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The Potential of Sustainable Shipping in Oceania: Climate Proofing Sea Transport for the Southern Lomaiviti

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The Potential of Sustainable Shipping in Oceania: Climate Proofing Sea Transport for the Southern Lomaiviti THE POTENTIAL OF SUSTAINABLE SHIPPING IN OCEANIA: CLIMATE PROOFING SEA TRANSPORT FOR THE SOUTHERN LOMAIVITI - A CASE STUDY E\ $PHOLD5RELQD7DOHNLFDNDX%ROD $WKHVLVVXEPLWWHGLQIXOILOPHQWRIWKH UHTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKHGHJUHHRI 0DVWHURI$UWV &RS\ULJKWE\$PHOLD%ROD 6FKRRORI0DULQH6WXGLHV )DFXOW\RI6FLHQFH7HFKQRORJ\DQG(QYLURQPHQW 7KH8QLYHUVLW\RIWKH6RXWK3DFLILF 'HFHPEHU DECLARATION Statement by the Author ,$PHOLD5RELQD7DOHNLFDNDX%RODGHFODUHWKDWWKLVWKHVLVLVP\RZQZRUNDQGWKDW WR WKH EHVW RI P\ NQRZOHGJH LW FRQWDLQV QR PDWHULDO SUHYLRXVO\ SXEOLVKHG RU VXEVWDQWLDOO\RYHUODSSLQJZLWKPDWHULDOVXEPLWWHGIRUWKHDZDUGRIDQ\RWKHUGHJUHHDW DQ\LQVWLWXWLRQH[FHSWZKHUHGXHDFNQRZOHGJPHQWLVPDGHLQWKHWH[W 6LJQDWXUH«««««««««««««« 'DWH««««««««««2FWREHU 1DPH«««««««««««««««$PHOLD5RELQ7DOHNLFDNDX%ROD 6WXGHQW,'1R«««««««««69 Statement by Supervisor 7KHUHVHDUFKLQWKLVWKHVLVZDVSHUIRUPHGXQGHUP\VXSHUYLVLRQDQGWRP\NQRZOHGJH 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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................................................................... iv FIGURES.................................................................................................................viii TABLES..................................................................................................................... xi ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................xii FIJIAN TERMS ......................................................................................................xiv 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 1 %DFNJURXQG 5HVHDUFK*RDO 5HVHDUFK2EMHFWLYHV 5DWLRQDOHRI6WXG\ &XUUHQW5HVHDUFK$JHQGD 'DWD&RQVWUDLQWV 6LJQLILFDQFHRI6WXG\ 2UJDQLVDWLRQRI7KHVLV 2. LOCAL SHIPPING ISSUES IN THE PACIFIC CONTEXT %DFNJURXQG 7KH3DFLILF&RQWH[W 6WXG\$UHD6RXWKHUQ/RPDLYLWL *DX,VODQG6RPRVRPR9LOODJH 6WXG\6LWH2QH *DX,VODQG/DPLWL9LOODJH 6WXG\6LWH7ZR 1DLUDL,VODQG7RYX/DLODL9LOODJH 6WXG\6LWH7KUHH %DWLNL,VODQG<DYX9LOODJH 6WXG\6LWH)RXU $+LVWRU\RI7UDGHDQG'HYHORSPHQWLQWKH,VODQGV 7KH/RFDO6KLSSLQJ6FHQDULRRYHUWKH<HDUV 6KLSSLQJ7RGD\DQGLQWRWKH)XWXUH 3.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY %DFNJURXQG 5HVHDUFK0HWKRGRORJ\$SSURDFK 6RXUFHVRI'DWD 5HVHDUFK'HVLJQ YL 0HWKRGVRI'DWD&ROOHFWLRQ 6DPSOLQJ7HFKQLTXH 5HVHDUFK$QDO\VLV 6WXG\/LPLWDWLRQV (WKLFDO&RQVLGHUDWLRQV 4. RESEARCH FINDINGS %DFNJURXQG ([LVWLQJ/RPDLYLWLVKLSSLQJVHUYLFHV 7KH*RYHUQPHQW6KLSSLQJ)UDQFKLVH6FKHPH 6WUHQJWKVDQGZHDNQHVVHVRIWKH*6)6 6RXWKHUQ/RPDLYLWL'RPHVWLF7UDQVSRUW8VHDQG1HHGV3URILOH )UHTXHQF\RI,QWHUDQG,QWUD,VODQG7UDYHOV &DUJR7\SHVDQG0RYHPHQW 6RXWKHUQ/RPDLYLWL'RPHVWLF6HD7UDQVSRUW)XHO8VH )LEUHJODVV%RDW7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ )XHO8VDJHDQG([SHQVH3HUFHQWDJHV 7KH3RWHQWLDOIRU5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\9HVVHOVIRU6RXWKHUQ/RPDLYLWL 9LOODJHUV¶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¶VILYHHFRQRPLFDOURXWHVDQGWKHRSHUDWRUVXQGHUWKH*6)6 )LJXUH)LML¶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±*DX1DLUDLDQG %DWLNLLVODQGV )LJXUH3UROLILFYLHZRIWKHZHVWFRDVWRI*DX,VODQG )LJXUH*DX,VODQGZLWKLWVYLOODJHVQRWHGLQEROG )LJXUH7KHQHZ4DUDQLSRUWRQ*DX,VODQGRSHQHGE\30%DLQLPDUDPDLQ-XQH )LJXUH1DZDLNDPDMHWW\WKHSUHH[LVWLQJSRUWRQ*DX,VODQG )LJXUH6RPRVRPRYLOODJH VWXG\VLWHRQH RQ*DX,VODQG )LJXUH/DPLWLYLOODJH VWXG\VLWHWZR RQ*DX,VODQG )LJXUH%DWLNL,VODQGDQG1DLUDL,VODQG YLLL )LJXUH7RYX/DLODLYLOODJH VWXG\VLWHWKUHH RQ1DLUDL,VODQG )LJXUH1DLUDL¶V LQFRPSOHWH MHWW\ DVLQGLFDWHGLQWKHUHGFLUFOH ORFDWHG DW7RYX/DLODLYLOODJH VWXG\VLWH )LJXUH3UROLILFYLHZRI%DWLNL,VODQG$WWKHWLPHRIWKLVVXUYH\WKH WKUHH6RXWKHUQ/RPDLYLWLLVODQGVZHUHVXEMHFWHGWREXVKILUHVGXHDORQJ GURXJKWVHDVRQDQGDQWKURSRJHQLFLQIOXHQFHV7KLVSLFWXUHVKRZVWKHH[WHQW RIWKHGDPDJHRQ%DWLNLZKHUHZKROHSODQWDWLRQVDQGZRRGODQGKDGEXUQW
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