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Environmental Assessment Frostfire Prescribed Burn BLM Northern

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Environmental Assessment Frostfire Prescribed Burn BLM Northern Environmental Assessment of the Frostfire Prescribed Burn BLM Northern Field Office 1150 University Avenue Fairbanks, AK. 99709 BLM Alaska Fire Service P.O. Box 35005 Ft. Wainwright, AK. 99703 No. AK-AFS-EA-99-AA03 April 5, 1999 2 I. Introduction The Bureau of Land Management-Alaska Fire Service (BLM-AFS) proposes to assist in conducting a prescribed burn to meet objectives of the Frostfire Project funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). BLM-AFS has prepared a Burn Plan (Wilmore, et. al., 1998) (See Attachment A) for approval by the University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF) and the State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources (ADNR). BLM-AFS would provide the Incident Commander/Burn Boss and other key positions for burn operation, and provide all command and safety functions during the operation. The research watershed selected for the prescribed burn is the C-4 subwatershed of the Caribou- Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) (See Map A) which is part of the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Site (See Map B) operated by UAF. BLM-AFS would prepare the C-4 watershed for burning, including developing and constructing helispots, fuel breaks and access trails. BLM-AFS would also provide personnel and equipment during preburn, burn, and mopup operations. The Frostfire Project is a cooperative effort between UAF, the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW), ADNR, the Canadian Forestry Service, and BLM-AFS. A Memorandum of Understanding (# PNW 98-5124-2-MOU) was signed by all parties in May and June, 1998 to formalize Frostfire cooperative efforts. The Frostfire Project would be a continuation of international fire research activities under the International Boreal Forest Research Association Stand Replacement Fire Working Group, and as part of the LTER program. A. Purpose and Need The primary purpose of the prescribed burn is to further research on the effects of fire relating to climate change, carbon cycling, habitat changes, and increased understanding of fire behavior. The C-4 watershed has been the site of on-going ecological research for approximately 20 years. The prescribed fire within the watershed would permit a variety of research activities on the effects of fire on catchment hydrologic response, permafrost thermal regimes, landscape stability, water quality, stream biota, regeneration and succession of terrestrial and riparian vegetation, fire dynamics, and fire emissions. In addition, results from the Frostfire Project could aid land managers by improving predictions on how wildfires will behave. The Frostfire Project could also enable land managers to minimize some of the negative effects of wildfires, such as erosion and visual impacts. The Department of Fish and Game should be able to improve their predictions on the effects of fire on wildlife habitat and be better able to use prescribed burns to improve wildlife habitat. B. Land Use Plan Conformance Statement The Frostfire project proposed action is in compliance with the applicable land use plans listed 3 below: 1. The Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed Plan 2. Upper Yukon-Tanana Interagency Fire Management Plan. U.S. Department of the Interior-Bureau of Land Management 3. Alaska Wildland Fire Management Plan, Amended October, 1998 4. Tanana Basin Area Plan for State Lands, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Adopted 1985, Updated 1991 In addition, the proposed action is consistent with federal, state, and local laws and regulations to the maximum extent possible. C. Land Status The State of Alaska Division of Lands and the University of Alaska, Fairbanks own and manage the land involved in the Frostfire Project. The burn area is located in sections 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, and 23, T. 4 N., R. 1 E., Fairbanks Meridian. II. Proposed Action and Alternatives The proposed action and alternatives were developed by incorporating input from the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, BLM-AFS, and the public through public scoping meetings. A. Proposed Action - Alternative 1 - Implement Frostfire Project Prescribed Burn BLM-AFS would assist UAF and other cooperators by writing a Burn Plan (completed) and by planning and implementing the Frostfire Prescribed Burn. The Frostfire Project would consist of a prescribed burn of approximately 2200 acres in the C-4 subwatershed of the CPCRW. The burn would be implemented over a four to five-day continuous period, (if weather and prescription conditions permit) between the dates of June 23 and August 1, 1999-2000. The perimeter of the burn would be blacklined and ignited by hand, with mop-up crews working directly behind the lighting crews. Most of the interior of the watershed would be ignited by aerial ignition, primarily with a helitorch. Aerial ignition would not take place until the fireline perimeter had been secured. A support helibase would be located at the Poker Flats Rocket Range on the Steese Highway in section 35, T. 4 N., R. 1 E., Fairbanks Meridian. It would consist of two landing pads with ample room for helitorch barrel exchanges. The fuel truck would be located there, as would the camp for the air operations and aerial firing staff. The Helibase would be used 7 or more days by up to 20 people. A campsite/staging area for ground crews would be established in sections 25 and 36, T. 4 N., R. 1 E., Fairbanks Meridian, on the south side of the bridge crossing the Chatanika River leading to the burn area. The staging area would support 25 to 100 personnel for 7 or more days. Approximately seven miles of ridgeline surrounding the C-4 watershed received a fuel break treatment consisting of clearing a 40 to 80 foot area with chainsaws during September, 1997. The 4 conifer slash, consisting primarily of black spruce, was hand-piled and burned. This work was completed under an approved ADNR land use permit. The permit specified that the purpose of the fuel break was to augment wildland fire protection to Haystack Subdivision and full protection areas to the south of the C-4 watershed. Fire protection of these areas was achieved regardless if the experimental Frostfire Project prescribed burn occurs or not. Prior to burning the entire C-4 watershed, wet-line (water application) would be applied to areas immediately outside the perimeter, with priority on the west side. The prescribed burn would only be implemented under the approved Burn Plan. Close monitoring of weather, fuel moisture, and regional fire danger conditions would begin 1-2 months prior to proposed burn dates and continue until after the burn. This monitoring would provide input to support the go/no-go decision as to whether the C-4 watershed is in prescription to address fire effects (smoke impacts and safety concerns) and to meet the overall science objectives identified in the Frostfire project proposal. All preparation work would be done by BLM-AFS. A burn boss (overall supervisor of prescribed burn implementation) would be appointed by BLM-AFS. The burn boss would be responsible for timing, execution, and release of the burn until the Alaska Department of Natural Resources takes over in the mop-up stage. According to the Frostfire risk analysis in the Burn Plan, the prescribed burn represents a low to moderate risk for escape, due to ignition methods used and the proximity to and resources available to prevent or contain an escaped fire. Rapid response by firing and holding crews should extinguish any slopover fires resulting from firing operations. In the event slopover fires are not controlled by hand crews, dipsites for helicopter buckets have been identified in the Chatanika River and in ponds located along the Steese Highway. In the event that holding resources are inadequate for control, an emergency wildfire situation would be declared. Retardant tankers and other emergency firefighting resources would be mobilized from the BLM-AFS base at Ft Wainwright and be available for emergency response. Fire escapement and contingency plans are detailed in the Frostfire Burn Plan. Post-fire operations would include a 300 ft perimeter mop-up and daily foot and aerial perimeter patrols until all fire danger is passed. Equipment would be removed and camps rehabbed and policed for trash. B. Alternative 2 - No Action Alternative Under the No Action Alternative, BLM-AFS would not assist the State of Alaska in conducting the Frostfire Project. C. Alternative 3 - Wait for natural (lightning) or human-caused fires to burn the proposed area. The C-4 watershed falls under the modified protection option of the Upper-Yukon Tanana Fire Alaska Interagency Fire Management Plan. Under this fire management strategy, a natural or 5 human-caused fire could be allowed to burn the C-4 watershed as long as the fire was monitored and no special resources or improvements were threatened. However, under this strategy, the area could not be guaranteed to burn under the desired conditions of fuel moisture and weather conditions to meet science objectives. Prescheduling of a research fire is necessary to allow monitoring personnel to prepare instrumentation, be present during the fire, and make post-burn measurements immediately after the fire. Therefore, because natural fire would be unlikely to achieve the stated scientific objectives in a reasonable amount of time, this alternative is not considered further. III. Affected Environment A. General Setting The CPCRW is located 25 miles north of Fairbanks, Alaska and is a relatively pristine, 104- square kilometer basin reserved for meteorological, hydrologic, and ecological research. Currently, there is no human influence on the basin other than scientific research. CPCRW has continuous records of climate and hydrology since 1969 and atmospheric deposition records since 1992. CPCRW is the only research watershed in the United States in a zone of discontinuous permafrost, where permafrost temperatures are close to 0 degrees centigrade.
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