27. Assessment of Injection Practices in India
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IndiaCLEN Program Evaluation Network [IPEN] VISION Facilitate development and implementation of people friendly, effective Public Health Programs that are in harmony with their socio-cultural beliefs, thus creating a milieu where service providers get motivated and communities consider Public Health Services beneficial and willingly participate Cover Design by: Mr. Gouri Shankar Mukherjee Injection equipment, technique, rational use along with waste disposal mechanism influence the safety of an INJECTION Published by: Central Coordinating Team on behalf of IndiaCLEN Program Evaluation Network Website: http://www.ipen.org.in email: [email protected] Ph: 91-11-26960375 / 376 Printed at: Noble Vision, 198/29-B, (Basement), Ramesh Market, East of Kailash, New Delhi-110065, India, Ph: 9810115714 e-mail : [email protected] Investigators Principal Investigator & Project Coordinator Dr. Narendra K. Arora Professor Department of Pediatrics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi CCT Members Dr. Thomas Mathew Dr. S. Rema Devi Professor Associate Professor Department of Community Medicine Department of Community Medicine T.D. Medical College Medical College Alappuzha Thiruvananthapuram Ms. Sneh Rewal Dr. Kiran Goswami Consultant Additional Professor Child Development & Nutrition Department of Community Medicine United Nations International Children’s Fund, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Lodhi Estate, New Delhi New Delhi Dr. Kalyan K. Ganguly Dr. Ritu Priya Mehrotra Assistant Professor Associate Professor Institute of Human Behavior Department of Community Medicine & Allied Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University Delhi New Delhi Dr. M. Lakshman Dr. S. Vivek Adhish Consultant Social Scientist Reader, Department of Pediatrics Community Health Administration All India Institute of Medical Sciences National Institute of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi New Delhi Ms. Moumita Biswas Dr. Sanjay Chaturvedi Assistant Research Officer Professor Department of Pediatrics Department of Community Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences University College of Medical Sciences New Delhi Delhi Dr. Ravindra M Pandey Additional Professor Dept. of Biostatistics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi Extended CCT Members Dr. B. Mallikarjun Dr. T. D. Sharma Dean & Principal Principal M.R. Medical College Regional Health & Family Welfare Sedam Road Training Centre Gulbarga Kangra Dr. Faruque U. Ahmed Dr. S.K. Pradhan Professor & Head Professor Department of Community Medicine Department of Community Medicine Assam Medical College Lady Hardinge Medical College Dibrugarh New Delhi Dr. Sanjay P. Zodpey Dr. Deoki Nandan Professor Professor Department of Community Medicine Department of Community Medicine Government Medical College S. N. Medical College Nagpur Agra Dr. S. L. Chadha Dr. Sandip K. Ray Consultant: Public Health Professor & Epidemiology Department of Community Medicine New Friends Colony Medical College New Delhi Kolkata Dr. R. N. Basu Dr. Sunita Shanbhag Consultant: Public Health Associate Professor & Epidemiology Department of Community Medicine Yojana Vihar LTM Medical College, Sion New Delhi Mumbai Dr. Sheffali Gulati Dr. Pankaj Hari Associate Professor Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics All India Institute of Medical Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi New Delhi Dr. Shitanshu Uppal Dr. Vibhor Krishna Intern Intern All India Institute of Medical Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi New Delhi Dr. Kailash C. Malhotra Dr. Abdul Rauf Professor Emeritus Ex Principal & Dean Anthropometry & Human Genetics Unit Government Medical College Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata Srinagar Dr. Harish Pemde Dr. Naveet Wig Assistant Professor Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Department of Medicine Lady Hardinge Medical College All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi New Delhi Dr. Tanu Singhal Dr. Hemant Kumar Associate Professor Health Management Specialist Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Hinduja National Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences Mumbai New Delhi Investigators at each Zone Zone 01: Punjab, Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir Zonal Coordinator: Dr. Rajesh Kumar Government Medical College, Srinagar Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Dr. Muneer Ahmed Masoodi Research, Chandigarh Dr. Safoora Bilques Dr. Amarjeet Singh Dr. J.S Thakur Regional Health & Family Welfare Training Centre, Kangra Dr. S. Bandyopadhyay Dr. T.D. Sharma Dr. Sonu Goel Ms. Swaran Lata Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Government Medical College, Amritsar Rohtak Dr. Tejbir Singh Dr. Jay Kishore Dr. S.S. Deepti Dr. Manoj Bhardwaj Dr. O. Raj Goldi Dr. Sanjay Atri Dr. Kanwaljit Singh Dr. Ashwini Goel Dr. Jasleem Kaur Dr. K.C. Sharma Dr. Vikrant Prabhakar Dr. Purshottam Zone 02: Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal Zonal Coordinator: Dr. Ramesh C. Ahuja King George's Medical College, Lucknow Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi Dr. Vinod K. Srivastava Dr. S.C. Mohapatra Dr. Uday Mohan Dr. V. M. Gupta Dr. A. K. Srivastava Dr. Ramesh Chandra Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun Dr. V.K. Srivastava Dr. Ramesh Chandra Dr. Yogesh Saxena Dr. S. D. Kandpal S.N. Medical College, Agra Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh Dr. Deoki Nandan Dr. Azra Ahmed Dr. S.K. Misra Dr. Syed Manazir Ali Dr. S.P. Agnihotri Dr. S.C. Gupta Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad Dr. B. B. Maheshwari Dr. Gajendra Kumar Gupta Dr. S. N. Bhargawa Dr. Sangeeta Kansal Zone 03: Bihar, Jharkhand Zonal Coordinator: Dr. S.P. Srivastava Patna Medical College, Patna J.L.N. Medical College, Bhagalpur Dr. Raja Ram Prasad Singh Dr. R.K. Sinha Dr. Mala Sinha Dr. K.K. Sinha Dr. N.P. Verma Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Jamshedpur Dr. Manju Prasad Dr. Arun Kumar Sharma Dr. J.P. Mishra Darbhanga Medical College, Darbhanga Dr. Ashok Kumar Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi Dr. Amita Varma Dr. Vivek Kashyap Dr. Hemant Kumar Das Dr. S.K. Singh Ms. Kalpana Das A.N. Magadh Medical College, Gaya Dr. C.S. Sharma S.K. Medical College, Muzaffarpur Dr. K.N. Acharya Dr. Arbind Kumar Dr. Bijay Kishore Singh Dr. Manish Kumar Dr. S.N. Sharma Zone 04: West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar Islands Zonal Coordinator: Dr. Sandip K. Ray Medical College, Kolkata Dr. Prasanta Ray Karmakar Dr. Jayasri Mitra (Ghosh) Dr. N.C. Mondal Dr. Shyama Prasad Mitra Dr. Sarmila Mallik IUPHE, Kolkata Dr. Biswajit Biswas Dr. Madhumita Dobe Mr. Ram Narayan Mandal N.R.S. Medical College, Kolkata Dr. Ashok Kr. Mallick Dr. Samir Das Gupta Dr. Suprakas Hazra Dr. Palash Das Dr. Rabindra Nath Sinha Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan Dr. Ramaprasad Roy Dr. Nabendu Chaudhuri Dr. Bansi B Mukhopadhyay IPHA, Kolkata Dr. Nabanita Bhattacharyya Dr. Asoke Mondal Dr. Bijoy Mukherjee Dr. Dipak Pal Zone 05: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Meghalaya Zonal Coordinator: Dr. Faruque U. Ahmed Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh North East Society for Promotion of Youth & Masses, Dr. Alak Barua (NESPYM), Guwahati Dr. Bobyjeet Goswami Dr. Chiranjeeb Kakoty Dr. Swapna Kakoty Dr. Abdul Kalam Ajad Dr. Giriraj Kurse Mrs. Aloka Bhattacharjee Dr. P.K. Dutta Dr. Saumyendra Nath Sarma Dr. S.P. Sinha Dr. Ajmal Hussain Ms. Minakshi Borah Society for Nutrition Environment & Health Action (SNEHA), Dibrugarh NEIGRIHMS, Shillong Dr. Ganesh Ch. Barua Dr. C. Danaila Dr. Saurabh Borkatoki Dr. Bijit Bhattacharya Voluntary Health Association of Sikkim, Dr. Jugadhar Changmai (VHAS), Gangtok Dr. P.K. Bordoloi Dr. B. B. Rai Dr. P.J. Bhuyan Zone 06: Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland Zonal Coordinator: Dr. E. Yaima Singh Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal Aizwal Dr. L. Usharani Devi Dr. K. Zoramthanga Dr. Kh. Robindro Singh Dr. F. Lallianhlira Dr. A.K. Brogen Dr. B. Lalduhawma Dr. Thoiba Henba Dr. Vanlalrengpuia Dr. T. Gambir Singh Agartala Dr. A. Naranbabu Singh Dr. M.S. Chaudhury Dr. Tapan Kr. Das Nagaland State AIDS Control Society, Kohima Dr. Jayanta Kr. Das Dr. Kumini Kathipri Dr. Subasish Deb Barman Dr. Tiasnup Dr. Saroj Kr. Das Dr. L. Yanthan Dr. Pranab Chatterjee Dr. Limatula Dr. Kamal Reang Zone 07: Rajasthan Zonal Coordinator: Dr. Balvir S. Tomar National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur Action Research & Training for Health (ARTH), Dr. Suresh Chand Gaur Udaipur Dr. S.L. Agarwal Dr. Pavitra Mohan Dr. S.C. Gupta Dr. Sanjna Mohan Dr. M.C. Poonia PRAYAS, Chittorgarh Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur Dr. Narendra Gupta Dr. B.L. Gupta Dr. Kanhaiya Lal Sanwaria Dr. S.L. Solanki Dr. Veena Dwivedi Dr. Suman Bhansali Dr. Tej Ram Jat Dr. S. R. Negi Dr. Rajendra Tater Dhara Sansthan, Barmer Mr. Mahesh Panpalia Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer Mr. Gaurav Bhargava Dr. Anoop Tankha Dr. R.P. Yadav Dr. J.S. Broca Mr. S.L. Nepalia Zone 08: Gujarat, Diu, Daman Zonal Coordinator: Dr. Bhadresh R. Vyas M.P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar Medical College, Vadodara Dr. K. N. Pandya Dr. P.V. Kotecha Dr. Deepak Pande Dr. Sangeeta Patel Dr. V.S. Majumdar Government Medical College, Surat Dr. J.R. Damar Dr. Ratan K. Srivastava Dr. Nipin Bagla Civil General Hospital, Bhuj Dr. Naresh Godara Dr. Chetana Shah Dr. Arvind Panwar Mr. Hemant J.S. Government Medical College, Rajkot B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad Dr. Yogesh Parikh Dr. B.S. Bhavsar Dr. Umesh Patel Dr. Geeta Kedia Government Medical College, Bhavnagar C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar Dr. Hiren Deshi Dr. Kamlesh Shah Dr. Sunil Panjwani Dr. Kinjal Baxi Zone 09: Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh Zonal Coordinator: Dr. Sheila S. Bhambal Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal G.R. Medical College, Gwalior Dr. A. K. Upadhyay Dr. Ashok Mishra Dr. Pradeep Tiwari Dr. Subodh Mishra Dr. R.K.S. Kushawaha Dr. B. L. Sharma Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur Dr. U. K. Dube Dr. N. Gandhi Dr. R. Kathal Dr. M. Toppo Gramin Sewa Sanstha, Bilaspur N.S.C.D. Medical College, Jabalpur Mr. Vijay Tiwari Dr. D. K. Pal Mr. Basant Kumar Kashyap Dr. P.K. Kasar Mr. Raj Kumar Raj Mr. Babu Lal Kashyap S.S. Medical College, Rewa Mr. Prakash Pradhan Dr. S. Nandeshwar Mr. Rajendra Shukla Dr. R. Kakkar Zone 10: Orissa Zonal Coordinator: Dr. Bhagwati C. Das State Institute of Health & Family Welfare, Bhubaneswar Dr. T. Sahu Mr.