2018 Prune Research Reports
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Pru Nus Contains Many Species and Cultivars, Pru Nus Including Both Fruits and Woody Ornamentals
;J. N l\J d.000 A~ :J-6 '. AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA • The genus Pru nus contains many species and cultivars, Pru nus including both fruits and woody ornamentals. The arboretum's Prunus maacki (Amur Cherry). This small tree has bright, emphasis is on the ornamental plants. brownish-yellow bark that flakes off in papery strips. It is par Prunus americana (American Plum). This small tree furnishes ticularly attractive in winter when the stems contrast with the fruits prized for making preserves and is also an ornamental. snow. The flowers and fruits are produced in drooping racemes In early May, the trees are covered with a "snowball" bloom similar to those of our native chokecherry. This plant is ex of white flowers. If these blooms escape the spring frosts, tremely hardy and well worth growing. there will be a crop of colorful fruits in the fall. The trees Prunus maritima (Beach Plum). This species is native to the sucker freely, and unless controlled, a thicket results. The A coastal plains from Maine to Virginia. It's a sprawling shrub merican Plum is excellent for conservation purposes, and the reaching a height of about 6 feet. It blooms early with small thickets are favorite refuges for birds and wildlife. white flowers. Our plants have shown varying degrees of die Prunus amygdalus (Almond). Several cultivars of almonds back and have been removed for this reason. including 'Halls' and 'Princess'-have been tested. Although Prunus 'Minnesota Purple.' This cultivar was named by the the plants survived and even flowered, each winter's dieback University of Minnesota in 1920. -
FAO Manual on the Submission and Evaluation of Pesticide Residues Data
ISSNISSN 0259-2517 1020-055X 225 ESTUDIO FAOFAO Biotecnología agrícola INVESTIGACIÓNPLANT YPRODUCTION TECNOLOGIA Submission and evaluation of pesticide residues data for estima para países en desarrollo AND PROTECTION PAPER8 Resultados de un foro electrónico 225 Submission and evaluation En esta publicación se presenta un informe sobre las primeras seis conferencias mediante correo electrónico The firstorganizadas version of por this el manualForo electrónico on the submissionde la FAO sobre and la evaluation biotecnología of pesticideen la alimentación residues y datala agricultura, for of pesticide residues data estimationcelebradas of maximum entre marzo residue de 2000 levels y mayo in de food 2001. and Todas feed las was conferencias printed by contaron FAO in con1997 un as moderador, a working duraron documentaproximadamente with the dos aim meses of consolidating y se centraron the en proceduresla biotecnología used agrícola by the en FAO los Panelpaíses ofen experts desarrollo. on Las cuatro pesticideprimeras residues. conferencias The trataron FAO Manual de la idoneidad was revised para in los 2002 países and en indesarrollo 2009 incorporated de las biotecnologías additional actualmente for the estimation of informationdisponibles from enthe los JMPR sectores Report agrícola, of 1997-2009. pesquero, forestalSince then y ganadero. there have Las otras been dos many conferencias developments trataron in de las the scientificrepercusiones evaluation de process la biotecnología of the Joint agrícola Meeting sobre onel hambre Pesticide y la Residues seguridad (JMPR), alimentaria administered en los países by en FAO anddesarrollo the Wor y lasld Healthconsecuencias Organization. de los derechos The present de propiedad manual intelectual incorporates en la all alimentación relevant information y la agricultura en maximum residue levels and principles that are currently used by the JMPResos to países. -
Prunus Spinosa
Prunus spinosa Prunus spinosa in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats I. Popescu, G. Caudullo The blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) is a spiny, deciduous shrub which produces small, purple, edible plums. This species occurs mostly from south-central Europe up to southern Scandinavia, and eastwards to Asia Minor, growing in forest margins and open woodlands as part of Mediterranean thermophilous plant communities. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant and for fruit production, used to make jams, wine, vinegar and distillates. The blackthorn has no important threats, but it can be a natural host and potential reservoir of diseases affecting production of economically important fruits, such as apricots, plums, peaches and apples. The blackthorn, or sloe, (Prunus spinosa L.) is a spiny, deciduous shrub, growing 1-5 m tall. It forms a dense canopy with Frequency 1-4 intricate branches and numerous suckers . Secondary twigs < 25% 25% - 50% often transformed into a spine, initially velvety soft, reddish- 50% - 75% brown. The buds are globular oval, reddish-brown, more or less > 75% Chorology hairy. The bark is dark grey to blackish, slightly grooved. The Native leaves are alternate, 2-5 × 1-2 cm long, obovate to oblanceolate, or elliptical, with margins finely toothed, dull green in colour and hairless above, usually hairy on the veins underneath1, 3. The petioles are 0.2-1 cm long, often hairy. The stipules are elongate, Purple globose drupes covered with a frostlike bloom. glandular, toothed, and usually longer than petioles3. The flowers (Copyright Phil Sellens, www.flickr.com: CC-BY) are white, 1-1.7 cm wide, usually solitary, appearing before leaves, numerous, on about 0.5 cm long pedicels1-3. -
Report of a Working Group on Prunus: Sixth and Seventh Meetings
European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Report of a Working Resources ECP GR Group on Prunus Sixth Meeting, 20-21 June 2003, Budapest, Hungary Seventh Meeting, 1-3 December 2005, Larnaca, Cyprus L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers IPGRI and INIBAP operate under the name Bioversity International Supported by the CGIAR European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Report of a Working Resources ECP GR Group on Prunus Sixth Meeting, 20 –21 June 2003, Budapest, Hungary Seventh Meeting, 1 –3 December 2005, Larnaca, Cyprus L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers ii REPORT OF A WORKING GROUP ON PRUNUS: SIXTH AND SEVENTH MEETINGS Bioversity International is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well- being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. Bioversity has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The Institute operates through four programmes: Diversity for Livelihoods, Understanding and Managing Biodiversity, Global Partnerships, and Commodities for Livelihoods. The international status of Bioversity is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 2006, had been signed by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. -
And Neoendemism in a Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot
Annals of Botany 119: 229–238, 2017 doi:10.1093/aob/mcw093, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON ENDEMISM HOTSPOTS Climatic and topographical correlates of plant palaeo- and neoendemism in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot Rafael Molina-Venegas1,*,†, Abelardo Aparicio1,Se´bastien Lavergne2 and Juan Arroyo1 1Departamento de Biologıa Vegetal y Ecologıa, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain and 2Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS Universite´ Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] †Current address: Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Received: 7 January 2016 Returned for revision: 4 March 2016 Accepted: 31 March 2016 Published electronically: 9 June 2016 Background and Aims Understanding the evolutionary and ecological forces contributing to the emergence of biodiversity hotspots is of outstanding importance to elucidate how they may withstand current climate changes. Here we explored patterns of phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic plant endemism in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. We hypothesized that areas with wet and equable climatic conditions would be prone to long-term persist- ence of endemic lineages (palaeoendemism), whilst areas of recent local speciation (neoendemism) would be more related to harsher environmental conditions and to high topographical relief promoting speciation. Methods We focused on the Baetic–Rifan biodiversity hotspot (southern Iberian Peninsula and northern Morocco) in combination with molecular phylogenetic information and relative phylogenetic endemism (RPE), a recent phylogenetic measure of endemism, allowing us to discern centres of palaeo- from those of neoendemism. Using eco-geographical regions as study units, we explored correlations between both RPE and endemic species richness with precipitation- and temperature-related variables and with elevation range. -
Leaved Cultivars of Woody Landscape Plants to the Japanese Beetle
PEST MANAGEMENT HORTSCIENCE 37(2):362–366. 2002. purple/green leaves, whereas 25 of the 26 most resistant cultivars had completely green leaves (Spicer et al., 1995). The extent to which this Susceptibility of Purple- Versus Green- apparent color preference may apply to other woody plant species is unknown. leaved Cultivars of Woody Landscape The present study tested the hypothesis, across a range of plant genera and species, that Plants to the Japanese Beetle purple cultivars of woody landscape plants generally sustain more feeding damage from W. Jack Rowe, II1, Daniel A. Potter1,3, and Robert E. McNiel2 Japanese beetles than do green-leaved ones. We also sought to identify species and culti- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091 vars of purple-leaved woody plants that could Additional index words. integrated pest management, plant resistance, Prunus, Acer, Popillia be substituted for highly susceptible plant materials in areas where Japanese beetles are japonica abundant. Abstract. Twenty-six purple- or green-leaved cultivars representing 12 species of woody landscape plants were evaluated in the field for defoliation by Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman) over three growing seasons. We further evaluated the hypothesis that, Materials and Methods within closely-related plants, purple cultivars generally are preferred over green ones by comparing beetles’ consumption of foliage in laboratory choice tests and their orientation Twenty-six purple- or green-leaved culti- to painted silk tree models baited with Japanese beetle lures. Cultivars of Prunus cerasifera vars (Table 1) representing 12 species of woody Ehrh. and hybrids of that species [e.g., Prunus ×cistena (Hansen) Koehne, Prunus landscape plants were evaluated in the field ×blireiana André] were more heavily damaged than nearly all other plants tested. -
Wild Plums Cherry Plums Sand Cherries
wild plums cherry plums sand cherries Wild plums, sand cherries, and cherry plums have ripening. Fruit varies from 1 to 1 ½ inch in diameter, the distinct plum characteristics of sour skins, sweet and fruits with soft, sweet flesh tend to be larger. flesh that sticks tightly to the pit, and pits that are flatter than they are round. Plants vary from shrubs to small trees. Wild plums (Prunus americana) are native to much of the U.S. North America is host to a variety of distinct plum species, but the only species widely planted in Minnesota is P. americana. Wild plums are typically large shrubs or small trees that sucker profusely, often sending out root suckers that sprout 20 or more feet from the mother plant. The fruit flesh is yellow, while the skin color varies from yellow to red, with the most common color being a red blush. Like most wild plants that are propagated from seeds, fruit quality varies tremendously. The best quality fruit has thick, sour skins, with sweet flesh that clings tightly to the pit. Some trees produce fruit with the texture of a golf ball that does not soften during Figure 41. Edible wild plums perennial fruit for northern climates 83 Sand cherries are small, native shrubs which Cherry plum is kind of a catch-all term for a number produce a small fruit that is closer to plums than of small fruited plums that belong to several related cherries. In some literature, all sand cherries are put species. Most produce red or purple fruit. -
(Prunus Domestica L.) Genotypes of Duhok City Using AFLP Markers
International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 1, No. 2, 2015, pp. 64-69 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ijbbe Analysis of Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Genotypes of Duhok City Using AFLP Markers Shaymaa H. Ali, Dalal Y. Sinjare *, Jaladet M. S. Jubrael Scientific Research Center, Duhok University, Duhok, Iraq Abstract A plum or gage is a stone fruit tree in the genus Prunus , subgenus Prunus . The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera (peaches, cherries, bird cherries, etc) in the shoots having a terminal bud and the side buds solitary (not clustered).The samples were analyzed by using AFLP markers. Three primer combinations generated a total of 106 bands and among them86 were polymorphic (81.1%), while 20 (18.9%) were monomorphic. A relatively low genetic diversity has been observed by using AFLP. Genetic similarity values ranging from 0.2464 the lowest genetic distance found between achas yabani thahabi and achas bathengani, whereas the highest genetic distance 0.5415 between achas no.1 and achas maryana. Using UPGMA clustering analysis method based on the similarity coefficient, cultivars were separated into two major genetic clusters within first cluster there is two sub-groups consists of achas no.1, achas samari, achas aswad daymi, achas bathangani no.2 and achas yabani thahabi and a second cluster consist of achas maryana and achas bathangani. The results suggested that AFLP is a good method to determine genetic relatedness among plum genotypes in Duhok city. Keyword Prunus domestica L., AFLP, Genetic Diversity Received: June 14, 2015 / Accepted: June 27, 2015 / Published online: July 13, 2015 @ 2015 The Authors. -
Botanical Name Common Name
Approved Approved & as a eligible to Not eligible to Approved as Frontage fulfill other fulfill other Type of plant a Street Tree Tree standards standards Heritage Tree Tree Heritage Species Botanical Name Common name Native Abelia x grandiflora Glossy Abelia Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes White Forsytha; Korean Abeliophyllum distichum Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes Abelialeaf Acanthropanax Fiveleaf Aralia Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes sieboldianus Acer ginnala Amur Maple Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes Aesculus parviflora Bottlebrush Buckeye Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes Aesculus pavia Red Buckeye Shrub, Deciduous No No Yes Yes Alnus incana ssp. rugosa Speckled Alder Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Alnus serrulata Hazel Alder Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Amelanchier humilis Low Serviceberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Amelanchier stolonifera Running Serviceberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes False Indigo Bush; Amorpha fruticosa Desert False Indigo; Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No No Not eligible Bastard Indigo Aronia arbutifolia Red Chokeberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Aronia prunifolia Purple Chokeberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Groundsel-Bush; Eastern Baccharis halimifolia Shrub, Deciduous No No Yes Yes Baccharis Summer Cypress; Bassia scoparia Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes Burning-Bush Berberis canadensis American Barberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Common Barberry; Berberis vulgaris Shrub, Deciduous No No No No Not eligible European Barberry Betula pumila -
A Common Threat to IUCN Red-Listed Vascular Plants in Europe
Tourism and recreation: a common threat to IUCN red-listed vascular plants in Europe Author Ballantyne, Mark, Pickering, Catherine Marina Published 2013 Journal Title Biodiversity and Conservation DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0569-2 Copyright Statement © 2013 Springer. This is an electronic version of an article published in Biodiversity and Conservation, December 2013, Volume 22, Issue 13-14, pp 3027-3044. Biodiversity and Conservation is available online at: http://link.springer.com/ with the open URL of your article. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/55792 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Manuscript 1 Tourism and recreation: a common threat to IUCN red-listed vascular 1 2 3 4 2 plants in Europe 5 6 7 8 3 *Mark Ballantyne and Catherine Marina Pickering 9 10 11 12 4 Environmental Futures Centre, School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 13 14 5 Queensland 4222, Australia 15 16 17 18 6 *Corresponding author email: [email protected], telephone: +61(0)405783604 19 20 21 7 22 23 8 24 25 9 26 27 28 10 29 30 11 31 32 12 33 34 13 35 36 37 14 38 39 15 40 41 16 42 43 17 44 45 46 18 47 48 19 49 50 20 51 52 21 53 54 55 22 56 57 23 58 59 24 60 61 62 63 64 65 25 Abstract 1 2 3 4 26 Tourism and recreation are large industries employing millions of people and contribute over 5 6 27 US$2.01 trillion to the global economy. -
Growing Plums in Connecticut Plums Have Been Cultivated for Thousands of Years and May Have Been One of the First Fruits Domesticated by Humans
Growing Plums in Connecticut Plums have been cultivated for thousands of years and may have been one of the first fruits domesticated by humans. Alexander the Great has been given credit for introducing them into Greece and Pliny the Elder, a Roman scholar, noted this fruit in his first century writings. It is easy to see why plums are a time-honored favorite fruit. They are tasty, beautiful in bloom, and not very difficult to grow, which make plums a great addition to the edible landscape. Plums are also quite nutritious, containing cancer-fighting antioxidants, many vitamins and minerals, and fiber at approximately 40 calories each. The estimated United States production of plums in 2015 was over 1 billion pounds and the per capita consumption range of 0.9 to 1.9 pounds of plums has remained constant since 1970. Types of Plums There are more than 100 species of plums with about 30 of them indigenous to North America. Early Native Americans used them raw, cooked and dried. Two common species that might be encountered in Connecticut are the wild red plum, Prunus americana, and the beach plum, P. maritima. Enough beach plums grew on Cape Cod, Massachusetts to have once made gathering the fruits for preserves a viable commercial venture. While either of these two species would be suitable for a native plant garden, they may not top the list of those preferred for backyard fruit production. For this purpose, choose from European or Japanese plums. European plums (P. domestica) would be the top choice for the colder regions of Connecticut. -
Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Manual Some Processes, Equipment, and Materials Described in This Manual May Be Patented
Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Manual Some processes, equipment, and materials described in this manual may be patented. Inclusion in this manual does not constitute permission for use from the patent owner. The use of any patented invention in the performance of the processes described in this manual is solely the responsibility of the user. APHIS does not indemnify the user against liability for patent infringement and will not be liable to the user or to any third party for patent infringement. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of any individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communciation of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. When using pesticies, read and follow all label instructions. Second Edition Issued 2012 Contents Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Manual