6 2 6 1 0 3 (1 t % o n in th e ar 1 b e e ress e E nt r d ac co rding to Ac C g , y 872 , y

E LIAS C O LBER T

i f h f ! shin ton n the Offi ce o t e Librarian o Congress, at a g . T H E F IXE D S TA R S .

This little work is offered as an e asy introdu ction to a I b r a study of the Heavens . t exhi its the el tive positions of the most promine nt stars ; and the most natural method of arran m r u a r n ra ging the in g o ps , to g ee With the ge e lly I l f accepted division into constell ations . t Wi l b e o und very convenient in th e out! door ex ercise of comparing the map

or a . b ma us a n With its igin l in the sky The ook y be ed lo e , r w n a r m a t b o in con nection ith a st ono ic l tex ook . These maps have the advantage of being small and l l f m a u r w . n a n a ar o co p ct , Witho t c o ding They co t i the st s

fir t e n r and f ur ma u a few the s , s co d , thi d o th gnit des , With fifh fa n fi ures c n umb r of the t . The old shio ed g Whi h e c e

b and m r ar ma s are discard ed . the glo es , ost othe st p , The principal stars in e ach constellation are conn ected by lines f rm a s n u a can b e a ra e o ing di ti ctive o tline , th t , e sily t c d in ”

sk and as ea r m mb r . ma r a the y, sily e e e ed The ps ove l p to a rab ab n u en a r adi conside le extent , en li g the st d t to p ss e ly n r r from one to a othe in the se ies . ° a of ma is ab u 20 in h The sc le the ps o t to the o . The names of constellations are printed in capital letters a few w r s ma r a a are nam of r r u o d in s lle c pit ls the es lesse g o ps , a f e ch o Which forms only a part of a constellation . The proper n ames of the most prominent stars are printed in the

or nar . E in a few as s r c n of th di y type xcept c e , the di e tio e n am rr n of ar or a n e co espo ds to the position the st , constell tio ,

when on the meridian above the pole . T m 4 H E xnn STARS .

The page opposite each map is intended to assist in th e u of a ma am f th r a st dy th t p . The n es o e p incipal constell n are w r E u a n s and tio s given , ith thei nglish e! iv le t ; the numb er of stars that can b e seen in the c onstellation With h e a ra na on a ar n in ab se of t ve ge ked eye , cle ight, the nce

ns f one or m r of r n a the moon . The positio o o e the p i cip l stars in the constellation are also given ; fi rst the Greek r b ar n w r r nam if lette y Which the st is k o n , then the p ope e , an th e R t A s ur m nu and n and y ; igh scen ion in ho s , i tes seco ds , N r or S u na n in r and m u for the o th o th Decli tio , deg ees in tes , the b eginning ofthe year 1 875 ; and lastly the date When the ’ star is on the meridian ab ove the pole at nin e o clock in the m f m r f r n r n n . o a a a e o a a eve i g The ti e e idi n p ss g y othe d te , and th e me ofr and n ma b e f u b the aid ti s ising setti g , y o nd y of the following tables . There is no good reason for the general lack of ability to r n a fixed stars n we em in recogniz e the p i cip l , Whe see th the sky ; other than the absence of star maps simple enough to h admit of b eing stu died by the average b oy or girl . T ese ma s are n n fill and r ar th e wa for p i te ded to the void , p ep e y an understanding study of the sublime phenomena o f th e heavens .

THE AUTHOR . IT D N UMB E R AND MA G N U E.

The follo wing table shows the relative !uantities of light c fr m sun and m n and fr m an that we re eive o the oo , o average star of e ach magnitude visible with the naked eye numb r of ar a a and ara r also the e st s in e ch cl ss , the ch cte s used in the following maps to represent the principal stars

mb r karacter N u e . C .

Sun ,

F ul l Moo n , Siri ac 3 50 Fi st Ma i tud e 1 1 0 r gn , Seco d Ma nitude n g , 43 Thi d Ma ni tud e I 6 r g , % Fo u th Ma i tude 6 r gn , % Fifth Ma nitud e g , Sixth Ma i tude gn , Neb ul a ,

A line appe nded to a star! character ( thus 3 ) shows that can b e as ub w na e e or r u a it seen do le , ith the k d ey , th o gh Tw ma . o n a r s ll telescope li es indic te a t iple star. The number of stars of the sixth magnitude is variously stated ; from ab ou t to ne arly by different a ob servers . This cl ss i ncludes al l of le ss prominenc e than fifth a are b w a an n m the , th t visi le ith the n ked eye d the u

b er n on n w r of n ua and on depe ds the seei g po e the i divid l ,

f, the condition o the atmosphere . The vision of some p er sons is much more p en etrating than that of others ; and the same p erson can see a greater numb er of stars from the top

o f a m un a an fr m ba w s air b o t in th o its se , the lo e t eing the ur least p e . Hence the total numb er of stars visible with the naked eye ranges from about to of which only 685 b n first f ur a s s and are suffi cientl r m elo g to the o cl s e , y p o i n to b e n ce b u r ent oti d y the npracticed obse ver. ULMINATIO N R IS ING AND S ETT IN G. C , ,

The motion of the earth in h er orbit causes the stars to a ar a n on Sun d a in a ar or at ppe to g i the one y e ch ye , the r of w d a and an a t o ur er m or 3m. 563 . er te ho s p onth , p y ; y fixed ar ass s m r ar r ac d a a e 6 . st p the e idian 3m. 5 s e lie e h y th n on d a recedin w R the yp g. The following table sho s the ight A s n of m r an or th TIME at n on scen io the e idi , e STAR , oon , l st 1 1 th and 2l st a of a m n w two the , , d ys e ch o th , to ithin m nu ! for an : i tes, y year during the present century

lst. Ilth. h m h 2 2 8 2 . 1 m . 3 . 3 7 . April 0 40 I I 9 May 2 38 3 1 7 i ne 4 4 I 5 2 0 Puly 6 39 7 1 8 August 8 4 1 9 2 0 September I O 44 1 I 2 3 Octob er 1 2 4 2 1 3 2 I N ov emb er I 4 44 1 5 2 3 Decemb er I 6 42 I 7 2 1 !anuary I 8 44 1 9 2 3 Feb ruary 2 0 46 2 1 2 5

If we subtract the right ascension of the meridian at n n fr m r a ns n f a ar r a e b 24 oo , o the ight sce io o st (inc e s d y ur if n ar r ma n r w b th e me af r ho s, ecess y) , the e i de ill e ti te w n r w If r ma noon he the sta ill pass the meridian . this e in d er 1 2 ur u b ra 1 2 ur fr m it and exceed ho s , s t ct ho s o , the m second remainder wil l b e the time after midnight . The e ridian passage ofa star is often called its C ULMIN ATION .

m ! urna arc semi a f of a ar w an The se i di l ( , h l ) st ith y dec

m n n f ! a umn ma b e f un for l i atio , give in the le t h nd col , y o d an a u n first n fr m f w tab . y l tit de , give in the li e , o the ollo ing le n d u ma b e n wn The arcs for other declinatio s an latit des y k o , ! N L S EMl DIUR A ARCS . 7

n ar en u for u r ses o f r i ar b ser a b a e ly o gh p p o o d n y o v tion , y

e r r n simp l p op o tio .

AND EC L N I N ALI! E . LATITUDE D I AT O ,

BOT O R T o OT SOUT H H H u B H . ( N , )

55 60

ND DE LINA I T E A C T ON UN I! . LATI UD , L E

ONE NO RT H AND T H E O T H E OUT H R S .

! en sum of a u and e a is e ua to h the the l tit de d clin tion ! l , or rea r an th e ar ne er ri s s nor se s b e g te th st ith e t , ing a wa b h a t e r z or a w a b e w it. l ys ove ho i on , l ys lo

Ifth e s emi ! diurn al are b e subtracted from the time ofcul m a n th e r ma er is th m f r Ifth m in tio , e ind e ti e o ising . e se i

ur a are b e a e th e me of cu m a th e sum i di n l dd d to ti l in tion , s me ofs i the ti ett ng . B INARY AND V AR IAB LE S TARS .

T he w are s me the m s r m en ar s ars follo ing o of o t p o in t bin y t . T he magnit ud es of most of the constellations are stated and periods ofrevolution

Ursa a r and 6 6 ear 6 0 s. in M jo , 3 % 5 ; y m D ra 6 8 ear . c s. p o , 4 y

7 r a B rea and 1 s ears. , in Co on o li , 5 4 y a u nd 8 6 ar s a e s. in Cygn , 3 ; 3 3 y No 6 1 u and 6 . s er a s 0 r in Cygn , s% ; p h p 45 yea s. a Gem z nd u a a 1 0 0 0 ars. in ini , !é 3 ; bo t ye A a cer 60 ears. r s ar re es ar u the a r C in C n , 3 y thi d t volv o nd p i in 60 0 ears y . a m a s Ma r 1 and 8 6 ears C ni jo . ; 4 9 y .

Leo 2 and ut 0 0 a ears. 7 in , % 4 ; bo 4 y V nd r a 1 ears. 7 in i go, 3 3 ; 75 y

T c m a s in B o es 2 0 ears. wo o p nion to p o t , 3 y

Boétes and 6 ears. 5 in , 4 Vz 36 ; y a e aurus 1 and 8 ears in C nt , 4 ; 4 y .

H ercu es and 6 6 ears. C in l , 3 ; 3 4 y

0 O u us and 6 0 ears. No . 7 in phi c , 4 % ; 9 y

A O u us and 6 2 ears. in phi c , 4 ; 3 3 y 6 r 5 c r and ea s. in S o pio , 5 5 ; 9 y

in A uar us and er a s 1 0 0 0 ears. C q i , 3 % p h p y a a sces and a u 2 60 0 e rs. in Pi , 4 5 ; bo t y I r 6 E uu eus and 1 2 ea s. in q l , 4 /é 5 ; y

1 r es k w er . asus 1 1 ears. in Peg , y Sho t t no n p iod th m s r m e ara e star T he following are some of e o t p o in nt v i bl s, with their periods:

9 L ra a s. { in y , to 4 56 , in d y a e eus 2 a s. in C ph , 4 to 5 , in 5 79 d y

a ass ea 2 a s. in C iop , to 3, in d y

erseus 2 2 86 a s. 3 in P , to 4 , in 73 d y T HE FIXED AR 9 ST S.

in erseus a s p P , 3 % to 4 , in 3 953 d y .

0 u 1 in 1 6 a in e s to s. C t , 9 , 3 3 3 3 d y

a O r 1 1 6 a s. in ion, to in 9 d y

3 in ur a 0 a s A ig , M to in 3 5 d y . Gem n 1 0 1 a s C in i i, 4 to in 57 d y .

7 Ar o 1 in 6 ears or m re ; in g , to 7 , 4 y o . H ra 2 in a a s. in yd , to 55 d y 8 a H er u es 8 a s. in c l , 3 to 4 , in 3 d y

‘ in 0 in Aq uila 3 94 to 7 2 76 days.

in e asus 2 1 a s. 5 P g , to in 3 3 d y T he following are the distances of a few of the nearest fixed s ars the u e the mean s a ce the ear fr m the sun t , nit b ing di t n of th o ; also the n umber of years required by light to t raverse the d is ta nce. D ta . Sun istanc s S r e . a in e aurus C nt ,

No . 6 1 us in Cygn , r us Si i , r c P o yon , 7 ass ea 7 in C iop , v e a g y a e a C p ll , rc uru A t s, e ar Pol St ,

H R EE ! A LPH A BE T T E G .

Th e are th e sma e ers Gree a a e following ll l tt of k lph b t , with

a s ar th eir names ; the c apit l e not used .

a l a I a A ph , ot , 9 Be a 1 ! a a 1 t , pp Gamma l Lam a r , bd ,

6 D e a ! Mn lt , 1 ,

3 E s n v Nu p ilo , , C Ze a E Xi t , , 7 ta o Om c r n ) E , i o ,

0 T e a 1 h t , Pi , 1 0 FIRST LESSONS IN ASTRONOMY . AR N P CONSTELLATIONS NE THE ORTH OLE . 1 1

6 r a r r. 1 3 r URSA MA! OR The G e te Bea sta s.

° a Du e 1 0 h 6 m 0 5 r 6 2 r 2 0 , bh . . 5 . No th Ap il ° ' 9 m u r r era i 2 2 s u r ea e o e s a . I , M k s 5 o th f o , n ly in lin with P l t ° 6 r 1 a 1 2 m. s u e . 0 , Alk id . 3 h . 4 3 . No th 49 J n

2 URSA MIN OR The Lesser Bear. 7 stars .

° a e! s ar 1 h 1 2 m 5 r 88 em er 2 , Pol t . . . 55 . No th Nov b 3 . T h e c e er the e er a s s th e s th e r e nt of l tt how po ition of no th pol . ° 9 ! 1 1 m r c a . . 5 . u e 1 1 , o h b . 4h 5 5 No th 74 J n 9 .

D RACO ra n . 1 32 r The D go sta s.

° a T u a 1 h 1 m 0 5 r 6 6 . . . u e , h b n . 4 No th 4 J n . ° t nin 1 m 2 5 r 1 E a . u . . us r, 7h 53 4 . No th 5 A g t 4 .

— 8 Y ar 4 ar . L RA The H p . st s

° a V 8 2 m 2 5 r 8 u u e a. 1 . . . s 1 . , g h 3 4 No th 3 A g t 4

— an 1 45 Y GN s Sw . a C U The st rs .

° a r 2 0 h m 1 0 5 r e m r 1 e . . . . e e , A id d 3 7 No th 44 S pt b 5 . ° re 1 h 2 m 1 5 r 2 u us 2 fl, Albi o . 9 . 5 . 4 . No th 7 A g t 7 . ° 6 1 u 2 s r m 7 0 v . e s i e e ee an No , do bl , not hown , s w t f o , b tw n d

EPHE ! fE C US n o a. 89 s r i g thiopi ta s .

° a r m 2 1 h 1 m 6 e a . . . s. r 6 2 e em er 2 , Ald in 5 3 No th S pt b 4 .

CA! ES V ENATICI u ofB 5 The Ho nds ootes . 5 stars .

° a C or ar 1 2 h o m 1 . . . 1 5 . r Ma 1 , C oli s No th 3 9 y 9 .

CORONA B E L — N r r e n r w . 26 r OR A IS The o th C o n sta s .

° a ec c a 1 h m . . 2 . 2 s. r 2 u e 2 8 , Alph s 9 4 No th 7 J n .

T h e ! a ru s r u us and th e Milky y n th o gh Cygn , southern part of e eu C ph s. F T SSONS A T M 1 2 IRS LE IN S RONO Y . C N LL N NEAR N P L O STE ATIO S THE ORTH O E . 1 3

SSI PEA a in H er a r. 67 ar CA O The L dy Ch i st s .

° a Sc hedir o h m 2 6 r m r 1 . . s e e . , . 3 3 . No th 55 Nov b 4 ° 9 Cha h oh 2 m 1 s r 8 m r 6 e e . 1 , p . . . 3 . No th 5 Nov b

86 rs. ANDR OMEDA Daughter of Cassiopea. sta

° r z o m 6 r 2 8 m er 6 e a h 1 s e . Alph t . . . 5 . No th Nov b ° rac 1 2 m s r em er 2 1 Mi h . h . . 44 . No th 3 4 Nov b . ° Al amak 1 6m 1 r 1 c em er . . s D e . h 5 4 . No th 4 b 5 . Ne u a ear v i s th e ake e e b l n s vi ible with n d y .

84 r r n CAMELOPAR D. a . n a st s Mode co stell tion.

° h 1 2 r 6 a r 1 6 1 m 5 6 ua . 4 . 4 . . No th J n y

L 31 r . r E T r ta s n . AC R A The Liz a d . s Mode

° a h 2 6m r r 1 2 2 5 . O 2 . . c e . . 9 No th 4 9 tob — NX 44 ar . rn . LY The Lynx . st s Mode

° m 2 6s r arc 2 h . 1 . 9 3 . . No th 34 M h 5

L — 1 r E N r n . 2 a . O MI OR The Lesse Lio st s Modern .

° 9 1 h m r r 1 1 o . z o . 5 1 . 3 9 . No th 3 7 Ap il .

Pa P r 8 . rt of ERSEUS . 7 sta s

° a m 2 r a h . 1 m r 2 r . . s. Dece e , Mi f k 3 5 4 No th 49 b 5 .

P r f A a o UR IGA . 9 t 6 stars .

° h 2 a a m. s r a ua 2 2 e . r C p ll 5 . 7 7 . No th 4 5 J n y .

P r f . 3 ar a t o GEMINI 5 st s .

° h m 0 5 r 2 8 arc 1 u . . . . Poll x. 7 3 7 4 No th M h

For Ursa a r Ursa r Drac e eus and us see M jo , Mino , o , C ph , Cygn ,

a e 1 p g 0 .

T he ! a ru s r u us and Lac er a th e s u Milky y n th o gh Cygn , t ; o th ern po rtion s of Cepheus and Cassiopea ; and the middl e of Perseu s an ur a d A ig . F T SSON S M IRS LE IN ASTRONO Y . B L IN N O EMB ER AND DE EMB 5 STAR S V ISI E V C ER . 1

era z Mar a c ea and e rm the uare Alph t , k b , S h t, Alg nib , fo Sq of

asu s Peg . — PERSEUS A r a r 8 s ars. G eci n He o . 7 t

° a m 2 r D m er 2 h 1 . s ce r a . e , Mi f k . 3 . 5 4 No th 4 9 b 5 . ° ' h c m 2 5 r 0 2 ar a e. . . . 8 fl, Algol , v i bl 3 No th 4

L r n 1 5 s a . TRIANGU UM The T ia gle . t rs

° 2 h 2 m r Dec em er 6 5 . . fl . . . 7 No th 3 4 b I

a 0 RIE S m. 5 A The R stars .

° a h 8 r 2 2 c m r 6 ama 2 c m. De e H . 5 . e . , l . No th b

98 ar . CETUS The ! hale . st s

° a k r h m. . r m 0 e a 2 . 5 . Dece r 2 e . M n . 55 4 5 No th 3 b ° 0 2 h 1 2 u r m. 5 a ar a e. . . , Mi , v i bl 3 So th 3 3 m ° Di oh . 1 5 1 8 h a . u m r 1 d . e e 4 , p . 3 7 9 So th Nov b 5 .

P E F . ISC S The ishes 75 stars .

° at 1 R h h m 2 E i c a 1 . r . s. ec m r s . D e e , 55 3 5 No th b 4 . °

2 2 m. r c r 2 i h . 1 5 O e 0 fl s 57 3 . No th 3 tob .

PH CENIX . 1 3 ars. rn st Mode .

° a i oh 2 c m 6 u 2 . . 5 . em er s So th 4 Nov b 1 0 .

SCULPT S A ara u of S u r. 1 2 ar ORI pp t s the c lpto st s . Modern .

° <3 2 h m 2 i . . 5 . u 2 8 em er 1 s 3 43 3 So th Nov b .

FORNAX m a Furn 1 4 a . ar . The Che ic l ce st s Modern .

° a h 6m 6 . . s. u 2 Dec em r 2 2 3 4 So th 9 b e .

The k ! a c u es the r c a s ars ass Mil y y in l d p in ip l t in C iopea, the northern part of Andromeda ; and all th e prominent stars in Per s u a are r r m e s th t no th f o Algol . 2 1 2 5 2 LESS NS m AST 1 6 O RONOMY .

1 8 F T LESS ONS AST IRS IN RONOMY . A V B L IN F EB RUARY A D A ST RS ISI E N M R CH . 1 9

n r 69 ar . AURIGA The ! ago e . st s

° a h m 2 r anuar 2 2 . a e a. . . 5 . , C p ll 5 7 7 No th 45 J y

e ka a is eas r m a e a. fl, M n lin n 7 54 t f o C p ll

n 3 r . GEMIN I The Twi s . 5 sta s

° 8 1 h m 0 5 r 2 arc . u . . 6, Poll x . 7 . 3 7 4 No th M h

a as r is a e ar one e the er ree . er , C to , wid bin y, whit , oth g n P iod r v u u ful e ol tion do bt . ° 2 6 m 2 0 5 r 2 e ruar . T at 6h . . ej , . 7 No th F b y — r r 39 ar . CANIS MA! OR The G eate Dog . st s

° 0 6h m 8 5 u 1 6 r r 1 r us . . e ua . , Si i . . 3 9 3 So th F b y 5

N r 1 5 a . CANIS MI OR The Lesse Dog . st rs

° a m r ruar 2 8 h 2 . s. . r c . e , P o yon . 7 3 4 5 No th 5 F b y

ra 4 ar . CANCER The C b . 7 st s

° a 8h 1 m r 1 2 arc 2 0 . cu e s. . . 5 . , A b n 5 3 9 No th M h 6 Ne u a u s m and . Prwse e or Bee e . s e r p , hiv b l J t w t f o r

r rn MONOCEROS The Unicorn . 66 sta s . Mode .

° 1 i 6h m 6s r 1 0 ruar . s e 1 No 5 . 3 3 . 5 . No th F b y 3 . — A G S . 242 ar R O The hip st s.

° a 6h 2 1 m 2 a us. . . 1 1 s. u e ruar 1 0 , C nop So th 5 F b y . ° 8h 2 m 1 2 C a s. . . s. u arc , N o 3 So th 3 M h 7 . Argo is subdivided into Carina (th e keel); V ela (the sails) ; and Pu th r m ma ppis ( e ste n). So e ke Malus (the mast) a part of r A go .

The Milky ! ay passes through 1) and C in Auriga ; inc ludes El Nath on th e west and T ej at on th e east ; thence through Mono c er s e wee the d o s and r u r o , b t n two g , th o gh A go . F ST LESSONS A IR IN STRONOMY . A V B LE IN MAR CH APRI AND ST RS ISI , L MAY . 21

MA! OR r r r URSA a a . r The G e te Be 1 36 sta s.

° a D hé 1 oh 6m as r 6 2 r 2 0 ub . . . , . 5 . No th Ap il ° h 2 m 6 r a 1 s u e 1 . n, Alk id . 3 . 4 . 3 . No th 49 J n A e r m era r u Dubhé earthe e s ar lin f o M k , th o gh , passes n pol t .

r 1 ar I 1 1 i ar r e u 6 e s. h 1 m 6 s e s . 1 bin y, with p iod of vol tion of y . ° r 2 2 1 . r 3 s No th 3 Ap il 4 .

L 44 r . rn . YNX The Lynx . sta s Mode

° a h 2 6 r 2 is 1 m s arc . , 9 . 3 . . No th 3 4 5 M h 5

L 6 ar . EO The Lion . 7 st s

a e m h c e L o C and r t e e . , r, , p , , fo Si kl of ° h m r 1 2 r R u u 1 0 1 s. eg l s. . . 43 No th Ap il 7 . ° r 1 M D 1 2 m 1 5 . a 2 a 1 . . enebol . h 4 4 No th 5 y .

l i a r ears. A eib a s r . e g , bin y P iod y

r 1 5 ar . CORV US The C ow . st s

° ’

is m s r m 2 h m 2 5 . u 1 6 1 M e . 1 . . a 7 o t p o in nt 9 3 So th 5 y 9 .

T — 4 C u . 1 ar CRA ER The p st s .

° 6 l h 1 6 i m r m n 1 . m. 5 . 1 s s e . u A ri1 2 o t p o in t 3 So th 4 p 5 .

H YDRA an Sna The (l d) ke . 74 stars .

° a r h 2 1 m 2 a ar a e. . . s. u 8 arc 2 , Alph d, v i bl 9 7 So th M h 7 . ° e h i 8h 0 m 1 0 t e ea s . 5 r 6 r 1 . . a c , in h d , 4 No th 5 M h 7 . ° m is 1 h 1 2 m 8 u 2 2 see e a . . 5 . Ma 2 7 , n xt p , 3 So th y 5 .

X N ‘ n 1 r SE TA S a . 7 a . S The ext t st s Modern .

i ° . 1 h 1 m 2 s 1 o . 5 . r 0 r No 5 . 3 No th Ap il 7 .

AN L ! Air P m u . 3 ar rn . T IA The p st s . Mode

° a is 1 0 h z 1 m 6 . . s. u 0 3 So th 3 April 1 2 . F IRS T LES SON S IN ASTRONOMY . STARS V ISIBLE IN MAY AND ! UNE . 23 — 1 00 ar . V IRGO The V irgin . st s

° a 8m s u 1 0 Ma 2 6 h 1 . . r s a 1 . . , A i t , 3 3 7 So th y ° 9 2 M h . m 1 1 r Za a a l 1 . 5 . a . 1 , vij v , 4 4 No th y 3

rr ma is r 1 r a . er ea s. r, Po i , bin y P iod 75 y

m n r BO0TES r a o ar r r. 85 ar . The He ds , Be D ive st s

° a rc u 1 h m 8 5 r 1 8 rus. . . . u e . . A t 4 9 5 No th 9 J n ° 9 m r h . 1 0 e ar. 1 . s. u e 2 0 . 1 , N kk 4 57 4 No th 4 J n r s a Dene a Cor ar and rc urus rm the D am A i t , bol , C oli, A t , fo i ond V r of i go .

B 3 . COMA ( ERENICES) The Hair of Berenice . 9 stars a is ear a wa e rc urus an D u n ly h lf y betwe n A t d enebola. So th r m 1 is a c r ars the th an 6th ma f o No . 5 luste of st of s d g i s n tude .

— h n 31 r . LIB RA T e Bala ce . sta s

” ° a h h m 1 Zu enesc . 1 . 8 u b . s. u e 1 , 4 4 3 5 So th 5 J n 7 . ° h 1 8 2 Zu n l . 1 . c m. 1 s u u . b e e . e fl, g 5 7 So th J n 4

. 4 CENTAURUS The Centaur 1 stars .

° 1 6 Ma 2 i 1 h 1 m s. u . s . , 3 . 3 3 5 So th 3 y 5 a h l imi m B ar r 8 is s u t t s a . e o th of e of thi p in y, with p iod of 7

ears T he eares s ar to our sun . D s a ce ear y . n t t i t n n ly ° m I 1 h 1 m 8 u 60 s s . 5 . ile . 4 . 3 So th

1 J une 4 . i a r aur s is 1 2 h 2 s a e u . m. 1 s rux the C ro . . C , ss , p t of C nt r 4 5 ° South 56

— 2 r L P f. 4 U Us The ! ol sta s .

° h 6m u 2 8 is 1 . 2 . 5 . u 0 ne 7 5 49 So th 4 J .

Th e k ! a r m Ar o eas ar r u Mil y y passes f o g , tw d th o gh es at 9 e aurus and ur s r ar c r divid 1 in C nt , t n no thw d to S o pio . F L ES S ONS IN AS PR N 24 IRST O OMY .

t —b

F I S SSONS IN T 26 R T LE AS RONOMY . 1 1 15 P B STARS 17 5 1 131 1 1 ; AUGUST AN D SE TEM ER . 27

T S r 9 SAG A r. 6 IT ARIU The che stars.

° a i 1 8h m 1 5 u 2 6 u us 1 8 s . . . 4 7 3 So th A g t . ° h m 2 u e. 1 . . 5 . u u us . r, do bl 7 57 3 So th 9 A g t 5 ° rk ur R amih u r b 1 m U ab e. 5 u fl, , do bl g . 3 . 3 9 . So th 44

P N 45 r . CA RICOR US The Goat . sta s

” ° a i i 2 0 h 1 1 m u 1 2 a d . . 5 e em r cu e . 8 e G . e , S nd 7 So th S pt b . ° 6 i 2 c m 85 u 1 6 Oc r 1 1 e . s h . 4 . . So th tob

2 l 8 ar . . A!UILA The Eagle . st s O d

u is a m r a o the c s a Antinous (a yo th) ode n dditi n to on tell tion. ° m r a h m 1 s r h 8 e e e 1 . a r 1 . . . Alt i . 9 44 4 No t S pt b ° A m u us 2 1 8 5 u . i 1 h . . s . 59 3 7 So th 5 A g t

SAG TA Arr w 1 6 tars. IT The o . s

N r m a r an a r ea ly idw y b etween Albi eo d Alt i .

V U P CU A Fox or V U PECUL A ET ANS R Th L E L The , L E e

3 r . rn a . Fox and Goose . 7 st s Mode

° a r is 3 south from Albi eo . — M . 1 0 r MICROSCOPIU The Microscope sta s . Modern .

° I a h 2 m 1 0 5 u 1 e em r 1 6 z o . e is . 4 . So th 34 5 S pt b .

CORONA A AL S S u rn r wn . 1 2 r USTR I The o the C o sta s .

° a 8 u 8 u 2 1 i b o m s. s s l . u . g . 5 So th 3 A g t

Th e ! a is u e s r Th Milky y do bl in thi egion . e western branch r u O ucus and er re r e Th a r passes th o gh phi , ov Albi o to A id d . e e ste n ra ch c u es 2 and u a and and 3 b n in l d rin Aq il , r in Sagitta ; uniting the er ear r e e r u Lacer a with oth n A id d th n passes th o gh t . FI ST LES SONS AST 28 R IN RONOMY .

‘ fl i m —i a BL IN B STARS V ISI E SEPTEM ER AND OCTOB ER . 29

PE S r 1 r 0 8 a . GASU The ! inged Ho se . st s

° a 2 2 h 8m 2 ar a . . . 5 r 1 Oc er 2 0 , M k b 5 3 . No th 4 tob .

’ ° o h 6m 8 . m r e . . s. r 1 e e . r, Alg nib 4 No th 4 Nov b 7 ° e 2 1 h 8m m r E . . 5 . r . e e e 0 . , nif 3 3 No th 9 S pt b 3 ar a c ea and era z rm the uar M k b , Algenib , S h t Alph t , fo Sq e a u Peg s s.

E LE — r 1 3 !UU US The Little Ho se . stars .

6 i r m E s west f o nif.

DELP H I s n 20 r . NU The Dolphi . sta s

° R tan n z o h 1 m 2 5 r 1 m o e . . . . e e er 1 3, 3 4 No th 4 S pt b 3 .

— ‘ TELE C P UM . 9 ar . n S O I The Telescope st s Moder .

° is eas r m Lesa a e 7 3 t f o th . (P g ° a i 1 m 8 . 2 . u 6 1 s 1 h . 5 u us 0 7 4 So th 4 A g t .

A Th ! a r! r r 8 UAR IUS e a . 1 0 a ! te Be e st rs.

° a m m 2 2 a a 2 1 h . 5 e . . . u 0 Oc er , S d l lik 59 So th tob 5 . ° a a uu 2 h m u 6 m s . 1 . 2 . 5 . e e er 2 fi, S d l d 4 59 So th S pt b 7 . ° 6 a 2 2 8m 1 u 1 6 O r 1 8 h . 5 c . c e . e , S h t . 4 . So th tob 7 71 m h Y uar us C ar and r t e . (bin y), r, 7, fo of Aq i

PISCIS A AL S S u rn F . 24 r USTR I The o the ish sta s .

° a ma au 2 2 h 0 m s u 0 c er 1 8 . O , Fo lh t . 5 . 44 . So th 3 tob .

r n 1 4 ar . rn . GRUS The C a e . st s Mode

° a 2 2 h c m 2 0 u O r 6 s 5 . c e . i . . So th 4 7 tob

The k ! a r m r e r u Lacer a and Mil y y passes f o A id d , th o gh t ; inc ludes C and 5 in Cepheus ; with all the stars in Cassiop ea that are s s ma hown on thi p .

On the two following maps the small cross ( x ) indicates the th u The k ! a e ee Al u position of e so th pole. Mil y y passes b tw n ' d ra an T ur is c u es a s 3 t and r a e and 5 d e ; in l d N o , r, , , in A go ; , , 1 ru 9 aurus a Circinu 1 Lu u and T in C x ; { in Cent ; in s ; ) in p s ; , n 0 i r m a an a Ara C a d c r n us r d . , in S o pio ; pass g j t no th f o in 3 0 F IRST LESSONS IN ASTRONOMY . S A S N AR TH E S T T R E OU H POLE. 31 H E M T PR OMIN ENT PLAN ET T OS S .

N S The f w n are a r mate m of Inf r r V E U . ollo i g pp oxi ti es e io r n a n i 0 da f r n n. a a s s be Conj u ctio G e test elo g tio e st 7 y o e , r a n a n w is 70 a aft r t a : g e test elo g tio est d ys e , hese d tes

8 u 1 8 2 u 8 1 0 0 u 1 0 . 1 6 . u 1 . . J ly 9 , 9 J ly , 9 J ly 5 , 9 J ly 3 , 9 1 2 1 1 0 F 1 1 8 F 1 1 0 2 Feb . eb . . eb . . . Feb . 4 , 9 , 9 9, 9

t 1 1 0 e . 1 1 1 1 . e t. 1 2 1 1 . 8 1 8 . e . . e 1 . S pt . 95 S p 7 , 9 3 S pt 5, 9 S p , 9 9 A r 1 2 1 1 r 2 2 1 2 1 i 1 i . . 8 r 2 0 . A r 1 2 8 1 . p , 97 A p il 7 , 9 5 p 4 , 9 3 Ap il , 9

8 2 1 0 6 . . 2 1 1 . . 2 1 2 2 . 8 . 1 1 . Dec . , 9 Nov 9, 9 Nov 7 , 9 4 Nov 4 , 9

— f w n are a r ma t m of O osi MARS . The ollo i g pp oxi te i es pp t n to the un on the mer d an at m d n h crosses the io S , i i i ig t ; meridian above the pole at 9 about 3 5 days after these dates

Au 8 2 Fe 2 1 1 1 2 Mar 1 1 1 8 . . 1 . b 0 e 1 0 . g 3 , 9 . , 9 . S pt , 4 , 9 9 . 4 , 9 Mar 2 1 0 1 1 1 A rl l 2 0 2 0 Oct. 2 0 1 8 Nov 2 1 . , 94 . . 7 , 9 3 , , 4 , 9 , p , 9

D 0 1 8 6 Ma 0 n 1 1 u e 1 2 2 . ec 1 8 1 . a . , 9 . y , 9 5 ! . 5, 9 4 . J n 9, 9 8 1 0 F 8 1 1 6 Au 2 1 2 an 1 1 . u eb . ! . 9 , 99 J ly 4 , 9 7 . . , 9 . g . 3 , 9 4

P — Th f of O !U ITER . e ollowing are approximate times p position to the Sun ; is on the me ridian above the pole at 9

P . M. abo ut 40 d ays after these dates

t 1 8 2 M Oc . 2 1 . a 2 1 00 an 2 1 0 8 e 1 1 1 . , 9 y 7 , 9 . ! . 9, 9 . S pt . 7 , 9 5 1 8 1 8 u 0 1 0 1 6 . e 1 . Feb 2 8 1 0 Oct 2 1 . Nov , 93 . J n 3 , 9 . , 9 9 , . 4 , 9 De 2 2 1 8 Au 2 1 1 c . 1 0 M 2 . ar 0 1 1 0 . , 94 , g . 5 , 9 . 3 , 9 . Nov . 9, 9 7

an 2 1 8 6 . e 1 2 1 0 A ril 0 1 1 1 an 1 1 1 ! , 4 , 9 S pt . , 9 3 . p 3 , 9 . ! . , 9 9 .

Feb 2 1 8 Oct 1 1 0 u e 1 1 1 2 Feb 1 2 0 . . 3 , 9 7 . . 9, 9 4 . J n , 9 . . 3 , 9 Mar 2 8 2 1 1 8 . 2 1 0 u 1 1 Mar 1 . , 5 , 9 Nov . 4 , 9 5 . J ly 5 , 9 3 . . 4 , 9 A ri1 2 1 8 De 2 8 0 Au A r 1 2 2 c 1 6 . . 1 0 1 1 . p 5 , 99 . . , 9 g , 9 4 , p . 4 , 9

A S TUR N . The following are approximate times of Oppo o u th n is n n siti to e S u o the meridia above the pole at 9 E M. abo ut 44 d ays after these d ates

Mar 1 6 1 8 2 une 1 1 1 8 e 1 0 6 Dec 6 1 1 . , 9 , J , 99 . S pt . 4 , 9 . . , 9 3 . M r 2 8 0 0 D 2 a 1 u e 2 1 0 e 1 1 ec 1 1 1 . . 9 . 93 , J n 3 , 9 . S pt . 7, 9 7 , . , 9 4

A rl l 1 1 1 8 u 1 0 1 e t 2 1 0 8 an. p , 94 , J ly 5 , 9 . S p . 9, 9 , ! r 2 1 8 u 1 1 0 2 O 1 1 0 an 1 1 1 Ap il 3 , 95 , J ly 7 , 9 . ct . 3 , 9 9 . ! . 7, 9 7 . Ma 1 8 u 2 1 0 6 1 1 0 an 1 1 1 8 6 . Oct 2 . . y 5 , 9 . J ly 9 , 9 3 . , 9 ! . 3 , 9 1 1 Au 0 1 1 1 F 1 1 1 Ma 8 . 1 0 1 . eb y 7 , 97 . g , 9 4 . Nov 9, 9 , . 4 , 9 9 , 8 Au 2 1 2 Ma 0 1 8 . 2 2 1 0 2 2 1 1 2 Feb . 6 0 . y 3 , 9 g. , 9 5 . Nov. , 9 . , 9

To avoid fine this book shou d be re urned on , l t or before the date last stamped below 1 0 , —0 4 0

9 3 1 UNIV ERS lTY