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Dépôt Institutionnel de l’Université libre de Bruxelles / Université libre de Bruxelles Institutional Repository Thèse de doctorat/ PhD Thesis Citation APA: Tauleigne Chagas Gomes, A. C. (2005). Différenciation et hybridation chez trois espèces endémiques d'Armeria (Plumbaginaceae) du littoral portugais (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Université libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des sciences, Bruxelles. Disponible à / Available at permalink : https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/210953/1/ed75f890-9ecb-4095-bd82-da88d6194028.txt (English version below) Cette thèse de doctorat a été numérisée par l’Université libre de Bruxelles. L’auteur qui s’opposerait à sa mise en ligne dans DI-fusion est invité à prendre contact avec l’Université ([email protected]). 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Toute autre utilisation non mentionnée ci-dessus nécessite l’autorisation de l’auteur de l’œuvre ou de l’ayant droit. ------------------------------------------------------ English Version ------------------------------------------------------------------- This Ph.D. thesis has been digitized by Université libre de Bruxelles. The author who would disagree on its online availability in DI-fusion is invited to contact the University ([email protected]). If a native electronic version of the thesis exists, the University can guarantee neither that the present digitized version is identical to the native electronic version, nor that it is the definitive official version of the thesis. DI-fusion is the Institutional Repository of Université libre de Bruxelles; it collects the research output of the University, available on open access as much as possible. The works included in DI-fusion are protected by the Belgian legislation relating to authors’ rights and neighbouring rights. 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D 03341 urNiVEKSlTE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES Faculté des Sciences Département de Biologie des Organismes Laboratoire de Génétique et d’Ecologie Végétales Différenciation et hybridation chez trois espèces endémiques d^Armeria (Plumbaginaceae) du littoral portugais. Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du titre de Docteur en Sciences, orientation Biologie Végétale par Ana Cristina Tauleigne Chagas Gomes Promoteur Professeur Claude Lefèbvre Année académique 2004-2005 UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES Faculté des Sciences Département de Biologie des Organismes Laboratoire de Génétique et d’Ecologie Végétales Différenciation et hybridation chez trois espèces endémiques û^Armerîa (Plumbaginaceae) du littoral portugais. Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du titre de Docteur en Sciences, orientation Biologie Végétale par Ana Cristina Tauleigne Chagas Gomes Promoteur Professeur Claude Lefebvre Année académique 2004-2005 Soutenue le 13 Septembre 2005 devant le jury composé de José ESCARRÉ - Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier. Olivier HARDY - Université Libre de Bruxelles. Claude LEFEBVRE - Université Libre de Bruxelles (Promoteur). Amélia MARTINS LOUÇÂO - Université de Lisbonne; MNHN-Jardin Botanique. Pierre MEERTS - Université Libre de Bruxelles (Président). Xavier VEKEMANS - Université de Lille. Renata WESSELINGH - Université Catholique de Louvain. Abstract Différentiation and hybridisation in three endemic species of Armeria {Plumbaginaceae) from portuguese littoral This thesis aims to study interspecific différentiation in the Genus Armeria {Plumbaginaceae) notably known for its taxonomie difficulties due to a generalised intergradation between numerous species. More than any other factors, hybridisation is hypothesised to be responsible for the continuum between taxa. Three Coastal endemic species ffom the centre of Portugal were chosen that may provide us with data about interspecific différentiation process in Armeria . A. berlengensis and A. pseudoarmeria are micro-endemics restricted to small distribution areas respectively to the Berlengas Archipelago and to the surroundings of the Cabo da Roca .The third species , A. welwitchii, is extending from Lisbon to Figueira da Foz 200km to the North .It is adjacent to A. pseudoarmeria and ten km apart from A. berlengensis. Morphometric analysis using multivariate methods revealed a clear différentiation of A. pseudoarmeria from the two other species between which we did not detect discontinuity so that their spécifie status may be questioned. Nevertheless partial reproductive isolation exists between these two geographically separated species (experimental Fl hybrids are partly stérile) and consequently their spécifie status should be maintained. Although quite distinct in their typical habitat , A. pseudoarmeria and A. welwitschii may hybridise when in contact and large and large intermediate populations occur lasting for décades. Such populations house parental morphotypes and intermediates morphotypes which are phenotypically Fl like and backerosses like. Such populations are found in abandoned agricultural fields since the sixties. In the hybrid zone we used the ‘Logistic Régression’ method to typify the two parental and the three hybrids morphotypes. We estimated the reproductive efficiency (pollen fertility and seed set) of the five morphotypes . Fl like morphotypes appear as the worst performer but some Fl (25%) were fully fertile as were parental types . Reciprocal transplant experiment in the field of parental and Fl morphotypes along a clinal pattern did not reveal an advantage of the Fl in the intermediate zone .On the whole ,the ‘Tension Zone Mode!’ , where a continuons production of hybrids and a sélection against them are counteracting , seems to correspond to what is happening along the cline. Conversely we detected signs of ecotypic spécialisation for the Fl morphotype ;it shows a biogeochemical specificity for major nutrients and occurs in a somewhat peculiar plant community. We finally concluded that sélection against Fl hybrids is weak and that they may be on the way to evolve ecological spécialisation. Résumé Différenciation et hybridation chez trois espèces endémiques à*Armeria (Plumbaginaceaé) du littoral portugais Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier la différenciation interspécifique chez le Genre Armeria {Plumbaginaceae) notablement connu comme présentant des difficultés taxonomiques liées au manque de solution de continuité entre de nombreuses espèces ; plus que tout autre facteur, l’hybridation est invoquée comme étant responsable du continuum entre taxa. Nous avons choisi trois espèces du littoral du centre du Portugal susceptibles de nous fournir des données sur le processus de différenciation interspécifique chez Armeria : deux micro­ endémiques limitées à des aires de distribution restreintes A. berlengensis et A. pseudoarmeria, et ime troisième espèce A. welwitchii, dont l’aire de distribution, plus ample, est adjacente à A. pseudoarmeria et voisine de A. berlengensis. Une analyse morphométrique utilisant des méthodes multivariées a montré une nette différenciation de A. pseudoarmeria par rapport aux deux autres espèces entre lesquelles nous n’avons pas trouvé de discontinuité. Ces trois espèces sont en outre séparées par des limites partielles du flux génique (stérilité de l’hybride, phénologie de la floraison) pour A. pseudoarmeria et A. welwitschii (stérilité de l’hybride, isolement géographique) pour A. berlengensis et A. welwitschii, si bien que le statut spécifique devrait être conservé. Cependant, nous avons montré que A. pseudoarmeria
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