ODNR Division of Geological Survey Dunkleosteus Sculpture Project Site Information

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ODNR Division of Geological Survey Dunkleosteus Sculpture Project Site Information The Dunkleosteus sculpture will be located in the Devonian Period section of the Geological Walk Through Time (“Geo Walk”) exhibit in the Natural Resources Park at the Ohio EXPO & State Fairgrounds, as shown in the following photos and illustrations. Aerial view of Natural Resources Park w/in Ohio State Fairgrounds; Geo Walk exhibit is labeled. Geo Walk Exhibit Zoomed-in aerial view of Geo Walk exhibit; Dunkleosteus sculpture location is labeled. Dunkleosteus location Two ground views of location for Dunkleosteus sculpture w/in Geo Walk exhibit. Sample Image of Modern Great White Shark Breaching The following image of a Great White shark breaching is provided here as a reference for inspiration in designing the Dunkleosteus sculpture at the Geo Walk. Note the back half/tail of the shark is submerged. Photo credit: © Morne Hardenberg. Accessed at Smithsonian Ocean website, https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/sharks-rays/photo-sequence-great-white-shark-hunting ODNR Division of Geological Survey Dunkleosteus Sculpture Project Scientific Info & Sample Representations The Dunkleosteus sculpture will be located in the Devonian Period section of the Geological Walk Through Time (“Geo Walk”) exhibit in the Natural Resources Park at the Ohio State Fairgrounds. The following images and publication provide information about the fish and represent other known sculptures. The article at the following URL was published on the ODNR Division of Geological Survey website on July 31, 2019: https://ohiodnr.gov/wps/wcm/connect/gov/2845c312-f19d-4592-a469-c9ce560332a4/July_31_2019- Fishing+for+Dunkleosteus.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=nqcr2rB An excellent example of an award-winning Dunkleosteus sculpture was produced by Esben Horn of 10 Tons studio (Denmark) for a museum exhibit. Screen shot from the 10 tons website is below. Additional images and info are available at www.10tons.dk/dunkleosteus. Following are two photos of the Dunkleosteus sculpture located inside the nature center at the Rocky River Reservation, North Olmsted, Ohio. These images offer a good depiction of the Dunkleosteus’ relative size Photo courtesy of Cleveland.com Following are two photos of the Dunkleosteus sculpture exhibited at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. A duplicate of this sculpture also is on display at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. .

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FISHING for DUNKLEOSTEUS You’Re Definitely Gonna Need a Bigger Boat by Mark Peter
OOhhiioo GGeeoollooggyy EEXXTTRRAA July 31, 2019 FISHING FOR DUNKLEOSTEUS You’re definitely gonna need a bigger boat by Mark Peter At an estimated maximum length of 6 to 8.8 meters (20–29 sediments that eroded from the Acadian Mountains, combined feet), Dunkleosteus terrelli (Fig. 1) would have been a match for with abundant organic matter from newly evolved land plants even the Hollywood-sized great white shark from the and marine plankton, settled in the basin as dark organic movie Jaws. Surfers, scuba divers, and swimmers can relax, muds. Over millions of years, accumulation of additional however, because Dunkleosteus has been extinct for nearly 360 overlying sediments compacted the muds into black shale rock. million years. Dunkleosteus was a placoderm, a type of armored The rocks that formed from the Late Devonian seafloor fish, that lived during the Late Devonian Period from about sediments (along with fossils of Dunkleosteus) arrived at their 375–359 million years ago. Fossil remains of the large present location of 41 degrees north latitude after several species Dunkleosteus terrelli are present in the Cleveland hundred million years of slow plate tectonic movement as the Member of the Ohio Shale, which contains rocks that are North American Plate moved northward. approximately 360–359 million years old. Figure 1. A reconstruction of a fully-grown Dunkleosteus terrelli, assuming a length of 29 feet, with angler for scale. Modified from illustration by Hugo Salais of Metazoa Studio. Dunkleosteus cruised Late Devonian seas and oceans as an Figure 2. Paleogeographic reconstruction of eastern North America during apex predator, much like the great white shark of today.
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'Placoderm' (Arthrodira)
Jobbins et al. Swiss J Palaeontol (2021) 140:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-020-00212-w Swiss Journal of Palaeontology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A large Middle Devonian eubrachythoracid ‘placoderm’ (Arthrodira) jaw from northern Gondwana Melina Jobbins1* , Martin Rücklin2, Thodoris Argyriou3 and Christian Klug1 Abstract For the understanding of the evolution of jawed vertebrates and jaws and teeth, ‘placoderms’ are crucial as they exhibit an impressive morphological disparity associated with the early stages of this process. The Devonian of Morocco is famous for its rich occurrences of arthrodire ‘placoderms’. While Late Devonian strata are rich in arthrodire remains, they are less common in older strata. Here, we describe a large tooth-bearing jaw element of Leptodontich- thys ziregensis gen. et sp. nov., an eubrachythoracid arthrodire from the Middle Devonian of Morocco. This species is based on a large posterior superognathal with a strong dentition. The jawbone displays features considered syna- pomorphies of Late Devonian eubrachythoracid arthrodires, with one posterior and one lateral row of conical teeth oriented postero-lingually. μCT-images reveal internal structures including pulp cavities and dentinous tissues. The posterior orientation of the teeth and the traces of a putative occlusal contact on the lingual side of the bone imply that these teeth were hardly used for feeding. Similar to Compagopiscis and Plourdosteus, functional teeth were pos- sibly present during an earlier developmental stage and have been worn entirely. The morphological features of the jaw element suggest a close relationship with plourdosteids. Its size implies that the animal was rather large. Keywords: Arthrodira, Dentition, Food web, Givetian, Maïder basin, Palaeoecology Introduction important to reconstruct character evolution in early ‘Placoderms’ are considered as a paraphyletic grade vertebrates.
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Redescription of Yinostius Major (Arthrodira: Heterostiidae) from the Lower Devonian of China, and the Interrelationships of Brachythoraci
bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015. With 10 ﬁgures Redescription of Yinostius major (Arthrodira: Heterostiidae) from the Lower Devonian of China, and the interrelationships of Brachythoraci YOU-AN ZHU1,2, MIN ZHU1* and JUN-QING WANG1 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Received 29 December 2014; revised 21 August 2015; accepted for publication 23 August 2015 Yinosteus major is a heterostiid arthrodire (Placodermi) from the Lower Devonian Jiucheng Formation of Yunnan Province, south-western China. A detailed redescription of this taxon reveals the morphology of neurocranium and visceral side of skull roof. Yinosteus major shows typical heterostiid characters such as anterodorsally positioned small orbits and rod-like anterior lateral plates. Its neurocranium resembles those of advanced eubrachythoracids rather than basal brachythoracids, and provides new morphological aspects in heterostiids. Phylogenetic analysis based on parsimony was conducted using a revised and expanded data matrix. The analysis yields a novel sce- nario on the brachythoracid interrelationships, which assigns Heterostiidae (including Heterostius ingens and Yinosteus major) as the sister group of Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus. The resulting phylogenetic scenario suggests that eubrachythoracids underwent a rapid diversiﬁcation during the Emsian, representing the placoderm response to the Devonian Nekton Revolution. The instability of the relationships between major eubrachythoracid clades might have a connection to their longer ghost lineages than previous scenarios have implied. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015 doi: 10.1111/zoj.12356 ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Brachythoraci – Heterostiidae – morphology – phylogeny – Placodermi.
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Family-Group Names of Fossil Fishes
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Fossil Fishes (Arthrodira and Acanthodida) from the Upper Devonian Chadakoin Formation of Erie County, Pennsylvania1
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Comments on Distribution and Taphonomy of Devonian Placoderms in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
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Fusion in the Vertebral Column of the Pachyosteomorph Arthrodire Dunkleosteus Terrelli (‘Placodermi’)
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A Redescription of Kiangyousteus Yohii (Arthrodira: Eubrachythoraci) from the Middle Devonian of China, with Remarks on the Systematics of the Eubrachythoraci
bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 169, 798–819. With 11 figures A redescription of Kiangyousteus yohii (Arthrodira: Eubrachythoraci) from the Middle Devonian of China, with remarks on the systematics of the Eubrachythoraci YOU-AN ZHU1,2 and MIN ZHU1* 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Received 14 June 2013; revised 6 September 2013; accepted for publication 9 September 2013 Kiangyousteus yohii Liu, 1955, is a eubrachythoracid arthrodire fish (Placodermi) from the Middle Devonian Guanwu Formation of south-western China. Although Kiangyousteus was the first arthrodire described in China, its phylogenetic position within the Eubrachythoraci remained uncertain because of a lack of diagnostic data in previous studies. A detailed redescription of this taxon reveals similarities to Dunkleosteus terrelli in the possession of transverse articular facets on the parasphenoid and the lack of adsymphyseal denticles on the anterior supragnathal. Our phylogenetic analysis assigned K. yohii to the family Dunkleosteidae, which includes Eastmanosteus calliaspis, Eastmanosteus pustulosus, Golshanichthys asiatica, Heterostius ingens, Xiangshuiosteus wui, and Dunkleosteus. The analysis also yielded several new scenarios on eubrachythoracid interrelationships, notably the sister-group relationship between
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