BLM (blm.gov/pro- and have advocated and worked for pro- to facilitate landscape-level planning. Coe- other big success story. It’s been one of the grams/fish-and-wildlife/sage-grouse).a gramming that is affordable, available, and li Hoover shared new results based on the promotes attendance from diverse groups. SILVAH thinning plots on the Kane Exper- I think for some issues we have passed imental Forest showing how forest man- CALENDAR a threshold, and gender is one of them. In agement affects carbon sequestration in Al- !" From Page 22 our student competitions and in my home legheny hardwood forests. school, the University of Alberta, we’re Several of the presentations synthe- OHIO TEXAS probably 70 to 80 percent female gradu- sized decades of research, such as those on 4/18–19/2018, Texas SAF Annual Meeting, ates now. But we’re not at that level every- deer-forest interactions, oak regeneration, 4/3–4/2018, Annual Forest Health Meeting, Jackson Diboll where, and it takes time to work through vegetation management, and sugar maple 4/19/2018, Tailgating with Trees: Winter Plant 5/2/2018, Understory Plant Identification it. Our leadership is not representative decline. In both the opening talk and the Identification #4, Dayton, Ohio Workshop, Nacogdoches of our current membership in terms of final talk of the session, Susan Stout em- 5/24/2018, Tailgating with Trees, Dayton 5/10/2018, 4th Annual Growing Texas Work- gender. We’ll get there, because the wave phasized how important science-manage- shop, San Antonio of gender diversity is starting to come ment collaboration had been in virtually ev- OKLAHOMA through the ranks now. We need to start ery line of SILVAH science. Managers have VERMONT and maintain other diversity waves, now brought real-world problems to the research 4/24–25/2018, Western Gulf Forest inSight and in the future. team, and the community of practice that Conference, Idabel 4/5/2018, Forest Soils in the Hogback Ecore- has developed over the last 50 years is able gion (lecture 1), Bristol Because you are having a lot of under- to pool observations and generate hypoth- J@=QJ:$ 4/7/2018, Forest Soils in the Hogback Ecore- gion (field trip 1), Bristol grads going into range-related disci- eses together. She cited a week-long field 4/2/2018, Oregon Forest Pest Detectors Pro- 4/14/2018, Forest Soils in the Hogback Ecore- plines, are you encouraged to see future tour focused on sugar maple decline in gion (field trip 2), Bristol professionals in the pipeline to manage 1995. Scientists asked managers to identify gram- Astoria, Astoria 4/10–12/2018, Professional Timber Cruising 4/19/2018, Forest Soils in the Hogback Ecore- these lands in the future? some of their best and worst sugar maple with Super ACE, Beaverton gion (lecture 2), Bristol, Vermont Yes, I am. You know there is always talk sites, and from those field visits, testable hy- 4/18–19/2018, 2018 OSAF Annual Meeting, 4/21/2018, Forest Soils in the Hogback Ecore- about how the next generation can’t do potheses about soil nutrients, glacial history, Bend, Oregon gion (fieldtrip 3), Bristol what we did. I disagree with that state- and defoliation emerged for rigorous experi- 4/21/2018, 2018 Tree School East, Baker City 4/30/2018, AMP training - Job closeout and ment. This next generation is more knowl- mental tests. Another example was the team 4/25/2018, The 2018 Starker Lecture Series Stream Crossings, Randolph edgeable than the last generation was, and of scientists and managers convened by the Lecture 2, Corvallis 5/3/2018, Vermont Arbor Day Conference, Montpelier the future generation will be more knowl- PA Bureau of Forestry to develop SILVAH 5/23/2018, The 2018 Starker Lecture Series edgeable than today’s. I think our future guidelines for oak regeneration starting in Lecture 3, Corvallis is in pretty good hands; we of the older 2000. The same team identified research d8@Q8:8"$ SOUTH CAROLINA generation just have to get out of the way gaps, and the Bureau has been able to pro- 5/1–4/2018, 2018 Virginia Forestry Summit a little bit to let it happen, and let them vide funding for much of the research to Brilliant Achievements, Bold Horizons, get after it. fill these gaps. Still another example is the 4/2/2018, Identification of Non-Native Invasive Species and Control Methods, Bamberg Richmond ongoing work examining how the pattern 4/12/2018, SC's Forestry Business Climate; Any last thoughts about range of forage-producing habitats around a silvi- Pitfalls and Liabilities, Columbia *"!N8:QMJ:$ management or opportunities for cultural treatment affects deer impact: Seven 5/9/2018, Joint Together for Natural Resource collaboration? different public and private land-manage- Education, Leesville 4/24/2018, 2018 OESF Science Conference, I’m hopeful this SAF-SRM agreement is go- ment organizations provided 25 different 5/11/2018, NC ProLogger Mod 18, Bennetts- Forks ing to be the trial balloon for both of our sites for the study, some conducting un- ville 5/3–4/2018, WA State Annual Meeting, Societies, and I hope we can quickly move planned shelterwood harvests to accommo- Longview on to bringing other sibling Societies into date the study. Through the five decades of SOUTH DAKOTA co-member benefit agreements. After all, collaborative work, Stout said, we have ad- WISCONSIN despite our differences, which are small, vanced science, improved management, and 4/12–13/2018, DSAF Spring Conference: New 4/5/2018, 2018 Statewide Cooperating Forester we’re all in the same game. We’re all gen- when we needed to, changed policy in our Technology in Forestry, Spearfish Meeting, Rothschild erally struggling with the same things and shared pursuit of sustainable management TENNESSEE 4/16–20/2018, 2017 Forest Vegetation Simula- maybe we should struggle together. a of forest resources. tor Training, Milwaukee For more information on SILVAH, visit 5/22/2018, 2018 SRS-FIA P2+ Training - Knox- 4/19/2018, 14th Annual Sustainable Forestry SAF seeks candidates for www.nrs.fs.fed.us/partners/silvah/. ville, Knoxville Conference, Florence Vice-President and three Submitted by Susan Stout, a research 5/5/2018, Tree Biology, Stevens Point, Wiscon- sin positions on the Board of Directors. project leader at the US Forest Service's North- ern Research Station. a 5/18/2018, Fundamentals of QGIS and Avenza See page 18. Maps, Stevens Point SAF People in the News Letters to the Editor 9"'-#2.+,'+)D"$./6")'/2"#,'-+5)+[%/),'/%%".*7+-4.&),-'20'+)3+?+3#/7'!BF' B5$&&M'U+-/5$&&M'94&'F"$&-,$0'!"#$%&'1&7%".&-'7&]&$-',"',4&'&3+,"$8'<&]&$-'7")- .&.2&$-E'%"),/%,'F"$&-,$0'!"#$%&'&3+,"$'!,&?&'N+7&),E'1+7&),-O-/D)&,8"$58'\7&/-&' 5&$',4/)'QII'1"$3-'./0'2&'%")-+3&$&3'+D'-*/%&'+-'/?/+7/27&8'!&)3'7&]&$-',"'!,&?&' +)%7#3&'4+54C$&-"7#6")'*4","-'14&)'/**$"*$+/,&8' N+7&),'/,'1+7&),-O-/D)&,8"$5'"$'JIJII' April 2018 21 %J:M8:H8:Q$=KH%"M8J:$%"[=:K"@ More Events at tinyurl.com/gnd78jh (www.eforester.org) Continuing education events for April and May 2018. SAF Continuing Forestry Education (CFE) credits are available at all events. Visit SAF’s Continuing Education Calendar at tinyurl.com/gnd78jh for more information on these events and others that may have been recently added to the list. Note the webinars at the top of the listings. CFE Providers: To obtain pre-approval of Continuing Forestry Education credits for an event, complete and submit the CFE Provider Application Form on the Certification & Education/Continuing Educa- tion page at eforester.org (or tinyurl.com/z2zqc3o). Submittal instructions are included on the form. CFE Post Approval for Individuals: If an event was not preapproved for CFE credit, SAF will evaluate the meeting on an individual basis. This service is available to members and SAF-certified profes- sionals at no cost; non-members are assessed an annual fee of $30. To apply, complete and submit the CFE Post Approval Form on the Certification & Education/Continuing Education page at eforester. org (or tinyurl.com/z2zqc3o). Submittal instructions are included on the form. WEBINARS 5/24/2018, Invasive Forest Pests Early Detec- 4/20/2018, Advanced BMPs, Dorchester 4/2–27/2018, Advanced Silviculture for the tor Training, Lawrenceburg 4/23/2018, Fundamentals of Forestry, Lake States (online course) Tamworth FIA National 4/4/2018, The USDA Climate Hubs: FY18 KENTUCKY 4/24/2018, Logger First Aid, Campton Priorities and Activities 4/25/2018, NH Timber Harvesting Law, H)'($Q(3/L$ 4/10/2018, Fish Health Starts on Land 4/10–12/2018, Kentucky Forest Industries As- Campton 4/17/2018, The Physiology of Tree Responses sociation 2018 Annual Meeting, Louisville 4/26/2018, Fundamentals of Forestry, Hills- to Drought borough Meeting: April 5/1/2018, Logger First Aid, Colebrook 4/18/2018, Farmbeats: An Emerging Farm LOUISIANA Level Communication Technology 5/2/2018, Logger First Aid, Madison 22 The Forestry Source CLASSIFIEDS Min Education: BA/BS/Undergraduate Posted: March 23, 2018 Forester Min Experience: 2-3 Years Industry: Forestry Consulting Employer: Emporium Hardwoods From the SAF Location: Emporium, Pennsylvania Assistant Professor- Forest Management Operations Forester Job ID: 29691352 Career Center and Profitability Employer: American Forest Management Posted: March 13, 2018 For the complete listing of Employer: Clemson University Location: Milford, Maine these and other ads, visit Location: Clemson, South Carolina Job ID: 40079989 Forest Health Specialist http://careercenter.eforester.org Job ID: 39818834 Posted: March 23, 2018 Employer: Nebraska Forest Service Posted: March 8, 2018 Industry: Forestry Consulting Location: Lincoln, Nebraska Assistant Professor – Job ID: 39892658 Outreach/Extension Silviculture Forestry Crew Lead - Plumas National Instructor: Natural Resources Technology Posted: March 12, 2018 Employer: University of Georgia Warnell Forest Employer: Mt. Hood Community College Job Type: Full-Time School of Forestry & Natural Resources Employer: Great Basin Institute Location: Gresham, Oregon Min Education: BA/BS/Undergraduate Location: Tifton, Georgia Location: Quincy, California / Nevada Job ID: 40041246 Required Travel: 10-25% Job ID: 40080751 Job ID: 39796954 Posted: March 21, 2018 Posted: March 23, 2018 Posted: March 8, 2018 Job Type: Full-Time Job Function: Forest Technician Min Education: Master's Degree Forester Job Type: Full-Time The Davey Tree Employer: Timber Products Co. Job Duration: 3-6 Months District Forester Location: Yreka, California Min Education: BA/BS/Undergraduate Employer: Sierra Pacific Industries =2L'(7$%34L?09 Job ID: 36213414 Min Experience: 0-1 Year Location: Bellingham, Washington Posted: March 22, 2018 Required Travel: 25-50% Job ID: 40040700 These are a small selection of the em- Min Education: BA/BS/Undergraduate Posted: March 21, 2018 ployment ads by The Davey Tree Ex- Assistant Professor- Forest Invasive Species Min Education: BA/BS/Undergraduate Min Experience: 3-5 Years pert Company in the SAF Career Cen- Management Min Experience: 3-5 Years ter, careercenter.eforester.org. Timber Investment Analyst Employer: Clemson University Employer: Green Diamond Resource Co. Location: Clemson, South Carolina Forest Technician 2 Consulting Utility Forester/ Transmission Location: Seattle, Washington Job ID: 39796377 Employer: Alpine Land Information Services Work Planner Job ID: 40012244 Posted: March 7, 2018 Location: Redding, California Location: Morgantown, West Virginia Posted: March 19, 2018 Job Type: Full-Time Job ID: 40022022 Job ID: 39785065 Min Education: BA/BS/Undergraduate Posted: March 20, 2018 Posted: March 7, 2018 Min Experience: 2-3 Years Forestry Instructor Job Function: Forest Technician Required Travel: 10-25% Employer: Umpqua Community College Job Type: Temporary Location: Roseburg, Oregon Foreman/Crew Leader - Utility Location: Placerville, California Senior Forester Job ID: 39706969 Resource Forester Job ID: 39785057 Employer: Green Diamond Management Co. Posted: March 2, 2018 Employer: Missouri Department of Conservation Posted: March 7, 2018 Location: Meridian, Mississippi Job Type: Full-Time Location: Piedmont/Van Buren, Missouri Job ID: 40012225 Min Education: Master's Degree Job ID: 39942419 Posted: March 19, 2018 Posted: March 15, 2018 Min Education: BA/BS/Undergraduate Vice President, Forestry Programs Min Experience: 5-7 Years Employer: National Council for Air & Stream Required Travel: 25-50% Improvement, Inc. CEO, Society of American Foresters Location: Cary, North Carolina Senior Forester Job ID: 39258269 Employment Announcement Employer: Green Diamond Management Co. Posted: March 2, 2018 Location: South Carolina Min Education: Ph.D. Job ID: 40012222 Min Experience: 5-7 Years Posted: March 19, 2018 Required Travel: 25-50% Min Education: BA/BS/Undergraduate Min Experience: 5-7 Years Director Required Travel: 25-50% Employer: Idaho Department of Lands Location: Boise, Idaho Director of Southern Silviculture Job ID: 39688579 ! & Regeneration Posted: March 1, 2018 Employer: Weyerhaeuser Job Function: Other ! Location: Hot Springs, Arkansas ! Job ID: 40011784 Seasonal Forester Posted: March 19, 2018 Employer: Stimson Lumber Company ! Min Education: BA/BS/Undergraduate Location: Newport, Washington ! Min Experience: Over 10 Years Job ID: 39655486 ! Required Travel: 25-50% Posted: February 27, 2018 Job Type: Full-Time ! Wildfire Mitigation Program Specialist Job Duration: 6-12 Months Employer: Colorado State University Min Experience: 2-3 Years ! Location: Fort Collins, Colorado Job ID: 39960285 Landowner Engagement and Outreach ! Posted: March 13, 2018 Manager Min Education: BA/BS/Undergraduate Employer: Colorado State University Min Experience: 3-5 Years Location: Fort Collins, Colorado ! Required Travel: 10-25% Job ID: 39644613 Posted: February 26, 2018 Forester Min Education: BA/BS/Undergraduate ! Employer: Hampton Lumber Min Experience: 1-2 Years Location: Chehalis, Washington Job ID: 39892890 Forester III (District Forester) Posted: March 12, 2018 Employer: Oklahoma Forestry Services ! Min Education: Associates Degree Location: Wilburton/Tahlequah/Jay, Oklahoma Min Experience: None Job ID: 37747242 Required Travel: 10-25% Posted: January 11, 2018 Min Experience: 2-3 Years Silviculture Forester Employer: Stimson Lumber Company Operations Forester Location: Libby, Montana Employer: American Forest Management Job ID: 39840845 Location: Farmington, Maine Posted: March 9, 2018 Job ID: 40080025 April 2018 23 organizations. Canada andintotalinvolvecollaborationof45different Grant Program. Theseprojects are basedintheUSand andCommunityPartnershipsthe SFIConservation States are amongtheprojects awarded fundingthrough best managementprograms United inthesoutheastern in BritishColumbia,andmonitoringofstateforestry Improving caribouhabitat,managingsteelheadtrout Grants SFI Conservation not haveconfirmedEABsightings. remaining statesinthenortheastUnitedStatesthatdo are ash.Currently, MaineandRhodeIslandare thetwo mont’s OrangeCounty. About5percent ofVermont’s trees firmed thepresence ofemeraldashborer (EAB)in Ver- In lateFebruary, theUSDepartmentofAgriculture con- Emerald AshBorer Spreads toAnotherState #3(')7(9$:';)$5(34$?(3/0-$7&'$:?7+30 in Louisiana,Minnesota,andNewHampshire. TheCana- detections inallofGeorgia’s 96counties,aswellcounties per theEmeraldAshBorer InformationNetwork,include courage forestandsoundmanage- health,conservation change mitigation,waterqualityandbiodiversity, toen- in 2016and“focusesondevelopingmetricsforclimate andconsumersalike.” conservationists outcomesinmanagedforests,of conservation tobenefit These projects promise tobuildcriticalunderstanding engagement withlandownerscertifiedtoSFIStandards. grantees tobuildpartnershipsandfacilitatemeaningful great strengths istheactiverole wetakeinworkingwith (Sustainable ForestryInitiative).“Oneofourprogram’s sues,” saidPaulTrianosky, officer chiefconservation atSFI is- ganizations andcoverawiderarrayofconservation found inQuebecandNewHampshire. tine area totheMaineborder becauseofnewinfestations dian FoodInspectionAgencyalsoexpandeditsquaran- “Every year,“Every grantsreach ourconservation more or- Other recent2018,as EABupdatessinceFebruary The SFI Conservation ImpactProjectThe SFIConservation waslaunched News for forest resource professionals published by the Society of American Foresters 10100 Laureate Way, Bethesda, MD 20814 • www.eforester.org April 2018 • Vol. 23 • No. 4 www.eforester.org/store AldoLeopold The Works of and Curt Meine and Curt Edited by JedMeunier TOWARD ADURABLESCALEOF VALUES ON FORESTRY ANDCONSERVATION: ALDO LEOPOLD E/P,+>$[?0-$7&(''$9'?()$?13D$M&'$H!$#3(')7$!'(I+>'$L/(>&?)'-$7&'$,?0-$53($jW$4+,,+30D$E&373$P9$A?9$Q33-(+>&C$A?9133-(+>&D>34D ?0-$0'?(,9$7&(''$4+,')$35$7&'$Q(3)$d'07('$@+I'(D$M&'$(?0>&$;?)$L('I+3/),9$3;0'-$P9$53(4'($H!$)'0?73($N'(P$R3&,C$KS*+)DC$?0-$-30 *934+01V)$G(+-1'(SM'730$:?7+30?,$#3(')7$03;$+0>,/-')$7&'$HLL'($Q(3)$d'07('$@+I'($@?0>&C$;&3)'$aag$?>(')$+0>,/-'$)+2$&'?-;?7'($7 com/y7qxrf93. oftheprojects,ment.” Forasummary visithttps://tinyurl. Kohl, D-Wis., anddonatedtotheTrust forPublic Land Ranch, previously ownedbyformerUSsenatorHerb er Yellowstone ecosystem.TheUpperGros Ventre River nearly 1,000acres offormerlyprivatelandintheGreat- Wyoming’s Bridger-Teton NationalForest now includes Bridger-Teton NFExpands A Collection of HisResearch andPerspectivesA Collectionof $35.95nonmembers $30.95 Meine, this book isthe perfect edition to every forester’s library. With new introductions for allmaterial, and edited by Jed Meunier and Curt Scale of Values SAF’s new book http://bit.ly/2EluoP3 See a special preview and the table of contents at: contentsat: See aspecialpreview andthetableof features 46of Leopold’s scientific findings and perspectives. Aldo Leopold on Forestry and Conservation: Toward aDurable and Water Fund. Conservation for$3million,withfundingprovidedService bytheLand three yearsago,wasrecently purchased bytheUSForest and threepositions ontheBoardofDirectors. SAFmembers SAF seekscandidatesfor Vice-President See page18. a ?7'-$73$7&'$M(/)7$53($ (+P/7?(9$)9)7'4)$