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Appalachian Culture: *Cultural Contributionsthnic Heritage Studies Program Act: Folklcre Collection; *Ohio

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Appalachian Culture: *Cultural Contributionsthnic Heritage Studies Program Act: Folklcre Collection; *Ohio ` SOCONENT PESOS!! SD 182 102 NC 011 862 AUTHOR Mullen*, Patrick B.: Place, Linna Funk TITLE . Collecting Folklore and Folklife in Obio. INSTITUT/OW Ohio State Otiv., Columbus. :AKINS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. Ethnic Heritage Studies Brar.ch, ?BB DATE 78 NOTE 197p.; For a related document, see RC 011 863. EDRS PRICE MFOI1PCOS Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Blacky; Cultural Awareness: *Cultural Background; Cultural Environment; Cultural Factors: Data Collectitt; 'Descriptive Writing: Ethnic Groups; Family Environment: *Folk Culture; Folklore Books; Humor; Language Arts: *Mexican Americans; Minority. Groups; Narration: Proverbs: Rural Population: *Social History: Teacher Education: Teaching Methods IDENTIFIERS Appalachian Culture: *Cultural Contributionsthnic Heritage Studies Program Act: Folklcre CollectiOn; *ohio ABSTRACT While many people think of folklore as part of the culture of rural, isolated, uneducated people,folklore has a such broader definition -nd can encompass all areas andbe found among all people. Folklore tradition cam include school fight songs,ghost storiesv cialdrents games, ethnic jokes, jump rope rhymesand family recipes, as well as quiltitg techniques, ballads, or tales.All of these types of folklore are discussed andillustrated in this lengthy 4manual. Although designed specifically forcollecting folklorl and 4folklife in Oh5o, the manual would be of interest tc anyone interested in American folklore. The first portion isdevoted to folklore collection and discusses the equipment needed, waysto approach people, kinds of folklore that mightbe collected, and interview techniques. A chapter on how to set up acollection project describes field techniques, release forms, notations t circumstances surrounding each interview, transcription methods andanalysis. Two _ chapters suggest the family and children asgood places to begin collection because of the rich quantity of materialavailable. Much of the manual is devoted to folklorealready collected by both high school and college students. Thiscollection includes chapters on the folklore of teenage and college students,occupations, the general population, rural and Appalachian people,African-Americans, and other ethnic groups, including the MexicanAmericans and Italian-Americans. (DS) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by MPS are the best that can bemade fres the original document. *********************************************************************** .51 'Collecting Folklore and Folklife in Ohio by. 21, Patrick B. Mullen and Linna.Funk Place Summer Institute on the Folklore and Traditions of MexLcan-Americans, Black: and Appalachian People Ohio State University, 1978 Ethnic Heritage Studies Program Department of Health, Education, and Welfare CL, 00 emmi U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH I'k lN I( )'41 11. I WI!. EDUCATIONS. WELFARE N 0(10111 IT HY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION T HO) DO( OW. NI HAS BF UN Pt Puo OW xAk liv AS PECE POM THE PE Fr/SON OP okc,ANI1AT.ONOWor,iN .)1 c1)1al..) ING T OI VIEW OP OPINIONs STATE (1 00 NOT N( I ( ',SAW( V WI PP( St NT 01 Al NA TIONA1 NsT.kl If Of t DII: All ,NAL S I OM AI tON P()54 7 ION OW PO1 Y !() !HI iNt OHMAHON kt NII H Hit 2 NOTE TO THE READER Persons interested in Ohio folklore might want to join the Ohio Folklore Society. Membership dues (as of Spring, 1978) are $4.00 a year which includes a subscription to the isartiLll of the Ohio Folklore Society. Annual meetings are held in the Spring at various locations. Those wishing to joi/should send their dues to Hank Arbaugh, Secretary-Treasurer, OhioFolklore Society, 3567 Medina Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43224; or contact the Societyin care of the Department of English, Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, Ohio, 43210. For information on current folklore activities in the state (festivals, school programs, etc.) write Timothy Lloyd, Director, Traditional Arts Program, Ohio Foundation on the Arts, 630 South Third Street, Columbuss, Ohio 43206. A long-playing record of Ohio folk music is beingproduced by the Ohio Folklife Group, c/O Department of English, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210.The record contains fiddle dance tunes, banjo pieces, spirituals, string band music, and un- accompanied ballads gleaned from Library of Congress field re- cordings made in Ohio in the 1930's and 1940's. 3 List of StUdent Collectors. Names of collectors and informantshave been omitted or changed to protect their anonymity. However, we wish to give credit to the following studentcollectOrs vhose efforts made this manual possible: Emily Abramowitz Suzie Keasey Belinda Bailey Timothy Lloyd Melanie Beck Barbara McNaughton David Bertram Rick.IMArrison Jean Black Lynell Morr Holly Boone Kathleen Myers Comilla Bowens Tina Myers Dorothy Branscom Cstrol Odenwalder Mike Brian Karen O'Quin Lynn Buchan Alan Panke Gloria Caprino -Dudley Radcliff Joanne Captain Walt Ramseyer Nancy Catalaao Denise Remy Bill Coleman Deborah Reynolds Linda Davd.s Richard Rose Abbe Feder Katherine Seiek Thomas Fraelich Nedra Stimpfle Joan Gibson Kristie Taube Marsha Gutgsell Leslie Tilton Kristine Hatas John Waibel Beverly Hawkins Ann Wangler Amy Hyler Lora Whitby Ellen Jones Barbara Williams Cristina Karmas Thomas Williams 4 COLLECTING FOLKLORE AND FOLKLIFE IN OHIO INTRODUCTION Ohio is a state rich in many folk cultural heritages. In the northern part of the state many European ethnic groups havesettled, bringing their folk costumes, dances, music and lore with them. In the southern part of the state there is a strong Appalachianfolk culture with a continuous tradition stretching back to the early mountain settlers from England, Ireland. and Scotland.Migration from Kentucky and West Virginia has brought Appalachian culture in- to Ohio's cities as well. Migrating from the south since before the Civil War, blacks have maintained Afro-American expressive culture in the state, especiallyitturbanareas. Folklore also exists among the mainstream culture. in Ohio, among occupational groups, among children, college students, the elderly,and even among the educated and affluent. The folklore students at Ohio State University are always amazed at how much folklore they find-in their own families and from their friends. This is usually because they have a miscon- ception about what folklore is.Most people think of folklore as something from rural, isolated, uneducated people which is dying out. A folklorist has a much broader definition of it and finds folklore in all areas and among all people. Oral traditions con- tinue to serve important functions for people today, and as long as this is true, folklore will continue to be aviable part of our 0 culture. Another misconception aboutlolklore is that it is always negative or untrue. ("Oh, that's just folklore.") Folklore can be true or false and is often a combination of both. In one sense folklore can be thought of as the traditional wisdom of the people. Proverbs contain concepts that we accept as fundamental to our way of life. "A penny saved is a penny earned." A folk recipe passed down from mother to daughter means a great 5 Aeal within the family sense oftradition. The knowledge of tradi- tional barn building was important tofarmers in Ohio, and some traditional barns still stand in the state. Studying them can tell us something about anearlier way of life, suggest migrationpat- terns, and give us a sense ofheritage. Folklife is positive and continues to be positive. The study of folk cultures meansdelving into the past and also observing the present. Ultimately, the most important result ofstudying, folklove is an understanding ofpeople. Folklore reflects the values and be- liefs of our cultures; it indicatesunderlying social attitudes and behavior patterns. This is why folklore is an important sourcefor the behavioral sciEmces:anthropr.dogy, sociology, and psychology. Through our flklore, we unconsciously revealthings, about our cul- ture and society. Children's games, for instance, reveal patterns of aggression and comi)etition which are apart of our overall American society. Folklore is also of interest to thehumanities---modern lan- guages, English, comparativeliterature and so forth---because folklore is also literature, folk poetry,ballads, tales. These can be studied for thebeauty of their-composition and forwhat they tell us about the creative process. But folklore is not the property of universityprofessors. It comes from the people and is a partof the people. The purpose of this manual is to stimulate interestin folklore and folklife among all people inthe state. You do not have to have an academic background to be a good collector of folklore. The folklore is accessible, it is all around you, and it cantell you something about yourself, your neighbor, and about the man or womanacross town whose culture differs widelkfrom your own. Adults can collect folklore in their spare time.The elderly will find it a Fascinating way to spend leisure time. School children can become excited about a project which relates directly tothings they know firsthand. 6 Since this book emphasizes folklore as a product of people, it is organized and oriente4 toward folk groups and communities rather than toward the items of folklore. Instead of dividing the took into the various genres of folklore (proverbs, riddles, songs, crafts, cookingo`dance, etc.), it is divided into some of the groups in Ohio who have strong traditions, but an attempt has been made to give examples of every genre of folklore in the process.
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