Little Melton to Hethersett Pipeline: Strip, Map and Sample Excavation and Watching Brief Across Prehistoric Roman and Medieval Norfolk
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Post-Excavation Assessment Little Melton to Hethersett pipeline: Strip, Map and Sample excavation and watching brief across Prehistoric Roman and Medieval Norfolk Strip, Map and Sample Excavation and Watching Brief August 2016 Client: Anglian Water OA East Report No: 1737 OASIS No: oxfordarch3-193697 NGR: TG1472 0521 – TG 1624 0779 Little Melton to Hethersett pipeline: Strip, Map and Sample excavation and watching brief across Prehistoric, Roman and Medieval Norfolk Post-excavation Assessment and Updated Project Design By Anthony Haskins BSc MSc ACIfA With contributions by Sue Anderson BA MPhil MCIfA FSA Scot, Rachel Fosberry ACIfA, Paddy Lambert BA (Hons), Alice Lyons MA MCIfA, Rebecca Nicholson DPhil MA BA MCIfA, Sarah Percival BA MA MCIfA, Lena Strid, Editors: Liz Popescu BA PhD MCIfA FSA and Stephen Morgan MA MSc ACIfA Illustrator: Charlotte Walton MPhil Report Date: June 2016 © Oxford Archaeology East Page 1 of 110 Report Number 1737 Report Number: 1737 Site Name: Little Melton to Hethersett Pipeline HER Event No: ENF135276, ENF135277 & ENF135278 Date of Works: October 2014 to January 2015 Client Name: Anglian Water Client Ref: Planning Ref: Grid Ref: TG1472 0521 – TG 1624 0779 Site Code: ENF135276, ENF135277 & ENF135278 Finance Code: XNFHLM14 Receiving Body: NCC Stores Accession No: Prepared by: Anthony Haskins Position: Project Officer Date: 04/08/2016 Checked by: Paul Spoerry Position: Regional Manager Date: 04/08/2016 Signed: .................................................................................................. Disclaimer This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Oxford Archaeology being obtained. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person/party using or relying on the document for such other purposes agrees and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify Oxford Archaeology for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person/party by whom it was commissioned. Oxford Archaeology East, 15 Trafalgar Way, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ t: 01223 850500 f: 01223 850599 e: [email protected] w: http://thehumanjourney.net/oaeast © Oxford Archaeology East 2015 Oxford Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No: 285627 © Oxford Archaeology East Page 2 of 110 Report Number 1737 Table of Contents Summary.......................................................................................................................................9 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................10 1.1 Project Background..................................................................................................10 1.2 Geology and Topography.........................................................................................10 1.3 Archaeological and Historical Background..............................................................10 1.4 Acknowledgements..................................................................................................12 2 Project Scope.........................................................................................................................12 3 Interfaces, Communications and Project Review...............................................................13 4 Original Research Aims and Objectives..............................................................................13 4.1 Original Research Objectives..................................................................................13 5 Summary of Results..............................................................................................................15 5.1 Site Phasing.............................................................................................................15 5.2 ENF135276..............................................................................................................15 Period 1: Prehistoric and natural features (Fig. 2; Plates 1 & 2).....................................15 5.3 ENF135277..............................................................................................................15 Period 1: Prehistoric and natural features (Figs 3 - 5).....................................................15 Period 2: Romano-British (Figs 4 & 5).............................................................................16 Period 5: Post-Medieval and Modern (Figs 4 & 5)..........................................................17 5.4 ENF135278 (Figs 6 & 7)..........................................................................................18 Period 1: Prehistoric and natural features (Fig. 7)...........................................................18 Period 2: Roman (Fig. 6)..................................................................................................18 Period 3: Late Saxon and Early Medieval (Figs 6 & 7)....................................................18 6 Factual Data and Assessment of Archaeological Potential...............................................20 6.1 Stratigraphic and Structural Data.............................................................................20 6.2 Documentary Research...........................................................................................22 6.3 Artefact Summaries..................................................................................................22 6.4 Environmental Summaries.......................................................................................26 7 Updated Research Aims and Objectives.............................................................................28 7.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................28 7.2 Regional Research Objectives.................................................................................28 7.3 Local Research Objectives......................................................................................30 7.4 Site Specific Research Objectives...........................................................................31 8 Methods Statements for Analysis........................................................................................32 © Oxford Archaeology East Page 3 of 110 Report Number 1737 8.1 Stratigraphic Analysis...............................................................................................32 8.2 Illustration.................................................................................................................32 8.3 Documentary Research...........................................................................................33 8.4 Artefactual Analysis..................................................................................................33 8.5 Ecofactual Analysis..................................................................................................35 9 Report Writing, Archiving and Publication..........................................................................35 9.1 Report Writing..........................................................................................................35 9.2 Storage and Curation...............................................................................................35 9.3 Publication...............................................................................................................35 10 Resources and Programming.............................................................................................35 10.1 Project Team Structure..........................................................................................35 10.2 Stages and Tasks...................................................................................................36 11 Ownership.............................................................................................................................37 Appendix A. Context Summary with Provisional Phasing....................................................38 A.1 ENF135276..............................................................................................................38 A.2 ENF135277..............................................................................................................39 A.3 ENF135278..............................................................................................................48 Appendix B. Finds Reports......................................................................................................60 B.1 Worked Stone...........................................................................................................60 B.2 Flint...........................................................................................................................63 B.3 Prehistoric Pottery ENF135276................................................................................69 B.4 Prehistoric Pottery from ENF135277........................................................................71 B.5 Roman Pottery from ENF135277.............................................................................73