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Mines and Mineral Resources of Monterey County, California

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Mines and Mineral Resources of Monterey County, California MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA COUNTY REPORT 5 CALIFORNIA DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY LIBRAE? UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS JUL 6 1967 GOV'T. DOCS. - LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of California, Davis Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/minesandmineral05hart MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA BY EARL W. HART California Division of Mines and Geology COUNTY REPORT 5 California Division of Mines and Geology 1966 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS OF STATE OF CALIFORNIA EDMUND G. BROWN, Governor THE RESOURCES AGENCY HUGO FISHER, Administrator DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION IAN CAMPBELL, Director DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY IAN CAMPBELL, State Geologist COUNTY REPORT 5 Price $5.00 \W Q^M 3^/for^\td 1 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 5 Limestone and dolomite Gabilan Range Santa Lucia Range jl INTRODUCTION 7 San Andreas fault zone 67 Purpose and scope 7 Magnesite and magnesium compounds __ 69 Method of investigation _ 7 Manganese 70 Geography ._ _ 7 Mercury 7 History of mining and mineral utilization 11 Mineral water 74 Molybdenum 74 GEOLOGY ...... 12 Olivine 74 Rock units and associated mineral deposits 13 Peat 74 Structural features 21 Petroleum and natural gas 75 Phosphates ____ _ 80 Salt __ _____ 81 MINES AND MINERAL DEPOSITS.. ...... 22 Sand and Gravel 84 Arsenic 26 Quaternary beach and dune deposits 84 Asbestos 26 Quaternary stream deposits 98 Barite 28 Older formations ____ ___ __._ ____ .... 1 05 Bituminous sandstone 29 Silver 107 Chromite _ 31 Stone - 1 08 Clay 32 Crushed and broken stone 109 Coal __ 33 Dimension stone 110 Copper _ 36 Tungsten 113 Diatomite 36 Uranium and thorium 114 Feldspar 41 Gem stones _. 43 BIBLIOGRAPHY 115 Gold __ 44 Lead.... 52 TABULATION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS 119 [3] 1 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Page Plate 1. Geologic map of Monterey County showing mines Photo 11. View northeast across Peach Tree Valley toward Mus- and mineral deposits In Pocket tang Ridge 20 Plate 2. Map of underground workings— Stone Canyon coal Photo 12. Looking east from Presidio of Monterey across south- mine _ In Pocket ern Monterey Bay 20 Table 1. Summary of economic geology of Monterey County. 14 Photo 13. View northeast from Chews Ridge toward Sierra de Table 2. Mineral production of Monterey County, 1889-1964 __. 23 Salinas 22 Table 3. Oil and uranium contents of several bituminous sand- Photo 14. White dumps from barite workings on Rocky Ridge stone deposits in Monterey County 30 near Fremont Peak 27 Table 4. Chemical analyses of carbonate rock samples from Pico Photo 15. Closeup of white crystalline barite veins cutting gray Blanco deposit 65 dolomitic limestone west of Fremont Peak 28 Table 5. Production and disposition of oil, gas and water at San Photo 16. View of hills formed in diatomaceous rocks of the Ardo oil field 79 Monterey Formation north of Homes Valley 38 Photo 17. Old adit at Riewerts diatomite Table 6. Chemical and screen analyses of Moss Beach "flint" deposit 38 sand produced by Owens-Illinois 99 Photo 18. Thin chert interbeds in diatomite of the Monterey For- mation south of Valley Table 7. Summary of geology and development of important Hames 39 Quaternary stream deposits, Monterey County 101 Photo 19. Detail of banded sequence of limestone and dolomite at Fremont Peak Table 8. Geologic formations in Monterey County containing po- 54 tentially useful sources of stone products 108 Photo 20. Aerial view of Natividad dolomite quarry and plant of Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation 56 Photo 21. Rotary kilns at Natividad calcining plant of Kaiser Figure 1. Index map showing the principal geographic features Aluminum and Chemical Corporation 56 of Monterey County 8 Photo 22. Carbonate rock outcrops at Limekiln Creek 62 Figure 2. Bar diagram showing mineral production of Monterey Photo 23. Aerial view of Moss Landing magnesia plant of Kaiser County, 1 940-1 964 22 Aluminum and Chemical Corporation _ 67 Figure 3. Map— Burro Mountain asbestos prospect 27 Photo 24. Night view of Moss Landing magnesia plant 69 Figure 4. Geologic map of Fremont Peak area showing loca- Photo 25. Rotary kiln used to produce periclase at Moss Landing tions of barite workings 28 plant of Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation 69 Figure 5. Geologic map— Homes Valley diatomite 37 Photo 26. Hydraulic press used to form basic refractory brick at Figure 6. Geologic map— Diatomite west of King City 42 Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation's Moss Landing plant .. 71 Figure 7. Map— Patented claims of Buclimo gold mine 47 Photo 27. View of Recent beach and dune sands between mouth Figure 8. Schematic vertical sections of Buclimo gold mine 48 of Little Sur River and Point Sur 83 Figure 9. Map— Plaskett gold mine showing location of claims Photo 28. Dredging of modern beach sand on southern shore of and main workings _ 50 Monterey Bay 85 Figure 10. Limestone and dolomite districts in the northern Gabi- sand plant City lan Range 53 Photo 29. Granite Construction Company at Sand 86 Monterey sand plant Figure 11. Flowsheet of the Natividad dolomite quarry and Photo 30. Sand dunes and Sand Company's plant 58 at Marina, Monterey Bay 87 Pacific and Aggregates' Figure 12. Geologic map and sections of the Pico Blanco lime- Photo 31. Dredging pond at Cement stone deposit 64 Lapis sand deposit - 89 32. Pacific Aggregates' sand plant at Lapis Figure 13. Flowsheet of Moss Landing magnesia plant, Kaiser Photo Cement and _ 89 Aluminum and Chemical Corp _ 68 Photo 33. Pit at Fan Shell Beach dune deposit of Del Monte Properties 91 Figure 14. Map showing the distribution of peat deposits in Co Monterey County 75 Photo 34. Del Monte Properties Company sand plant near Pacific Grove - - 94 Figure 15. Map showing the evaporating and crystallizing ponds of Monterey Bay Salt Works 82 Photo 35. Test pit in Sawmill Gulch sand deposit of Del Monte . 96 Figure 16. Map of sand plants and dune deposits of Monterey Properties Company Peninsula 92 Photo 36. Close-up of test pit face at Sawmill Gulch sand de- Figure 17. Flowsheet of Del Monte Properties Company sand posit - 96 processing plant... 93 Photo 37. Sand dunes near Moss Beach utilized by Owens-Illinois for glass manufacture __ - 97 Photo 38. Owens-Illinois sand plant near Pacific Grove 98 Photo 1. Panorama across Salinas Valley toward northern Sierra Photo 39. Nacimiento River gravel deposit 103 de Salinas _ 9 Photo 40. South Counties Sand and Gravel Co. gravel pit at Photo 2. View southeast toward Swamp Creek area from Fre- mouth of Chalone Creek 103 mont Peak 9 Photo 41. Carmel River stream gravel deposit of Valley Rock Photo 3. View of rugged coastline and Santa Lucia Range at and Adobe Company... .~ 104 Big Creek __ 10 Photo 42. Zabala sand and gravel pit in Arroyo Seco drywash Photo 4. Bell tower of Carmel Mission 1 near Greenfield 104 Photo 5. Gristmill at Mission San Antonio de Padua 1 I Photo 43. Titus sand and gravel pit developed in Paso Robles Photo 6. Silicified dolomitic limestone at Fremont Peak 13 Formation at San Benancio Gulch 105 Photo 7. View of northern Santa Lucia Range 15 Photo 44. Haldorn decomposed granite pit near Carmel Valley. 109 Photo 8. Point Sur 16 Photo 45. Carmel Stone quarry (Passadori), Carmel Valley 110 Photo 9. Exposure of Eocene strata resting on basement com- Photo 46. Close-up of Carmel Stone quarry (Passadori) opera- plex near Church Creek 17 tions (two photos) - 112 Photo 10. View of Carmel River-Chupines Creek region 18 Photo 47. Use of Carmel Stone in home construction 113 [ 4 ] ABSTRACT Monterey County encompasses a 3,324-square-mile area that lies totally within the 1 Coast Ranges , jits rugged terrain is accented by the Santa Lucia Range which rises abruptly from the Pacific Ocean to an elevation of 5,844 feet. The broad, alluviated frl Salinas Valley separates that range from the Gabilan and Diablo Ranges to the north- east. Although the region is quite mountainous, agriculture is the foremost industry, accounting for well-over $100,000,000 production yearly. Other important industries include mining, and manufacturing based on agriculture and miningTjThe county also is noted for its natural beauty, early California history, and culture. Most of the 198,824 inhabitants are concentrated in the Salinas-Monterey Bay-Carmel Valley area where the climate is quite mild. The geology is typical of the southern Coast Ranges, being structurally and strati- graphically complex. Pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks of the Sur Series probably are the oldest rocks in Monterey County and these have been intruded by Cretaceous granitic rocks. This metamorphic-granitic complex is confined to the fault block between the northwest-trending San Andreas and Nacimiento-Sur fault zones. The Franciscan Formation and associated rocks of probable Late Jurassic and/or Cretaceous age comprise the oldest rocks of the flanking fault blocks. Overlying the "basement" rocks of the three fault blocks are a wide variety of sedimentary formations and some vol- canic rocks laid down during the Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary Periods. The rocks of the region have been subjected to strong structural deformation, resulting in the formation of important northwest-trending, right-lateral and high-angle reverse faults. Folding also has been intense in some areas but is manifested on a smaller scale. The most important mineral-bearing formations include the Sur Series (dolomite, lime- stone, barite); Franciscan Formation (gold) and related serpentine intrusives (chromite, mercury, asbestos); Cretaceous granitic rocks (stone, feldspar); Miocene sedimentary formations (oil, gas, coal, dimension stone, diatomite); and Quaternary alluvium, beach and dune deposits (sand, gravel, clay).
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