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Stateless Citizenship Studies in Critical Social Sciences

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Stateless Citizenship Studies in Critical Social Sciences Stateless Citizenship Studies in Critical Social Sciences Series Editor David Fasenfest Wayne State University Editorial Board Chris Chase-Dunn, University of California-Riverside G. William Domhofff, University of California-Santa Cruz Colette Fagan, Manchester University Martha Gimenez, University of Colorado, Boulder Heidi Gottfried, Wayne State University Karin Gottschall, University of Bremen Bob Jessop, Lancaster University Rhonda Levine, Colgate University Jacqueline O’Reilly, University of Brighton Mary Romero, Arizona State University Chizuko Ueno, University of Tokyo VOLUME 54 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/scss Figure 1. Taken in Haifa on October 06, 2012, the cover image is a graffiti in the predomi- nantly Arab district of Wadi Nisnas and says “Haifa is the heart of Palestine” in Arabic. Painted in a city praised in official channels as exemplifying Israeli democracy and peace- ful coexistence between Arabs and Jews, the graffiti illustrates the alienation of the Arab citizenry from Israeli society and the strong connection to their Palestinian identity. Interestingly, by the next evening, on October 07, the graffiti was already painted over. This too accounts for Arab marginalization in Israel and reveals the mechanisms of control and surveillance of Arab political and social expression in the country. Photo by Shourideh C. Molavi. Stateless Citizenship The Palestinian-Arab Citizens of Israel By Shourideh C. Molavi LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched (KU). KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality content Open Access for the public good. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. Cover illustration: “Haifa is the heart of Palestine.” Photo by Shourideh C. Molavi, October 06, 2012, Haifa (Wadi Nisnas), Israel. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Molavi, Shourideh C. Stateless citizenship : the Palestinian-Arab citizens of Israel / by Shourideh C. Molavi. pages cm. -- (Studies in critical social sciences ; 54) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-25406-0 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-25407-7 (e-book) 1. Palestinian Arabs--Legal status, laws, etc.--Israel. 2. Citizenship--Israel. I. Title. JQ1830.A92M85 2013 324.6089’9274--dc23 2013018462 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1573-4234 ISBN 978-90-04-25406-0 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25407-7 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. Brill has made all reasonable efforts to trace all rights holders to any copyrighted material used in this work. In cases where these efforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from copyright holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Only in a world in which the spaces of states have … perforated and topologically deformed and in which the citizen has been able to recognize the refugee that he or she is – only in such a world is the political survival of humankind today thinkable. (Giorgio Agamben, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, 2000) The foreigner is first of all foreign to the legal language in which the duty of hospitality is formulated, the right to asylum, its limits, norms, policing, etc. He has to ask for hospitality in a language which by definition is not his own, the one imposed on him by the master of the house, the host, the king, the lord, the authorities, the nation, the State, the father, etc. This personage imposes on him translation into their … language and that’s the first act of violence. (Jacques Derrida, “Foreigner Question,” in Of Hospitality, 2000) CONTENTS Preface �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ix Acknowledgments ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xiii List of Figures ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xv Introduction ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 A New Chapter of Palestinian History �����������������������������������������������������������7 A Word on Zionism ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 14 Organization of the Book �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 1. Liberal Citizenship: Ambiguities and Inconsistencies ��������������������������� 23 Framing Citizenship ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 Theorizing Citizenship ������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 26 Citizenship beyond the State ������������������������������������������������������������������� 28 Problematizing Legal Categorizations ��������������������������������������������������� 34 Racial State, Racialized Citizenship �������������������������������������������������������� 41 2. The Israeli Incorporation Regime ���������������������������������������������������������������� 43 Colonizing the Land of Milk and Honey ����������������������������������������������� 43 A Multifaceted Discrimination ���������������������������������������������������������������� 50 Legislative Level �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 50 Formal and Declarative Levels ������������������������������������������������������������ 58 Structural and Institutional Levels ���������������������������������������������������� 63 Mass Protests of October 2000 ����������������������������������������������������������� 67 Acre Riots of 2008 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 68 The 2008–2009 War on Gaza ������������������������������������������������������������� 69 Criminalizing Arab Political Participation and Discourse ���������� 71 Targeting Arab MKs: From Bishara to Zoabi ����������������������������������� 75 Arab Civil Society: A Non-State Alternative ������������������������������������ 78 Response to the Rise of Arab Civil Society: The Case of Ameer Makhoul ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 82 Operative and Budgetary Level ����������������������������������������������������������� 87 Israeli Apartheid: Beyond South Africa ������������������������������������������������� 98 3. Israeli Hostipitality ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������107 From Hospitality to Derridean ‘Hostipitality’ ������������������������������������108 Oscillating between Host and Guest ����������������������������������������������������113 Israeli ‘Hostipitality’ �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������115 viii contents 4. Liberal Pretence of a Jewish State ��������������������������������������������������������������121 The UN Partition Plan of 1947 ���������������������������������������������������������������122 The Principle of ‘Two States for Two Peoples’ �����������������������������������127 Israel as a ‘State for all of its Citizens’ ���������������������������������������������������129 Rashid Bey: The de-Palestinianized Arab �������������������������������������������133 Zionist Democracy in a Comparative Context ����������������������������������135 Israeli Demographobia �����������������������������������������������������������������������������138 Liberal Rubber Stamp for Israeli Crimes ���������������������������������������������144 5. From Citizenship to Stateless Citizenship �������������������������������������������������147 ‘Israeli’ and ‘Palestinian’ as Incomplete Identities ���������������������������148 Defining the ‘Israeli’ Nation ��������������������������������������������������������������������153 Research on Palestinians in Israel: An Overview ������������������������������158 Formulating Palestinian Citizenship ���������������������������������������������������168 Stateless Citizenship ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������179
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