October 3, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23093 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS EVENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA suffer and to risk losing their jobs while THE GALLUP ORGANIZATION, INC., sanctions and boycotts are used against MARKETING AND ATTITUDE RESEARCH, South Africa." Princeton, NJ, August 3, 1989. HON. DAN BURTON Concerning the expected reaction of the Hon. HOWARD WOLPE, OF INDIANA South African government to sanctions im­ Chairman, Subcommittee on Africa, Com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES posed by foreign governments, eight in ten mittee on Foreign Affairs, Washington, Tuesday, October 3, 1989 South Africans, including 77% of blacks, DC. think their government will make only a DEAR CHAIRMAN WOLPE: The Gallup poll Mr. BURTON of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, our few small changes <43%> or no changes of South Africans on the issues of sanctions collective attention is focused these days, as <36%) in its apartheid policy. Only 16% be­ and divestment referred to in your July it should be, on events in South Africa. We lieve sanctions will lead the government to lOth memorandum to Members of the are all, I believe, united in our firm opposition end apartheid. Approximately the same pro­ House of Representatives, was conducted by to apartheid. We all want to see South Africa portion <17%>. see sanctions as a very suc­ the Gallup Organization, Inc. headquar­ move toward a post-apartheid, nonracial, cessful means of changing the apartheid tered in Princeton, New Jersey in conjunc­ policies of South Africa. One-third, on the tion with Markinor, the South African affil· democratic future. But we have a lively debate iate of Gallup International, on behalf of going about the best means to achieve that other hand, including the majority of the South African Chamber of Mines, the goal. whites, believe a policy of sanctions would mining industry trade association. Many of my colleagues support further not be at all successful in this regard. An· I was responsible for overall management sanctions. But the evidence is that sanctions other third believe sanctions can only be of the project including questionnaire devel­ somewhat successful in forcing change. do not work and that further sanctions would opment, sample design and analysis of the Opinion regarding divestment by foreign survey results. I personally share your ab­ inflict great hardship and suffering upon the corporations follows the same pattern as blacks of South Africa. The evidence is over­ horrence of apartheid, and I am certainly that regarding sanctions. Eighty-three per­ aware of the sensitive nature of the project. whelming that blacks of all walks of life in cent think overseas companies should not We have, therefore, taken great care to South Africa are firmly opposed to sanctions leave South Africa because this is not a ensure that the questions were written for these reasons. I commend to my col­ good way to fight apartheid. Sixteen per­ fairly and that the survey method would leagues' attention the executive summary of a cent believe companies should divest be­ produce an accurate representation of black recent Gallup poll of South African blacks, cause the South African government does public opinion in South Africa. I believe we and a letter from the vice president of Gallup not want companies to leave and will be per­ have been successful in both regards. to the chairman of the Africa Subcommittee. suaded to end apartheid if they do. Eight­ Our survey of South Africans, conducted een percent of blacks compared to only 7% in March of this year, indicates strong oppo­ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF SURVEY FINDINGS of whites agree that divestment will force sition to economic sanctions imposed on In fact, the survey shows that South Afri­ equally strong opposition to the idea of for­ A Gallup survey of South Africans con­ cans believe there is an important role to be eign divestment of corporate investment in ducted in March 1989, indicates strong op­ played by foreign corporations operating in South Africa. South Africans overwhelming­ position to economic sanctions imposed on South Africa. A substantial majority <58%> ly believe that sanctions <84%> and divest­ South Africa by foreign governments and of South Africans, including 51% of whites ment (85%> are bad ideas, and blacks and equally strong opposition to the idea of for­ and 59% of blacks, think that American whites are equally likely to hold these views. eign divestment of corporate investment in companies in South Africa can help make The possibility that sanctions and divest­ South Africa. South Africans overwhelming­ the government change away from apart­ ment will lead to higher unemployment and ly believe that sanctions <84%) and divest­ heid. poverty is the reason most frequently given ment <85%> are bad ideas, and blacks and The negative aspect of the withdrawal of for thinking such policies are a bad idea. whites are equally likely to hold these views. an American corporate presence in South Despite the strength of opposition to The possibility that sanctions and divest­ Africa is reflected by the three-quarters, in­ sanctions among blacks there are approxi­ ment will lead to higher unemployment and cluding 84% of whites and 73% of blacks, mately one in six who believe sanctions are poverty is the reason most frequently given who believe ending American business oper­ a good idea. The largest proportion of this for thinking such policies are a bad idea. ations would have a bad effect on the lives group holds this opinion because they be­ Despite the strength of opposition to of blacks in that country. lieve such a policy will pressure their gov­ sanctions among blacks there are approxi­ Nearly three-quarters (73%) think that ernment to abolish apartheid. mately one in six who believe sanctions are ending American business operations would Backing for sanctions is strongest among a good idea. The largest proportion of this seriously hurt the South African economy. blacks who told us they support the ANC group holds this opinion because they be­ This view is more prevalent among blacks (35%> or the UDF (31%>. Support is also lieve such a policy will pressure their gov­ <77%) than among whites (50%). Among greater among blacks who live in urban ernment to abolish apartheid. areas compared to rural (25% vs 12%> and When respondents are posed with a varie­ whites, 45% think such action by American among those who are best informed politi­ ty of scenerios concerning the consequences companies will hurt their economy only a cally compared to those who are less knowl­ of sanctions, the basis for and degree of op­ little. edgeable <30% vs 10%>. But it should also be position to sanctions is evident. Approxi­ While six in ten (60%> think divestment noted that 65% or more of blacks in each of mately six in ten blacks, for example, would will seriously hurt the strength of the these groups say they believe sanctions are oppose all sanctions even if such sanctions South African government, this view is most a "bad idea" . two-thirds of the black population given a the strength of the government only a little Contrary to your assertion that we failed more stringent condition that "many people (42%> or not at all (37%). to permit South Africans to react to or would lose their jobs" is introduced. Majorities of South Africans believe "vote for" conditioned sanctions, that was Given the possibility that the respondent American business activity: contributes to a precisely the point of the survey. You will might lose his or her own job because of higher standard of living for black South see in reviewing the enclosed report of sanctions, more than three-quarters of all Africans <78%>; provides black workers with survey results that we have asked numerous South Africians, including 93% of whites good jobs that would not otherwise exist questions about support for sanctions and and 76% of blacks, would oppose sanctions. <74%>; does not contribute to the misuse of divestment in the real world context of how The negative response to sanctions is also black workers <60%>; does not help to con­ they might affect actions of the South Afri­ evident among the 73% of blacks who dis· tinue racial segregation and discrimination can government and how they might affect agree that non-whites are "prepared to (58%>. the people of South Africa.

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 23094 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1989 When respondents are posed with a varie­ spring of 1988. The field work was sched­ fortunate in this country to become contribut­ ty of scenarios concerning the consequences uled for March 1989, in preparation for re­ ing members of society. of sanctions, the basis for and degree of op­ lease of the results in May. While we could position to sanctions is evident. Approxi­ not have known at the outset that Rev. mately six in ten blacks, for example, would Boesak and Bishop Tutu would visit Wash­ THAT'S THE AMERICAN WAY­ oppose all sanctions even if such sanctions ington in May, release of the results was THAT'S THE FARMER'S WAY might cause the government to resign timed so that an accounting of public opin­ within five years. Opposition increases to ion would be part of the debate over sanc­ two-thirds of the black population given a tions. HON. E de Ia GARZA more stringent condition that "many people I would be happy to answer any questions OF TEXAS would lose their jobs" is introduced. you might have about our report or the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Given the possibility that the respondent project. might lose his or her own job because of Sincerely, Tuesday, October 3, 1989 sanctions, more than three-quarters of all NEIL UPMEYER, Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, last month South Africans, including 93% of whites and Vice President. a trainload of generosity arrived at the railroad 76% of blacks, would oppose sanctions. The station in the small city of George West, TX, negative response to sanctions is also evi­ dent among the 73% of blacks who disagree DR. STANLEY IRZINSKI AP­ in my 15th Congressional District. that non-whites are "prepared to suffer and PLAUDED FOR HIS COMMIT­ Five rail cars were carrying 85 tons of rolled to risk losing their jobs while sanctions and MENT TO THE DISABLED hay grown and cut in the northern part of boycotts are used against South Africa." Texas. These five carloads were the first of a Concerning the expected reaction of the HON. PAUL E. KANJORSKI planned 22-rail car shipment to south Texas South African government to sanctions im­ totaling about 700 tons of hay. Every speck of posed by foreign governments, eight in ten OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it was donated by producers in north Texas South Africans, including 77% of blacks, anxious to help their fellow producers to the think their government will make only a Tuesday, October 3, 1989 few small changes (43%> or no changes south. (36%> in its apartheid policy. Only 16% be­ Mr. KANJORSKI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today For nearly 3 years, uncommonly dry weath­ lieve sanctions will lead the government to to pay tribute to Dr. Stanley lrzinski, to recog­ er has turned into severe drought in south end apartheid. Approximately the same pro­ nize his many career achievements and, most Texas. Livestock producers were looking to portion <17%>. see sanctions as a very suc­ importantly, to recognize his great sense of the sky for signs of hay to help feed their ani­ cessful means of changing the apartheid community service. mals. When they focused their vision on the policies of South Africa. One-third, on the Dr. lrzinski graduated from Wilkes College in railroad tracks, they saw the hay coming from other hand, including the majority of Wilkes-Barre, PA, and Pennsylvania State Uni­ their brethern in the north of Texas where wet whites, believe a policy of sanctions would weather has resulted in an abundance of hay. not be at all successful in this regard. An­ versity as a doctor of education in counseling other third believe sanctions can only be and rehabilitation. He is currently administrator The Texas Farm Bureau organized this im­ somewhat successful in forcing change. of United Rehabilitation Services, Inc. [URS], pressive hay donation program and we appre­ Opinion regarding divestment by foreign located in Wilkes-Barre, with branch facilities ciate the time and energy devoted by north corporations follows the same pattern as in Hazleton and Tunkhannock. Texas Farm Bureau members in putting the that regarding sanctions. Eight-three per­ URS was established as a result of the Wy­ whole operation together. cent think overseas companies should not oming Valley United Way's Community Serv­ To each and every farm producer in Texas leave South Africa because this is not a ices Study Commission Report. It is a compre­ who donated hay to this relief effort, this Con­ good way to fight apartheid. Sixteen per­ cent believe companies should divest be­ hensive vocational rehabilitation center provid­ gressman-as chairman of the House Agricul­ cause the South African government does ing services to the disabled adult population ture Committee and speaking for all our com­ not want companies to leave and will be per­ of northeastern Pennsylvania, with a daily en­ mittee-stands up to acknowledge your gen­ suaded to end apartheid if they do. Eight­ rollment of over 500 persons, making this one erosity and your desire to help fellow produc­ een percent of blacks compared to only 7% of the Nation's largest populations of handi­ ers who are still battling the drought. of whites agree that divestment will force capped persons under one administration. In When farmers and ranchers extend their an end to apartheid. addition, URS works in conjunction with other helping hands to other farmers and ranchers, This Gallup survey of South Africans is community resources helping disabled adults you are seeing American agriculture at its based on face to face interviews with 2,192 individuals. The interviews were conducted learn to function within the community to the finest. It makes no difference what crop is in the preferred language of the respondent best of their ability. grown or what animal is reared, all farmers by interviewers of the same race as the re­ Dr. lrzinski has recognized that a large and ranchers share a kindred spirit and a spondent. I went to South Africa and talked number of disabled adults, hundreds in our common soul when it comes to their love of at great length with these black, colored, area alone, remain without services and have the land. Nowhere is that fraternal spirit more Asian, and white interviewers as they re­ little or no opportunity to enter into the main­ evident than when help comes from within. turned from their interviews. I have com­ stream of society. An advocate of progressive The Union Pacific Railroad Co. took the plete faith in their work and that of the programming, he has made a great impact on lead in transporting this donated hay to our methodology and research staff at Mar­ rehabilitation trends statewide and nationally, south Texas producers. I had approached the kinor. The results of the survey are based on as well as locally. He is eager to make the railroad and asked if it could assist in bringing 1,400 interviews representing a national public aware of the challenges faced by the the hay from its loading point in Longview, TX, sample of black South Africans. In addition, disabled and the progress being made to down to south Texas and the Union Pacific interviews with 392 white respondents are overcome these obstacles. people obliged with a smile and a desire to representative of the metropolitan white In addition, he is a supportive and compas­ help those in need. population of the country. One hundred sionate leader who is truly committed to his The hay donation effort would have been interviews each were conducted with colored work. His strong dedication inspires those who halted in its tracks were it not for the commit­ and Asian race groups residing in the Cape Town and Durban metropolitan areas re­ work with him to do their best to assist the ment of Union Pacific. I applaud Union Pacific spectively. disabled. for showing the spirit of compassion and gen­ A separate survey using the same ques­ Dr. lrzinski was recently presented with the erosity in moving this hay free of charge. tionnaire and sampling methodology was prestigious Bell Greve Award by the National The Southern Pacific railroad joined the conducted during the same time period of a Rehabilitation Association in recognition of his effort so that additional rail cars would be representative sample of the squatter popu­ leadership in developing exciting vocational available. The 700 tons of donated hay des­ lation residing in the Johannesburg, Cape and leisure opportunities for the disabled. tined for south Texas would never have a Town and Durban metropolitan areas. We I commend Dr. lrzinski on the tremendous chance of arriving in south Texas without the found no differences in opinion among black squatters compared to those interviewed in work he has done on behalf of the disabled citi­ help of Southern Pacific. We extend out grati­ the primary study. zens of the Wyoming Valley. With the help of tude to the management of Southern Pacific Regarding the timing of the survey. We people like Dr. lrzinski, dedicated and commit­ for making it possible to ship all 700 tons of began negotiations for this project in the ted to the disabled, it is possible for the less the hay to south Texas and make this private October 3, 1989 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23095 effort a total success. Without Southern Pacif­ BALTIMORE CITY COLLEGE Meyerhoff established traditions of philanthro­ ic, the effort could not have expanded to its CELEBRATES 150TH ANNIVER­ PY touching the breadth of Baltimore and current size and we applaud the railroad for its SARY beyond. commitment. We celebrate the great accomplishments of For some producers in south Texas this do­ HON. BENJAMIN L. CARDIN the past. Yet City College celebrates some­ nated hay will mean the difference between OF MARYLAND thing even greater than the past. Its future, hanging on and going down. These producers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the future for public education looks will mark this day in their hearts with a view to Tuesday, October 3, 1989 bright because of its strong roots. In keeping returning the favor if the need arises. There with its respect for the classics, Latin is still may come a day when our friends in north Mr. CARDIN. Mr. Speaker, Baltimore City required at City. Students there say the Texas need our help, and to a person, south College, the third oldest public high school in Pledge of Allegiance in Latin. Students there Texans will be there to help-no question the , celebrates the 150th anni­ still strive to live up to the school motto­ about that. versary of its founding on October 20, 1989. "Palman Qui Meruit Ferat" -honor to him who This is one program which did not need Established the same year that baseball earns it. Uncle Sam. The Federal Government watched began in Cooperstown, NY, City College has The students at City in 1989 look different with great satisfaction in seeing farmer reach enjoyed a history rich in tradition, academic than they did 150 years ago. The school that out to farmer in a time of need. That's the excellence, and community spirit. For 150 was all male and white has become a coedua­ American way-that's the farmer's way. years its students have studied the human­ tional school that is 75 percent minorities. Yet ities, a curriculum based in the classics, phi­ the students are really not different. They losophy, history, languages, literature, and the carry the spirit of tradition and the pursuit of arts, and have gone forth from City to excel excellence. They go forth to the best colleges UNITED WAY LABOR internationally, nationally, and locally. and universities in the country in ever increas­ PARTICIPATION COMMITTEE During the 150th year City graduates hold ing numbers. At the last graduation exercises positions of public trust in all levels of govern­ 85 percent of the class had been accepted HON. HOWARD WOLPE ment-from the Governor of Maryland, William into college, 10 percent planned to enter the Donald Schaefer, to the mayor of Baltimore, military, and 5 percent planned to go directly OF MICHIGAN Kurt Schmoke. Judges on the U.S. Court of into business. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Appeals, the court of special appeals, the cir­ At a time when the foundations of public cuit court, and district court all include gradu­ Tuesday, October 3, 1989 education are being questioned, when Ameri­ ates of City College. State senators and dele­ ca's competitiveness in the international econ­ Mr. WOLPE. Mr. Speaker, I rise to pay trib­ gates, Baltimore City Councilmen, the public omy is threatened, when talk of our youth defender, and the Maryland Stadium Authority ute to the Greater Kalamazoo United Way's centers around high school dropouts, teenage chairman come from City College. Labor Participation Committee for their efforts pregnancy, and drug abuse, it is with pride Graduates from all walks of life continue to to address the drug problem facing Kalama­ that Baltimore City College tells its story of credit their success to the faculty and teach­ zoo, MI. The committee has scheduled an Oc­ past, present, and future success. We cele­ ers who inspired them-Or. Philip H. Edwards, tober 4 rally designed to bring together union brate this historic event, and believe that our C.B. Moloy, J.J. Hinson, Boyd Winkleblech, members with residents throughout the area celebration is no more and no less the cele­ Henry Yost, John Desch, Millard Foard, Floyd to formulate an action plan. bration of the success of the best of public Holden, James Leonhart, G. Warfield Hobbs, Drug abuse is a poison in this country which education. is draining away the talent and energy of Blanche Bowlsey, John A. Pentz, Warren people in communities like Kalamazoo. Presi­ Wilmer Almy, George Young, Ken VanSant, dent Bush has recently released a blueprint Otts Helm, Andy Norgan, Harry Lawrence, Dr. RELIGIOUS LEADERS IN for an all-out war on drugs and has asked our Templeman, and countless others. ROMANIA HARASSED country to get tough on drug suppliers and On the 1OOth anniversary of City College, users. I fully support the need to strengthen then Gov. Harry W. Nice, also a City graduate, HON. CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH said: drug law enforcement and hold sellers and OF NEW JERSEY City College has made possible advanced users accountable for their actions. However, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES while we might be able to win a battle or two education for many young men who other­ on the drug law enforcement front, I believe wise would never have had the opportunity Tuesday, October 3, 1989 of higher education. The taxpayer's money we will never win the war unless we recognize has never been more profitably spent. The Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Speaker, the importance of eliminating the demand for returns from the investment have been of over and over again we are presented with drugs in the first instance. inestimable benefit to the public at large, in evidence that the Romanian authorities con­ The Kalamazoo Labor Participation Commit­ infusing into our public life leaders, in the tinue their harsh practices of intimidation and tee recognizes the necessity of drug rehabili­ professions and in business, with a civic con­ repression of the religious congregations tation. Their program is an example of the sciousness making for the general welfare within their borders. kind of community-wide drug prevention effort and good of the entire community. I would like to bring to my colleagues' atten­ that is needed to provide individuals and their In the years since the centennial celebration tion the systematic harassment which has families with the education and information the benefits of City College have grown even been endured by Romania's Rev. Laszlo needed to help better prepare them to say no larger. Contributions have been made in our Tokes and his congregation, the Diocese of to drugs and to select other alternatives. This everyday world and contributions have been Temesvar-in Timisoara. I am concerned initial meeting and the followup activities are made that are larger than life. Authors Leon about the safety of Reverend Tokes, especial­ testimony to the recognition by local union Uris and Russell Baker have provoked ly in light of the recent mysterious death of members of their responsibility to the commu­ thought and sparked humor throughout the one of his parishioners. nity in which they live and their desire to be world. Scientist Abel Wolman made it possible Mr. Speaker, Reverend Tokes has long an effective element in the struggle to save for people in countries all over the world to been .the object of official harassment for his people's lives and their livelihoods. have healthy water systems. John Wheeler religious faith and activities. He has openly re­ Mr. Speaker, I am certain my colleagues will brought the "black hole" theory to scientific nounced the regime's actions against the want to join me in saluting the Greater Kala­ minds across our boundaries. Major league Hungarian Reformed Church in Romania but mazoo United Way Labor Participation Com­ pitchers Tom my Byrne and Johnny Neun have not without severe consequences. Likewise, mitee for their continuing efforts to improve thrilled baseball fans in Yankee Stadium. T. one of this parishioners, Erno Ujvarossy, was the quality of life for working people, their Garrison Morfit-Garry Moore-and Michael outspoken in his defense of Reverend Tokes families and their neighbors. I am honored Tucker have come into homes througout the and has met a violent fate. and privileged to represent constitutents who country. Educators Eric Goldman and Norman On September 12, Mr. Ujvarossy disap­ care so deeply for their comunity and who are Hackerman changed lives in higher education. peared, never to be seen again alive. Mr. Uj­ willing to act upon their beliefs. Aaron Straus, Robert H. Levi, and Joseph varossy had received many threats because 23096 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1989 of his active participation in the Diocese of every Ethiopian lives in fear of the mid­ and view with horror the prospect of their Temesvar and support for his minister, and night knock on the door, of being taken country being partitioned. If Mengistu give had expressed his grave fear to Reverend away, or simply disappearing. Eritrea away he's finished. On the other But now Mengistu seems to have compro­ hand, if he agrees to federation with the Tokes. On September 16, Mr. Speaker, the mised on his often expressed resolve to province-the least the EPLF can accept body of Mr. Ujvarossy was found in woods crush all resistance to his absolute rule, and and maintain its own legitimacy-he also outside Timisoara. opened the door to an end to the violence loses. Federation means Eritrea would have Sadly, Mr. Speaker, such unexplained that is tearing the country apart. And at the its own flag and its own autonomous govern­ deaths are not completely unusual in Roma­ same time, he has begun campaigning for ment. The result would only be to discredit nia. A number of other cases of organized better relations with the United States, Mengistu's brutal, totalitarian rule over the street beatings, death threats and outright after more than a decade of excoriating rest of the country, giving added credibility murder of religious leaders in Romania have America as an enemy of the world socialist and momentum to the remaining insurgen­ been documented. revolution. cies. In short, one of the world's greatest mega­ Mengistu's recent actions belie his new The people of Romania, and especially the lomaniacs-a dictator whose ruthless brutal­ pose as humanitarian peace-maker. Far religious community, are living under the con­ ity rivals that of the Khmer Rouge and ex­ from emulating the reforms of his Soviet stant fear of harassment, persecution, and ceeds that of Idi Amin-seems to be turning mentors, he has forbidden the very mention even the threat of murder. It is clear that the over a new leaf. of the words "perestroika" and "glasnost." authorities are condoning or turning a blind If only it were true. But in fact, Mengistu The notorious resettlement campaign is con­ eye to these abuses of a person's basic is playing the game of "Wax and Gold." He tinuing, as well as a huge effort to "villa­ human rights of life and freedom if not actively has no intention of making any real conces­ gize" the entire rural population of Ethio­ involved in the practice themselves. Mr. sions in Atlanta-in fact, he simply cannot pia. At gunpoint, farmers are forced to pull Speaker, the Government of Romania is more afford to reach a peaceful agreement with up stakes and then herded into centralized the Eritrean guerrillas. compounds where they can be more easily and more showing its true colors as an outlaw The struggle for Eritrea is only part of taxed, monitored, and browbeaten into ac­ regime. The people need our support in con­ the civil war Mengistu's repression has pro­ cepting the state's edicts. Under a new con­ demning their oppressors. Congress must not voked in 11 of Ethiopia's 14 provinces. And scription campaign press gangs are kidnap­ shy away from this task. the war is not going well for him anyWhere. ping thousands of teenagers for the army. In March 1988, the EPLF captured 20,000 of And in the province of Gondar, Mengistu is Mengistu's best troops and sewed up its con­ training 80,000 new troops for yet another WAX AND GOLD IN ATLANTA trol of Eritrea, Ethiopia's gateway to the bloody offensive against the guerillas in sea. In the vital province of Tigre next door, neighboring Tigre. HON. DAN BURTON the army suffered an even greater defeat The revenge Mengistu took against the of­ OF INDIANA this February at the hands of the Tigre ficers arrested in the recent coup was savage IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES People's Liberation Front my, and literally bankrupted the treasury. has blocked progress toward peace in neigh­ "Summin a Worq"-"Wax and Gold"-is Mengistu is universally hated; his regime is boring Sudan, which is being torn apart by a an ancient Ethiopian figure of speech I crumbling. Terror-enforced by his East civil war resulting from his sponsorship of learned at my mother's knee. It's used to il­ German-led secret police-is now the only the Sudanese People's Liberation Army, led lustrate the fact that things people do or thing keeping him in power. by renegade army officer John Garang. As I say often have a hidden significance. "Wax" With his back against the wall, Mengistu predicted in a paper published last May, stands for an outward, obvious meaning. is desperately searching for a way to stave Garang-under pressure from Mengistu-re­ "Gold" is the reality it hides. off the end. He needs economic aid from the cently sabotaged peace talks by making non­ I was reminded of this familiar old meta­ West, but his continuing atrocities have negotiable demands that were unacceptable phor by the recent news that former Presi­ made him a pariah in the Free World. And to the Sudanese government. dent Jimmy Carter has persuaded Ethiopian his army, newly bereft of its most experi­ Mengistu was rudely reminded at the be­ Communist dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam enced leaders in the purges that followed ginning of this month that parleying with to send a delegation to Atlanta, Georgia, on the coup attempt, needs time to rearm with the EPLF alone won't pull his chestnuts out September 7th for peace talks with one of Soviet-supplied weapons, conscript more of the fire when his attempt to take back his most implacable enemies. That enemy is cannon fodder, and lick its wounds. Tigre was stymied by widespread resistance the Eritrean Peoples' Liberation Front Jimmy Carter's peace initiative is just the by the TPLF. No doubt we can expect a

29-059 Q-90-43 (Pt. 16) 23106 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3, 1989 nitive assessments, with another $12 billion RU-486 can cause birth defects, Lancet re­ eliminated) and to take the pill, a second possibly to come, forced the manufacturer, ported in 1987. The drug's molecular struc­ trip forty-eight hours later for the prostag­ A. H. Robins Co., into bankruptcy court . By contrast, surgical RU-486 "probably represents a technical ad­ fourths of an inch long and recognizably abortion is 99 percent effective. vance in an area where none is needed, or at human. Abortion via the pill is an ordeal for the least not very much," said Dr. Phillip G. Some members of the health profession women involved, far more of an ordeal than Stubblefield, president of the National have expressed reservations about the abor­ conventional surgical abortion. It is time­ Abortion Federation, at a reproductive tion pill, most notably Sue Halpern, a re­ consuming Network, which does not want to be seen as not work very well after the seventh week. magazine is typical of the general level of anti-abortion or aligned with the right-to­ Indeed, timing is of the essence with RU- media ignorance. "For a woman whose lifers but has serious qualms about intro­ 486. It is most effective taken about a week period is late, using RU-486 means no wait­ ducing reproductive products onto the after a woman misses her menstrual period ing, no walking past picket lines at abortion market without adequate testing. Just by up through that seventh week, when it is clinics, and no feet up in stirrups for sur­ way of contrast to RU-486, another Popula­ markedly less effective. That is typically gery," burbles health writer Laura Fraser. tion Council product, the new Norplant con­ about a three-week window. So far, all the "It also means she will never have to know traceptive-a set of hormone-releasing cap­ studies have concluded that RU-486 is whether she had actually been pregnant." sules to be injected into a woman's arm and "safe." But "safe," in the definition of Wrong on all counts, Miss Fraser. Although designed to last five years-has been in the Marie Bass of the Reproductive Health Baulieu, with typical hyperbole, has boasted works for twenty years and still does not Technologies Project, means "there's been that the pill will soon be available over the have final FDA approval. "Women know the no evidence so far of mortality." That is, no counter in drugstores for home dosing, it is contraceptive revolution has been influ­ woman has yet died from taking the pill. being administered in France only under enced more by the pursuit of population No one has researched the long-term ef­ strict hospital-like supervision in the pres­ control and profit than by the need for safe fects of RU-486 on a woman's health or fer­ ence of a doctor. . "Perhaps the individual patient 23, Congresswomen Patricia Schroeder and the force that through the green fuse drives is expendable in the general scheme of Olympia Snowe introduced a $77 million the flower: trying to stop the process is like things, particularly if the infection she ac­ "birth-control research" bill that is drafted trying to stop a tulip bulb from sprouting. quires is sterilizing but not lethal," one broadly enough to include abortifacient re­ Stopping the reproductive process is unimagi­ bend, and that, as far as science is con­ as disastrous as some of the earlier fertility nably hard, yet we want to believe that sci­ cerned, it's not just concerned with finding control methods released to unblinking, un­ ence will someday, somehow make it easy, out the truth," says Mintz, a former Wash­ critical cheers from educated people who like waving a fairy godmother's wand. The ington Post health reporter. Poor women­ should have known better. We will not know egg and sperm will never meet: the pregnant Baltimore blacks who visited inventor Hugh until a first generation of female guinea woman will magically become un-pregnant Davis's clinic at Johns Hopkins University's pigs-all of whom will be more than happy by swallowing a pill. medical school-were the Shields' test sub­ to volunteer for the job-has put the abor­ All chemical methods of fertility control jects. tion pill through the clinical test of time. are designed to interfere in some fashion Accompanying the release of both kinds One of the fascinating aspects of the RU- with the complex hormonal process of the of products was a Sexual Revolution-fueled 486 controversy, and also of the recent abor­ female reproductive system, producing the euphoria that created intense public tion-rights protests centered on the Su­ estrogen that releases the egg for fertiliza­ demand. Each kind of contraceptive seemed preme Court's recent ruling in Webster v. tion and the progesterone that stimulates to hold itself out as the fairy godmother's Reproductive Health Services Inc., is how the building of the uterine lining and the touch that would painlessly sever the pesky the women's movement has lately turned nourishment of the fetus for its first eight link between sexual delight and procreation. into strictly an abortion movement. The weeks. The early birth control pills were Pill fever was the hallmark of my own col­ much-touted April 9 march in Washington heavy serial mixes of synthetic estrogen and lege years during the 1960s. In my dormito­ was originally supposed to consolidate sup­ progesterone designed to mimic pregnancy, ry, girls ostentatiously flashed their plastic port for a variety of issues that are consid­ fooling the pituitary gland into stopping egg Pill packets and condescendingly touted its ered to be of central importance to women, production. The newer generation of pills virtues to naives still using the diaphragm. including parental leave, government fund­ contain little synthetic estrogen and low Even girls who did not have boyfriends got ing for child care, equal pay for work of levels of progestin, blocking implantation Pill prescriptions. One friend of mine was a "comparable" worth so that single mothers but not ovulation. IUDs are also likely im­ virgin for four of the seven straight years can earn family wages, and forcing errant plantation-blockers (although there is some she was on the Pill. The IUD engendered a fathers to support their offspring. All these evidence they simply "dissuade" the sperm similar fad a few years later, although most issues (perhaps paradoxically, revolving from swimming up the fallopian tube to women I knew had their IUDs removed around women's role as mothers, not as meet the egg), and the newer IUDs release after a short time because of the pain and trailblazers of sexual liberation) fell by the progestin as well. heavy menstrual bleeding they seemed to wayside as the march became focused on The early histories of the two biggest fer­ cause. From 1960 through 1970, 20 million abortion alone. A similar abortion-rights tility-control disasters, the first-generation women took the Pill. By 1980, 60 million march is scheduled for November 12. birth control pills and the Dalkon Shield, women worldwide had tried IUDs. The National Organization for Women is bear a striking resemblance to the story so The first-generation Pills got pulled from now almost entirely an abortion-rights orga­ far of RU-486. Indeed, someone who wishes the market amid a flood of lawsuits linking nization: it's nonprofit litigation arm de­ to predict a possible scenario for the abor­ it with thrombo-embolisms; blood clots in votes itself to eliminating abortion restric­ tion pill might do well to read such books as the veins that are fatal if they reach the tions and neutralizing abortion protesters. Paul Vaughan's The Pill on Trial, Morton heart. A 1969 study by the FDA showed In late July, at the organization's annual Mintz's At Any Cost: Corporate Greed, that women were 4.4 times as likely to have convention in Cincinnati, NOW delegates Women and the Dalkon Shield, and Night­ the embolisms if they used the Pill. Other voted to demand that the U.S. government mare: Women and the Dalkon Shield by studies linked the early oral contraceptives test and distribute RU-486 and even to con­ Susan Perry and Jim Dawson. As with RU- with cancer. About 13 million women cur­ sider forming a new abortion-oriented politi­ 486, the Population Council was a major rently use second-generation Pills, although cal party. The ideological eggs of the femi­ player, heavily promoting both the birth smokers and women over thirty-five are not nists are going into one basket. In the long control pill