The NEWSLETTER International Hydrofoil Society P. O. Box 51, Cabin John MD 20818 USA

Editor: John R. Meyer Spring 2001 Editor: Martin Grimm

WHERE ARE YOU IN FOIL ASSISTED TOWING SYSTEM CAN CYBERSPACE?! BENEFIT THE NAVY’S LITTORAL CAPABILITY IHS relies on electronic communi- cation with the membership to improve By Mary Zoccola timeliness and reduce mailing costs. If [Reprinted with permission from WAVELENGTHS (November you are a member with email, let us know 2000) Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division] your email address! Thank you. An improvement in delivering cargo could revolutionize littoral 2001 DUES ARE DUE warfare and generate cost savings for the Navy. The Foil Assisted Towing System permits the close-coupled towing of craft or other payloads using partial hydrofoil support. The new concept bor- rows ideas from trucks and hydrofoils. Conceptually, the towing IHS Membership is still only US$20 per calendar year (US$2.50 for method is analogous to a highway tractor-trailer rig, which is students). Your renewal or new member- supported on the front by the transom of the towing craft. A hy- ship is critical. Please remit 2001 dues as drofoil supports the aft end of the trailer. The program’s goal is to soon as possible. We regret that high bank build a scale model FATS and demonstrate it successfully in a real fees make it impractical for IHS to accept operational environment. Combatant Craft Department (CCD) payment by credit card or a check drawn personnel who worked on the project were John Almeter, Jason on a non-US bank, or by other than US Marshall, and Dennis Bushey; they have applied for a patent. funds. Overseas members with no easy way to send US funds, are advised to send money order to IHS or US Dollars cash. INSIDE THIS ISSUE - President’s Column ...... p.2 - Welcome New Members....p.2 - Tabs and Interceptors...... p.4

Background - DOLPHIN ...... p.6 Towing has a long and profitable history in marine and land - TRB Annual Meeting...... p.8 transportation. Worldwide, tugs tow a wide variety of barges in - Radio Controlled Models...p.9 various manners. Current trends in marine transport are toward greater transport speeds for certain high value cargo. Naval ar- - Sailor’s Page...... p.10 See FATS, Page 3 - Letters To the Editor...... p.13 PRESIDENT’S COLUMN WELCOME NEW MEMBERS Eugene P. Clement - I am inter- ested in hydrofoils from the point of During the last several monthly priority/category system will be pro- view of utilizing an adjustable hy- Board of Directors (BoD) meetings it posed. It is expected that the resulting drofoil at the stem of a stepped plan- was suggested that the major points list will include at least 300 refer- ing boat, for stability and control of of discussion be summarized and ences. This new list will be an open the running trim angle. Recently shared with the IHS membership. To- posting on the web site available to all Tom Lang very kindly provided me ward this end, I have attempted to do web site visitors (actual document ac- with the numbers of his patents, and this here. cess would be only to IHS members). also those of Gordon Baker. Patents List users will be asked to add com- such as those provide valuable and Program activities plans include hav- ments, and/or new references, and to easily-accessible technical infor- ing Charles Edwards, President of indicate their interest in obtaining ac- mation. It seems to me that the IHS CargoLifter, Inc. speak on his com- tual documents. pany’s development of lighter-than- could provide an additional valu- air cargo lift vehicles at the 8 March Scanning of AMV documents to a able service by including a listing of Joint Dinner Meeting. The next Joint CDROM will continue. The initial patents like those of Lang and Baker Meeting (June, second week) will be CDROM will have at least 40 to 50 - including the title, date, and the the responsibility of IHS. Mark documents (mostly related to hydro- name of the inventor. I hope this Hoggard, of the NSWCCD, is the foils). The method by which this may prove to be a practical sugges- leading candidate to speak at this CDROM will be made available to tion. meeting. The 50-foot VSV (Very IHS members has yet to be deter- Jose Alberto Rosas Rodriguez - Slender Vessel) that Mark’s group is mined. It will be our intention to Jose is from Panama. He is a student testing would be the principle subject make the CDROM available to all in Naval Architecture at the Escuela addressed. The test craft at Norfolk, members at minimum cost. de Ingenieria Naval, Universidad Virginia is capable of 50-60 knots, Austral de Chile. with a significant payload. Mark At the January BoD meeting, under the New Opportunities agenda item, Bebar has subsequently firmed up Ernst T. Tschoepke - Ernst is Ger- Bill Hockberger summarized high- plans for a speaker during the second man, spent many years in Berlin, but lights of the January Transportation week of June. currently is living in Sri Lanka part Research Board (TRB) meetings held of the year. In 1970 he joined On the subject of the initiative to in Washington, DC. Bill is a member Lufthansa and took over interna- place AMV documents “ON LINE”, of this group, specifically, the Ferry tional responsibility for advertising, (see article by Ken Spaulding in the Committee. He has found their an- design and corporate communica- Winter IHS NL, page 5) it was agreed nual meetings to be most productive tion. In 1987 he took an early retire- to proceed with the development of a with respect to current US fast ferry ment which turned out to be an reference list on the IHS web site. activities Clearly there are significant excellent move since he spends the Ken Spaulding agreed to assemble an expansions of ferry service underway winters and some times some of the all hydrofoil inclusive list from in many parts of the US. Bill men- summer in his house in Sri Lanka. several sources for review by Board tioned operations in New York and His idea is to run a ferry service with members and other key IHS members Long Island Sound, San Francisco hydrofoils in Sri Lanka. Roads are before posting on the web site. Re- and Vancouver. After 2003, marine much more congested and travel viewers will be asked to add items to, engines will not be exempted from time from Colombo to the South or delete items from, this list adding IMO compliance (clean fuel will be takes up to six hours for a mere 120 comments where appropriate. When required). See article on this subject km. Ernst hopes to interest local in- available, abstracts from the Ad- by Bill Hockberger on Page 8. vanced Ship Data Bank (ASDB) at the NSWCCD will also be added. A John R. Meyer, President Continued on Page 7

Page 2 IHS Spring 2001 FATS cific requirements would determine other hydrofoils have been towed in (Continued From Page 1 ) applicability. connection with sea trials.] This ap- plication is unique because previous Since it can have extremely low resis- chitects are approaching this emerg- hybrid hydrofoils were in one craft, tance when on foil, the hydrofoil is an ing requirement in many ways. not the tractor-trailer rig-like arrange- attractive option. The low resistance Traditionally, towing is done at mod- ment of FATS. The connection to the translates to smaller horsepower re- est speeds, under 10 knots. Low towed craft provides stability and quirements and fuel consumption. speeds are adequate for low-price, control. Because of the towing, com- Various problems have prevented the bulk cargo such as iron ore, but are of- plex propulsion systems associated hydrofoils from being more widely ten inadequate for perishable and fin- with true hydrofoils are avoided. used. For example, control and stabil- ished goods. Towing goes beyond Spray from the aft foil and associated ity are major problems. Propelling a just “cargo.” Boats and equipment are strut(s) is distributed largely aft of the hydrofoil can be extremely difficult. often towed behind larger craft when towed craft. CCD was working on In practice, the hydrofoil’s simple it is impractical to stow the boat/ several efforts carrying boats and concept presents a challenge in actual equipment or when the larger craft larger boats for Naval Special War- working environments. [Ed Note: lacks means to unload or load the fare and U.S. Special Operations Hydrofoil control and stability issues boat/equipment. Transportation or Command (USSOCOM). have been addressed using automatic other requirements may constrain the control systems which have become Advantages and New Features dimensions of a ship, which can make small, lighter, more reliable and less towing essential, a common condi- costly using modern electronics. Pro- By providing a new method of deliv- tion for military craft. To be done, pulsion is more complex than ering cargo, proving this concept high-speed towing has to be techni- conventioal boats, but many solu- could revolutionize the Navy’s view cally feasible and economical. Con- tions exist and are successful.] of littoral warfare. Size of a ship and trol, resistance, and loads are major horsepower required could also be re- technical issues. The economics in- Conventional hydrofoil problems are duced, providing a great life cycle clude initial procurement, mainte- often avoided by using a hybrid craft cost savings to the Navy. In theory, nance, fuel and manning costs. that is part hydrofoil, part some other the FATS could be generic enough to craft type. Examples: Techno- be towed by multiple Navy assets Superliner, Super Shuttle 400, and making asset management simpler. Description and Operation Foilcat 2900. Hybrid hydrofoils, such Currently, NSWCCD is looking at as Russian Turya and Matka class of several different programs for trans- A FATS could be used for towing craft are a mix of semi-planing hull porting various Special Operations small equipment and cargo. The and a hydrofoil. The bottom of the Forces Craft aboard larger craft. To towed item is semi-rigidly attached to craft itself supports the aft end of the provide Navy Seals a cheaper and the towing craft at the stern in a man- craft. A hydrofoil supports the for- easier method of getting to an opera- ner similar to that of a tractor-trailer ward end. These craft have a dis- tional site, the transport, launch and rig. The transom of the towing craft placement of 250 tons. This approach recovery of an Swimmer Delivery supports a small percentage of the allows a conventional inboard pro- Vehicle (SDV) from a Patrol Coastal weight of the towed craft. When be- peller propulsion. or MK V SOC are being examined. ing towed at high speed, a hydrofoil Also being investigated are the trans- Some could argue that the FATS is a supports the majority of the towed port, launch and recovery of a Rigid hybrid hydrofoil system. The bottom weight. At slower speeds, hydrostatic or Desert Patrol Vehi- of the towed craft supports the for- forces support the towed craft. Large cle (DPV) on board. The FATS con- ward end. A hydrofoil supports the high-speed craft can use this concept cept could provide a single solution to back end. However, FATS is different to tow boats, equipment, cargo, and all these design issues. DoD could because hydrofoils have not been fuel bladders. However, when using greatly benefit from this enhanced ca- towed before by a conventional this approach it is questionable pability. It is conceptually possible monohull. [Ed Note: Author means whether it would ever be practical to for large, transatlantic cargo lines to “not generally” towed. PHMs and tow thousands of tons of cargo. Spe- use it to increase delivery times.

IHS Spring 2001 Page 3 TRADE-OFF NEEDED BETWEEN TABS largely determines the amount of lift tiveness. The tabs provided approxi- AND INTERCEPTORS generated by each device. In most mately 66 per cent more lift at ride control installations incorporat- maximum deployment. ing trim tabs, or interceptors, the span (Excerpts - Speed at Sea. Dec 2000) has to be maximized within the con- MDI says that these free-model re- straints imposed by the transom ar- sults are consistent with fixed-model In 1998, Maritime Dynamics Inc. rangement to obtain heavy weather measurements of incremental lift and (MDI) conducted a series of model operating conditions. drag from the two devices. These tests to compare and characterize the show that the lift-to-drag ratio of the performance of trim tabs and inter- Bottom pressures measured near the devices is essentially the same, ceptors. The company says that trim tabs and interceptors were dis- though the tabs are capable of pro- model tests were necessary because tinctly different, MDI says. Bottom ducing larger forces at maximum de- there was no full-scale data which pressures generated by interceptors ployment. compared trim tab and interceptor peak at the interceptor and are distrib- performance on the same hull. The uted on the hull plating ahead of the Although both control surfaces in the tests were conducted by towing a 7m interceptor as shown in Fig 1. [Ed model tests had identical spans, it monohull model fixed in six de- Note: Interceptors have been de- may be possible to use a larger span grees-of-freedom and measuring the scribed in IHS Nls Spring and Sum- for interceptors depending on the aft pressure distribution, lift force, hull mer 2000.] hull lines, and at least partially offset drag, and pitch moment generated by their lower force capability, MDI deployment of the two control sur- says. On the other hand, tabs can be faces. arranged to extend beyond the tran- som, thereby increasing their area, Trim tabs have been used to optimize and increasing the total waterline the running trim of displacement, length of the hull. Another aspect of semi-planing, and planing vessels for the trade-off between tabs and inter- many years. MDI says that it pio- ceptors highlighted by MDI is their neered the use of these devices in potential interaction with the waterjet 1991 as force producers to actively Pressures generated by tabs peak just thrust vectoring and reversing that control the motions of monohulls and aft of the hinge, and are distributed provides the excellent maneuverabil- . Well over 100 MDI ride over the tab and hull plating ahead of ity of many ferry designs in harbor. control systems incorporating trim the tab as shown in Fig 2. tabs have been commissioned on fast To get the maximum control forces ferries. available from waterjets, it is essen- tial that the hull shape and ride control The primary advantage of trim tabs effectors do not interfere with the re- cited by MDI is that they can produce verse thrust efflux at any steering an- larger forces for ride control than in- gle. By using tabs that are hinged terceptors. However the company forward of the transom, they can be points out that trim tabs are more dif- retracted into a hull recess, thereby al- ficult to integrate, add weight to the lowing the operator to take full ad- vessel, and require significant power vantage of all the control power for operation. Interceptors can be eas- available from the waterjets. In addi- ily integrated with most transom con- MDI points out that the reduction in tion to the quasi-static lift forces dis- figurations, are light, and require less trim with tab and interceptor deploy- cussed above, MDI says that trim tabs power for operation. ment are nearly identical up to 55 per are known to produce dynamic forces cent deployment. At larger deploy- because the tab has mass, and there is MDI highlights the fact that both con- ments, the trim tabs continue to re- an added mass of water that is dis- trol surfaces in the model tests had duce the trim angle in a linear fashion identical spans, as this dimension while the interceptors lose their effec- Continued on Next Page

Page 4 IHS Spring 2001 INTERCEPTORS AND TABS fitted to Incat’s following delivery, hulls last year (Speed at Sea, Decem- (Continued From Previous Page ) the 98m Evolution 1013 wavepiercer ber 1999). LA.ME reports that speed The Lynx. Developed jointly by MDI gain and steering control benefits placed by dynamic operation of the and Incat, the 8.75M2 retractable have been maintained, and the sys- trim tab. These mass terms produce T-Foil stows clear of the water in the tems have had no problems. dynamic lift forces due to Interceptor center bow when not in use. Lowered, acceleration of the tab and associated it performs the same functions as the The Italian company says that con- water during active ride control. two 4M2 T-foils mounted under ear- tracts for both steering and ride con- Measurements of actuator cylinder lier wavepiercers’ port and starboard trol interceptor systems are underway pressures during full scale trials with sidehulls near the bow. with several major owners/builders, tabs suggest that this dynamic force and also orders for and naval can be momentarily as large as the As the retractable T-Foil is clear of craft. the water during calm water opera- static force during periods of large tab A Humphree interceptor-based ride motions. tion, no speed loss is experienced and fuel savings can be gained. The sys- control system is being delivered for tem is fitted with hydraulic dampers an Italian owner’s 22m , which MDI suggests that hull resistance will that absorb energy and allow the foil is capable of speeds of over 50 knots. be the same at optimum trim, regard- to pivot upwards in the event of hit- This is to replace an existing system, less of whether the vessel is fitted ting a floating object. and features four interceptors for with tabs or interceptors. However, if trim/roll/heave control, and two in- maximizing the performance of a ride Previous T-foils were exposed to terceptors for high speed steering. control system is the objective, then damage or loss from submerged ob- Sea trials are scheduled for March. trim tabs can generate significantly jects and required the vessel to be TUCUMCARI larger roll and pitch moments than in- drydocked for installation or servic- ing. The retractable T-foil reduces terceptors. While not having the max- By Sumi Arima, IHS Member imum lift of tabs for ride control, maintenance and operational prob- interceptors have advantages in re- lems as it can be serviced while the duced fabrication, operation and vessel is afloat, and all mechanical I noticed an inquiry on the IHS web maintenance costs due to their sim- and hydraulic components are above page as to the location of the plicity of design and reduced hydrau- the waterline. Tucumcari. After the Tucumcari was lic power requirements, according to Design and fabrication of the foil was put on the reef, it was transported to MDI. carried out by MDI. The foil selected David Taylor Naval Ship Research for Evolution 10 catamarans has a and Development Center, Annapolis RETRACTABLE T-FOIL OFFERS SPEED Division (Across the water from the BENEFIT shape that is designed to allow cavita- tion-free operation well into the U S Naval Academy). The ship was (From Speed at Sea, December 45-knot speed range, and features stripped of many of the major equip- 2000) MDI’s standard trailing edge flaps ment and the remaining hull was used and inverted-T foil design. to study fire fighting techniques for Incat’s 96m Evolution 10 wave- aluminum ships. Some of the lessons piercing Milenium (hull HUMPHREE INTERCEPTORS PROVEN learned were the use of various plas- 056) featured the first of a new re- IN SERVICE tic and fiberglass pipes, which ones tractable T-foil design, which is also held up, which ones melted, and (From Speed at Sea, December which ones were toxic. This led to es- Disclaimer 2000) tablishing specifications which are used in many of the current Navy IHS chooses articles and Corsica Ferries has recently com- ships. Also studied were the effec- photos for potential interest to IHS pleted its second season with tiveness of various fire extinguishing members, but does not endorse LA.ME’s Humphree Systems inter- materials such as CO2, Halon, and products or necessarily agree with ceptors, which were retrofitted to foam. the authors’ opinions or claims. three Rodriquez Aquastrada mono-

IHS Spring 2001 Page 5 PHM MODEL WINS PRIZE Nationally recognized ship model au- damaged on the port bow from what, thorities, selected by The Mariners’ appears to have been a collision with IHS congratulates Dean Leary, of Museum, judged the competition and another ship. I don’t know if this in- Statesville NC, for his award-win- chose the winning models. The win- formation is of any use to members of ning model of the hydrofoil missile ning ship models were displayed in the IHS. As you probably know, the ship USS PEGASUS (PHM-1). This the Museum’s Collections Gallery Charleston Naval Base has been model took the Gold Medal in Divi- through Oct 2000. For more informa- closed for several years, but there ap- sion I Class B: Scratchbuilt Powered tion about the Mariners’ Museum, pears to be some commercial ship- Ship’s category of the 2000 Scale visit the website at www.mariner.org ping business there. Ship Model Competition sponsored by The Mariners’ Museum, Newport PHMs STILL AROUND HYDROFOIL CRAFT - DOLPHIN News VA. By Dean L. Leary (Extracted from an Ancient Flyer) I want to thank IHS once again for The speed and maneuverability of the your interest in my model of the Pega- Dolphin species is proverbial. Hardly sus Hydrofoil and to let you know I any other creature of the sea is com- came upon four of these ships quite parable. They master the elements by accident. My wife and I were visit- and are able to adapt themselves to ing the Confederate submarine any situation with movements as Hunley at the Charleston Naval Base, swift and sure as an arrow. Charleston, South Carolina. As we The Dolphin species was the model Scratchbuilt models are those em- were driving to the site, I noticed sev- for the development of a new type of ploying no manufactured items ex- eral very familiar ships docked near Hydrofoil craft, conceived on the cept cordage, chain, and fastenings the Hunley site. I was very excited to drawing board, under the project such as pins and nails. Such materials find four of the hydrofoils! They had name of DOLPHIN, by the Grumman as dimensioned lumber, sheet metal, been mothballed and over-painted on tubing, wire, and milled shapes are al- the upper surfaces so, as a conse- lowed as raw materials. Photo- quence, no names or numbers were etched, laser-cut, cast, or similar parts visible. mechanically or chemically dupli- cated by others from the entrant’s original master or pattern shall be considered as scratchbuilt. To recognize and encourage excel- lence in the art of building scale ship Aircraft Engineering Corporation, models, The Mariners’ Museum The foils were on the pier next to the New York, the American partners of holds an international competition ships. In addition, a good many deck Blohm and Voss. Within the frame- and exhibition every five years. features had been removed, It was work of this partnership the final de- The competition is open to completed somewhat sad to see such wonderful sign and actual construction was models built to scale by individual ships looking so abandoned. carried out at Blohm and Voss, in modelmakers, professional or ama- close cooperation with engineers teur, of all ages. Known by many as I was very excited to find these ships. from Grumman Aircraft, and the first the “Olympics” of ship model build- As a model builder, they were quite craft built was given the name ing, this fascinating competition at- interesting to me since I had never CORSARIO NEGRO. tracts models from every seafaring viewed a hydrofoil up close! One of corner of the world. the ships had been rather severely Continued on Next Page

Page 6 IHS Spring 2001 DOLPHIN of safety has been achieved through a poration, Los Angeles, take care of (Continued From Previous Page ) number of design characteristics. the worldwide sales. These include: the auto-stabilizer That the idea of travel on Hydrofoil is The CORSARIO NEGRO differs in system, which in case of a possible failure can also be operated manu- not just a technical whim, but a real many major characteristics from the commercial proposition, is proven by conventional type of Hydrofoil craft ally: the designed strength of the hull body and the struts, based on every the fact that the CORSARIO NEGRO already operating in great numbers on has already been sold to a Spanish seaways and rivers. The Hydrofoils conceivable type of stress imagin- able: and the second drive system Shipping Company, who intend to in- of this particular craft are completely troduce it into passenger service in submerged, this means they are com- which is completely independent of the gas-turbine. the Canary Islands. A calculation of pletely below the surface of the water the earning capacity has shown that at all times, and must therefore be au- Should the gas-turbine fail the craft such a Hydrofoil craft can profitably tomatically stabilised by an can continue to operate as a displace- be introduced on many routes such as auto-pilot. For this reason the ment vessel by means of two auxil- rivers, coastal and Island services etc. CORSARIO NEGRO can maintain its iary diesel engines. The cost per passenger/kilometer is, top speed of 50 knots, even at an aver- it is true, higher than the comparative age wave height of 1.80 m. The pas- With all the technical innovations the cost on conventional ferries but far sengers of course will hardly be passengers’ comfort has not been ne- less than the costs of air travel. To be aware of this seaway. The autopilot glected. Already mentioned is the borne in mind in this connection is ensures that the craft skims smoothly smooth ride, irrespective of the that the traveling time between two over the water, without inconvenient roughness of the sea. The fully points for both aircraft and Hydrofoil rolling and pitching motions. air-conditioned passenger accommo- craft is in many instances the same. dation is furnished with comfortable Remember, the aircraft is restricted to The CORSARIO NEGRO is the first upholstered seats. The effective seagoing Hydrofoil craft for passen- the use of airfields whereas the Hy- sound-proofing absorbs the noise of drofoil can use practically any land- ger service. When foilborne the craft the engines. is powered by a gas turbine rated at ing place. 3.500 HP, which drives a super- From January 1965, up to comple- With the building of this craft the cavitated variable pitch propeller via tion, the engineers from Grumman Blohm and Voss shipyard has, in a newly developed Z-gearing system. worked together with Blohm and many respects, entered into a new era Voss engineers on the CORSARIO of technology, and again made a con- The gas-turbine was selected because NEGRO, whereby the cooperation of its extremely favorable perfor- siderable contribution in the field of exceeded by far the normal relation- special service ship construction. mance/weight ratio, a diesel engine ship between customer and building with the same rating would weigh yard. Only in this way was it possible WELCOME NEW MEMBERS four times as much even under the to overcome this completely new (Continued From Page 2 ) most favorable circumstances. The phase of advanced technology, with drive via a Z-gearing and variable vestors and agencies in Germany to its problems of high pressure hydrau- support this project. pitch propeller was selected because, lics, light aluminum construction, the on the conventional power transfer new turbine and drive technique and Raymond Vellinga - Ray is from systems used up to now, with oblique the stabilizing electronics - and all La Jolla, California. His back- shafts and conventional propellers, this in a very short space of time! This ground is Naval Aviation and aero- serious problems had been met and collaboration proved that technical dynamics. In 1968-69 he built a considerable cavitation damage had advance is by no means restricted by two-place hydrofoil having a fully occurred. In spite of the vast number any frontiers. So it came to be that this submerged foil aft and sur- of technical innovations and the com- efficient craft was created from the face-piercing forward, with a 45 hp pletely submerged Hydrofoils the basic American conception and the outboard. His latest project is a hu- CORSARIO NEGRO is in every re- shipyard experience of Blohm and man powered hydrofoil. spect a very safe craft. This measure Voss. In partnership the Garret Cor-

IHS Spring 2001 Page 7 eral more service points and boats TRB 2001 ANNUAL MEETING National Ferry Database over the next couple of years. A few The Volpe Center of the Department other companies are doing well in the By William Hockberger, IHS Mem- of Transportation (in Cambridge, area and expanding, too. ber MA) has updated its ferry database and will make it available shortly at Port Authority of NY/NJ Ferry The Transportation Research Board Expansion Planning (TRB) meeting was held in Washing- no charge. It can be obtained from ton in mid-January, as usual, with Mr. Bob Armstrong (mail to: Tom Hannan, of the Port Authority, some 9,000 attendees. Most of [email protected]), who essentially described the shore-side TRB’s activities concern highways made the presentation. (MS Access is counterpart to the ferry expansion oc- and bridges and tunnels and the tech- required to use it.) The database in- curring on the Hudson River. He nologies that support them, but the cludes 224 ferry operators in 43 states showed a number of locations and de- overall level of activity is so huge that and territories of the U.S., operating scribed what changes they would be the relatively small parts devoted to on 352 ferry routes having 487 sepa- making to provide terminals, access rail, air and marine are still of consid- rate segments, with 578 ferry termi- and parking for ferry riders. A couple erable magnitude (marine being the nal locations. They operate 677 of new routes would actually be from smallest). This year there were 461 vessels, of which 66 have speeds of northerly New York points into the different technical sessions, gener- 25 knots or greater, and they recorded City, paralleling the western shore of ally 1 3/4 hours each with several pa- about 120 million boardings last year. Manhattan. He showed plans for new pers or panel discussions. Each of the The disk provides a map and all terminals, mainly featuring bow-on TRB’s roughly 250 standing commit- routes for each operator, details on all loading, which avoids having to tie up tees and subcommittees on different of its ferries, and data on its operating and enables faster turnaround. Many aspects of transportation also met at results. It shows the magnitude of the ferry proponents know little about the some point during the four days. U.S. ferry industry and the opportu- essential shore elements of a ferry nity that exists for new services, and it system, especially in a highly devel- Many sessions on topics ostensibly is an excellent source for someone in- oped area where making changes can for rail, air, bus or truck interests are terested in establishing a new fast be highly problematic. This was an actually very applicable to ship or ferry service. eye-opening presentation. ferry interests as well, so there are many more sessions a marine person Commercial Ferries Between New Intermodal Concepts in Ferry would find worth attending than is in- Jersey and New York City Terminals dicated by those explicitly designated Don Liloia, of New York Waterway, as marine subjects. For example, the Martha (Reardon) Bewick gave a pre- described the continuing expansion sentation on features of ferry systems design of a bus terminal differs little of ferry services on the Hudson River from that of a railway station or ma- that make them convenient and pleas- into New York. Commercial ferries ing to their riders, illustrated by slides rine terminal, or even an airport in on the Hudson carry 30,000 passen- many respects. There are common el- she has taken around the world. She gers a day today, and that is expected noted that many consider waterways ements in analyzing the economic to grow to 40,000 within the next few and social impacts of transportation to be barriers to transportation, years. New York Waterway alone whereas they can be seen as addi- of all types, or planning their devel- now operates 23 vessels and 100 opment or operation. buses. Last May they began operat- Continued on Next Page This year there was one day that pro- ing their first three Allen Marine 149 vided marine sessions from 8:00 a.m. passenger catamarans (27 knots) and that morning until the Committee on now have five, with a sixth expected Interested in hydrofoil history, Ferry Transportation wrapped up its in April. These boats are faster than pioneers, photographs? Visit meeting at 10:00 p.m. Here are over- the older ones and are extremely pop- the history and photo gallery views of several of those sessions. ular. (I’ve ridden one and talked with pages of the IHS website. the passengers and crew about them.) http://www.foils.org. The company is planning to add sev-

Page 8 IHS Spring 2001 TRB The Wave-Eating Ferry The larger model is a 1/25th scale (Continued From Previous Page model of a “PT-150”, having a length of 152 cm and weighing 11.5 Kg. The tional opportunities for transporta- Charles Robinson presented the de- boat’s name is “Carton Ondule” tion of an interesting kind. Though sign and operational prototype of his (French). The hull is made of glass fi- mainly addressing the interactions “wave-eating” craft, which he devel- ber carbon reinforced polyester. After among transportation modes at termi- oped for use on the canals of Venice. trying combustion motors for propul- nals, she also made these interesting The M-hull, as he calls it, is basically sion, Hans resorted to electric power points: The 6,000-passenger ferries a monohull but with side panels that consisting of two “540 Gold” motors operated by Staten Island Ferries into extend down below the water on each Manhattan can turn around in eight side to intercept the bow waves. His minutes. (She refers to them as float- claim is that the panels cause the ing HOV lanes, since they carry a sig- waves to roll up and get ducted be- nificant number of cars while entirely neath the hull, actually increasing lift eliminating many other cars from the on the hull and reducing its required roads.) The two 400-passenger power at the same time as the SeaBus ferries in Vancouver carry wake/wash problem is nearly elimi- 15,000 passengers a day, operate with nated. A 30,000 pound 20-knot pro- 99.9 percent reliability, and can load totype has been built and shipped to from Tamiya. Batteries were 7.2 or unload in 1 1/2 minutes. Venice, where it is operating. Robin- volts, 1.5 amp using four pairs. Boat son showed the craft’s speed-power speed was 8 knots and ran for 50 min- Expanding Ferry Services on San curve and explained why he believes utes. Francisco Bay the design will be capable of 70-90 knot speeds with extremely low A program has been initiated to add as power. However, his explanation was many as 40 new terminals and any- not sufficiently scientific and solid to where from 70 to 120 new 350-pas- provide real support for that belief. senger 35-knot (nominally) ferries on The web site www.mangiaonda.com, the Bay. A 12 million dollar planning shows a number of concepts. effort by the new Regional Water Transit Authority is ongoing now. If RADIO-CONTROLLED HYDROFOIL carried through, this will drive an MODELS enormous expansion in ferry design- [Editor’s Note: Hans Jorgen Hansen, ing, building and operating in this IHS Member in Denmark, recently country. The speaker, who is General provided a brief description and pic- Just last year, Hans installed more Manager and CEO of the Golden tures of his radio-controlled hydrofoil powerful motors and the model at- Gate Bridge, Highway and Transit models. I have attempted to portray tained a speed of 15 knots for 30 min- District, also talked about integrating the results of some of his work here.] utes. ferries into multi-modal terminal fa- cilities, about smart cards for inte- Hans has been designing and experi- The propellers, 42.5 mm diameter grating them with other area menting with radio-controlled hydro- and medium pitch, are made by transportation systems, and about the foil models for several years. One of “Graupier”. The are driven by a environmental issues that have been his models is a plastic model that he tooth belt. Motor control is a “Tekin” raised regarding fast ferries. A subse- obtained from a friend. It is 41 cm regulator which he received as a quent speaker described the analysis long and weighs 900 grams and is birthday gift from his 2 sons several to determine the best vehicle for mov- powered by an electric motor from a years ago. A blower provides cooling ing people between downtown San hair dryer (I imagine a small one) and of the controller and motor. Francisco and the airport, whic 10 AA-size bateries. It can run for 1/2 pointed to an ACV,the AP-1-88-400. hour at 8 knots. We congratulate Hans for this work, his report and pictures.

IHS Spring 2001 Page 9 SAILOR’S PAGE

World Sailing Speed Record The absolute sail speed record was record for with 100 square incrementally increased by sail- By Martin Grimm, IHS Member foot sail area or more. Ketterman be- boards until finally in August 1993 lieved it should be possible to exceed [Correction to Part I of this article in Thierry Bielak achieved a speed re- 50 mph (43.45 knots) when sailing the Winter 2000 NL: Crossbow II was cord of 45.34 knots on his 35cm wide Longshot in strong steady winds and a catamaran with a side-by-side sail modified sailboard in 40-knot winds indeed on the Internet it is suggested arrangement, thereby different from at Camargue in France in the shallow that Longshot achieved a top speed of the original Crossbow which was a man-made canal. That record still 43.59 knots (~50.2 mph). proa layout with a conventional main stands for sailboards but in absolute and .] terms has now been exceeded by the Yellow Pages Endeavour Yellow Pages Endeavour. [This is Part 2 of an article with the The current absolute world sailing same title that appeared on this Page Trifoiler Longshot speed record is held by Yellow Pages of the Winter 2000-2001 Issue] Endeavour. This craft achieved a The January 1991 issue of Popular speed of 46.52 knots over a 500 metre Sailboarders Steal the Show Science describes the hydro- timed run on 26 October 1993 at foil craft (or trifoiler) named Westernport Bay near Melbourne, In the early Speedweek events, it was Longshot that was designed by engi- Australia. Unlike the sailboard re- considered that Crossbow was at an neer Greg Ketterman and built with cords that were achieved in strong advantage in attaining the outright his brother Dan. This craft carried a winds, this new record was set in sailing speed records because of her biplane sailboard type rig, one at- relatively large size. That belief was tached to each outrigger hull. The later challenged when sailboards be- foils consisted of two curved surface gan to dominate in holding the abso- piercing elements attached to each of lute sail speed records. the outriggers and an inverted T foil By 1983, the speed records in three of doubling as a rudder at the stern of the the five classes of were held centre hull. The angle of attack of the by hydrofoils, Mayfly at 23 knots in bow foils is controlled by surface sen- the A Class, Icarus at 24.5 knots in sors attached to the outriggers which the B Class and nf2 (Neither Fish Nor in turn twist the cross beam attaching Fowl) in the C Class. Only in the Un- the outriggers to the centre hull thus limited Class did Crossbow II, a cata- changing the bow foil incidence. maran hold the record at 36 knots while at the other end of the scale, Jaap van der Rest had attained a speed of 24.6 knots in the 10 sq.m Class us- ing a sailboard. Jaap demonstrated that it was possible for a sailboard to be faster than most of the other (Courtesy of Peter Robinson, 1993) classes despite their greater sail area! winds of 19.5 knots giving some indi- cation of the efficiency of the design. The crew consisted of helmsman Si- A sailboarder by the name of Pascal The 201-pound Longshot gained the mon McKeon and sail trimmer Tim Maka finally wrestled the outright world sail speed record in the A Class Daddo. The Yellow Pages Endeavour sailing speed record off Crossbow II at 37.18 knots on Stafford Lake in (YPE) had thus finally broken the Lethbridge, Alberta while piloted by in 1986 when he achieved a speed of Continued on Next Page 38.86 knots at Sotavento. Russell Long. This was also the world

Page 10 IHS Spring 2001 World Sailing Speed Record The helmsman of YPE, Simon rigid sails that has achieved 42.1 (Continued From Previous Page) McKeon indicated that it was almost knots. An interesting sailing hydro- impossible to have full control over foil project by student engineers in domination that sailboards had on the the craft at world record speeds and Toulouse, France is Veliptere. This speed sailing scene for most of the that split second decisions were re- design consists of a 12m long craft previous decade. quired to sail the craft at such speeds. supported by hydrofoils and is fitted The steering and stabilizing foils with two 26m span wings, one hori- The craft was designed in 1992 by were operating at such high speeds zontal for stability and the second in- Lindsay Cunningham, a retired that foil cavitation would lead to un- clined from the vertical to provide Telecom engineer, and was built by steady side forces being developed. sailing thrust. While a model has been him with the help of friends. Lindsay tested, funds were being sough for Cunningham is perhaps more well construction of the full-scale craft. known as the designer of the success- ful Australian challenger and subse- Not content with holding the absolute A hydrofoil speed sailing record con- quent defending boats for the world speed sailing record, Lindsay tender is described at Dave Culp at his International Catamaran Challenge Cunningham has gone on to develop SpeedSailing site Trophy, also known as the ‘Little Extreme 50 which has a similar layout (http://www.dcss.org/speeds/sheersp America’s Cup’. to the YPE but incorporates a number eed.html). This design is based on a of refinements which are intended to single foil supporting the craft weight The 12m craft consists of three light- improve the performance over YPE with a combination of surface sensors weight planing hulls connected to- by about 14%. In winds of 18-20 and airfoils controlling its attitude. gether by a tripod configuration of knots, Extreme 50 has reached 43.35 braced streamlined struts. When at knots. Another interesting contender for the speed, the downwind pair of hulls are absolute speed record is Bootiful by planing while the two-man crew in the Unlimited Speed Sailing Com- the third gondola which is facing to pany. This could be described as windward fly several feet above the somewhat like an oversized catama- water. The 12m high wing attached to ran sailboard with a large sailboard the centre of the tripod structure. The type rig. Details of the craft are at craft is fitted with a number of foils www.ussc.co.uk however these are intended for steer- ing and course stability rather than to The ‘Gosh’ – What Might Have Although Extreme 50 (Macquairie Been lift the craft from the water. The craft Innovation) is once again not a hy- was designed to reach maximum drofoil-supported craft, other con- Another stunning looking hydrofoil speed when tracking at 115 to 120 de- tenders for the sailing speed record designed to break the World Sailing grees off the wind. Because of its certainly are. The Speed Sailing Re- Speed Record was described in the asymmetric layout, the craft is in- source Internet site September 1979 issue of Hovering tended to sail on a starboard tack only. (http://www.dcss.org/Savineau) con- Craft and Hydrofoil. It is not apparent During the early trials of the craft it tains short summaries of a range of that this design was ever built. sailing speed record holding craft or failed to beat the then current record The craft was to be 10.5m long and of 44.66 knots set by Thierry Bielak. contenders, both for short courses and open ocean challenges. Some of had a projected weight, including Later, the craft apparently even crew, of 2998 lb. It was to be fitted reached a maximum speed of 54 the more interesting challengers are Charente Maritime II an asymmetri- with twin asymmetric inclined sur- knots (100 km/h) though this was not face piercing foils on both ends of a sustained over the 500 metre mea- cal catamaran with biplane sails that has achieved 37.82 knots and Tech- ‘flying proa’ platform driven by a sured distance. Finally in October slotted asymmetric section wing sail. 1993 YPE achieved the outright re- niques Avancees a surface piercing hydrofoil catamaran with a pair of It was intended to achieve 58 knots in cord as listed above. a 20-knot mean wind on a one way Continued on Next Page

IHS Spring 2001 Page 11 World Sailing Speed Record ABM CHAIRMAN SIGNS UP SANTA Martinn Mandles, who in 1967 was (Continued From Previous Page) the first naval officer to command the (From ABM Alliance) Boeing-built hydrofoil TUCUM- starboard tack. The tips sections of CARI, is now based in Los Angeles as the tapered foils were designed to IHS Member, Martinn Mandles, Chairman of the Board of ABM In- supercavitate and fences were also to ABM’s Chairman of the Board, and dustries, Inc., where he has been em- be fitted to prevent foil ventilation. his wife Connie, recently vacationed ployed since 1972. at the North Pole aboard the Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker YAMAL. The highlight of the trip for Connie With annualized sales in excess of was taking a photograph of polar $1.8 billion dollars and more than bears who ventured close to the ship. 60,000 employees, ABM is the larg- For Martinn the highlight was open- est facility services contractor listed ing an ABM office at the North Pole on the New York Stock Exchange. from which the Company will pro- The ABM Family of Services in- vide all elevator, security, supply and cludes American Building Mainte- of course, heating services for Santa’s nance, American Commercial Workshop. Security, Ampco System Parking, Amtech Elevator and Amtech Lighting. The three man crew was to also serve as a counterbalance within a stream- lined gondola on the end of a 10.5m Martinn is also a 1999 graduate of the airfoil section boom projecting to Russian Basic Training Course for starboard. The airfoil boom was fitted Cosmonauts at Star City near Mos- with flaps to control the righting mo- cow. ment while travelling at speed. The gondola was to be fitted with a hydro- foil to assist with take off at around 5 knots. NEW BENEFIT The article concludes that a sponsor is IHS provides a free link from needed before construction of the the IHS website to members’ per- craft can commence, though it was sonal and/or corporate site. To re- quest your link, contact Barney C. hoped that the craft would be ready by Black, IHS Home Page Editor at October 1981. Does anyone have [email protected]. more information about this craft? There are some remarkable similari- ties between it and the layout of the Yellow Pages Endeavour and Ex- IHS BOARD OF DIRECTORS treme 50. 1998-2001 1999-2002 2000-2003 IHS OFFICERS 2000 - 2001 Stephen Duich Jerry Gore Mark R. Bebar John Meyer President Frank Peterson Jim King William Hockberger Mark Bebar Vice President John R. Meyer Ken Spaulding George Jenkins George Jenkins Treasurer Peter Squicciarini Mike Perschbacher Ralph Paterson, Jr. Ken Spaulding Secretary

Page 12 IHS Spring 2001 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Boeing Jetfoil Model 929-115 Spare Parts get the answer to my question from them. search (ONR) had a copy which they tell me Source... Two of the other Jetfoils are troop transport they destroyed?! Can you suggest anybody [18 Feb 01] We have available for sale initial type with around 100 passengers on first else who would have a copy of this confer- Spare Parts, Support Equipment, Gas Tur- deck. We plan to operate one of these at ence proceedings? — Günther Migeotte bine (new and never been used) Allison Surabaya-Indonesia as a chartered vessel for (mailto:[email protected]); Dept. of Model 501 KF 100, Power Section (ASP plant or offshore services. Another two Jet- Mechanical Engineering; University of 916) Turbine Unit, Gas Turbine attachments foils are patrol type unfinished yet. The two Stellenbosch; Banghoek Rd; Stellenbosch, for mounting, Powerjet 20 of Rockwell / patrol type units are hull (one deck) with en- 7600. Rocketdyne parts, Perkins diesel engine as- gine and Automatic Control System (ACS) Response... sembly and parts, etc. The spare parts and only. They have never been used since they equipment were delivered along with the arrived in our country in the beginning of the [18 Feb 01] You may contact The Shanghai ship; they are stored in air-conditioned envi- 1980s. We have planned to modify Patrol Society of Naval Achitects & Marine ronment. We have full documentation as Op- type to be a Commercial type. Do you have Engeneers. E-mail: [email protected]. eration & Maintenance, Spare Parts any idea how much the approximate cost for Fax: 86-21-64721270. The name of the soci- Catalogues/Manuals, and various control this project? Do you know who has the sur- ety’s secretry is Mr. Bing-Jin YE. — Shitang and testing equipment. — Michael plus of Allison 501 KF engine; we need two Dong ([email protected]) Pechlivanidis ([email protected]); units. — Sentot Adi Pramono, Operation Di- SETE Technical Services S.A.; P. O. Box rector at PT Indonusa Ocean Industrial Designer Wants to Correspond 5166, Jeddah 21422; Kingdom of Saudi Ara- ([email protected]); Jln. Dukuh Kupang in German about Hydrofoils... XXI - 16 Surabaya, 60225; Indonesia. bia; Tel. No. +966-2-6220022 Ext. 3160; [16 Feb 01] Mein Name ist Ulrich Paul. Ich Phone: 62 81 133 6557; 62 31 567 2257; Fax: Fax. No. +966-2-6991082 bin Industrie-Designer und arbeite als 62 31 561 2293 Need FLYING FISH Design Details for Entwickler in der Vorentwicklung einer Model... Response... Firma in der Naehe von Koblenz. Ich entwickle seit Jahren nebenbei an Segelboote [18 Feb 01] I’m searching for further infor- [17 Feb 01] Allison was bought by Rolls und Muskelkraftboote in Verbindung mit mation — plans, etc., on the FLYING FISH Royce in 1995. There is descriptive informa- Tragflügeln. In erster Linie in Zeichnungen for a model I plan to build. FLYING FISH tion about the Allison 501 engine on the Rolls und Konzepte, da mir fuer die Umsetzung im was outfitted at Miami Shipbuilding Corp. Royce website (use the search feature to Moment die Zeit fehlt.Trotzdem würde ich for her role as the DISCO VOLANTE. In the search for “Allison,” but no specific info on mich ueber Kontakte sehr freuen. — MfG limited edition DVD of the movie Thunder- sales of new or reconditioned units or on U.Paul ([email protected]) Ball, there is a section on the “Making of maintenance procedures. They do offer parts Thunderball” that has a scanned photo(b+w) and maintenance service in various coun- Jetfoil Model... tries, but you will have to contact them di- of the FLYING FISH in the MSC yards.— [15 Feb 01] Back about 1980 I built a Boeing rectly for specifics. The US Navy uses this Doug Binish ([email protected]) Jetfoil to a scale of 3/8 I think. Anyway it engine, but I have no idea whether they have turned out about 35 inches long by about 12 Reactivating the Indonesian Jetfoil put any into surplus. — Barney C. Black inches wide. This was powered by a 61 glow Fleet... ([email protected]) plug motor and water jet, as per full size craft. 17 Feb 01] Would you advise who knows the Need Copy of 1994 Shanghai Conference The jet unit took some years to perfect in it- Standard Test for Fuel Nozzle of Allison 501 Proceedings... self as there was none on the market at that KF Gas Turbine Engine used on Boeing Jet- time. I also played with gyros and various foil 929 type? There are five Jetfoils in our [17 Feb 01]I am looking for the following servos in an attempt to keep it upright, but country, Indonesia. One is a commercial type conference proceedings: International Con- with no luck, even using the direct control with around 225-passenger seats. This vessel ference for New Ship Technology into the from the Tx to stabilize it, the whole thing has been in use for several years, and the 2 21st Century (NEWS-TEC’94). The confer- was a bit too quick in its movements to con- 501 engines are burned out. There are ence was held on Shanghai, China in 1994. It Allison documents with the ship, but I can’t has a few papers about the hydrofoil develop- Continued on Next Page ments in China. The Office of Naval Re-

IHS Spring 2001 Page 13 Letters To The Editor Response... Looking For an ex-Coastie... (Continued From Previous Page ) [13 Feb 01] I don’t know of any model PT50 [9 Feb 01] Maybe you can help me run down kits being sold today. We have two photos of a former hydrofoil guy. trol. However after various attempts at foil such models in our Photo Gallery. One came control stability (or not) the project was from the Ebay auction site (www.ebay.com) When I was in Annapolis for the Chesapeake shelved after some 5 years. I still have 002 in when a person sold one of these kits.The Symposium, I met a former its box. Your site has inspired me to have an- other was sent in by an adult in the Nether- Coastguardsman who lives in Annapolis not other go. If any one cares to contact me dis- lands who got his kit as a child, and does not too far from the Eastport Yacht Club and cuss it feel free. —Martin Seymour remember the source. I expect that another of used to be involved with the Navy PHMs. I ([email protected]) these kits will go up for sale on eBay, but it didn’t get a good look at his nametag, but I may be a long time. I have only seen one in think his name was Phil Donough or some- Response... nearly two years of watching this site. The thing like that. He had some design concepts and patents he wanted to show me, but when I [15 Feb 01] IHS member Harry Larsen, who only thing I can suggest is to find a store that tried to find him later in the party he was knows a lot more about the maths of control sells models and ask if there is any kind of na- gone. Can anyone give me a lead on who I systems than I, reckoned that his 4000lb tional database of discontinued kits that are was talking to? — Tom Speer TALARIA III would double its angle of roll available for sale. There may be some kind of ([email protected]); website: in about 1/2 second. If it got to 10 degrees of a search service available similar to the one http://home1.gte.net/tspeer roll, the flaps couldn’t hold it. Even though for old books. If there is such a service or da- he was riding it and could feel its lean, he tabase, I would like to know about it for the Response... only once drove it without automatic roll information of our members and visitors. - control, and after 2 minutes he was ex- Barney C. Black ([email protected]) [10 Feb 01] I don’t know what type of design hausted. A 35 inch model will be impossible the coast guardsman talked to you about, but Afghan Runabout... to control by hand. You will need a fast servo I have designed several hydrofoils sail and controlling the flaps. You can buy a solid power. The small two or four man boats state helicopter gyroscope and a tilt sensor [9 Feb 01] It is sometimes surprising to see should have a market where someone needs a from Analog devices, available from hydrofoils suddenly appearing when watch- whaler sized boat but finds the water to rough Maplins. I can program a microcontroller to ing movies, documentaries or news items on to go over a few knots. My design will do 28 join them together if you want. How were the television. For example, in the movie knots in seas that the whaler could not take. It you controlling the ride height? — Malin ‘The Russia House’ a couple of Meteor hy- is self righting and fuel efficient. Let me Dixon ([email protected]) drofoils pass by in the background on a river know if you are interested. — John Slattebo in Moscow(?) during one scene. Imagine my ([email protected]) [16 Feb 01] I was wondering if you have surprise when last night, while watching the scaled your designs up to about a 15 to 16 Ferries, Wanted to Buy... world news, I realised I was viewing a Volga passenger size. This would likely be 35 ft or Molnia hydrofoil runabout shown as part [8 Feb 01] I am looking as exclusive broker boat or so. I am considering building or buy- of an item on US humanitarian aid being for buyer for one or two hydrofoils ing such a boat for use on the US west coast. I provided to a drought stricken region of Af- “Kolchida”, year built - 1984, Ukraine, very would love to see a photo of your smaller one. ghanistan. But the little hydrofoil was far good condition for business in the Northern — Robin ([email protected]) from running foilborne, rather it was shown Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas. Discussions PT-50 Model Kit Wanted... resting in a forlorn state in the dried out lake and information will be confidential, details bed of what was stated to be Lake Kaga (I am can be obtained via my email address.- Mrs. uncertain of the spelling). The Molnia was a Steinigk ([email protected]) [13 Feb 01] I am looking for a model PT50 Soviet six-seat hydrofoil sports runabout, Sri Lanka Ferry Project Proposed, Info hydrofoil. Can you tell me if you know of any while the Volga was the export version with Needed... for sale in any condition? Would it be possi- various design refinements including a rede- ble for you to buy it for me if I forward to you signed bow foil. It wasn’t possible to say [4 Feb 01] I am looking for all kinds of infor- either money or my credit card details? - John which of the two types the one in the Afghan mation about hydrofoils. I am in the process Leaver ([email protected]) footage was. — Martin Grimm ([email protected]) Continued on Next Page

Page 14 IHS Spring 2001 Letters To The Editor 71, living for 14 years now, about six months There are eight hours of edited footage on (Continued From Previous Page ) a year in Sri Lanka where we (my wife and four volumes, with great sections on most of myself) bought a small estate close to Galle the famous hydrofoil HPBs. A detailed seg- of planning and designing a concept to start in the South of the island in 1983. I retired ments listing can be found at www.Human and run a hydrofoil service along the coast- 1987 from my job as Lufthansa manager after PoweredBoats.com/Forms/F_HH2000_Vid line of Sri Lanka. Mainly and first of all from nearly twenty years of world wide responsi- eoOrder.htm, and all proceeds will be do- the airport which is close to the shore and the bility (and experience) for the entire advertis- nated to the HPVA (Human-Powered Vehi- capital Colombo along the Southwest to the ing, design and corporate identity cle Association). — Ron Drynan, VP/Water - South, connecting Colombo with Bentota, presentation as well as publishing the log HPVA; email:Ron@HumanPoweredBoats. Galle, Matara and finally Hambantota. All book for Lufthansa. The whole operation in Com;website:http://www.IHPVA.org/hpva/ those are places of general interest and partly Sri Lanka is planned to be funded by private of special touristic interest. Later, after the investors as well as by the DEG, Deutsche war in the North has subsided this service Entwicklungs-Gesellschaft, a government Mitsubishi RAINBOW Lessons shall be extended around the whole island. organisation responsible for development aid Learned... The reason for this is the unbearable traffic in third world countries. - Ernst Tschoepke [18 Jan 01] Just a quick note to let you know situation on the roads. Actually, there is only ([email protected]); Tempelberg; that Mitsubishi is giving a paper on its experi- one road to the South. This road is not bad but Kaduruduwa/Galle; Sri Lanka; phone: 09 ences with the fully submerged hydrofoil always heavily congested and as it is practi- 42503 catamaran, RAINBOW at the Fast Ferry cally the living room for thousands of people Conference in New Orleans, 13th - 15th no vehicle can move fast on it even if there Human Powered Vehicle Website Fea- March. The second diesel driven fully -sub- was less traffic. As it is it takes more than tures Hydrofoils... merged hydrofoil catamaran RAINBOW 2 three hours to travel the distance of about 120 [28 Jan 01]I enjoy perusing the IHS site, it’s a operated by the company, entered service in km from Colombo to Galle if you are fast! great resource. Have you seen my hu- 1998 following the 5 year operation of its and about five hours for the 135 km from man-powered hydrofoils photo gallery? The sister vessel RAINBOW. The paper looks at Galle to the airport, north of Colombo. Ear- boats there represent some of the best in the the trials and tribulations of bringing both lier experiences with hydrofoils in various world, and I’m sure you’ve heard of many of craft into service and how the technical up- parts of the world as in different places in Eu- them over the years. I’m in the process of grading of both craft allowed the pair to run a rope, in Hong Kong, Japan or Australia gave building a foil-assisted HPB (Human technically free service from 1999 - 2000. If me the idea to introduce boat services in Sri Powered Boat) to challenge the 24hr distance you want to know more about the 17th Fast Lanka. It would cut the travel time short and record in August, after which I hope to begin Ferry Conference & Exhibition, either drop at the same time would save people from the construction on a fully foilborne HPB for me a line or go to the website and click on the fumes and perils of this heavy and unclean sprint racing. During that project, I’m sure conference logo at the bottom of the page. — road traffic as it is run up to day.What I need I’ll be enlisting the help of IHS members fre- Giles Clark ([email protected]); Fast Ferry is all the possible information about the oper- quently! In other news, I’m very close to re- Conference & Exhibition; 4midable Ltd; ation of hydrofoils for the described task. I leasing a video series on HPBs, entitled Windmill Oast; Beneden Road; Rolvenden, have to know in detail the cost of operation as “WaterCycling 2000 - The State of the Art”. Cranbrook, Kent TN17 4PF; Tel: +44 1580 there is consumption, capacity, crews on 240055; Fax: +44 1580 240066; website: board and on land, spare part keeping, travel www.4midable.net times, average and possible maximum Letters To the Editor allows speeds in relation to fuel consumption and so hydrofoilers to ask for or provide infor- Website Comments From Italy... on. I also need to know, of course, where and mation, to exchange ideas, and to inform [18 Jan 01] Let me introduce myself as an old under which conditions I can buy used as the readership of interesting develop- hydrofoils fan. I am 52 years old, and I have well as brand new hydrofoils and where and ments. More correspondence is pub- under which conditions I can get professional lished in the Posted Messages and been working for the Italian aeronautical in- assistance to judge what is on the market. As Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) dustry Alenia, in Naples since 1985. When I far as the planning goes we would have to section of the IHS internet web site at was a young student, I was in Sicily, in start with the purchase of three to five boats. http://www.foils.org. All are invited to Messina, where Mr. Rodriquez was just To give you some more background informa- participate. Opinions expressed are tion: I myself am a German national. Age those of the authors, not of IHS. Continued on Next Page

IHS Spring 2001 Page 15 Letters To The Editor relating to any of these in service or was it and range than the original FLAGSTAFF. (Continued From Previous Page ) just a prototype? — Tony Morling According to Jane’s Surface Skimmers ([email protected]) 1974-75 the principal differences between launching the first hydrofoils production. the upgraded hydrofoil and its predecessor Responses... The first PT20, FRECCIA DEL SOLE was were to be a gas turbine of greater power out- starting her trials, and I was among the peo- [18 Jan 01] I am not familiar with the MK 11 put, an improved right-angle drive for the ple astonished by the speed of this new boat, designation, but if you are talking about the propeller shaft, and the use of larger foils and spending my free time to observe, from the Grumman DOLPHIN, then here is a quick struts. This would have enabled the full load seaside, its unusual shape flying over the overview: The prototype was completed in displacement to increase from 67.5 tons for waves. Now I am among the IHS site visitors, 1966 and subsequently saw service in the the FLAGSTAFF to 83.5 tons for the Mk 11. and I am pleased to collect the hydrofoil im- Canary Islands off the coast of West Africa. Although Jane’s ’74-75 indicates that the de- ages for my screem saver! Regarding another After 11 months of troublesome operation velopment of the Dolphin class had been dis- smaller industry, which was producing com- due to design “bugs” and interruption of continued, it is just possible that the mercial hydrofoils during the second half of schedules due to difficult sea states, the oper- improved design features developed for the the sixties, in Messina, no information seems ator Maritima Antares returned the vessel to FLAGSTAFF Mk 11 prompted Grumman to to be available in your site, neither in the Grumman. A second vessel of the class was resurrect plans for the commercial variant of web. The name was SEAFLIGHT shipyard, consequently abandoned in the construction the hydrofoil as a Dolphin Mk 11? The and they started producing a little foil: the phase. DOLPHIN was then named GULF FLAGSTAFF Mk 11 was never built. For ad- type CD 46. Later on, some years after, a STREAK and operated by Bahamas Hydro ditional information and photos of the sole bigger hydrofoil was produced: the type H Lines on a run between Miami FL in the USA Dolphin that was completed, download the 57. The only picture available seems to be and Freeport in the Bahama Islands. Again, January 2001 issue of Classic Fast Ferries taken from a RED FUNNEL postcard. I have frequent turbulent sea states made it difficult available at http://classicfastferries.go.to. — some additional pictures. — Lorenzo to keep a regular ferry service schedule. In Martin Grimm ([email protected]) Bonasera ([email protected]) 1969 DOLPHIN moved to the Virgin Islands US Company Builds Hydrofoils... where it operated a seasonal ferry service be- tween St. Thomas and St. Croix. In Decem- [15 Jan 01] For Sale: New construction. Grumman Concept Drawing... ber 1970, the vessel was sold to the US Navy, Proven design, U.S. built, U.S. Coast Guard [18 Jan 01] Looks to me to be a pro- which moved it to San Diego where it was Certified and U.S. Flag. 200 passenger Hy- posal/preproposal artist rendering of what partially cannibalized for equipment needed drofoil Vessels. Cruising speed - 36 Knots, eventually became the MARAD funded H.S. in other Navy hydrofoil development efforts. Range - 200 nautical miles. Proven stabili- Denison. Don’t recognize the designation of There is a good B&W photo of GULF zation system allows the vessel to operate “PK-89"; all Grumman hydrofoil designs STREAK in the 1969-70 edition of Jane’s on offshore routes. — Ken Plyler had an ”M" followed by a number. Purpose Surface Skimmer Systems, and there are line ([email protected]) of program was to demonstrate open ocean drawings of the vessel in the 1968-69 edition Patrol Boat Foil, Student Design hydrofoil capabilities; which it did at a re- of the same. Also, see the IHS website. — [15 Jan 01] I am a senior naval ar- corded speed of 60 knots. Denison was built Barney C. Black ([email protected]) chitecture student and for my final de- at the main Grumman facilities in Bethpage [16 Feb 01] I might have a clue as to where sign project I am attempting to design a in the center of Long Island, and trucked at the Mk 11 designation you mentioned may hydrofoil patrol boat. I was wondering if night to Oyster Bay for final assembly and have originated: Grumman had in the mid you knew of any papers on the design launching. Charlie Pieroth 70’s proposed to develop a FLAGSTAFF process on deciding foil shape, size, ([email protected]) Mark 11 Patrol Hydrofoil which was to be a placement, etc. Earon S. Rein, MIDN USN Modeling the DOLPHIN... modernized/ upgraded version of the PGH-1 FLAGSTAFF. The FLAGSTAFF patrol hy- [email protected] [18 Jan 01] Did the DOLPHIN MK 11 hydro- drofoil built in 1968 had many design simi- foil ever go into commercial production. I larities with the Dolphin passenger hydrofoil Responses... started building a model in 1977 and have built two years earlier. The FLAGSTAFF Mk [15 Jan 01] I assume you are aware just pulled it out for completion/refurbish- 11, also referred to as the SUPER FLAG- of the model of a HYSWAS design ment. Do you have any source of information STAFF, was to have had a greater payload built by the Naval Academy and

Page 16 IHS Spring 2001 EXTRA FOR THE ELECTRONIC EDITION

Letters To The Editor ity and incidence-cavitation bound- Vol.82, No.3, March 1977 compares (Continued From Previous Page ) aries’, Hovering Craft and Hydrofoil, the seakeeping performance, namely Vol. 2, No.1, pp31-35, October 1962 sustained speed versus wave height, of hydrofoils with conventional naval testing of same in the tank. See John • Jewell, D. A. “Hydrofoil Performance surface ships. Hill, if you haven’t. I was there last in Rough Water”, Paper presented at Thursday to see it running. The AIAA/ SNAME Advanced Marine There are also a number of previ- Hydronautics Report TR-463-1 we Vehicles Conference, San Diego, CA, ous questions and answers concerning sent you should be good for a con- February 25-27, 1974. foil design on the website which may as- ventional hydrofoil. Hope you can sist you. work your way through it OK. Some Before reading those more de- years ago we did a design of a tailed papers, I suggest you get a good Before considering the foil layout HYSWAS Patrol craft for the Coast overview of general hydrofoil design you also need to decide whether you Guard. It was about 235 tons with considerations but also including foil want to develop a fully-submerged or a long range and excellent seakeeping size and layout considerations by look- surface piercing hydrofoil design. The characteristics. ing though the following books or jour- US Navy hydrofoil developments culmi- John Meyer nals listed on the IHS website: nating in the PHM were almost exclu- [email protected] sively of the former type, though surface • Hook, Christopher and Kermode, piercing hydrofoils were also operated [18 Jan 01] For my final year pro- A.C., Hydrofoils - Without Formulae by some navies mainly as coastal patrol ject at university I also worked on a pa- Series (No. 16?), Pitman Paperbacks, craft. Examples of the latter are militar- trol boat design but didn’t want to try to Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons Limited, ised Supramar / Rodriquez PT 20’s and develop a hydrofoil design as a student London, 1967. also Chinese patrol hydrofoils. The Ca- because I thought it would be too hard to nadian ASW hydrofoil (items 13, 17 and do! I left my hydrofoil interest for a sepa- • DuCane, Peter High-Speed Small 18 of the IHS website deal specifically rate thesis project that looked specifi- Craft , David and Charles (Holdings) with this) was more of an ocean-going cally at the heave and pitch motions of a Limited, Devon, 1974, Fourth Edi- surface piercing hydrofoil design. Sur- surface piercing hydrofoil in waves. In tion, Chapter 3, pp 12-54, face piercing hydrofoil designs are gen- hindsight, I wish I did do a hydrofoil de- erally naturally stable in heave, pitch and sign as a project as well! At the time I • Eames, M.C., “Principles of Hydro- roll. Fully submerged hydrofoil designs worked on the thesis I collected a number foils.” Naval Engineers Journal, Vol- are reliant on autopilot controlled flaps of papers dealing with general hydrofoil ume 97, Number 2, February 1985. etc to remain stable. If you are seeking design and foil layout. While I didn’t ISSN 0028-1425. Published by the good rough water seakeeping character- need to apply most of those papers in my American Society of Naval Engi- istics, I would suggest you opt for a fully studies, here are some which may be use- neers, Inc. (ASNE). This special edi- submerged hydrofoil design with an au- ful for your design project: tion features comprehensive reviews topilot system for maintaining the atti- of a range of “advanced naval vehi- tude of the craft as these are generally • Walderhaug, H.Aa., “A note on cles,” including hydrofoils. regarded as having better seakeeping seakindliness of hydrofoil vessels as performance than similarly sized surface influenced by foil characteristics and • Crew, P. R., “The Hydrofoil Boat; Its piercing hydrofoils. I don’t think you centre of gravity position.”, I believe History and Future Prospects.” Quar- will be in a position to develop the auto- this was published in International terly Transactions, The Institution of pilot design as part of the design project Shipbuilding Progress. Naval Architects, Vol. 100, No. 4, Oc- unless you are a real whiz kid. I think it tober 1958 gives good background in- would be sufficient to try to perform a re- • Pascoe, Norman P. and Hobday, formation. sistance estimation for the craft from A.W., ‘A theoretical study of the rela- hullborne to foilborne condition as part tive behaviour of three fully sub- • Bakken, Sigmund and Merritt, Rich- of the project and assume that with a foil merged hydrofoil configurations with ard G., “Hydrofoils - Ideal for the Continued on Next Page regard to dynamic longitudinal stabil- North Sea”, Navy International,

IHS Spring 2001 Page 17 Letters To The Editor cal Report 001-10(II), Hydronautics email... The more specific you can make (Continued From Previous Page ) Inc., January 1963. your questions, the better chance you have of receiving a useable answer. Also, layout similar to other past fully sub- [18 Jan 01] The best info I’m look at the FAQ page devoted to student merged hydrofoils that it will somehow aware of on supcav foil sections is the projects and feel free to correspond di- be possible to develop a satisfactory con- Carderock work in the 1970s on the rectly with anyone there you think might trol system around it to keep the boat sta- “TAP-2" series of base-vented be of help to you. ble in waves. supercavitating foils. The work may Barney C. Black have been done by Young Shen but I’m [email protected] I don’t know what size or capabil- not sure. ity of hydrofoil you are thinking about Mark Bebar [18 Jan 01] I think there definitely for your project but if I were in your [email protected] are niches in which hydrofoils are the shoes, I would probably search for any best craft for the application. The PHMs literature on the USS PEGASUS class Future of Foils, Student Project and other hydrofoils have shown how Patrol Hydrofoils (PHM) and adapt your seaworthy and fast a small ship can be, design from that! After all, naval archi- [12 Jan 01] I’m working on as- and there will be future roles requiring tecture is an evolutionary rather than rev- signment on sea transportation. I really such performance. Hydrofoil-assisted olutionary business! hope you will be able to help me out. catamarans have shown how great a Martin Grimm What I was wondering is if you know boost in speed can be obtained by adding [email protected] who builds them, for whom, why do we a foil or two, as compared with just add- need them, how are they made, where, ing more power. The large number of Follow Up Question... when and the future? If you don’t know surface-piercing hydrofoils operated on these things, do you any good sites that I rivers and lakes in Russia and elsewhere [18 Jan 01] We were sort of toying could find them out? I have had horrible have shown their comfort and reliability with the idea of using supercavitating luck finding any information on both the and good performance for a relatively foils. Do any of you know where I can get Internet and encyclopedias. low cost. It’s a bit of a mystery to me why some good info on supercavitating foil Stephen Aiken more companies requiring these kinds of sections, or the design of supercavitating [email protected] performance aren’t choosing hydrofoils. hydrofoil vessels. I don’t remember who It’s probably due in part to a asked, but I am pretty sure we are just do- Responses... misperception that the cost has to be ing our hull with FastShip and then doing [12 Jan 01] I suggest first that high, or that the hydrofoils and control analysis using NavCad. If you have a you read the Regional Ferry Plan San systems must be complicated and there- better suggestion (which can be handled Francisco Bay Area - Final Report. Also, fore insufficiently rugged. At this point I at an undergraduate level) I’d love to I have sent you a paper called “Defining a think I see a new reason for considering hear it as well. Ferry Business.” These sources will give hydrofoils: the growing concern about Earon S. Rein, MIDN USN you the idea of the various issues in- wake and wash produced by fast marine [email protected] volved and the analysis required. As to vehicles. I think hydrofoils can naturally manufacturers, look on the IHS links produce less wake and wash, with their Responses... page. Also look at the FAQ page. In the energy going mainly into underwater tur- USA the “buzzword” for transportation bulence rather than into surface waves. design is “Intermodal” i.e. in designing (What the negatives may be from that [18 Jan 01] Two suggested systems for the transportation of passen- I’m not sure — someone will think of a sources are as follows: gers and freight, one mode of transporta- bunch, no doubt.) As for size, when we tion can feed into or draw from another... had our IHS panel discussion on the fu- • Altman, R., “The Design of the routes are coordinated, and the inter- ture prospects for hydrofoils, on the oc- Supercavitating Hydrofoil Wings,” faces are compatible and optimized. The casion of the IHS 25th anniversary, we Technical Report 001-14, USA funds research and demonstration reached a consensus that about 1500 tons Hydronautics Inc., April 1968. projects to promote this concept. For seemed to be a practical upper limit. The more info, search the internet for upper limit on speed was set by foil cavi- tation and was thought to be about 55 • Martin, M., “The Stability Derivatives “TEA-21" and “ISTEA.” If you have of A Hydrofoil Boat - Part II”, Techni- specific questions after reading these Continued on Next Page sources, please send them to me by

Page 18 IHS Spring 2001 Letters To The Editor clearance, freight forwarding, formali- ENDEAVOR Photo Needed (Continued From Previous Page ) ties etc. - up to C.I.F. delivery to any country of destination. Inspection: [19 Sep 00] I am an assistant edi- knots or so, I think — although more re- Ukraine. Contact us now, we will take tor at Blackbirch Press, Inc., a children’s cently there has been comment about 70 care about everything you do need. All book publisher in Woodbridge, CT. We knots being attainable. vessels suitable and can be easy con- are currently working on a book about Bill Hockberger verted (even by the Owners as per buyers boats and are looking for a color photo of request) for marine coastal operation. the Yellow Pages Endeavor. Would you [email protected] Remarks: hydrofoils subject to sale as know of where I can get such an image? per BIMCO SALEFORM. All vessels Please get back to me as soon as possible. Hydrofoils For Sale, Egida Agency offered for sale are subject to their avail- Emily Kucharczyk ability, prior sale or charter, unless oth- [email protected] [9 Jan 01] Kindly ask you to re- erwise agreed before/after inspection. move from your web-site infomation Vyacheslav Fyodorov, Egida Agency about Meteor hydrofoil built 1988 - ves- Responses... as owners exclusive inhouse brokers sel sold a few months ago, enblock with [9 Oct 00] There was an article on 72/74 B. Arnautskaya St., office 71 3 our other hydrofoils. Here is latest up- the Yellow Pages ENDEAVOUR (note date: 65045 Odessa, Ukraine spelling with a “u”) in the Australian Tel: + 380 482 229645 magazine titled “1994 Boat Directory” Fax: + 380 482 229745 Volume 15. This is published by ACE • Fully exclusive offer: for sale 7 Email: [email protected] Magazines Pty Ltd, a division of Associ- (seven) passenger hydrofoils Telex: 831178 EGIDA UX ated Communication Enterprises Pty Ltd “Voskhod-2" type built 1980-1989 Mobile: + 380 50 316 11 93 (incorporated in Victoria), 272 Rosslyn Ukraine, 72 PAX, service speed 32 Street, West Melbourne 3003 VIC AUS- Knots. Single screw 6 blades bronze; Foil Design Code TRALIA. Phone -61 3 3290277, Fax: -61 Main engine: 1 X M-401 ”Zvezda", 1 3 3281511. Publisher was Mark Day and X 1100 HP @ 1600 rpm. Full details [4 Jan 01] The XFOIL airfoil de- Managing Editor was Geoff Hawthorne. available upon firm interest. Price sign/analysis code has been recently The article has several colour photos of Ideas USD 75 - 85,000.- as is /try FOB placed in the public domain for down- this stunning record breaking sail craft B.SEA/ load at http://raphael.mit.edu/xfoil. I and its crew. I believe it still holds the suggest this as a link for your site. world water speed record for sail pow- • Fully exclusive for sale 3 (three) hy- Mark Drela ered craft. I also recall there was a photo- drofoils “Meteor” type built 1983, [email protected] graph of it in the Guinness Book of 1986 and 1989 Zelenodolsk Russia, Records. Perhaps either of those publish- 123 PAX, service speed 34kn; Main Info For Books, Films, Articles Volga ers would be prepared to assist. The engines 2 X M-400 “Zvezda”, 2 X 930 Engine Info Needed Fast... designer was Lindsay Cunningham and I HP (max 1100); 2 screw, 2 x 6 blades imagine he would be living in the Mel- bronze; Full details upon firm interest. [8 Dec 00] We have just aquired a bourne area as that is the city near where Price Ideas USD 85 - 127,000.- as is Volga 28 foot hydrofoil and urgently the craft made its speed record runs. /try FOB B.SEA port/ need technical information on the en- Martin Grimm gine. I believe it is a Yak engine and the [email protected] • For sale - 2 (two) new engines M-401 number is GAZ-53,90 the. Have you any type Zvezda, Prices USD 38,000.- information or can you suggest any- [4 Jan 01] Here is the description each or USD 70,000 enblock.; Pay- where where I might find it. This is a from the 2000 edition of Guinness: “On ment: bank tranfer or L/C against B/L very urgent request as the boat is being 26 October 1993 the trifoiler Yellow subj dets (FYG engine maker price ex- used in a major motion picture we a cur- Pages ENDEAVOUR reached a speed of ceeds USD 55,000). World-wide de- rently shooting here in Casablanca. 46.52 knots (86.21 km/h or 53.57 mph) livery. Please please let me have anything you while on a timed run of 500m (547 yards) can as soon as possible. My email ad- at Sandy Point near Melbourne, Victoria, All details above offered in good dress is [email protected], fax Australia. This is the highest speed ever faith but without guarantee. On behalf of no +212 22 30 15 45 mobile +44 7831 the Owners we will arrange the whole 643 172. HELP! Continued on Next Page range of the services to the customer: Jonathan Frost

IHS Spring 2001 Page 19 Letters To The Editor (Continued From Previous Page )

reached by any craft under sail on water. The craft has a 12m high sail and three short planing hulls. It was designed by Lindsay Cunningham and piloted by Si- mon McKeon and Tim Daddo, both from Australia.” One comment on that de- scription: The word “trifoiler” suggests that the craft was somehow foil sup- ported. Although I have heard that the team had explored the possibility of us- ing hydrofoils to achieve higher speeds, this apparently never eventuated due to the difficulty in achieving steady foil lift for such an application as the foils would have transitioned between fully wetted and supercavitating operating condi- tions. I am keen to try to follow up on what became of the craft and plans for the hydrofoil option. Prior to the Yellow Pages ENDEAVOURgaining the sailing speed record, it was held by a wind surfer. Thierry Bielak of France rode his windsurfer to a speed of 45.34 knots (84.02 km/h or 51.21 mph) at Camargue, France. Martin Grimm [email protected]

[3 Feb 01] A few years ago I saw a photo in a shop purporting to show the setting of a windsurfing re- cord of 54+ mph. I can’t recall where the shop was. There is a sailor named Mike Delahanty who runs Gorge Sails (in Washington state, near Hood River) who was the speed champion about that time. Perhaps he could tell you the current situ- ation. Rich Miller [email protected]

Page 20 IHS Spring 2001 The NEWSLETTER International Hydrofoil Society P. O. Box 51, Cabin John MD 20818 USA

Editor: John R. Meyer Summer 2001 Sailing Editor: Martin Grimm MONOMARAN TEST CRAFT WHERE ARE YOU IN DUE TO START TRIALS IN US CYBERSPACE?! IHS relies on electronic communi- From Fast Ferry International, January-February 2001 cation with the membership to improve timeliness and reduce mailing costs. If you are a member with email, let us know rials of a 13m vessel built to evaluate a new fast ferry concept de- your email address! Thank you. veloped in Norway are due be begin in the United States in TMarch. For the past four years, TechMan, a naval architecture and marine engineering company based in Sandane, has been work- 2001 DUES ARE DUE ing on the project.

The design, known as the MonoMaran, has recently been granted an IHS Membership is still only international patent. TechMan’s Rune Odegard explains, “Sponsored US$20 per calendar year (US$2.50 for by the Norwegian Research Council, the project was initially limited students). Your renewal or new member- to basic research related to drag and seakeeping capabilities of a 47 ship is critical. Please remit 2001 dues as metre passenger/ vehicle version. This included model tank tests and soon as possible. We regret that high bank seakeeping fees make it impractical for IHS to accept analysis. payment by credit card or a check drawn on a non-US bank, or by other than US An extend- funds. Overseas members with no easy ed Pilot pro- way to send US funds, are advised to send ject has now money order to IHS or US Dollars cash. been spon- sored by the INSIDE THIS ISSUE Norwegian - President’s Column ------p. 2 Regional Develop- - Welcome New Members ------p. 2 ment Fund. - 2000 Orders and Deliveries -- p. 4 Rendering of MonoMaran MM53CX Test craft - RAINBOW ------p. 5 The conceptual design is based on a trimaran fitted with a foil system. - Hydrofoils on Lake Titicaca - p. 8 The craft operates as a trimaran in the low speed mode and as a super-slender monohull in high speed mode at speeds of up to 50 - Russian Hydrofoils ------p.9 knots, where 50%-85% of displacement, depending on the design - Sailor’s Page ------p.10

See MonoMaran, Page 3 - Letters To the Editor ------p. 13 WELCOME NEW MEMBERS

PRESIDENT’S COLUMN Cary S. Holmes – Cary found out about the IHS through the company I am pleased to report that the IHS represents, more than ever, a dedi- he works for, namely, SEAJETS, Ltd continues in a growth mode. Our cated effort to respond promptly to all in Florida. He is a maintenance engi- membership has increased, our ma- neer working on the Boeing Jetfoils inquiries. The web site continues to Kara Kristen jor products (NL and website) are generate truly international interest and . top quality and well received by our and a surge in membership. The di- Matthew Kirk members. We have provided a cata- – Matthew works for verse backgrounds and interests of Trane Corp. as a service engineer in lyst to communication by publishing these new members has expanded and updating the membership roster. Florida. Boating has been a large part IHS’s scope well beyond the ferry of his life. On reading about Boeing We are engaged in two efforts to pre- market and the military hydrofoils. serve and to make available the ma- Jetfoils, he wondered why small fish- The surge of new information arriv- ing boats couldn’t be equipped with jor hydrofoil technical documenta ing via the internet provided the mate- tion, developed over the years at foils for better fuel economy and rial and impetus to upgrade and speed. He would like to find someone great expense in terms of money and expand the newsletter, which has gen- effort. An AMV CDROM (not re- in his area who has ideas about hy- erated even further interest and mem- drofoils. stricted to hydrofoils) is in process. It bership. The Society is more fully will constitute a major breakthrough living up to its mission to promote hy- in making technical documents drofoils of all types, sizes, and appli- Gary Shimozono - Gary is em- readily available to the community. cations. Of late, we really owe a debt ployed at Navatek Ships, Ltd., Hono- Work continues to finalize a to Martin Grimm, Tom Speer, Malin lulu, Hawaii. They are working on the CDROM product that is readable Dixon, and Bill White... they have development of new hullforms. Their and useful to our members and the been pitching in with helping Barney designs have small waterplane areas general advanced marine vehicle au- maintain the Site, and thorough tech- and lift is derived through a combina- dience. Cost of production and dis- nical answers to just about every such tion of buoyant and dynamic lift. The tribution is being worked out. inquiry we have received over the last company is involved with small scale George Jenkins has made a brief few months. tank tests, as well as, construction and analysis of the Society’s member- testing of large prototype vessels. The Steve Chorney has completed a con- company’s designs derive a portion ship. It is as follows: version of the two separate IHS Mem- - 72% of our membership resides in of its lift through dynamic pressure, bership Lists into one. This list can be and thus his interest in hydrofoils. the United States. viewed and printed out from the IHS - There are 58 members in the Wash- web site. You should have received ington, District of Columbia Metro- notice of this from Barney Black Kirk Torstenson - Kirk received a politan area and environs. The next along with a password since it is degree in Naval Architecture/Marine highest area is the State of Washing- meant only for IHS members in good Engineering from Webb Institute of ton, with 16 members. standing (dues paid). If anyone has a Naval Architecture in 1993. He has - There are 18 other countries repre- problem with down-loading this list, previously been involved in various sented in the IHS please notify me immediately, and ship design projects at John J. - Most of these countries have less other provisions will be made. McMullen Associates and ship dock- than 5 members ings at Baltimore Marine Industries. - The non-US countries with the John R. Meyer, He joined Maritime Applied Physics largest memberships are Canada (8) President Corp in January 2001 and has been in- and the United Kingdom (13). volved in various aspects of the Com- The IHS presence on the World Wide pany’s projects including the Web spearheaded by Barney Black, HYSWAS Program.

Page 2 IHS Summer 2001 MonoMaran to be able to analyze the concept’s carry 450 passengers and 68 cars at up (Continued From Page 1) performance and applicability as a to 50 knots. fast ferry transportation platform”. The five smaller designs could carry MonoMaran MM53CX Characteris- version, is carried by fully controlla- tics are: ble lifting surfaces, with the sidehulls 44-450 passengers, while those of well above the waterline. Propulsion 45m and over could be fitted out for Length overall: 53.7m systems would be comprised of diesel 350-900 passengers plus 36-200 cars. Length waterline: 48.5m engines and flush intake waterjets. Rune Odegard reports, “The feasibil- Beam: 20.0m Depth, Moulded: 5.9m According to Rune Odegard, “The ity study included a comprehensive analysis of capital and fuel costs for a Passengers drag is expected to be around 50% of - Main saloon 358 that of catamarans and monohulls op- given route compared with other fast ferry designs. The results show that - Upper saloon 80 erating at similar deadweights at – Total 438 45-50 knots. At lower speeds, signifi- the MonoMaran concept may have significantly lower operating costs. Crew: 12 cant drag reductions are also achiev- Cars: 68 able. The foil system cancels roll “Based on a daily route distance of motions while simultaneously pro- 500 nautical miles, and with current viding damping of heave and pitch Norwegian fuel prices, the difference The test craft measures 13m by 5m motions. in operating costs in relation to a and has a displacement of 7.7 tons. Referring to this, Rune Odegard says, “Compared to sea state accelerations modern diesel powered catamaran with the same service speed and “The seagoing model is one of the of modern catamarans and monohulls largest and most sophisticatedly of similar overall length, equipped deadweight is calculated to be in the range of US$3 million annually. equipped fast ferry models ever pro- with T-foils and trim tabs or intercep- duced. tors, the levels are expected to be re- “The analysis also indicated that duced to approximately 50%. Low building costs are competitive with “Built in aluminum, and fitted with a wash capability is one of the related other fast ferries in the 40+ knot non-scale temporary superstructure, environmental assets.” speed range, basically due to much it has a complete main and trim foil lower power re- system with control and monitoring quirements and systems developed and built by IEI. related cost sav- “The design includes computer con- ings.” trolled hydraulically operated flaps, a Maryland based 400 hp marine gasoline engine, trans- Island Engi- mission, independently maneuver- neering Inc. de- able twin water-jet installations, signed a generator, bow-thruster, GPS, autopi- cavitation-free lot, radar, depth sounder, etc. The Side View of MonoMaran MM53CX foil system for steering system also incorporates joy- the MonoMaran. Rune Odegard dis- sticks, with override capabilities al- In addition, “Damage stability analy- closes: “Based on the encouraging re- lowing manual banking, pitch, heave sis indicates unmatched safety and sults of the feasibility analysis, IEI and roll control. stability aspects. Even without a dou- decided to join the Pilot project as a ble bottom, full raking bottom dam- “The model will undergo an exten- major financial and technological age does not result in any inclination sive test program with David Taylor co-sponsor.” IEI was subsequently whatsoever.” Research Center as a third party wit- awarded a contract to build and test a ness. This will include drag measure- Ten versions of the MonoMaran hav- one-quarter scale model of the ments in calm water and wave ing overall lengths ranging from 15m MM53CX, a 53m ferry designed to to 78m have been evaluated “in order Continued on Next Page

IHS Summer 2001 Page 3 MonoMaran The analysis continued, “Deliveries DELIVERIES AND ORDERS AT DE- (Continued From Previous Page) were not that much lower than in pre- CEMBER 31, 2000 vious years. In fact they are higher heights, measurements of accelera- than during several years since then. Deliveries Orders Total tion in sea states, wake/wash mea- What has dragged the total down is surements, and independent measure the very low figure for outstanding orders at year end.” Catamarans 33 19 52 ments of foil drag. Foil assisted “The program will also evaluate ma- The reluctance of operators to order catamarans - - - neuverability and seaworthiness ca- new vessels continues, apart from in Hovercraft - - - pabilities, including full speed the United States, where eight ves- Hydrofoils 1 - 1 turning radius, dead ship motion ac- sels were delivered and contracts for Hydrofoil celerations in waves, zero to full seven more were placed during 2000. catamarans - - - speed acceleration and crash stop dis- Activity in both the USA and the rest Monohulls 5 9 14 tances.” of the world centered on passenger SES - - - only vessels. SWATHs - 1 1 TechMan is now seeking qualified Wavepiercing yards for “exclusive or range limited Contracts for vehicle ferries proved catamarans 3 - 3 licence production”. Rune Odegard elusive in 2000, 11 of the 14 deliv- Totals 42 29 71 confirms that several potential yards, ered during the year were ordered in owners and technology investors are 1999 or before, as were two of the “keeping a close eye” on the outcome five vessels that are scheduled to be Passenger Ferries of the Pilot project. delivered during the coming months. 50-99 seats 1 - 1 In addition, contracts for some of the 100-149 seats 7 1 8 The test craft is scheduled to be vessels that have been delivered have 150-199 seats 5 - 5 launched during the middle of Febru- involved long term leases rather than 200-249 seats 2 7 9 ary and TechMan says that interested outright orders. 250-299 seats - 4 4 parties are welcome to take a demon- 300-349 seats 6 2 8 stration run as soon trials commence Two of the vessels delivered during 350-399 seats 3 3 6 on the Chesapeake Bay. 2000 were completed in the previous 400-449 seats 4 6 10 year, and three of those due to be de- 450 + seats - 1 1 2000 DELIVERIES AND ORDERS livered during 2001 were launched Totals 28 24 52 between one and four years ago. One, Swath International Super 4000 Passenger Vehicle Ferries (From Fast Ferry International, Feb- swath Cloud X, has been a regular 10-49 cars 2 1 3 ruary 2001) feature of the ‘Outstanding orders’ 50-99 cars 3 - 3 section since 1993! 100-149 cars - - - 000 was not a good year for fast 150-199 cars 2 1 3 2ferry deliveries and orders. The As always, a fast ferry is regarded as 200-249 cars 2 1 3 total of 42 deliveries and 29 out- a vessel, delivered to or ordered by a 250-299 cars 4 1 5 standing orders at year end compares commercial company, capable of 300-349 cars 1 - 1 badly even with 1999’s figures of 57 carrying at least 50 passengers, or an 350-399 cars - - - and 35 respectively. Commenting on equivalent amount of passengers 400-449 cars - - - these a year ago, we pointed out that plus cargo, and having a minimum 450-499 cars - 1 1 the total of 92 fast ferries delivered or service speed of 25 knots. Totals 14 5 19 on order was the lowest since the A breakdown of the various fast fer- magazine started compiling figures in ries by hullform and size categories is 1986. shown in the next column. This was ************* taken from the same FFI issue.

Page 4 IHS Summer 2001 FOILCAT PAPER DELIVERED She was completed and put into com- was enhanced. Shown here is a photo mercial service on the route in 1993. of “Rainbow”. t the recent FAST FERRY Con- Following the success of the original The successful refinement was ap- Aference held in New Orleans, a “Rainbow”, the second craft was or- plied also to the original “Rainbow”. paper entitled: “EXPERI- dered in 1997 for the same route and Then, from 1999 to 2000, no trip can- ENCES WITH THE FULLY SUB- named the “Rainbow 2”. cellation was caused by technical fail- MERGED HYDROFOIL CATA- ure of the both craft. Because the MARAN, THE “RAINBOW” was The second diesel driven fully sub- improved two “Rainbows” could ex- presented. The authors from merged hydrofoil catamaran, the pand the efficient services success- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. “Rainbow 2” successfully entered fully to more ports within the area, were: Naoji Toki, Toru Kitamura, into service in 1998 following a one-day round-trip to the mainland and Shingen Takeda. This is an ex- 5-year operation of the first craft, the was made possible for more residents cerpt from the paper. “Rainbow”. In the design stages of on Oki Islands. And, as the result, the “Rainbow 2”, special attention commercial aviation service from a Oki Islands is located in southwest was paid to the modification of the part of Japan Sea, about forty-miles near-by airport was discontinued. motion control system (APF: Auto The two “Rainbow”s proved that this away from Japanese mainland. Until Pilot on Foils). 1993, on the route to Oki Islands from type of craft could be a solution for Japanese mainland, a 40m mono-hull Although APF for the original “Rain- the demand of high-speed transporta- type high-speed craft and three con- bow” could eliminate wave excited tion to isolated islands. ventional ROPAX ferries were oper- motions, there still remained some ated. And there were also aviation levels of vibration. To clarify the Particulars of Rainbow 2 are: services from a near-by airport. The cause of vibration phenomena sev- Length overall: 33.43 m reputation of the 40m mono-hull craft eral numerical simulation studies Length water line: 28.50m was not favorable because of its un- were performed. As a result of the Beam moulded: 11.00 m avoidable discomfort and low sea- studies, small damping of the motion Depth moulded: 4.20 m keeping ability in heavy sea condi- control system at relatively high fre- Hull-borne draft: 4.50 m tion. The original “Rainbow” was quency range was found. To reduce Foil-borne draft: 2.10 m constructed as a replacement of the the vibration, 4 kinds of refinements Dead weight: App. 34 tons 40m monohull craft and could satisfy which should increase the damping Passengers: 317 the several requirements such as im- of the system, were introduced to the Main engine Mitsubishi S16R- proved ride quality in high seas, and APF for the “Rainbow 2”. MTK-S x 4 relatively low operational cost, etc. The result of the refinement was veri- Power: 2,565PS x 4 fied during sea trials of the Water Jets: Mitsubishi MWJ-5000A “Rainbow 2”, and it was Trial maximum speed 46 knots verified that the vibration Service speed 38 knots levels of the “Rainbow 2” were decreased to about In the design stages of the “Rainbow 10% of those of the origi- 2”, special attention was paid to the nal “Rainbow”. modification of the motion control system. The paper summarizes the Consequently, it is con- process of how the points of improve- cluded that, by the refine- ment were identified, how the im- ment, not only was ride provements were made, and quality improved, but also subsequently verified. The reader is reliability of various referred to the entire paper included Mitsubishi Super Shuttle “Rainbow” equipments on the craft in the Proceedings of the Conference for further details.

IHS Summer 2001 Page 5 CALM WATER TESTING OF THE The tests were conducted in the Na- and underwater flow were made from HYSWAS CONCEPT val Academy Hydromechanics Lab’s video analysis. The visual flow anal- 380-foot towing tank using a ysis sketches showed that the strut two-phase test program. The first and foils have a drastic effect on the [This is an extract of a report by Pe- phase of testing was used to collect water flow around the model. An ex- ter Mitalas, Midshipman 1/c, U.S. lift and drag data for three conditions: ample of an underwater video clip is Naval Academy, April 2001] bare hull, bare hull with main foil shown here. Note that the upper im- he purpose of this student pro- only and bare hull with both foils age is a reflection of the model at the ject was to gather data to investi- added. The second phase of the pro- water surface. Tgate the lift characteristics and gram was used to establish angles of powering requirements of the attack for the main and aft foils, HYSWAS concept as a potential which gave the required amount of “Streetfighter.” The HYSWAS (Hy- lift and balanced the moments at drofoil Small Waterplane Area Ship) given speeds. In both phases, visual is a vessel characterized by a conven- video analysis was performed. tional upper hull mounted on a slen- der strut, which is connected to a cylindrical lower hull. Attached to [Ed Note: I was privileged to witness the lower hull are two sets of foils, some of the model tests. I noted that one forward and one aft. The vessel the bare hull drag data showed excel- lifts out of the water and “flies” at a lent correlation with several theoreti- certain speed by a combination of cal drag calculations plus the results buoyant lift from the lower sub- of a computational fluid dynamics merged hull and dynamic lift pro- program previously performed.] vided by the foils. ______The model used in this experiment The report presents data for various was a 1/25 scale variant of the foil angles of attack, the amount of IDN 1/c Peter Mitalas, a naval 850-ton HYSWAS designed by lift achieved and how the lift broke architecture major, is from MAPC (Maritime Applied Physics down among bare hull, main foil and MJacksonville, FL and is a Corporation) under a U.S. Navy aft foil. Equivalent Horsepower th o member of the 24 Company of the Small Business Innovation Research (EHP) curves for the bare hull at 3.5 U.S. NAVAL ACADEMY. He will project. The model is shown here trim and for the bare hull with main o report to NAS Pensacola in July 2001 mounted on the Naval Academy car- and aft foils attached at 3.5 trim to become a Naval Flight Officer. riage. were also reported. MIDN Mitalas’s Independent Re- Shown above is search Project during the spring se- a freeze-frame mester of 2001 focused on studying image from the the performance of the HYSWAS aft video cam- (Hydrofoil Small Waterplane Ship) era. Note the concept he referred to as narrow wake “Streetfighter”. The model was con- from the slender structed in the Technical Support De- strut in the fig- partment Model Shop. All testing ure. was performed in the Naval Acad- emy Hydromechanics Laboratory’s 380-foot, towing tank. MIDN Mitalas’s advisor for this project is Finally, sketches Prof. Bruce Nehrling. of the waterline

Page 6 IHS Summer 2001 PHM UPDATE nations be tax deductible. From 3 and 4. He ultimately was on the ship there, plans are to apply for accredita- escorting both of them from Seattle to tion with the American Association Key West through the Panama Canal. (By Eliot James, IHS Member) of Museums (AAM) as well as being In fact, one of the pictures on the IHS listed in the National Register as a web site was taken by him from the his is the first real winter we have National Historic Landmark. deck of the support ship USS Fredrick Thad here in Missouri for a few prior to an unrep. He would like to years and it has been a real pain I have obtained the definitions and know who the IHS got it from. as far as tending PHM Aries. We were standards from the US Department of ice bound in a low river for several the Interior, National Maritime Ini- He then supported all activities on weeks, actually about 8 inches of ice tiative and I believe we meet enough both ships for the next 9 months after let us walk completely around the of the National Register criteria. This their arrival in Key West. It is a time ship, at one point, the pressure on the would open up a lot of opportunities in his life he can never forget. hullborne jet nozzles caused a small including qualifying for grants for He has numerous documents from leak that sealed back up when we the preservation and rehabilitation PHM 3 and 4, commissioning bro- freed and kept free the nozzles from process. We continue to be frustrated chures, as well as many pictures from the ice. at the ineffectiveness of our FOIA re- the cruise from Seattle to Key West. questing copies of the SOOMMs that He is proud to be one of the first civil- When the ice thawed and it begins to we know to exist. We have been try- ians to drive a PHM after commis- rain the river floods, which brings ing since September ‘97 and what we sioning. down drift that pulls the anchors we have so far is that the documents use to keep the ship away from the while they do exist, and are of no use bank of the river, this lets the ship drift to anyone other than us, in fact should LITTLE SQUIRT Today in, then when the water recedes the have been thrown away long ago ship can hang up on the bank. So we since the only applicable ships are By David Lednicer use a barge to pull it out and keep the long gone, are still stuck behind a drift clear of the bow among other wall of red tape. If anyone has any n December of last year, leaving things. idea how we can get our hands on the Paine Field in Everett Washington, II spotted a familiar shape next to We were approached by a company SOOMMs, or know of anyone to talk the fence. Going over, I checked and that wanted to use the ship in a movie, to about it, please let me know. We sure enough, it was LITTLE SQUIRT, they seemed very interested and had a are working on being ready for up on blocks for storage. really interesting script but this pro- hullborne cruising this summer and ject seems to have stalled as we were hitting some of the larger waterfront supposed to hear something by Janu- events to sell tours of the ship to help ary and didn’t. So we are back to es- put fuel in the tanks so that next fall tablishing a non profit organization. we can venture south. We hope to ob- We are applying for, and been told we tain dockage someplace a lot warmer are welcome to, the Historic Naval than Missouri for next winter! Ships Association (http://www.mari- ANOTHER PHM STORY time.org/hnsa-guide.htm) as an Asso- ciate member. Howard Kukla, former Field Engi- neer for the Sperry Corp for the It is quite an organization that it seems It was against the fence, on Boeing MK92 FCS (Fire Control System) on will be very helpful in helping us es- property, close to the main airport en- PHM 3 and 4, recently provided tablish an organization for the preser- trance drive, just beyond the Museum some interesting history. vation and rehabilitation of the Aries. of Flight restoration facility. The Next is the establishment of a He was there when the MK92 FCS’s photo shown here was taken by Bob non-profit organization and applying were installed at Boeing, and was Desroche ([email protected]). for tax exempt status, this will let do- there for the commissioning of PHM

IHS Summer 2001 Page 7 HYDROFOILS ON LAKE TITICACA owe their story to the International price of fuel has risen enormously in Hydrofoil Society, which I had prom- Bolivia. ised to provide at the end of my article in 1993. The fuel consumption of the “Alba- By Helmut Kock, IHS Member tross” type hydrofoil boat is eight gal- [Ed Note: This article was based on Why several hydrofoils on such a re- lons per hour. The forty-foot, a letter I received recently from mote lake on the top of the world? It thirty-passenger, stretched “Alba- Helmut.] began thirty-five years ago through tross” type hydrofoil boat, which car- Darius Morgan, the dynamic owner ries thirty passengers, uses only ten was recently surprised to get a and developer of this enterprise, gallons per hour. The fifty foot copy of everything that has been which promised great development “Bolivia Arrow”, with forty passen- Ipublished about me on the Internet and expansion. It started with four, gers, uses twelve gallons per hour. So through my old friend Darius Morgan twenty-passenger “Albatross” type the “Seaflight” is used only rarely in Miami, the owner of Crillon Tours hydrofoil boats. In 1976, I built the when large groups come by. Hydrofoils of Lake Titicaca in “Bolivia Arrow", the fifty-foot, Bolivia. My son-in-law in Chile and forty-passenger vessel. Because of The tourist service of Crillon Tours is my grandson in Germany also are the problems with my eyes a second really exceptional. It was based on searching for everything which has boat could not be built. So Mr. Mor- and can only be maintained with such been published about me and the hy- gan went to Italy to purchase the fast hydrofoil boats. drofoil boats. sixty-passenger “Seaflight”. Later The founder of Crillon Tours has been on, a twenty-eight foot Russian-built living in Miami for many years. The Recently, I found a copy of a publica- hydrofoil boat was purchased to be tion written many years ago about office in Bolivia is managed by his put in service on the lake to take tour- son and daughter. American tourists who visited ists to visit an island to see the con- Bolivia and took the tour across Lake struction of reed boats made there. It is a pity that the tremendous poten- Titicaca in the hydrofoil boats. It tial for tourism in Peru and Bolivia must have been in 1967 on the first All boats are kept in constant, excel- can not be expanded due to the politi- hydrofoil boat, which came to that lent condition. There is a crew of me- cal and financial turmoil in those lake. chanics, pilots and sailors for the countries. boats. It took a long time for me to digest I thank the IHS for the deep interest and get over the very emotional visit the Society has demonstrated for my to Chile, which I made over a year There is no regular passenger service work. ago. Which interrupted the work on on the lake. Only that which is sched- my memoirs. Now I have started uled for tourists which come from all CRILLON TOURS again, trying to unravel the many epi- over the world. sodes in the sixties when I built the his tour company has opened and “Albatross” in California and then the The quantity of passengers varies Tdeveloped Lake Titicaca to the mass production of that model in from day to day. From a single person world. The company operates its Pennsylvania. Then to get fourteen to groups of any size, and so the boats own modern infrastructure of 16 boats in service to the New York are selected according to the amount buses and vans, 7 dependable hydro- Worlds Fair. Four boats went to Lake of passengers, and also to economize Continued on Next Page Titicaca in Bolivia and three to Wash- on the fuel consumption because the ington D.C. Four went to Miami and Disclaimer others to the Caribbean, Lebanon and Interested in hydrofoil history, Alaska. IHS chooses articles and pioneers, photographs? Visit the photos for potential interest to IHS history and photo gallery pages In 1969 came my involvement with members, but does not endorse of the IHS website. the two Russian built hydrofoils, the products or necessarily agree with http://www.foils.org. “Raketa” and the “Kometa”. I still the authors’ opinions or claims.

Page 8 IHS Summer 2001 CRILLON/TITICACA (Continued From Previous Page ) foils, 2 hotels: Inca Utama Hotel & SPA in Huatajata and Posada del Inca on the top of the Sun Island, the unique “Andean Roots” cultural complex, and a central office building in La Paz. The best selling programs in the An- des include unspoiled Bolivia with its exotic and fantastic attractions, repre- sent over forty years of experience, excellent service, reasonable prices and exclusive programs. One can Also shown here is a model of the watch took us for a private guided IZUM- visit the Crillon Web site: new passenger hydrofoil, tour around the boat. Having served RUD, www.titicaca.com. designed by Zelenodolsk ship- as ship engineer for Shell tankers, I yard. This hydrofoil is supposed to wanted to see her gas turbine and Crillon is the only Bolivian Company have auto-controllable foils with a gearbox in the engine room, but un- with an international license for Lake passenger capacity of 180. fortunately the captain, who keeps Crossings and/or land travel to and the keys, was off duty. from Peru. Our Hydrofoils are the only ones on Lake Titicaca comply- ing with international safety stan- dards certifications. RUSSIAN HYDROFOILS

Model of IZUMRUD By Konstantin I. Matveev, IHS [Ed Note: This information was pro- Member The 1st mate pointed out that expen- vided by Konstantin as a conse- sive and unreliable spare parts and re- quence of my query about duced seaworthiness are an issue for he biggest hydrofoil (in the BABOCHKA because I had never further operation of the craft. Her in- world) is shown in the first pic- been able to find a picture of this hy- T terior design, in silver and bright alu- ture. This is a Sokol type craft drofoil in the foilborne mode. We are minum, was rather worn-off, but one named “Aleksandr Kuhanovich”. It grateful to Konstantin for this contri- could still get the typical smell of has deeply submerged foils (aft) and bution.] auto- stabilization system with re- PVC softeners and Soviet mothballs. spect to roll and trim. Its displace- ANOTHER RUSSIAN HYDROFOIL For your information, I am doing ment is 465 tons; maximum speed 60 documentaries for German radio and knots. In a Sea State of 4 to 5, speed By Claus Plaass, IHS Member TV. I am thinking about a series por- is 52 to 53 knots. Power of the main traying the pushers, and “avant- engines is 3x18,000 HP. It was built recently came upon a Russian Hy- gardist” scientists of hydrofoils and by Zelenodolsk shipyard in 1977. Idrofoil now operating between the advanced marine designs, so any con- islands of the Greek Cyclades Ar- tacts would be highly appreciated. The NATO classification for this chipelago. Sokol type hydrofoil is As the sun set, we walked the pier and BABOCHKA . after a short introduction, the mate on

IHS Summer 2001 Page 9 SAILOR’S PAGE

A-CAT FOILING Charlie Johnson, another old P19 some suggestions on how to build racer and Rob Lyman went out with this model and from what materials the JAX Rudder Club committee boat By Dave Carlson etc. Budget will be rather limited so and Rob’s camera and chased me. some alternatives would be much ap- [This is an excerpt from a message They got some good shots. preciated. — Jez McKean sent to Barney Black, 9 April 2001. I foiled pretty well; could stay up ([email protected]); Ashdown From Foiling Report #57, April Fools even though the air was very puffy- House, Basmore Lane; Shiplake on Day, 2001. Jacksonville, FL. Photos estimated 12-15 knots in streaks, then Thames; Oxon RG9 3NU UK by Rob Lyman, owner of Daddio, 15-20 knots of air: It felt like I was ______RC-27.] doing 18-20 knots. I capsized once at fter winning the River City Re- slow speed off the foils just after a Doug Lord felt it was great that gatta...(11211 with the Catnip in jibe when the mainsheet was at the someone had an interest in modeling Aconventional stock condition wrong angle and I couldn’t release it. an RC foiler. The conditions Jez re- versus a variety of other Cats (Nacra No problem although one sticky H16 ferred to: 1’ waves/chop with a 39" 6.0, Prindle 19, Hobie 18 and Hobie rudder cam stayed locked down model are extreme to the point of be- 16), I went out foiling. which was a nuisance. I had to go ing impractical. Think about it: that back to shore to pop it up. The foils would be like 12-foot waves on a 39’ I have slightly modified my old otherwise worked pretty good. boat; this becomes doubly difficult in wooden epoxy/plywood Catnip to use short period choppy conditions. The the surface-piercing foil system, but After Rob and Charlie went off for a main problem is that to get the hull using sturdier, simpler, different sup- rescue (many cruisers motored in clear of the wave tops while foiling port arms compared to those Dave with torn sails, and one lost its rudder one would require an extraordinarily Keiper invented. This system works entirely which broke off at the shaft), deep foil. That may be OK but the pretty well now, and the A-cat zooms I kept foiling until cold - for a good 2 crux is that when you’re not foiling along airborne nicely and stays up for hours. that vertical foil will be very deep minutes at a time. Nothing having to and cause a lot of drag which will do with the boat or foils has broken HOW TO BUILD AN R/C MODEL make it difficult to get up on foils in yet - and this foil set is 3 years old. ? the first place. The other main con- A-class woodie with small foil set, sideration, in those conditions, is get- both foils set about +5 degrees. Rud- By Jez McKean ting the center of effort of the sails ders+4 degrees with one lower fin too far away from the center of lateral have recently decided I’d like to only. resistance so that you may be forced build a radio controlled (R/C) to carry too little sail area to avoid ex- Imodel sailing hydrofoil (about 1 cessive heeling moment. This can all meter high) from scratch. I hadn’t be calculated relatively simply and seen any sailing hydrofoils before so should be foremost on your agenda was glad to see that it is going to be as you get started. I would suggest possible (in some form at least). I in- designing a foiler a little longer and tend to sail it in the stretch of the sailing in smoother conditions until River Thames near home, so the you understand more about the boat model will have to cope with varied you come up with. wind conditions and must cope with high waves/chop (up to 1 foot high) – I will try to give you some basic pa- ie. waterproofing for radio and ser- rameters that may help you. You vos is probably required. Since I have to decide on the hull configura- have not yet started, and am keen to learn new skills, I am looking for Continued on Page 11

Page 10 IHS Summer 2001 tion. It basically comes down to a cat- since the rudder foil counteracts the look at our foiler on our site at: amaran or trimaran; I would suggest a pitching moment of the boat). The www.microsail.com. – Doug Lord trimaran about 1.2 times wider than it span of all three foils can be about ([email protected]) is long with amas (outside hulls) hav- 22.6% of the length of the boat, each. 3 ing a 16 to 18/1 beam to length ratio Flap area should be about 33% of foil MicroSail’s MicroFoiler F and a total buoyancy of about 75% of area. the all up weight of the boat. The main We used a total foil area of 2.7% of By Martin Grimm, IHS Member hull should, of course, support the sail area divided equally between all whole boat without either ama in the etails of this hydrofoil sailboat three foils. The rudder T-foil should water and have a beam to length ratio are also provided on be set at about 0 degrees angle of inci- D of about 12/1. Next you need to decide MicroSail!’s website: dence. Weight should be referenced to on foil type and configuration. The www.microsail.com, from which the sail area and you should have at least two main types of foil used on sailing following summary was prepared. 196 sq. inches of sail area per pound hydrofoils are: (1) “Bruce” (surface of displacement for winds between 0 piercing) foils and, (2) “T” foils. and 7 mph with the ability to reduce This is a lovely looking model sailing Bruce foils do not need an altitude sail as the wind picks up. The figures hydrofoil trimaran with an overall control system since they are at an an- given here could produce a boat capa- length of 55.75", a beam of 62" and gle of approximately 45 degrees and ble of taking off in a 5-6 mph wind. displacement of between 7.9 to 8.2 lb are designed to rise up out of the water depending on battery size and radio as the boat gains speed thereby reduc- control gear. The model can be oper- ing their wetted surface to a minimum ated using a two channel radio control and providing just the lift they need to. unit though a five channel system The problem is that they tend to venti- would be best. late (suck air and lose lift) easily, es- pecially in waves. I would suggest The MicroFoiler F3 is capable of fly- using “T” foils with a flap even ing on the foils in as little as five mph though they are a little more compli- of wind. The boat is said to be excep- cated; they can be set up to provide a tionally maneuverable while on the foil set that develops its own righting foils, yet still sails well off the foils. moment as it goes faster and they work real well on a model. The best way to learn about them is to go see a This boat is being produced as a strict full-size RAVE hydrofoil and study One-Design Class with weight and how it is set up, especially the altitude dimensions held within strict toler- control system. ances. The boat, foils and rig were de- signed by Doug Lord with the help of 3 Here are some facts based on our F Dr Sam Bradfield (designer of the full that may help: Configuration: two “T” size Rave hydrofoil built by Wilder- foils forward, one “T” foil on the rud- ness systems which will be featured der. The forward foils are set up with You might want to contact Dr. Sam in the next Newsletter) and his team at approximately 2.5 degrees angle of Bradfield to ask permission to use HydroSail Inc. For the model, incidence and are supported by verti- brilliant and simple altitude control MicroSail has licenced the use of Dr. cal foils that develop lateral resis- system for a one-of model; again the Bradfield’s altitude control system; a tance. The vertical foils are located best way to learn about it is to see a brilliant and simple design that is just forward of the center of buoyancy 3 full-size RAVE. Hope this gives you used virtually unmodified. The F is of the main hull such that the main enough to start doing some serious however not a scale model of the foils support approx. 80% of the boat planning; but remember the more you Rave or any other full size foiler; weight with the tail foil taking about learn the better off you’ll be. Feel free rather it was designed specifically as 20 % (actually much less in practice to contact me by email, and take a a model.

IHS Summer 2001 Page 11 LAS VEGAS COMPANY TO LAUNCH shuttle between Maui and Molokai in Unfortunately, the books haven’t HYDROFOIL SERVICE IN HAWAII the middle of the day. Eventually, been translated from Japanese yet, Dillon said, he would expect but the pictures and charts are still [Ken Plyler, IHS Member, provided inter-island routes to Oahu and the quite useful. an article from the Maui Sun news- Big Island. He said there are “big ifs”, paper, from which the following including finding docks at crowded He built the boat in 1955, it has a was extracted.] harbors, all of which are operated by 350cc 18hp outboard with a 16" ex- the State. tension, it’s manually “flown” (no Las VegaCompany has told the surface sensor), and as you saw, he re- Alegislature (in Hawaii) it plans A foreseen difficulty is that of a ports 1.4G turns! There were several to inaugurate hydrofoil service speeding hydrofoil hitting a whale. versions made including a tandem, for commuters on Oahu, with a run The whale population is increasing, and eventually Yamaha built the between Maui and Molokai. according to Adam Pack of the Ma- OR-S1 with a fully enclosed cockpit Skeptics wondered where the ferries rine Mammal Laboratory, and al- in one, two, and 12 seat configura- and/or passengers would come from, ready this year an inflatable whale tions, but couldn’t market them be- and whether high-speed Jetfoils watch boat, the Maui Explorer, has cause of liability concerns. The could co-exist with humpback hit a whale. A full-grown whale design eventually found its way to whales. William E. (Matt) Dillon, weighs more than 40 tons and is about production as the Yamaha Marine Jet president of Rainbow Transportation 40 feet long; Boeing Jetfoils are 90 with no foils. Group, made a presentation to the feet long. legislature last week. His company is SINGLE LEGGER I’ll definitely let you know how it registered to do business in Nevada goes with the LegShell and the 24hr and has a Las Vegas address, but no By Ron Drynan attempt. More info on HPVA: telephone listing. r. Kotaro Horiuchi has a long http://www.IHPVA.org/hpva/,also Dillon told the House Committee and amazing career of boat www.HumanPoweredBoats.com that Rainbow could be operating by Mbuilding, much of it with the end of the year with four Horiuchi Labs of YamahaMotor. He 250-passenger Boeing Jetfoils. Rain- sent me his book called “A Locus of NEW BENEFIT bow is planning to use the boats iden- A Boat Designer”, [ISBN4-8072- IHS provides a free link from tical to or perhaps the same boats as 4201-6], in which there is great de- the IHS website to members’ per- used by Sea Flite in Maui waters tail on Single Legger and many of his sonal and/or corporate site. To re- some years ago. He told lawmakers other projects. He tells me there’s a quest your link, contact Barney C. he is not deterred by the Sea Flite new book coming out soon which Black, IHS Home Page Editor at failure. will cover the HPB and en- [email protected]. gine-powered hydrofoils in detail. Federal money is potentially avail- able for ferry operations. Rainbow’s plan is to move commuters around IHS BOARD OF DIRECTORS Oahu at the morning and afternoon rush hours, then use the same boats to 1998-2001 1999-2002 2000-2003 IHS OFFICERS 2000 - 2001 Stephen Duich Jerry Gore Mark R. Bebar John Meyer President Frank Peterson Jim King William Hockberger Mark Bebar Vice President John R. Meyer Ken Spaulding George Jenkins George Jenkins Treasurer Peter Squicciarini Mike Perschbacher Ralph Paterson, Jr. Ken Spaulding Secretary

Page 12 IHS Summer 2001 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Hanning-Lee WHITE HAWK Re- sian type Ekranoplan in a small ship- have asked for some pictures for your visited... yard near Hamburg last year). I got files. — John Leaver the name and the phone number of [9 May 01] When the Hanning-Lees ([email protected]) one of the chief developers of the attempted the water speed record on Luerssen experimentals, a guy Response...[4 Mar 01] I am curious Lake Windermere in the early 1950s, named Dr. Osterstehte. I will call him about the German hydrofoil kit of a my father was the Rolls Royce me- and ask him to get some closer infor- river police launch a little larger than chanic that went to sort out starting mation about the experiments. By the the PT50. I wonder if it is just the size problems on the Derwent engine. If way: Do you know the concept of of the model, which is larger (due to you want the full story, it was a bit of the”Wenddelsches Schnellschiff" its scale) or whether it is a model of a shambles with nothing planned. It (transl. Fastship), developed by Pro- an actual hydrofoil larger than the was all left to RR, as the mechanics fessor Wenddel, a former collabora- PT50? I recall the Hessian Water Po- that accompanied the boat did not tor of Baron von Schertel. An lice in Germany operated three of the have a clue. My father I think at the experimental prototype exists in the small Supramar PT3 hydrofoil time was Test Superintendent at the collection of the German Navigation launches on the Rhine. Details were RR factory in Barnolswick where the Museum in Bremerhaven, Germany. provided in an article in Hovering engine was tested. It may have been Another idea was the hydrofoil pro- Craft and Hydrofoil, Vol.2, No.4, fitted there, but I am not sure of this. I ject of the German engineer Dr. Ingo January 1963, pp22-23. — Martin also know that he also went up to Schloer. He has worked out a con- Grimm ([email protected]) Barrow on a number of occasions — cept, which looks like the crossing Keith Weightman PHM Plank Owner... between a SWATH, a fixed wing hy- ([email protected]) drofoil, and a PHM. There is a picture [4 May 01] I was a Plank Owner on Luerssen Hydrofoils... of it in a German book about Fast At- the USS TAURUS PHM-3. I am tack Craft. This project vanished into building a personal web site and am [4 Mar 01] A shipyard manager from the drawer for uninteresting projects building a section on the TAURUS, Luerssen Werft GmbH, Bremen told in the German Ministry of Defense. I it’s not finished, but coming up fast. me something about the small hydro- will inform you, if can get more in- Maybe your members would be in- foil Luerrsen built in the early seven- formation about the Luerssen hydro- terested. — L. R. Hargis ties. This boat was a experimental foils. — C. Schramm MSCM(SS/SW), NAS Whidbey Is- prototype, fully developed by ([email protected]) land, ; email: Luerssen. It worked well, but the idea PT-50 Model... ([email protected]) fell out of favor at Luerssen so they website:http://www.members.tri- donated the boat to the “Auto & [04 Mar 01] Just to let you know I pod.com/masterchiefscorner Technikmuseum - Sinsheim. He said have found a PT50 built and painted also that Luerssen built 6 experimen- PHM Hull “Print-Thru”... as per the box on the IHS website. I tal hydrofoils including the shown have not flown it yet but the chap one after World War II. These were [4 May 01] Might I trouble you for who built it says, it is very fast - it has mostly built without a yard number your thoughts on PHM Hull print done a Barrel Roll due to having a (sounds like Luerssen tried to keep thru visible on structure? — Arthur new motor fitted. I have also found a these experiments as secret.). He M. (“Bo”) Hoover German hydrofoil kit of a river police could not say where these boats are ([email protected]); Technical Ser- launch a little larger than the PT50 today, but if someone will search in vices Group; 12015 Cloverland which I may build later. I will keep in small yacht harbors, some sheds, Court; Baton Rouge, LA 70809; touch after my first flight. In interest, warehouses, scrapyards and the de- Phone:225-751-9800; Fax: 225-753- the chap on your web with a PT50 pots of the German authorities and 1726; website: www.tsgcom.com. states he has never heard of one the navy, he could find astonishing called Condor. Actually, Condor things. (So I have found a small Rus- Ferries ran no less than five of them! I Continued on Next Page

IHS Summer 2001 Page 13 Letters To The Editor ([email protected]) [4 May 01] I problems would be more apparent by (Continued From Previous Page ) was not directly involved with PHM signs of cracking of the plating or program, since it was a construction stiffeners or evidence of attempts to Responses...[4 May 01]I was the program. I was the Head of the Hy- re-weld cracks, which is somewhat Chief Engineer of the USS GEMINI drofoil Trials Unit, a part of David problematical for alloy ship struc- (PHM 6) in 1987-88. I don’t think the Taylor Naval Ship Research and De- tures as the heat affected zone around print thru you are referring to in the velopment Center, U.S. Navy. Our the weld repairs may just promote hull plating is a big deal. All ships oil part was to provide consultation and further cracking in the same area! — can their plating to some extent, even even ran some development work Martin Grimm the 563’ steel hull Spruance De- such as evaluating the firing of Har- ([email protected]) stroyer I was on. I think it’s a function poon missiles off a flying hydrofoil. I of the high-speed stresses the hull Producibility Improvements... am not familiar with your term “print goes through and the thickness of the thru”. If you are talking of the visibil- plate of Navy ships. The hull will oil [3 May 01] I am aware that PEGA- ity of the frames on the hull, it is due can some, but the superstructure of a SUS (PHM-1) was built to metric to the welding and construction tech- PHM above the main deck will show units and the follow-on hydrofoils in nique. Boeing chose to use the air- this even more since the bulkheads imperial units. Also, didn’t the fol- craft technique of assembly of the are really thin. That is my operator’s low-on PHMs have structural mods hull upside down on jigs rather than opinion, but I defer to the real engi- to make production more simple? the method most shipyards use which neers if their opinion is different then The issue of Naval Engineers Journal is to allow the hull to move as it is mine. I went to visit Elliot James and (around 1985) dealing with ANVs welded and control the shape by the ex-ARIES. It reminded me that describes some of this. I am inter- welding sequence. The later ships be- the ships are miserable without a ested to hear more about this.— Mar- came better as the welders became functioning air conditioning system. tin Grimm more proficient. — Sumi Arima That is one of your biggest priorities, ([email protected]) ([email protected]) after hullborne propulsion, steering, Response …[3 May 01] The produc- and a bow thruster. I never saw a [4 May 01] I have never come across tion PHM (PHM 3 Series) Program PHM in the special cradle that Boeing the terminology “print thru” or “oil conducted a set of Producibility made for the hydrofoils, but I did see can” when referring to hull plating Studies in the 1977-78 time frame. the cradle. Looked like a HUGE boat before, but I think it is the same as These studies were aimed at improv- trailer. In my time on the PHMs we what is also referred to as the “Hun- ing producibility (reducing cost) for used a floating dry dock to get them gry Horse Look”. In other words, the the 5 follow ships and covered a out of the water. We were right off the hull shell plating or superstructure number of areas. Two of the key areas ICW near Mayport for the yard avail- plating is dished in between the stiff- were Struts-and-Foils and Hull ability during my tour, in a shipyard eners when viewed from outside giv- Structure. There was no change from that now works on tugs. The floating ing it the look of a starved horse with metric to British units however. To dry dock is no longer there. By the its skeleton showing through! That is my knowledge, this issue was never way, there are some fixed fins on the indeed fairly typical of lightly con- raised since all of the production bottom for directional stability that structed naval ships, and would pre- drawings for the lead ship (PEGA- you need to keep in mind dragging sumably be even more so for the SUS) were in metric, and it would them out of the water. When I was on PHMs. It would be caused by a com- have been cost prohibitive to switch the ex-ARIES, I thought some win- bination of distortion of the plating to British units. Strut/Foil dows in the Combat Information due to the welding process during Producibility studies were driven by Center (CIC) would make that a nice fabrication and later by sea loads act- the need to address the problems with main deck salon. Much of the engi- ing on the hull. It typically reaches a stress-corrosion induced cracking in neering spaces are not required now steady state point where no further the chordwise direction on PHM 1 aft without a gas turbine engine, but with significant deflection occurs with foil. The 17-4 PH steel used for PHM 132 feet of ship you can have a few further years of service and does not feet of wasted yacht. — Jon Coile mean the structure has failed. Fatigue Continued on Next Page

Page 14 IHS Summer 2001 Letters To The Editor selling the product or concept to a pass. The sites have not been detailed (Continued From Previous Page ) larger manufacturing company and enough so I am still searching. — claiming a Royalty. We got a long Gilbert Schmidt. 1 was especially susceptible to such way down the road and were involved ([email protected]) cracking propagated from within the with some financial backers ( some hollow foils when sea water intruded better than others ), but as the partners Response...[15 Apr 01] There’s a into the foils and there was no way to involved dissolved their partnership comprehensive treatment of ocean remove it. PHM 1 operations were (amicably ) we all went our separate waves and the motion of boats in modified to add an oil/wax substance ways, Graeme Vanner was a partner waves in Principles of Naval Archi- called ‘Floatcoat’ to adhere to the in- as was Gavin Cawood and Myself. tecture Vol. III, available from ternal surfaces and delay corrosion. When the Partnership dissolved I SNAME. Another classic is Theory The cracking was centered in areas of took the debts and for that I took with of Seakeeping by Korvin- high stress caused by center-of-lift me all the equity in the company - its Kroukovsky (1961), also from fluctuations resulting from flap actu- products, prototypes, tooling, intel- SNAME. If you do a web search on ation at foilborne speeds. The solu- lectual property and so on. I was in- “polyspectra” you will find some tion for production PHMs was to tending to develop the Manta Foil to modern material on current research. eliminate the aft strut-to-foil welded sell myself in small numbers but my — Tom Speer ([email protected]); connections in the high stressed areas wife and babies have got in the way. I website: http://www.tspeer.com; fax: close to the aft struts and ‘hog’ solid am an industrial designer/ stylist and +1 206 878 5269 billets of 17-4 PH into an inverted tee used to style cars but now design Mo- [15 Apr 01] I would think most good solid structure, with the foil skins tor Yachts from 50 - 200 feet. At the general oceanography texts would welded to this solid inverted T further moment I am torn between selling the provide this. I have one that has what outboard. There was a weight in- prototype, or looking for a manufac- I think is quite a good overview: Es- crease in the foil system of several turer but I haven’t really got time to sentials of Oceanography, 3rd Edi- metric tons. For Hull Structure do it myself. Any potential buyer tion, by Harold V. Thurman, Merrill producibility, the structural detail de- would receive the benefits of the Publishing Company, 1990. If you sign was extensively modified to re- knowledge gained in the work and find it, “Chapter9-Waves” is simple duce the large number of different testing to date. — Steve Gresham and clear. Other books by Willard scantlings used in the lead ship (this ([email protected]) Bascom, B. Kinsman, and G.L. was done on PHM 1 for minimum Wave Theory Sources... Pickard would probably give good weight). By modifying the design to treatments. (Bascom had an article in use fewer tailored scantlings, espe- [15 Apr 01] I am trying to see how a 1959 issue of Scientific American cially forward in the ship, the meters water waves work, mainly deep water that’s good, also.) — Bill Hockberger of welding in the follow ships was waves. They describe a circular pat- ([email protected]) drastically reduced with a savings in tern of the water particles, and some man-hours for welding. There was a sites mention about a slow progres- weight increase in SWBS Group 100 sion of water particles as the waves [4 Mar 01] The clearest description of about 4.5 metric tons if memory of deep water waves I’ve seen is in serves me. — Mark Bebar Letters To the Editor allows Principles of Naval Architecture ([email protected]) hydrofoilers to ask for or provide infor- (New York: SNAME, 1967, 7th mation, to exchange ideas, and to inform Printing 1986) edited by John P. Hot Personal Hydrofoil... [15 Apr the readership of interesting develop- Comstock. It is in Chapter IX “The 01] I thought you might be interested ments. More correspondence is pub- Motion of Ships in Waves” by Ed- in my hydrofoil that I built some lished in the Posted Messages and ward V.Lewis, in particular Section 1 years ago. I would be happy to send Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) “Ocean Waves.” I would guess that you lots more photos as I am thinking section of the IHS internet web site at this, or a later edition, is still avail- of selling it. The hydrofoil which I http://www.foils.org. All are invited to call the ‘Manta foil’ (as in the Manta participate. Opinions expressed are Ray) was developed with the idea of those of the authors, not of IHS. Continued on Next Page

IHS Summer 2001 Page 15 Letters To The Editor weight and reducing stress in the ma- tor with DFM Flow rate 95 li- (Continued From Previous Page ) terial through thicker structure on the ters/minute. Before that in the fuel pump. — Mark Bebar line there were to be two able through SNAME. — John S. ([email protected]) 5-micrometer pre-filters for particu- Pattison late matter. Two types of fuel could [4 Mar 01] This is news to me. I am be used interchangeably, DFM per [4 Mar 01] Easiest rules of thumb unaware of any limitations on the MIL-T-16884 and JP5 per (theory not withstanding): 1. Wave gun due to ship vibrations. Yes, the MIL-T-5624. I am not sure if this info pitch is 20 times wave height. 2. No PHM, which the German representa- will be of much use to you in current significant wave action below Sea tive (Dr. Bakenhaus) rode, was PEG- times, but it is all I have right now. State 2 wave heights. — Nat Kobitz ASUS. I remember him being Probably the manufacturer General ([email protected]) onboard in Port Hueneme for rough Electric (GE) would be the best water trials. I do not recall him being PHM as Gun Platform... source of current specifications and onboard for the gun firing trials out requirements for the engine. — [11 Apr 01] In the earlier stages of of Puget Sound. — Philip Yarnall Barney C. Black PHM development, the German Fed- ([email protected]) ([email protected]) eral Navy was interested because they PHM Fuel Consumption... Human Powered VehicleVideos... were planning to replace the conven- tional fast attack craft due to their in- [11 Apr 01] How much fuel does a ability to operate at higher sea states. PHM hydrofoil need, if it runs [4 Mar 01] Well, I’ve finally finished The German company Luerssen Ship- foilborne at a speed of 45 - 50 knots? the “WaterCycling 2000 - The State yard was involved in this project. A What kind of fuel in which quality is of the Art” video series! There are manager the shipyard told me about needed? — C. Schramm eight hours of fantastic footage on his experiences with the PHM. He ([email protected]) four tapes, with features on the great said that the PHM tested (maybe hydrofoil and expedition boats, rac- PEGASUS?) developed low fre- Responses... [11 Apr 01] The spe- cific fuel consumption of the ing coverage from 1986 through quency vibrations when it ran through 2000 showing events from the North higher short seas. Because of this vi- LM2500 GT engine at about 15,000 to 16,000 hp was 0.430 lb per hp America, Europe, and Japan, and bration problem it was thought not to promo videos from 18 boat manufac- be a stable platform for the 76 mm Oto hour. So at 45 knots the fuel rate was about 6450 lbs or 2.88 L tons per turers. All told, there are over 200 dif- Melara gun. Is that true? — C. ferent boats on these tapes. For a Schramm ([email protected]) hour. This is equivalent to about 0.064 LTons per mile or about 143 limited time, I’m offering the set for Response...[11 Apr 01] I don’t recall lbs per nautical mile. This was the $25US to I/HPVA members, $30US any vibration problem that affected characteristic of the LM2500 engine for non-members, including ship- the gun. When the gun was fired, the operating at these power levels. It ping. After that, the Human Powered sonic height sensor reacted to the would be that way on any ship! (But Vehicle Association (HPVA) will noise, causing the ship to change at a different speed perhaps.) Note take over distribution, and the price height. A circuit was installed in the that the LM2500 has been improved will be somewhere in the $40-$50 height sensor electronics to eliminate over the years, so these numbers are range + shipping. All proceeds will this problem. When the radar height out of date. In looking back at the re- be donated to the HPVA. Please visit sensor was used, this problem did not quirements for fuel in the original www.HumanPoweredBoats.com/Fo exist. — Sumi Arima shipbuilding specification, I note rms/F_HH2000_VideoOrder.htm for ([email protected]) that the reference is to the manufac- a detailed segment listing and to or- turer’s spec for the specific require- der your copy. — Ron Drynan [4 Mar 01] Doesn’t ring a bell with ments for cleanliness, temperature, ([email protected]) me. The production pump re-design and pressure... I do not have these. website: by Aerojet was focused on the higher The shipbuilder spec required a www.HumanPoweredBoats.com HP rating for increased full load Facet Model 670350-1 filter/separa-

Page 16 IHS Summer 2001 The NEWSLETTER International Hydrofoil Society P. O. Box 51, Cabin John MD 20818 USA

Editor: John R. Meyer Autumn 2001 Sailing Editor: Martin Grimm

ADVANCED MARINE VEHICLE WHERE ARE YOU IN CD-ROM AVAILABLE CYBERSPACE?!

IHS relies on electronic communi- he International Hydrofoil Society has available a cation with the membership to improve TCD-ROM collection of technical information on Advanced timeliness and reduce mailing costs. If Marine Vehicles (AMVs), including hydrofoils. The price you are a member with email, let us including postage is US$5.00 (five dollars), regardless of desti- know your email address! Thank you. nation. Orders must be pre-paid, and are being accepted now. Instructions on how to order can be found on the IHS website at 2001 DUES ARE DUE http://www.foils.org/ihspubs.htm IHS Membership is still only US$20 per calendar year (US$2.50 for stu- dents). Your renewal or new membership is critical. Please remit 2001 dues as soon as possible. We regret that high bank fees make it impractical for IHS to accept pay- ment by credit card or a check drawn on a non-US bank, or by other than US funds. Overseas members with no easy way to send US funds, are advised to send money order to IHS or US Dollars cash.

INSIDE THIS ISSUE - President’s Column ------p. 2 - Welcome New Members ----- p. 2 - 17th Fast Ferry Conference p. 3 - MonoMaran ------p. 6 - Ride Quality Cost Benefits - p. 7 - Ferry Demonstration ------p. 8 - Sailor’s Page ------p. 10 See CD-ROM, Page 3 - Letters To the Editor ------p. 13 WELCOME NEW MEMBERS PRESIDENT’S COLUMN Christian Beiner - After gradua- tion from the FH Karlsruhe as a me- chanical engineer, Christian Beiner s you can see from the article on We welcome the addition of these joined MTU Friedrichshafen in page 1 of this Newsletter, the A Board Members to the current other 1988. He worked five years in the IHS has achieved a major goal. Classes given on page 12 of this development and design depart- Your Society has produced a CD fea- Newsletter. ment, mainly on gas-turbine propul- turing 57 technical documents on a sion plants for marine applications. variety of Advanced Marine Vehicles Shortly thereafter, the Board of Direc- In 1993 he transferred to the techni- (AMV). It all started with an ambi- tors elected the following members to cal sales department as project engi- tious effort by Ken Spaulding (IHS serve as officers of the Society for the neer, later on becoming team leader Member and Secretary) when he was next year: responsible for processing several chairman of the SNAME SD-5 Panel. President: John Meyer propulsion-system orders for vari- The intention was to provide to the Vice President: Mark Bebar ous navies. In 2000 Mr. Beiner was AMV community a listing of about Secretary: Ken Spaulding awarded responsibility for the engi- 500 key technical documents with Treasurer: George Jenkins neering and sales of propulsion sys- annotated bibliographies. The list tems for commercial marine was generated, but the bibliographies I personally want to thank all of the applications. were not developed. above members for their willingness to serve the Society, and I look for- Roderick Clayards - Rod, from Later the idea of selecting many of ward to the months ahead as we con- Saanichton, British Columbia, be- these documents and making them tinue to make progress in fulfilling came involved with hydrofoils available “On-Line” was considered. our mission. through the H.S. Victoria in 1967 However, this goal was confronted by and has been interested in them ever barriers we could not easily over- I was very pleased to hear about a San since. He flies seaplanes for Harbor come. It was finally agreed to scan a Diego -Oceanside High Speed, Air Ltd., the largest all seaplane air- group of documents and import them Low-Emission Ferry Demonstration. line in the world. Flying in that area, to a CD. This has been done with the SCX, Inc., headed up by Stan Siegel he has had an opportunity to see the help of NAVSEA. Also, Barney (IHS Member) was named as the suc- Boeing Jetfoils from time to time. Black has enhanced many of the doc- cessful bidder for this project. Details uments that were scanned by adding are provided on page 8 of this NL. Axel Mainzer Koenig - Axel, from “hot links” to aid the reader in finding Portland, Oregon, is CEO of 21st Bill White has uploaded a new update his way through the larger reports. Century Data Analysis. He has an to the Links page on the IHS web site. Further details are given in the article. interest in Fast Marine Transporta- In addition, he has split up a few sub- We hope that many of our members tion (present and history as well). sections that were getting too large to and others in the AMV community He has a particular research interest fit within a web page. As a result there will order this CD in the near future. in wave phenomena, especially are now new links on the page, computational issues, wake wash, namely: Educational Section Codes, dispersive waves. His academic All of our members received Ballots Legislation and Conferences Section training is in applied mathematics for the election of a new Class of and Brokers/Builder section. We ap- with an M.S. at the University of Board members for 2001 through preciate what Bill and Barney Black Iowa in 1983. He is multilingual in 2004. There was an overwhelming are doing to keep the web site up to German, French, and some Russian. vote for the following: date and immensely informative. Axel has expressed an interest in as- Sumiyasu Arima sisting with language issues in con- Malin Dixon John Meyer nection with the IHS website. John Meyer President William White

Page 2 IHS Autumn 2001 AMV CD-ROM application. If a poor quality scan or travel, when compared to other (Continued From Page 1) other error has resulted in a serious modes of transportation. Tim Kelley loss of information, please report reported that the US government A list of document titles included in these problems to [email protected] spends $44.95 on every rail passen- the CD-ROM can be viewed at or [email protected] for clarifica- ger and $2.45 on every air passenger http://www.foils.org/AMVlist.pdf tion as well as for correction in a fu- but only $0.74 on each ferry passen- You will need the free Adobe Acrobat ture edition. ger. Reader plug-in for your internet browser to view this list. The user will need the free Adobe Of particular interest to the interna- Acrobat reader to open the various tional community at the conference A description and disclaimer is at files. One can download this pro- was Tim Kelley’s prediction that http://www.foils.org/AMVinfo.pdf gram from the IHS web site: there is virtually no chance that the This is also an Acrobat file. http://www.foils.org current administration in the United States will take any action to cancel This CD-ROM contains a collection or relax the Jones Act. of valuable technical and historical It is intended to offer a second edi- material along with a numerical and tion of this CDROM when other doc- However, he is optimistic about a an alphabetical index of the contents. uments can be scanned and added to convergence of the archaic US Coast To keep the price low, the CD-ROM the first edition. Guard code for vessel classification was assembled and reproduced on a with the IMO High Speed Craft “best efforts”, minimum-expense ba- Code, as currently indicated by the 17TH FAST FERRY CONFERENCE sis with the support of the U. S. Naval delegation to Det Norske Veritas of Sea Systems Command. The original plan approval for Alaska Marine scanning has been edited to some de- (From Fast Ferry International, Highway System’s proposed passen- gree, and Table of Contents “hot April 2001) ger/vehicle catamaran. links” were inserted to enhance sev- eral of the documents. he 17th Fast Ferry Conference Prospects for fast ferries in the Ca- Tand Caribbean Exhi- ribbean were considered by Peter The text of the AMV documents has bition was held in New Orleans, Wild of GP Wild International, who been processed through an automatic Louisiana, on March 13-15. Nine- first addressed the global distribu- Optical Character Reader (OCR). teen papers were presented in seven tion of fast ferries. Current regional While this greatly enhances the us- technical sessions. The first paper, capacity, he said, is 35% in the Far ability of the documents in that the re- on the subject of the United States East, 27% in the southern Mediterra- sulting text is searchable by key fast ferry market, was presented by nean, 14% in Northern Europe, 9% words, there is also a disadvantage. Tim Kelley of Dalton & Kelley. His in North America, 7% in Australasia, No OCR software is 100% accurate, statistics on US ferry operations (285 2% in the Caribbean and 6% else- especially when processing docu- companies carrying 115 million pas- where. ments whose physical quality has de- sengers and 31 million vehicles an- teriorated through age or copying. The 2% in the Caribbean consists of nually) were a good introduction to 34 craft, mostly in Guadaloupe and Thus the OCR conversion has almost the country’s ferry systems. certainly introduced some errors into the Virgin Islands, of which 79% are the text, ranging in seriousness from More interesting yet were the fast catamarans, 9% are hydrofoils, and inaccurate data down to changes in ferry statistics. Only 25 of the 285 12% are monohulls. As one would font style or size. operators use fast ferries and there suspect, the highest rate of recent are none using high speed vehicle growth has been in the tourist market Accordingly, the IHS can assume no ferries. One possible explanation for in Cuba, followed by Venezuela and responsibility for the accuracy of this this lack of modernization may be the Dutch Antilles, and Peter Wild material. The user should be aware of found in the disparity in federal predicted that routes in these coun- this caveat, especially when using funding for waterborne passenger data from the CD-ROM in a critical Continued on Next Page

IHS Autumn 2001 Page 3 17th FF Conference process is more rigorous and thorough Environmental Considerations (Continued From Previous Page) than most algorithmic studies. The optimization of the vessel design Incat’s Robert Clifford posed the tries would continue to lead growth for minimum acquisition and mainte- question ‘Could fast ferries become in the Caribbean. nance cost produced conclusions that an endangered species at the hands of a catamaran hull form would produce the environmentalists?. Rather than the least operating cost and that a sur- disputing the claims of the environ- Hull Monitoring face effect ship hull form only be- mentalists, he delivered a strong mes- sage about what must be done to Hull monitoring systems for large comes financially competitive when make vessels more environmentally fast ferries were discussed by speeds over 50 knots are required. friendly, addressing each major area Etienne Thiberge of Bureau Veritas, of concern (noise, wash, smoke, fu- who pointed out that the current reli- MHl Hydrofoil Catamaran els, etc.) and describing what has ance on sea state and wave height for been accomplished, what remains to when a vessel should slow down, Operational experience of a fully sub- be done, and some possible means of change course, or not sail seems arbi- merged hydrofoil catamaran, achieving this. trary and vague when technology can Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 33m enable an operator to make these de- Rainbow, was detailed by Shingen cisions according to a specific hull Takeda. and actual conditions.

Based on trials and developments by BV in the past six years, a system has been developed that employs accel- eration monitors, hull characteristics of individual vessels and other ap- propriate information, to give mas- ters a clear signal, much as any other Rainbow 1 and Rainbow 2 in Formation alarm on his panel, when a change needs to be made. He described the correction of vibra- Wake Wash tion problems on the vessel, how they Hull Selection were tested on Rainbow 2 and then Wake wash continues to take center stage among environmental papers. A paper on the development of per- retrofitted on Rainbow. (See IHS Lieutenant Alan Blume of the US formance and cost based design dis- Summer 2001 NL; p. 5 for details) Coast Guard is a member of the In- crimination for fast ferry hull form ternational Navigation Association selection was presented at the confer- RCS Effectiveness (PIANC) working group that is de- ence by Sathish Balasubramanian of veloping guidelines for managing Band Lavis. Steven Goss of Maritime Dynamics, wake wash from high speed ferries Inc. reported on the latest develop- After describing the basic process of and he delivered a report on develop- ments in ride control system effec- design synthesis modelling and the ments to date. tiveness and recent developments by historic development of this process, MDI to enable high-speed craft to op- he showed how the use of a whole erate in heavy sea conditions. He also It was encouraging to learn that the ship synthesis model, utilizing phys- explained the relative advantages and working group recognizes the impos- ics based algorithms rather than em- disadvantages of trim tabs and inter- sibility of establishing a universal pirical data, could be used to ceptors. ‘one size fits all’ wake-wash standard investigate the viability of a pro- because of the multitude of variables posed vehicle ferry service along the east coast of the United States. The Continued on Next Page

Page 4 IHS Autumn 2001 17th FF Conference sponse areas of various marine mam- miles, testing resistance in order to (Continued From Previous Page ) mals, and the influence of wave maximise the efficiency of the vessel, action, was based on observations and also seakeeping and handling in a amongst vessels, waterways, and made in the English Channel from variety of sea states, including ex- shorelines. Condor Ferries 86m wavepiercing treme cases in excess of 3 metre wave catamarans. heights (15m wave height at full ship Rather, the guidelines will contain in- scale). formative sections on the physical as- It was reassuring to learn that the pects of wake and the impact of wake dominant strong underwater acoustic “The 10m model was integral to eval- wash. They will also include guide- signature of these fast ferries (~500 uating the full spectrum of opera- line sections for vessel operators, and hrz) falls within the relatively insensi- tional characteristics of this triple hull port authorities. tive part of the hearing range of the form and to thoroughly test for any bottlenose dolphin. unforeseen handling characteristics. The latter will be particularly inter- Test results were beyond expecta- esting, as they will provide both risk NORTH WEST BAY SHIPS LAUNCHES tions, resulting in sufficient confi- based and standard based wake wash 55M TRIMARAN dence for NWBS to proceed with a management guidelines. While they major capital investment program” will not be binding, guidelines from (From Fast Ferry International, May organizations such as PIANC do have 2001) Hull a way of acquiring the authority of regulations. n late March, more than four years Describing the structure of 55m tri- Iafter embarking on a research and maran Triumphant, North West Bay Also on the subject of wake wash, development programme, North Ships reveals, “The aluminium hull David Fissel of ASL Environmental West Bay Ships (NWBS) launched and superstructure contain some in- Sciences in Victoria, British Colum- the first vessel built at its yard in novative construction techniques. bia, outlined the use of an upward Margate, southern Tasmania. Pre-welded large panel extruded sec- looking in the measurement of tions were utilised to reduce wash from BC Ferries PacifiCat cata- NWBS decided on a trimaran to man-hours and allow construction of marans. achieve “the speed and efficiency of curved geometric shapes that were a slender hull form combined with previously only economically attain- He described its use in both shallow the stability that only breadth pro- able using composites. and deep water measurements in vides”. Describing the background to Howe Sound, where the ASL sonar the project the company says, “Prior “The superstructure is resiliently was left on the bottom for several to making the commitment to pro- mounted, which relieves the super- weeks while information was gath- ceed with construction of a full-scale structure of any global loadings, al- ered. vessel, an intensive research and de- lowing more weight efficient velopment programme included scantlings and resulting in lower Marine Mammals 1/35th scale tank testing at the Aus- cabin noise and vibration.” tralian Maritime College, and resis- Andy Williams, a marine biologist A Maritime Dynamics ride control with the Biscay Dolphin Research tance and sea keeping trials of a 10 metre self-propelled model. system comprising foils forward in program, surprised many at the con- the tunnels and a single aft trim tab, ference who expected an indictment “To provide accurate comparative on the centre hull, is fitted. The com- against the fast ferry industry on be- analysis of the 1/5th scale results pany explains, “The lifting surfaces half of whales. However, he spoke with the 1/35th tank tests and numer- consist of hydraulically actuated foils mostly about cooperation between ical computations; open water 1/5th fitted above the keel between the ferry operators and marine biologists. scale towed resistance tests were per- main hull and each side hull. Much of his work in such areas as formed by the Australian Maritime equating the noise signature of high College. To date, the 1/5th scale model has logged over 1,500 nautical speed vessels to the frequency re- Continued on Next Page

IHS Autumn 2001 Page 5 North West Bay Two Naiad 300mm diameter 12HT the operator busy but also demon- (Continued From Previous Page ) 305 bow thrusters are also installed, strates that the craft’s operation in although NWBS reports that excel- flight can be manually controlled. lent low speed manoeuvrability when Island Flyer is presently having its using just the water jets “was one of water jets and Flight Control Sys- the pleasant surprises of early trials”. tem fine tuned. ”

MONOMARAN

(From Fast Ferry International, June 2001) echMan and Island Engineering Treport that they are currently conducting final fine tuning in There is a foil in each tunnel sup- the United States of a manned ported by vertical and diagonal model of a foil assisted trimaran. struts The 13.7m test craft, Island Flyer, is View of MonoMaran Showing Foils a quarter scale version of TechMan TechMan is in the process of patent- “The foils provide lift, giving the MonoMaran MM56CX, a vessel ing the technology used in the boat performance benefits and pro- designed to carry 450 passengers MonoMaran concept in 29 coun- viding a ride control capability with- and 68 cars at speeds of up to 50 tries. The Norwegian company says out the associated quantum increase knots. that the manned model will be in smooth water drag experienced Testing is taking place just outside available ‘for a limited period from with existing systems.” The side Lexington Park, Maryland. Re- June 11 “for representatives from hulls, the bottom of which have porting on the results, TechMan yards and operators who would like seven steps along almost their entire says, “On the first trials, the model to take a demonstration trip. length, are barely in the water when was run at a full scale speed of 44 the trimaran is operating at normal knots, without taking out all the in- service speed. stalled propulsion power due to un- Main Engines dersized water jet impellers. Triumphant is powered by three “As expected, it demonstrated ex- MTU 16V 4000 M70 diesels, rated at ceptionally low wake/wash charac- 2,320 kW at 2,000 rpm, positioned in teristics. In rough sea conditions, a longitudinal formation. in the cen- with waves corresponding to full tre hull. These drive two Kamewa 63 scale wave heights of approxi- MonoMaran in Flight SII steering waterjets and a single 63 mately 4 metres, the craft exhibited BlI booster waterjet via Reintjes VLJ exceptional sea keeping qualities EDITOR’S NOTE: I had the oppor- 930HR/HL gearboxes and Geislin- with extremely low and soft mo- tunity to visit Island Engineering ger carbon fibre shafts. tions. several months ago to discuss some of the matters described above. I “To date, the craft’s Flight Control also had a chance to ride the craft, System has been operated under The gearboxes provide horizontal but unfortunately in very calm wa- partial manual control, with pitch offsets from the wing engines and a ter. Island Engineering provided me and roll stabilization active but au- vertical offset from the aft centreline with several pictures of the craft be- tomatic height and attitude control, engine. Low NOx exhaust systems fore and after it was launched that I and coordinated/automatic steering were supplied by Mecmar from Nor- have included above. way. control, not yet in place. This keeps

Page 6 IHS Autumn 2001 ANALYSIS EVALUATES RIDE QUALITY need for ride control to reduce accel- level, the frequency of the accelera- COST BENEFITS erations, roll angle, and waterjet inlet tion, and the duration of exposure to broaching. the acceleration. Motion sickness is (From Speed at Sea, April 2001) the primary acceleration -induced Fast passenger ferries are different problem on fast ferries. he primary purpose of a from conventional, slow speed fer- Tride.control system (RCS) is to ries. Due to their higher operating The accelerations of the vessel must improve passenger comfort and speeds, fast ferries subject passengers be determined to estimate the motion safety by reducing the roll and pitch to higher angular excursions (roll and sickness incidence (MSI) percentage. angles and the vertical and lateral ac- pitch angles) and accelerations (roll, This requires knowledge of the hull celerations produced by a vessel as it pitch, and heave). High angles of form, mass properties of the vessel, travels through a seaway. A second- pitch and roll can make passenger arrangement of the passenger space, ary purpose of an RCS is to improve movement through a vessel difficult wave statistics in the area of opera- fuel efficiency by maintaining an op- and unsafe, particularly for young tion, and length of route. Estimates, timum trim angle on the vessel. Each children and elderly passengers. based on experience with similar ves- of these benefits has associated costs: These issues are starting to be ad- sels, can be used if not all parameters acquisition, operating and mainte- dressed by the regulatory bodies. are known. Tank tests or computer nance. simulations can be used to determine It is intuitive that if excursion angles the accelerations. There are a minimum set of factors are high, passengers will be less in- that should be included in a cost bene- clined to leave their seats to use food Computer simulations are a very fit analysis for the incorporation of service facilities or browse in shops. cost-effective method of obtaining ride control systems on fast passen- Revenue from these ancillary ser- acceleration data provided that they ger ferries. The factors have been col- vices will drop. In addition, it is be- are proven. For example, MDI’s sim- lected by Maritime Dynamics Inc lieved that the psychological effects ulation programs have been in con- (MDI) over the past 15 years and of high roll excursion angles contrib- tinuous development for over 25 have been obtained during the course ute to motion sickness. Ride control years and are very well correlated of system design development dis- systems can reduce the excursion an- with model test data and full-scale tri- cussions with fast ferry operators gles by as much as 70 to 80 per cent. als data. throughout the world. Intangibles, such as improved safety for small children and elderly passen- Simulation programs provide data for Preparation of a cost benefit analysis the calculation of MSI percentages requires a co-operative effort be- gers, should also be considered in a cost benefit analysis. and excursion angles (roll and pitch) tween the ride control system sup- for the bare hull and for the hull with plier, the vessel designer, and the The effect of accelerations on hu- ride control. Significant reductions in operator’s technical, operations, and mans is well understood and has been the excursion angles and MSI can be finance departments. incorporated into international stan- obtained with ride control. In one Compared with the history of seago- dard ISO 2631. Accelerations pro- case, the incorporation of an MDI ing vessels, experience with fast ferry duce motion sickness and fatigue- ride control system reduced the MSI operation is relatively limited. It was decreased proficiency. The number from a staggering 60 per cent to less incorrectly believed that increases in of people who are susceptible to these than 10 per cent. problems is a function of acceleration vessel size and improvements in hull Continued on Next Page form design would reduce motions to an acceptable level in all sea condi- Disclaimer Interested in hydrofoil history, tions. Unfortunately, this misconcep- pioneers, photographs? Visit the tion remains rooted in the industry. IHS chooses articles and history and photo gallery pages Studies performed to support the de- photos for potential interest to IHS members, but does not endorse of the IHS website. sign of a 40-knot 40,000 dwt high products or necessarily agree with http://www.foils.org performance vessel indicated a clear the authors’ opinions or claims.

IHS Autumn 2001 Page 7 Ride Quality MDI autopilot will employ the aft contract with the Port and we’re (Continued From Previous Page ) fins to steer the vessel. hopeful to have ferry operations un- derway by early next year.” It is a popular misconception that From an operations perspective, in- The SCX vision is to bring ferries to there is always a speed penalty associ- corporation of a ride control system eventually provide 15 minute head- ated with ride control systems. This is allows the vessel to maintain sched- ways from Oceanside to San Diego not the case: ride control systems can ule in higher sea states, and reduces and hourly trips connecting San slightly increase vessel speed in a sea- weather related service cancellations. Diego and Oceanside to West Los way by holding the vessel at optimum Usually, vessel operators reduce Angeles and LAX through a terminal running trim. Integration of ride con- speed in higher sea states to limit ves- at Marina del Rey. trol effectors (trim tabs/interceptors, sel motion and maintain a company roll fins, and T-foils) will improve mandated passenger comfort/safety SCX Team members include several propulsion system fuel efficiency be- level. Ride control systems allow op- local firms such as, Hornblower Ma- cause excursion angles, particularly in eration at higher speed for the same rine Express, Cloud 9 Shuttle, Com- pitch, are reduced and allow the vessel comfort/safety level. munity Capital Consultants, BRG to maintain closerto-optimum running Consultants, Access San Diego, and trim. Recently introduced retractable CWA, Inc., as well as Bellingham [Editor’s Note: Readers who have ride control effectors will reduce re- Marine, Catalina Express and further interest in this subject are ad- sistance in calm water conditions. Rainmaker Marketing. vised to seek out the entire article in the April 2001 issue of Speed at Sea.] Partnering with the San Diego Unified Port District and the City of HIGH SPEED FERRY DEMO Oceanside, for the demonstration, SCX plans to run one round trip each weekday for a year, during peak com- (From SCX, Inc; Provided by Stan muter hours, to help take traffic off Siegel, IHS Member) the freeway and offer a stress free al- August 21, 2000 Press Release ternative to North County freeway commuters. If the demonstration an Diego’s Port Commission to- shows commuter interest, SCX in- Sday selected SCX, Inc., as the tends to expand this operation to pro- successful bidder for the San vide more frequent service. Diego -Oceanside High Speed, Low-Emission Ferry Demonstra- SCX’s demonstration boat will ac- tion. commodate 149 passengers. The trip will take about 1 hour. Connecting Vessel designers can provide fuel con- The State of California is funding the shuttle services will be provided by sumption estimates for non-optimum ferry demonstration program for San Cloud 9. trim conditions. These estimates can Diego as part of Governor Davis’ be factored into the cost benefit analy- Congestion Relief Program. Stan Siegel believes that, “…within 5 sis. When incorporated with an auto- years, high-speed ferries can be car- pilot option, the ride control system The Port’s decision marks a win for rying 800 passengers per hour during can improve coursekeeping perfor- MARI-FLITE Ferries, of San Diego peak commuter hours, which is mance with lower rudder or waterjet — parent of SCX —, which first pro- equivalent to an additional lane on steering bucket excursion angles. posed the idea to former San Diego I-5, at a tiny fraction of the cost.” Caltrans District Director, Gary This also improves propulsion system Gallegos, in November 1999. SCX efficiency. For example, rather than President Stan Siegel says that “This For more information, photos or executing small angle course changes milestone will allow us to negotiate a video clips, please contact: Lou with the watejet steering buckets, the Adamo at 858-204-3798

Page 8 IHS Autumn 2001 HYDROCOPTER now I’m ready to go again, this time with a more efficient design & less power. And that’s what I am work- By Martin Grimm (IHS Member) ing on now. n response to a recent IHS inquiry Iabout an underwater autogyro, I HYDROFOILS IN HAWAII? was reminded of a concept called “Hydrocopter”. It was developed by By Ralph Patterson (IHS Member) a Boeing engineer, since retired, named Francis Reynolds, and de- Unfortunately I have never had the eferring to an article on page 12 scribed in US Boat and Ship Mod- opportunity to explore this concept Rof the Summer IHS NewsLet- eler, Fall 1991, Volume 4, Number further myself and regrettably I failed ter, I saw that the Star-Bulletin 16. to maintain contact with Francis had picked up this story, too. This is Reynolds since our initial correspon- the fourth or fifth proposed “revival” Rather than being based on autogyro dence in the early 90’s. of the SeaFlite service since the de- principles, the “Hydrocopter” model mise of the three-Jetfoil service be- consisted of four powered rotor like SABREFOIL tween the Islands. The news disks mounted on inclined vertical reporters seem to have memory shafts. Each shaft was connected to a By Ray Vellinga (IHS Member) lapses on these previously unsuc- centrally mounted internal combus- cessful ventures. Kubota, however, tion (chain saw) motor via drive belts bout 1970 I designed and built a has been around a long time, and and pulleys. The model floated on a Ahydrofoil called “Sabrefoil”. should know what’s up. catamaran hull structure while not The boat had a 40 HP Chrysler underway. engine with a long shaft. The picture I have always thought that Hawaii is here shows me at the helm, and my fa- an absolutely ideal location for the The model could in principle have ther-in-law is hanging on. It rocketed high-performance hydrofoils repre- hovered above the water on its rotors, me at about 30 - 35 MPH down the sented by the Jetfoils, but there are but the concept was not intended sim- Fox River in Illinois. MANY obstacles to the proposed re- ply for slow speed operation. I think vival. the idea had a lot of potential and it is a pity nothing further has apparently One of the most important is the become of it. availability of operationally sound US-built Jetfoils, to meet the re- quirements of the Jones Act. An- other big hurdle will be operations in the Whale Sanctuary, at least at cer- tain times of the year. Beyond that, the stop at Kaunakakai is problemat- ical from a traffic viewpoint, and the weather there will be tricky some- Of course I crashed, went through the times. Maalea is a bit better, but still windshield, broke my nose, almost a ways from Lahina and Kihei. drowned and came down with pneu- Since I had come up with a similar monia a few weeks later. I probably concept to the “Hydrocopter” in the shouldn’t have gone that fast, tested My feeling is that we should report late 80’s, I corresponded with Francis in November, and used that much the activity, enroll the company in Reynolds after the magazine article power on a small boat IHS if possible, support any valid ef- was published and he provided me forts, and keep a healthy skepticism with additional details of his work. The experience suppressed my com- in what we put in the Newsletter. pulsion to fly for a scant 30 years and

IHS Autumn 2001 Page 9 SAILOR’S PAGE

THE WINDRIDER RAVE - PART I and his firm, HydroSail Inc. The de- been completed and these boats were sign brief was to develop a fast boat used for ‘shake-down’ trials to refine but not one so temperamental that it the design for production. takes a team of engineers to assemble By Martin Grimm (IHS Member) it or a test pilot to sail it. It was re- The display of the third prototype Rave at the 1998 Miami International lthough hydrofoils sailboats quired to be capable of coping with Sailboat Show attracted several or- have been around for many typical sailing conditions. The de- A ders and also interest from potential years, until recently they have signers knew that additional speed distributors. tended to remain the domain of ex- could be achieved though the use of perimenters and hobbyists. As such, hydrofoils such that the hull largely Wilderness Systems (WindRider) al- they have generally been one off de- remained clear of the water. The re- ready had the manufacturing exper- signs or modifications of existing sult is the WindRider Rave, an inno- tise to produce the boats eco- sailboats. Consequently, the wider vative hydrofoil-assisted trimaran nomically so the first production boat sailing community has perhaps con- design that is relatively simple in ar- was completed in North Carolina in sidered sailing hydrofoils as quirky rangement, is easy to rig, and remains mid 1998 complete with modifica- test craft. affordable. tions identified from the prototype trials. Production of the craft is con- The WindRider Rave can fairly claim The Rave foil system was designed tinuing and further refinements are to be the first true practical by Dr Sam Bradfield, the founder of being made on the newer boats. mass-produced sailing hydrofoil. HydroSail Inc, and his associates While the Rave is still a relatively re- Mike McGarry and Tom Haman. The Hull cent design, production having Styling and further design and pro- started in 1998, over the last few duction advice and coordination The hullform arrangement of the years it has rapidly become a popular were provided by WindRider’s R&D Rave follows the same concept as the recreational and sports sailing hydro- director, Rick Jones. 16’ WindRider trimaran that had ear- foil, particularly in Northern Amer- lier been designed by Jim Brown. The Dr Sam Bradfield is one of the pio- ica. Rave features one slender main hull neers in the field of foil supported sail and a pair of slender outriggers sup- This article draws on information craft. Since the 60’s, he has been de- ported by a single 15 foot wide cross about the Rave that is available via veloping speed sailing boats. This be- 2 beam. There is sufficient buoyancy in the Internet Rave Page gan with a craft named (nf) , these outriggers (or amas) to support (www.ravepage.com) thanks to Eric meaning ‘Neither Fish Nor Fowl’, a a crewman out at either ama without Arens, proprietor of WindRider of the hydrofoil sailboat 20 feet in length capsizing the boat. The amas are wa- Treasure Coast based in Florida with a beam of 14 feet and weight of terproof and equipped with two in- USA. 550 lbs. With 218 square feet of sail, spection hatches. The central hull is it averaged 23 knots over a 500 metre fitted with two moulded seats with The Development of the Rave course to set a Class B (235 sq. ft. padded adjustable backrests. maximum sail area) record in 1978. Traditionally, sailboats intended for Later, that was followed with another The three hulls are manufactured higher speeds have tended to adopt world record for (nf)2, this time in from robust yet relatively lightweight planing hullforms or catamaran con- Class C (300 sq. ft. maximum sail linear roto-moulded polyethylene. figurations. When, in the late 90’s, area) when the craft achieved 24.4 This is the first time polyethylene has Wilderness Systems (WindRider) de- knots. been applied to a performance sail- cided to create a new high perfor- boat and is intended to provide good mance sailboat, they engaged the By early 1998 the initial design work design expertise of Sam Bradfield and construction of prototypes had Continued on Next Page

Page 10 IHS Autumn 2001 THE WINDRIDER RAVE beam are intended to stand up to height, and heel and trim stability of (Continued From Previous Page) strong wind loads. the craft. The incidence angle of the flap on each foil is controlled by a durability and requires minimum up- The designers of the Rave have cho- surface sensing ‘wand’ which is me- keep. sen to avoid the use of carbon fibre to chanically linked to the flap. As reduce the cost of construction and of speed increases and the foils start to The Rave is sturdily built so as to any repairs. A carbon spar and com- lift out of the water, the wand lowers avoid the need for running repairs. posite hulls could have reduced and reduces the flap incidence until The foil, rig, and sailing loads are car- weight and translated to a few extra the craft flies at its equilibrium atti- ried by an aluminium structure rather knots, but this would have lead to an tude. The addition of optional wand than the soft and flexible skins of the unacceptably high purchase price. de-couplers and Doran up-hauls al- hulls. The cockpit is stiffened by a lows for manual flap control by the 6061 T6 aluminium space frame, and The Foils pilot. the same hard coat anodised material When foilborne, the Rave is sup- was chosen for the robust central ported by three fully submerged ex- In a stiff breeze, the windward side of crossbeam. The fittings and cross- truded aluminium hydrofoils. These the hull (or weather ama) is lifted up- wards. This causes the control wand to automatically lower, which in turn generates a down force on the wind- ward foil, helping to generate a heel righting moment. This contributes significantly to a vessel’s ability to carry a relatively large sail area for its size.

It is possible to sail the Rave with the foils either fully retracted, at “half latch” or fully lowered. Sailing with the foils half way down is ideal for lighter winds that would be insuffi- cient to sustain foilborne operation. This position maintains sufficient lat- eral strut area for upwind sailing yet reduces the hullborne draft to less than 2 feet. The foils can be extended all the way down by pulling a latch line and a bungee cord (to induce neg- ative lift) for each foil. On the earlier foils are all of a similar inverted T ge- built Raves, retracting the foils meant Abbreviated Specs: ometry. One foil is mounted aft of the walking out onto the beam and lifting Length of Main Hull: 16’ transom and the strut of this foil also them. Newer or modified Raves in- Beam: 15’ serves as the rudder. The other two corporate an Up-Haul System for the Draft (HB) With Foils Up: 1’ foils are located below each ama. The foils controlled from the cockpit. By Draft (HB) Foils Fully Extended: 4’ foil struts serve to provide lateral re- unlatching the foils briefly they will Mast Height: 23’ sistance in a similar manner to a con- “fly” themselves up to the intermedi- Load Capacity: 400 lb ventional keel or centreboard. The ate position. If the latch line is held Total Sail Area: 195.2 sq. ft. forward foils are fitted with small ele- vators or flaps to maintain the flying Continued on Next Page

IHS Autumn 2001 Page 11 RAVE to create a machine out of ... in of this is that the teams don’t know (Continued From Page 11) only ten hours! Then the machines what they are building until the day of are raced or put to a test in some way. the competition. So they try to come for longer, they can retract all the way up with something that will be a cul- up. The way the program works is that mination of both their skills and ideas. they start off with ten teams. These The Sails teams consist of three people, who This particular show, featuring hy- The standard of the Rave is a saw the show, and applied together to drofoils, is the Series Final so the relatively conventional fractional be on it. They come from a variety of teams competing will have worked rig, with a rotating stayed foil backgrounds but one thing they all hard, and come through a few rounds, shaped anodised aluminium mast , a have in common is that they can all to get here. They will win the boomless but fully-battened weld, are good with engines and “Scrapheap Trophy” and the glory of of reinforced transparent Mylar and a work with machines (i.e. They can be being the winning team of the compe- self-tacking Mylar blade jib both sup- anything from farmers, firemen and tition. plied by sail maker Neil Pryde. An car mechanics to Antarctic Re- optional asymmetrical spinnaker searchers, RAF engineers and sol- [Editor’s Note: The filming that was known as a “screacher” with diers etc. done in August was for the roller-furling and bowsprit is avail- They enter this “knock-out competi- “Scrapheap Challenge” and will be able to provide additional power in tion” with the knowledge that they shown in Great Britain after the first light winds. will be building machines out of junk of the year. Claus Plaas (IHS Mem- [Editor’s Note: Part II of this article but without the knowledge of know- ber) was one of the team experts. We will be published in the IHS Winter ing exactly what those machines congratulate him for participating. 2001-2002 issue] might be. Whichever teams wins An American version of “Junkyard their challenge, goes through to the Wars” featuring hydrofoils is being JUNKYARD WARS next round. filmed as we write this article.]

he IHS has been contacted for They find the experts who will be put Tassistance in a rather interesting with the teams who take part, de- project involving hydrofoils. pending on what challenge they are NEW BENEFIT doing. The teams need an expert be- A television production company cause although they have very good IHS provides a free link from has been hired by The Learning mechanical skills they may never the IHS website to members’ per- Channel (TLC) to put together a have built or worked on a hydrofoil sonal and/or corporate site. To re- quest your link, contact Barney C. video on the subject of “Junkyard before. The expert is there to advise Black, IHS Home Page Editor at Wars” featuring hydrofoils. Jackie them on how to do this and also to [email protected]. Morris, in charge of production for a help them build it. The unusual part television series called “JUNK- YARD WARS” in the U.S, and “SCRAPHEAP CHALLENGE” in IHS BOARD OF DIRECTORS England. Basically, it’s a simple idea where engineers are challenged 1999-2002 2000-2003 2001-2004 IHS OFFICERS 2000 - 2001 Jerry Gore Mark R. Bebar Sumiyasu Arima John Meyer President Jim King William Hockberger Malin Dixon

Mark Bebar Vice President Ken Spaulding George Jenkins John R. Meyer George Jenkins Treasurer Mike Perschbacher Ralph Paterson, Jr. William White Ken Spaulding Secretary

Page 12 IHS Autumn 2001 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Volga Hydrofoils in Sweden... Response... weight distribution. So the intrinsic beauty [6 Sep 01] In the Stockholm area there are [5 Sep 01] In direct response to your quest for of the PLAINVIEW resulted from the neces- approximately12 Volgas,and 7 of them are in information on the USS PLAINVIEW, I can sity to correct original design flaws! I wrote operation. I am restoring one I bought in Es- provide the following information: Follow- a paper about twenty years ago addressing tonia last year, and the interest in Volgas is ing the decision to exit the hydofoil business, the integration of the hullborne and foilborne rising in Sweden. — Jan Wennerström Grumman (now Northrop Grumman) functions in a hydrofoil ship, entitled “Hy- ([email protected]) shipped all hydrofoil files for “safekeeping” drofoil Hullform Selection”. I think it is in- at the US Navy’s request to the Hydrofoil cluded in the new IHS CD-ROM, but I Propeller For Human Powered Hydrofoil Data Bank at David Taylor Ship R&D Cen- believe it is mistitled as “Hydrofoil Hullform [6 Sep 01] I’m interested in designing a prop ter. I personally supervised this transfer. Your Section”. If you haven’t already, I would for a recreational hydrofoil that would travel best bet probably would be locate the infor- highly recommend purchase of this CD, as it at speed of 9-10 mph. And I’d like to know if mation there. (Grumman never was reim- appears to contain a lot of potentially useful you can send me information about what bursed for the transfer effort.) If you are information in an easy to store form. It is a NACA profiles to use, how much “twist” it unable to locate the information you seek bargain at $5.00! I refer you to this paper to shoud have, etc. I have very little knowledge from official sources, I may have some or all better understand the integration of hullborne on propeller design, but from what I’ve seen of the information you seek in my personal and foilborne aspects of a hydrofoil. If you on the FLYING FISH it uses a prop that has files; but it would take some time and effort can’t get a copy, I may still have a copy in my the following characteristics: it’s 16" dia, the to locate. I know I do have a reduced size personal files. In your interest in hydrofoil chord is 30-40mm at the hub, and the tips end mylar (11" high) of the hull lines and offsets. luxury yachts, are you thinking of a ship the in a point so it looks like a half ellipse. It also If you go this route, I suggest you forward a size of the PLAINVIEW or a smaller scaled has thin section throughout the blade length. list of your requirements. As a professional version? A hydrofoil the size and speed of the I work as a CAD designer, and it would be Naval Architect, I would strongly advise PLAINVIEW will certainly to expensive to easy for me to make a 3D computer model of against configuring the PLAINVIEW as a design, build, and operate. If this is your ob- a prop if I had all the information/specifica- luxury hydrofoil yacht. I joined Grumman as jective, I would consider it to be an order of tions to design it. Then I could rapid- proto- a Naval Architect in 1963. The PLAINVIEW magnitude beyond “luxury”. — Charles G. type a SLS (stereolythography) model of the was originally designed at Grumman about Pieroth ([email protected]) prop in nylon, that would be used to two years prior, and the integration and bal- Raketa Hydrofoil Ferry For Sale... sand-mold a magnesium prop that would be ance of foilborne and hullborne functions in a sanded and polished to an acceptable surface ship design was not fully understood at the [3 Sep 01] For Sale: Raketa Hydrofoil, finish. Or I may make the prop out of carbon time. The design was almost totally biased to Ex-Rhein Jet. The Hydrofoil lays in the fiber. The key thing is the prop will be exactly foilborne performance, particularly longitu- Netherlands near by Rotterdam. Currently the same as the computer model, thus reduc- dinal weight distribution. In addition the hull this Raketa hydrofoil is NOT in service. ing the chance of by-eye error. I don’t have density was low (i.e. the enclosed volume Price idea is $32,500-USD — Mark van the skills to carve a prop by hand anyway. was too large.) As a result, the aft compart- Rijzen ([email protected]) Voilà! that’s the story, hope to hear from you ments of the PLAINVIEW could not carry Mijsstraat 9; 2461 AK TER AAR; The Neth- soon. — Felix Audet any major weight without upsetting longitu- erlands; Telephone: +31(0)172-607284; dinal distribution. These compartments were ([email protected]) website: http://www.dutchhydrofoils.com. largely empty; their primary function was to PLAINVIEW as Yacht Platform? connect the tail strut and foil to the rest of the ship. Part of the beauty of the PLAINVIEW [5 Sep 01] I would like to find out all the in- is the long slender aft main deck, cutdown Likes Foils Since Greece... formation on the PLAINVIEW regarding from the forward portions of the ship. What plans, blueprints, photos, “action shots”, etc. [3 Sep 01] Just thought I’d say what a great is not well known, is that the aft portions of This information will be important in evalu- Website this is and I can safely say it’s pro- the hull design were cut down to the final ating the market for a luxury hydrofoil. — configuration during design development as Continued on Next Page Vladimir M. Algin a weight saving measure and to improve the ([email protected])

IHS Autumn 2001 Page 13 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR PHM Sighting in South Carolina... the foils. Please feel free to drop me a email to (Continued From Previous Page ) tell me more about your project. Based on the [3 Sep 01] At approximately 7:15 p.m. on information, I’ll see if I can assist you. — Tuesday, July 24th, 2001 a commercial tug viding me with many hours of pleasure when Tom Schneider, InterMar Group (northbound on the Intracoastal Waterway) I should be working! I’ve always fancied ([email protected]), website: passed the Belle Isle Yacht Club building a hydrofoil as a university project. I www.intermar-group.com (Georgetown, SC), pushing two Navy hydro- thought my idea for a wave-slicing hydrofoil foils, stern first. Do you know which hydro- [5 Sep 01] A good discussion of the Jones Act was original, so I was amazed to read all foils they were and what their destination (Federal Statute 46 USC section 316) and the about the PHMs and Jetfoils that already uti- was? I have about 30 seconds of amateurish other cabotage statutes can be found at lise a fully-submerged foil system, but it has- video of the event. — Bob Miller www.shipinformationcenter.com/p207.htm. n’t put me off and we’ll just have to see if I ([email protected]) A spirited, partisan defense of the Jones Act can do better! I suppose I’ve always been an can be found at www.mctf.com/jonesact.htm engineer, one of those people who has to Response... . There was a movement to revise the Jones know how everything works. I’ve always Act back in the 1998 time frame and a Jones loved hydrofoils after many holidays in [3 Sep 01] Presumably two of the PHM Act Reform Coalition was formed. I believe Greece where many of the V-foiled Russian Class, that are up for scrapping. — Barney C. that it was unsuccessful, however, and it may hydrofoils now reside. I’m hoping that my Black ([email protected]) have since disbanded. — Barney C. Black degree studies in fields such as Control, Using Foreign-Built Ferries in the USA... ([email protected]) Electronics, Mechanics, Aerodynamics and Materials should actually provide me with a [6 Sep 01] The statement is made that one good basis for building a hydrofoil. I’m on a [3 Sep 01] I am considering whether to im- might be allowed to import a foreign craft in year out working for one of the world’s lead- port a hydrofoil ferry for use in the southern conjunction with a program to build in the ing Aerospace and Defence companies, but USA. Is the US market protected from im- USA. I heard of that happening in Florida a I’m already starting to consider my project. I ported ferries? — Matt Kirk, Florida couple of years ago (but I haven’t heard any may send you any conceptual designs I create ([email protected]) more about it since). The idea was that the op- to see if I can get any advice. — Mark erator would buy two foreign-built craft and Responses... Landers ([email protected]); quickly follow up by building another three BAE SYSTEMS Advanced Technology [5 Sep 01] 1. Foreign built hydrofoils cannot or more craft in the U.S. There must have Centre; Great Baddow Chelmsford be used in the US under the Jones Act which been some rationale behind it that said it would be too costly or take too much time to Source of HPB Gearbox Advice... prohibits foreign built boats. However they can be used if the vessel “goes foreign” i.e. build all of the craft in the U.S. And as Tom [3 Sep 01] I have just finished building a from Florida to the Bahamas, Maine to Can- Schneider says, that takes some strong sup- prop-driven sail board that has entered a race ada, NY to Canada, etc. There is a possibility port from a congressman. A second possibil- and finished in first place. The pedal power that a boat can be imported under a waiver ity is represented by the approach Island was provided by my daughter. We plan to en- from the Jones act with a contract to build in Engineering (Bill McFann) has taken with a ter other Human Powered Boat (HPB) races the US. To do this, it would take excellent re- Norwegian SES. They apparently have ap- in the future, since she running at 6 mph for a lations with a congressman to get the waiver. proval to use that craft as a ferry in the USA, 100 meter distance. This is a displacement 2. The InterMar Group represents Ukrainian but I think it’s premised on the need to do a craft, but I hope to convert it to hydrofoils (ex Russian) shipyards who build hydrofoils, lot of work on the craft to refurbish it and within the next few weeks. If you need any for example Morye Shipyard in Feodosia, make it fully acceptable for U.S. operation. information on gearboxes, just ask. I have Ukraine and Volga Shipyard in Nitzy That probably means they’ll spend more on it been designing all types of machinery on Novograd, russian. We also broker used in a U.S. yard to fix it up than they’ve spent to Auto-CAD for more years than I can count. boats, for example two Olympia’s, and four acquire it in its present condition. — William — George Ventz vessels in Toronto. 3. We continue to work Hockberger ([email protected]) [email protected] on getting a shipyard in the US to build Hy- drofoils. We are currently working on putt- ing together a project in New England that would build the boats and we would import Continued on Next Page

Page 14 IHS Autumn 2001 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR craft : the evolution of design and tactics by drofoil craft in 1927. This article gives de- (Continued From Previous Page ) Keiren Phelan; Fast Fighting Boats, tails on German hydrofoil development 1870-1945: Their Design, Construction, and during World War II. In 1939, the military World War II German Fast Attack Hy- Use by Harald. Fock; Die Flottille: first became interested in a 2.8 ton hydrofoil drofoil Craft... aussergewoehnlicher Seekrieg deutscher demonstration boat. Various hydrofoils fol- Mittelmeer-Torpedoboote by Wirich von lowed that craft, including the VS 6, VS 8, [3 Sep 01] I am a 16-year-old undergraduate Gartzen; E-boats and coastal craft: a selec- VS 10, TS-1 Coastal Surveillance Hydrofoil, student in Parma - Italy who is performing as- tion of German wartime photographs from Single-Seat 3-ton torpedo boat, and the 4-ton signed research on German fast-attack boats the Bundesarchiv, Koblenz by Paul Beaver; Pioneer Corps workboat. Hopefully some of (in particular hydrofoils) of War World II. Al- Z-vork: internationale Entwicklung und this will be of assistance to you. Unfortu- though the historical part of your WebSite is a Kriegseinsèatze von Zerstèorern und nately IHS is not a source of the documents very comprehensive one, I was unable to find Torpedobooten, 1914 bis 1939 by Harald cited above! — Barney C. Black there some detailed technical information I Fock; Fast Fighting Boats, 1870-1945: Their ([email protected]) need for my writing. Would you be so kind to Design, Construction, and Use by Harald. address me to other more detailed WebSites Fock; Flottenchronik - Die an den beiden [9 Sep 01] You might add another book to the dealing with the topic or key person (like the Weltkriegen beteiligten aktiven reference list: Marine-Kleinkampfmittel by late Captain Johnston) who could help me Kriegsschiffe und ihr Verbleib, by Harald Harald Fock, Nikol BVertragsvertretungen further? Also, are there relevant books on the Fock, erschienen 1995 im Koehler 1996, ISBN 3-930656-34-5. This is the book subject? Flavio Scarpignato ([email protected]) Verlag."Mit diesem Buch wird erstmals der where I found the German hydrofoil projects or ([email protected]) e-fax: Versuch unternommen, das Schicksal der an described. - Michael Emmerich +1-603-843-5621; website: den beiden Weltkriegen beteiligten aktiven ([email protected]) http://www.unipr.it Kriegsschiffe aller Nationen darzustellen. Paravane Questions... Das Werk umfaßt die Kriegs-und Response... Nachkriegsschicksale für den Zeitraum 1914 [3 Sep 01] I read Phil Morris’ comments [3 Sep 01] Following are some quick ideas: bis 1980 in chronologischer Reihenfolge". about a paravane. I have had the same idea There is a 1982 book: Strike Craft by Antony There are three hydrofoil attack craft on Mi- myself, as mentioned at Jon Howe’s forum at Preston; Bison Books Ltd (17 Isherwood chael Emmerich’s Kriegsmarine site at: the speedsailing pages. It appears his foil is a Place; Greenwich CT 06830 USA) ISBN www.german-navy.de/tb5.htm, www.ger- supercavitating one. Also an interesting (and 0-86124-068-5. This book contains many man-navy.de/tb5c.htm, and http://www.ger- pretty) approach is the “jellyfish foiler”, al- photos and much history of German E-Boats man-navy.de/tb5b.htm There was a though what will happen when the luff-ward and S- Boats... no specific WWII hydrofoil magazine article: von Schertel, Baron foil slips? I suspect the pivot point will now history however. There are several used cop- Hanns, “Hitler’s Hydrofoils,” The Best of be the lee-ward foil, and the whole craft may ies of this book available at http://www.ama- Sea Classics, Summer 1975 and Sea Classics bury or make a judo. zon.com. There is a photo of this book on the Jan 74, Challenger Publications, Inc. Canoga IHS website at Park CA, USA, pp 4-9, reprinted from Avia- I would like to know from Phil Morris if he http://www.foils.org/popbook.htm. tion & Marine Magazine, France. Baron von has had any progress in his research on mak- A search for fast attack boats and torpedo Schertel first began experimenting with hy- ing a “water-hook”. Also I have read some- boats on amazon.com yielded several inter- where that it has been tried (as I understood esting titles, but I do not have a copy of or Letters To the Editor allows it) in combination with a wakeboard and a know the specific contents of any of these: hydrofoilers to ask for or provide infor- kitesurfing kite (by whom, I dont know, I German Coastal Forces of World War Two by mation, to exchange ideas, and to inform the readership of interesting develop- think it was one of the foil-chair or -ski man- M.J. Whitley; Coastal Forces (Brassey’s Sea ments. More correspondence is pub- ufacturers), but they couldn’t control it in Power : Naval Vessels, Weapons Systems lished in the Posted Messages and high speeds. No details on the setup were and Technology, Vol 10) by Barry Clarke, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) given. — Sigurd Grung Jurgen Fielitz, Malcolm Touchin, Geoffrey section of the IHS internet web site at ([email protected]) Till (Editor); From monitor to missile boat : http://www.foils.org. All are invited to coast defence ships and coastal defence since participate. Opinions expressed are 1860 by George Paloczi-Horvath; Fast At- those of the authors, not of IHS. Continued on Next Page tack Craft by Anthony J. Watts; Fast attack

IHS Autumn 2001 Page 15 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR ways welcome. — Ken Upton bers web sites? — Joddy Chapman, South (Continued From Previous Page ) ([email protected]) Brent, Devon, UK (ejc.chap- [email protected]) Need PHM Status Today... Model VS-8 Schnellboote Wanted... Response... [2 Sep 01] Thanks to everybody [2 Sep 01] I took note of the pic in your photo [2 Sep 01] I’m finally at a point in my life involved for getting this interesting and en- gallery of the three ‘foils as they appear to- where I can get back to enjoying modeling lightening article published here! My two day. My question to you is whether you have and model boating. Specifically, I need some person “bicycle”arrangement monohull any information regarding their location ei- info on 32nd Parallel’s Schnellboote model. I foiler is almost complete, and I was particu- ther in that pic or at present, as well as scrap- just finished reading the thread you have larly interested in the comments in the article ping progress. I’ve spoken to fellow Naval posted on the VS-8 Hydrofoil. What a great on ventilation of the vertical foil Reservists like myself who would like to see job that was, and the fun the owner is having (daggerboard), since my main foil is one saved from the heap. Any information with it now! Sadly, as you pointed out in the mounted there also. — Doug Lord you could supply would be of great help to thread, it appears 32nd Parallel Corp. is in ([email protected]) get some kind of ball rolling if possible. hiding. So if anyone out there has this boote Thank you for your time and for actually hav- (boat) in kit form or already built and wants Planing Sailboard... ing a current pic. — IT3 Brian S. Bell USNR to sell it, please drop me a line, so we can [10 Aug 01] I am from the University of Na- ([email protected]) commence to dicker the price. — O.E. “Spot- tal and need assistance on the theory of plan- ter” Dillon, Woodbridge, VA, USA ing. I am doing a dissertation on the PLAINVIEW Print Wanted... ([email protected]). hydrodynamics of planing sailboards. If you [2 Sep 01] I was one of the first members of Response... have any information on this it would be the crew of the PLAINVIEW. During the greatly appreciated. Would a copy of the time that I spent on the Plainview the crew [2 Sep 01] It looks like Antoine Lenourmand, 1994 Shanghai Conference proceedings be members were given a print made from a pic- the author of the thread you mention, has just of any use? — Gordon Cook ture of the PLAINVIEW while it was sold his model on eBay at www.ebay.de, ([email protected]) foilborne. Seattle was in the background and item #1614864145. — Barney C. Black even Mt. Rainier could be seen in the back- ([email protected]) Responses... ground as well. If anyone knows where I MONITOR Photos... [10 Aug 01] Try the following two websites: could get a copy of that print or a similar print http://naca.larc.nasa.gov/reports/1958/naca- please let me know. The picture I have in [5 Aug 01, updated 1 Sep 01] For those inter- report-1355/ http://personal.inet.fi/pri- mind would have been made in 1969, 1970 ested in Gordon Baker’s historic sailing hy- vate/muu/plancat.htm Tom Speer or 1971. Your help would be appreciated. — drofoil MONITOR, some new photos have ([email protected]) website: Terry Haynes ([email protected]) been posted on the website. — Barney C. http://www.tspeer.com Black ([email protected]) Foil-Based Power Generation From [13 Aug 01] Planing theory has been covered Tides and River Currents... Calliope – Design and Development of a in depth by many papers authored by Dan 4.9m Hydrofoil Catamaran Savitsky at Stevens Institute. “High Speed [2 Sep 01] I think this will interest your mem- [13 Aug 01] A couple of years ago my father Small Craft” by Peter Du Cane (Temple bers. I will join IHS soon. I am in AYRS and and I wrote an article about one of our sailing Press, London - 1964) is a good reference. am just getting into hydrofoils. With refer- hydrofoil boats for a conference in Hobart. The Heller-Jasper paper on this subject is a ence to the attached draft design, I would like The conference organisers never published classic (SNAME, late 50s I believe). Joe just to ask one question: What foil would give it, but it appeared in AYRS Catalyst Vol1 No Koelbel has also published some good basic me the maximum combination of lift and 2 July 2000 and is now available via my web small planing craft design guidance - in pa- drag factors working together... I think a fat page at: pers and magazine articles. —Ken Spaulding camber foil. It will be only moving at 1-2 mts http://homepages.rya-online.net/ejcchapma ([email protected]) /second as the load factor will control the n/ Sam Bradfield suggested it be made avail- ******* speed. This is opposite to all the uses of foils, able to as wide an audience as possible, so so far as I know. Any help??? Ideas, etc. al- perhaps it could be added to the list of mem-

Page 16 IHS Autumn 2001 EXTRA FOR THE ELECTRONIC EDITION

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR (Continued From Previous Page ) NACA Reports of Interest to Update on PHM Ex-ARIES Hydrofoil Designers [31 Jul 01] We have been spending as much time as possible working on the The U.S. National Advisory Com- (DL) that serves the NACA collection PHM. We are having some difficulty fig- mittee for Aeronautics (NACA) was can be accessed over the internet at uring out the wire numbering. Thanks to chartered in 1915 and operational from http://naca.larc.nasa.gov/. NACATRS of- a note book from John Monk, we were 1917-1958. The National Aeronautics fers browsing and keyword searching of able to learn how all the equipment and and Space Act of 1958 created the U.S. its holdings. The NACA publications are compartments are numbered. We are National Aeronautics and Space Admin- scanned, but... “Optical Character Rec- having less luck with the wiring. I am go- istration (NASA) from NACA.Accord- ognition (OCR) is not being applied for ing to be in Key West next week, I would ing to the 1999 NASA Technical Manual the NACATRS, primarily because the like to talk to someone there that may NASA/TM-1999-209127 A Digital Li- format of the NACA publications are of- have had experience with the PHM fleet brary for the National Advisory Commit- ten pages of equations, tables, charts and operations, maybe even see what may tee for Aeronautics by Michael L. Nelson figures, none of which are well suited for still be around, like the hauling carts or of Langley Research Center, Hampton, OCR. Instead, the report is converted other support equipment. If anyone could Virginia, “The main product of NACA’s into a combination of GIF and PDF files guide me in the right direction I would be research was its multi-tiered report se- for easier WWW dissemination... very appreciative. The red tape involved ries. Although the exact number of with forming our non-profit organization NACA reports published is unknown, The first NACA Reports were is- is taking far longer than hoped but once most estimates place this number be- sued in 1917, but TNs and TMs did not established, we will be able to offer tax tween 20,000 and 30,000. This collection appear until 1920. The early publications deductions for donations toward the res- of work remains in high demand even to- were often either translations from Euro- toration and preservation (technically day, especially in the areas of general pean aeronautics works or authored by “rehabilitation”) aviation and the basic fundamentals of universities or other federal or military Elliot S. James flight. research laboratories. This is because [email protected] NACA was initially truly a committee of “Unfortunately, although signifi- aeronautically interested organizations cant collections of NACA documents ex- rather than a federal agency in present ist at a handful of NASA centers, context. As NACA acquired its own staff Sportfoil Plans Wanted universities and other government and and developed its own research facilities, [18 Jun 01] I am particularly inter- industrial research laboratories, no sin- the number of publications authored by ested in building my own SportFoil, but gle library contains a complete collec- non-full-time NACA staff decreased. Michael Stevensen (Back Yard Yacht tion. Even what constitutes a complete NACA published in a variety of internal Club) is sold out with no intention to NACA corpus is subject to debate. Fur- report series. Currently [as of April reprint. Is it possible to advertise for a thermore, because of their age, high cir- 1999], the NACATRS holds the follow- used set of plans for SportFoil some- culation, and acid-based paper, many of ing NACA publications series: where at your web site? these reports are in poor condition and Dag Jahnsen will cease being serviceable in the near • Reports - NACA reports were consid- [email protected] future. Conversion to digital format and ered to be the final and complete docu- Nesalleen 15, 3124 dissemination over the World Wide Web mentation on a subject or project and Tønsberg - Norway — begun in 1995 and ongoing — is nec- they often superceded one or more Phone +47 3301 5005 essary for preservation as well as for other NACA publication types. Mobile +47 920 20 912 wider dissemination.” NACA Reports are sometimes (erro-

The NACA Technical Report Continued on Next PageServer (NACATRS), the digital library Continued on Next Page

IHS Autumn 2001 Page 17 NACA and preparation than other report se- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR (Continued From Previous Page ) ries. (Continued From Previous Page )

neously) referred to as ‘NACA Tech- “NACATRScurrently does not in- Russian Hydrofoil Documents nical Reports.’ clude: in English Translation • Technical Notes (TNs) - Technical • Annual Reports - Annual Reports [26 Jun 01] How does one get hold Notes were the basic unit of the re- were simply the concatenation of a of NAVSEA (Naval Sea Systems Com- search report series. Some early TNs single year’s NACA Reports (i.e., ex- mand) translations of Russian papers on were translations of foreign works. cluding TNs, TMs, etc.). Inclusion of hydrofoils etc. I have a number of refer- the NACA Reports in NACATRS im- ences. I noticed in some IHS newsletters • Technical Memorandums (TMs) - plicitly includes the Annual Reports. that Bill Buckley refers to the Naval Sur- TMs are translations of foreign works. face Warfare Center- Caderock Division The TM series probably replaced • Aircraft Circulars - Reports published Technical information service for such translations in the TN series. in the 1920s-1930s that reviewed the papers. Is this the correct place and do design and performance of contempo- you have a contact address for them? • ‘Wartime Reports’ - Reports pro- rary aircraft (one AC per vehicle). Gunther Migeotte duced specifically for World War II [email protected] research, they were declassified after • Conference or Journal Preprints -We the conflict. Due to their urgent na- are unaware of how many items this Responses... ture, they frequently received little ed- would include. However, their con- iting when written, and no editing was tent would likely be covered in a Re- [4 Jul 01]The NAVSEALibrary is done after they were declassified. The port or TN, so this exclusion is no more. Not sure where these transla- moniker ‘Wartime Reports’ was probably negligible. tions may have gone. The Pentagon li- added when they were declassified; brary is a possibility but I don’t know previously they were issued as Ad- • Books - No books by NACA authors what their policy is for access. vance Confidential Reports (ACRs), are included." Mark Bebar Advance Restricted Reports (ARRs), [email protected] Restricted Bulletins (RBs) and Confi- Now the question is: in all this dential Bulletins (CBs). mass of technical data, which reports are [4 Jul 01] In connection with the of interest to hydrofoil designers? Sub- Advanced Ship Data Bank at the David • Research Memorandums (RMs) - mit your suggestions to Barney C. Black Taylor Naval Research Center, to my RMs were initially restricted, and rep- at IHS (email: [email protected]) knowledge there were never any Russian resented initial or limited scope re- See sample suggestion below. report translations entered into it, and I sults, and thus received less editing am quite familiar with the Data Bank contents. Besides Report 1232 A theoretical and experimental investigation of the John Meyer lift and drag characteristics of hydrofoils at subcritical and supercritical speeds, [email protected] and Report 918 Theoretical Motions of Hydrofoil Systems, there’s TN 4168 A method for calculation of hydrodynamic lift for submerged and planing rectan- Whereabouts of DISCO gular lifting surfaces, which also deals with hydrofoils. Some of the reports VOLANTE Today... dealing with lift and drag of biplanes can be used, since the linear approxima- tion of the free surface effects gives the same solution for a hydrofoil as the lower wing of a biplane. There are also reports on planing surfaces, which can [26 Jun 01] I’ve always wanted to be useful for hydroskis and for predicting the drag of hulls at takeoff. See Re- know what became of the Thundeball port 1355 A theoretical and experimental study of planing surfaces including hydrofoil DISCO VOLANTE. I read that effects of cross section and plan form, and TN 4187 High-speed hydrodynamic a model of the boat was blown up high characteristics of a flat plate and 20 degrees dead-rise surface in unsymmetrical into the sky in the Bahamas. But who planing conditions. In general, the NACA reports are a useful source of infor- ended up purchasing the real hydrofoil, mation on a lot of topics. — Submitted by: Tom Speer ([email protected]) website: www.tspeer.com Continued on Next Page

Page 18 IHS Autumn 2001 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR PLAINVIEW’s End... IHS webpage dedicated to AGEH-1: (Continued From Previous Page ) www.foils.org/plainvw.htm. — Ed.] [4 Jul 01] I was stationed aboard Sumi Arima the USS PLAINVIEW for 2 years from and does it exist today perhaps on display ([email protected] 1971-1972. I saw a picture of her on the somewhere? ([email protected]) net, and it was a sad picture. I think about Piaggio P.7 Hydrofoil Seaplane her often. Do you know what her final DD-444 Website... days were like? I still have the picture of [6 Jul 01] This hydrofoil related website will likely be of interest: [28 Jun 01] Thank you for keeping her during her glory, prior to my coming http:// . the page on Mel Brown. As President of aboard. Thank you for any info you may aeroweb.lucia.it/en/history/pegna2.htm the USS INGRAHAM Association ev- be able to supply. Here is the background to my lo- ery week I receive some inquiry from John Bass cating this site: I took trip North where I some family member of the DD-444. The [email protected] called in on the Fighter World aircraft questions range from “How did they die ” Response... museum alongside the RAAF William- to “who were the survivors and what do town air force base in New South Wales, they say about about the accident.” Sadly [4 Jul 01] PLAINVIEW was fully Australia. On display at the museum the families were not told about the acci- operational and conducted some tests for were numerous entirely hand made scale dent and what is known and what was the HYPAM (Hydrofoil pressure acous- models at approximately 1:72 scale or not. Mel kept touch with several of the tic magnetic) trials up to the day that she smaller by Norm Forrester. These in- families and we include the relatives of was “decommissioned” and towed over cluded a series of Schneider Trophy sea- DD-444 members at our reunion. Please to Inactive Ships. We had all the struts re- plane models. One such model which direct family inquiries to our web site and moved, the forward ones because of the particularly caught my eye was the let everyone know that they are welcome gearboxes and the aft one because of the Piaggio P.7 of 1929. It was a sleek mono- to attend our reunions. They are part of HY-130 steel construction. The aft strut plane with a hydrofoil undercarriage the USS INGRAHAM family and our was to be tested in the structures lab at rather than the usual bulky pair of floats. experience tells us that such reunion at- DTNSRDC, and the gearboxes were Here is the blurb by Norm Forrester tendance will help them finally deal with saved for possible use in another project. placed alongside his model: “Piaggio P.7 their loss in a caring manner. Every re- Other than the diesels, I don’t know what (1929) — An ingenious (but unsuccess- union includes a memorial service that other equipment were stripped before ful) Italian design for a Schneider Trophy honors those lost in this ship and those putting the ship on the auction block. My racer, it was proposed to use hydrofoils from the later DD -694 Our we site can be understanding was the ship was bought instead of floats. The driveshaft of the found at http://geocities.com/Penta- to convert her to a fish cannery tender. gon/Quarters/4877/ We turned over all the drawings to a na- Continued on Next Page Jerry King, President val architect firm in Portland. [See the USS INGRAHAM Association [email protected]

PHM-2 USS HERCULES Plankowner... [1 Jul 01] I was the gunner’s mate on the commissioning crew, but was discharged in 1983 shortly after go- ing to Key West. Would appreciate any info on the ship’s status, or on fellow plank owners. GMG2 John Drozdowski [email protected] [Above] Jan Wennerström’s restored Volga hydrofoil in the Stockholm Sweden area. See his letter on page 13

IHS Autumn 2001 Page 19 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR (Continued From Previous Page ) Chinese Military Hydrofoil Info Needed For Model... 970 HP engine first drove a water propel- ler until the P.7 rose on to the hydrofoils, [31 Jul 01] As a hobby I make the drive then being transferred to the 1/700 plastic models of warships from airscrew. Alas, it didn’t work!” Although various countries, and I am interested in I have read about various other similar at- hydrofoils of the modern Chinese Navy. tempts to use hydrofoils on seaplanes, I Does anyone know of a book or website have never come across the Piaggio P.7 that has pictures of these warships? I before. I was keen to find out more about have researched various internet search the P.7 and its history which I have found engines to no avail. Chris King on the cited webpage. Unfortunately my Sketch of Piaggio P.7 camera was not working so I couldn’t [email protected] take a photo of Norm’s model, however I Responses... Response... made a sketch from my video footage of [30 Jul 01] I rest mine on the foils. [31 Jul 01] You can get some in- it. The website also has three views and Another person I know built a trailer that formation from an old copy of Janes Sur- profile views of the P.7 on the link but rested the boat on the foils. I figure that face Skimmers, say between 1979 and they are not too crisp and much of the de- the foils carry the weight of the boat and 1984, but not enough to make a model tail in those scans has been lost. cargo at 28 knots, so it should not be a from. There were over a hundred hydro- Martin Grimm problem at rest on the hard ground. foil torpedo boats of the Hu Chwan (White Swan) class active in that era, all [email protected] Rick Jackson [email protected] built in Hutans Shipyard. Also, some Volga 70 - Haul Out For Hull were sold to Albania, Pakistan, Tanzania, Preservation... [1 Aug 01] You may set the craft and Romania. According to Janes, about on foils but it is necessary to lay props 20 hulls of this design slightly modified [30 Jul 01] I have a Volga 70 here under the foils near foil legs. The Russian were built in Romania. There was also a in Australia. The craft was imported in text is translated as follows: Hema class military hydrofoil about 1985 and was built in the Keppel ship- which I have no details. It may be worth yards in Singapore. The craft has been in • Building number of the craft is 38 the effort to inquire of the Naval Attache storage since arriving new in 1985, and at the embassies of the various countries we launched her this week for the first • The craft was built in 1973 involved to see if they would provide any time. We have named her ‘Beluga’ (Rus- info... it’s a small chance, but you have • ‘CAENAHOB’ is not understood, but sian and rare). nothing to lose but the cost of the stamps. it may be ‘CUDOIMPORT’ which Barney C. Black translates as SHIP-IMPORT The craft performs extremely well [email protected] and is raising a few eyebrows when she is • ‘CCCP’ is USSR (Union of Soviet out on the Derwent River, which Hobart Socialist Republics). Wants Copy of Keiper’s is built around. I would like to know if the Hydrofoil Voyager... craft can be rested on the foils without • I do not know ‘the Keppel shipyards in any other support ... this would make it Singapore’ easy when slipping to antifoul. On the [3 Sep 01] I am interested in ob- dashboard there is a plaque which reads The Volga hydrofoils were being taining an electronic copy of Dave as follows: 3ABONCKONNo.38;ro built at two shipyards in the former Keiper’s book “Hydrofoil Voyager” nnoctponkn;1973; USSR. More details are on my web site. about his ocean-going hydrofoil yacht CAENAHOBCCCP.Could you translate Yury Garanov WILLIWAW. P.O. Box 434 Jan Mantkowski this for me as the 1973 has me confused. Nizhny Novgorod Any information on Keppel shipyards 603003, Russia [email protected] would be appreciated. http://webcenter.ru/~garanov David Powell [email protected] Continued on Next Page

Page 20 IHS Autumn 2001 WANTED TO SELL OR BUY

A Hydrofoil for 10-15 Persons

[9 Sep 01] I’m glad to inform you about the Russian DOLPHIN High-Speed Sea-Going Hydrofoil Boat. The DOLPHIN can be delivered as crew, pilot and passenger boat. Navigation area - coastal areas at a distance of up to 3 miles from shore and up to 20 miles from shelter bases in day time. The boat’s hull is welded. Hull material is corrosion-re- sistant aluminium-magnesium alloy. The foil system consists of two carrying foils The DOLPHIN can be delivered as crew, pilot, or passenger boat (bow foil and stern foil) and a stabilizer installed behind the bow foil. The foil Hydrofoil For Sale, Currently in LETTERS TO THE EDITOR system is made of stainless steel. The (Continued From Previous Page ) main engine is Volvo Penta AD41/DP Holland... sterndrive diesel engine. [14 Jun 01] For sale: This Response... Leonid Pomeranets Voskhod-2 was built in 1978 (building Marketing Manager number 320) in Morya Ukraine, and op- [3 Sep 01] IHS is willing to make JSC High-Speed Ships erated on the river Dneper in Kiev an electronic copy of this book available [email protected] Ukraine. This ship arrived in Holland on CD-ROM at cost, however it has not just recently and is in Russian condition. been possible to get agreement among DOLPHIN Specifications: Due to changed plans in our company we the heirs to “give the copies away” be- have no use for this hydrofoil and so is of- cause of hope that there may be someone Length overall, m 10,0 fered for sale. Specs are: Length 27,60 interested in the future to reprint the book Beam overall, m 2,5 mtr.; Breadth 6,40 mtr.; Draft hull borne and generate a profit. That remains to be Midships depth, m 1,1 2,0 mtr.; Engine Zvesda M401 A; Pas- seen. Freeboard at full displacement, m 0,75 sengers: 66; Ship lays in Holland Height o/a with foils & mast, m 2,9 IJmuiden. Price idea, about USD In the meantime, IHS will save Overall hullborne draught, m 1,1 100.000 For info, contact: Foilborne draught, m 0,5 emails from people interested in acquir- Erik de Wit Light displacement, t 2,2 ing a copy of this book. If a new edition Full displacement, t 3,1 [email protected] becomes available, whether hard copy or Max power, engine, kW (hp) 147 (200) Or electronic, IHS will post a notice in the Speed, knots 35 Mark van Rijzen website announcements and will try to Seaworthiness, sea state 3 [email protected] notify by email those who expressed in- Passenger capacity, persons 8 terest in the past. Crew, persons 1 Range, miles 200 IHS neither sells nor recom- As for obtaining a used copy, we mends products and services, normally recommend that people search but as a service to the hydrofoil weekly for used books on www.eBay.com community, IHS does accept and on www.amazon.com Z-Shops until factual announcements of hy- they find a copy. However, in several drofoils wanted to sell or to buy. years of following these sites, I have A recent sampling is reprinted never seen a copy of this book available. here, but the website is the most Barney C. Black current source: www.foils.org [email protected]

IHS Autumn 2001 Page 21 sideration would be given for the vessels to be sold for MTU 331 engine spares. Specifications and more photos (Adobe Acrobat file, 510K) are on the internet at http://www.foils.org/sw-sale.pdf. Steve Gillett [email protected] phone: Mobile 0044 7971 648832 Direct Line 0044 238072 4535 New Russian Meteor [14 Jun 01] Zelenodolsk shipyard is producing a new version of Meteor, called Meteor-2000.

Specs are the following: Length overall 34.6 m; Beam overall 9.5 m; Draught: -hullborne 2.35 m, -foilborne Voshkod-2 for sale in the Netherlands. See notice on previous page. 1.20 m; Displacement: -light 43.82 t, -fully-loaded 57.24 t; Main engines: WANTED TO BUY OR SELL... USSR 71 PAX, 35 knots. Preferable DEUTZ AG (Germany) - 2 ´ TBD616V16. Each engine with the (Continued From Previous Page ) trade areas: Danube river, Egypt . Owners are ready to provide full techni- cal and crew management. For Sale, Egida Agency Vyacheslav Fyodorov [22 Sep 01] For Sale 1 hydrofoil [email protected] “Meteor” type built 1988 USSR. For Egida Agency, Odessa, Ukraine photo and complete details, see: Tel: +380 482 21 00 95 www.egida.com/meteor/. Fax: +380 482 370372

Also: Looking for partners/opera- RHS 70 Hydrofoils For Sale power of continuous rating in tropical tors/travel agencies to establish joint conditions about 936 kW (1272 h.p.) at venture to operate 2 our hydrofoils Red Funnel SHEARWATER5&6 2165 r.p.m.; Diesel-generator -1´44 ‘Meteor’ type built 1986 / 1989 and 1 hy- [26 Jun 01] The very successful kW; Passenger capacity 104-116 prs.; drofoil ‘Voskhod-2’ type, built 1989 SHEARWATER5&6hydrofoil passen- Crew 3 person.; DAIKIN Marine Type ger vessels were with- package air conditioners (warm/cool): 3; drawn from service Cruising speed, calm water, at fully 1999 to be replaced by loaded displacement, not less, 75 km/h; the three larger Red Jet Range without refueling 600 km. high speed crafts. The Konstantin Matveev vessels are laid up in [email protected] Cowes, Isle of Wight. Assortments of MTU engine spares are avail- able along with new spare propellers and tail shafts. All certifications presently expired, but full records and service history available. Con-

Page 22 IHS Autumn 2001 PT-50 Model Report By Mark van Rijzen [email protected]

[14 Jun 01] Just want to let you know from the Netherlands that the Ra- dio-Controlled PT-50 kit is real fast. Faster than my I think cause my engine stopped working (after 12!years ), it was still the original Mabuchi RS-540SD black motor. Condor Ferries indeed ran five PT-50a ,but none of them as Condor 5 because that was a RHS-160 delivered in 1976. You can see it on the web: http:// www2.glauco.it/rodriquez/crafts/crafts.html.

IHS Autumn 2001 Page 23 The NEWSLETTER International Hydrofoil Society P. O. Box 51, Cabin John MD 20818 USA

Editor: John R. Meyer Winter 2001-2002 Sailing Editor: Martin Grimm

WHERE ARE YOU IN RECENT APPLICATION OF HYDROFOIL CYBERSPACE?! SUPPORTED CATAMARANS IHS relies on electronic communi- (From Fast Ferry International, September 2001) cation with the membership to improve timeliness and reduce mailing costs. If you are a member with email, let us his is an excerpt from an article written by Dr.-Ing K.G.W. know your email address! Thank you. THoppe, Pr.-Ing, SAIMENA, Division of Marine Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa & Managing Director, Foil-Assisted Ship Technologies cc. 2002 DUES ARE DUE

Hydrofoil assistance on a catamaran model was tried 20 years ago IHS Membership is still only and an unexpected resistance improvement initiated the creation of a US$20 per calendar year (US$2.50 for research project to investigate the effect. Today the research project is students). Your renewal or new member- still active in spite of designs and model tests resulting in the con- ship is critical. Please remit 2002 dues as struction of over 200 HYSUCATs. soon as possible. We regret that high bank fees make it impractical for IHS to accept Theoretical efforts to determine the hydrodynamics of the payment by credit card or a check drawn HYSUCAT principle resulted in a numerical model for design analy- on a non-US bank, or by other than US funds. Overseas members with no easy way to send US funds, are advised to send money order to IHS or US Dollars cash.

INSIDE THIS ISSUE - President’s Column...... p.2 - In Memoriam...... p.2 - Twisted Rudder ...... p.6 - Waterjet Developments.... p.7 - PHM Update ...... p.9 Bell-Halter Catamaran, E-CAT, Retrofitted with Foils in 1999 - Sailor’s Page ...... p.10 - Welcome New Members...p.12 See Hydrofoil Supported Catamarans, Page 3

IHS Winter 2001 - 2002 Page 1 IN MEMORIAM PRESIDENT’S COLUMN John Martyn Lewis Reeves am very pleased to report that two ing ending to the blood-sweat-tears Iof the Society’s members volun- of the two teams. ohn Martyn Lewis Reeves, 60, of teered to participate in the produc- JCalvert County, Maryland, died tion of two hydrofoil related TV October 30, 2001 at the Patuxent programs. There was an article in the The IHS is very fortunate to have sev- River Naval Air Station. He was Autumn 2001 NL (page 12) describ- eral members who, from time to time, born August 31, 1941, in Doncaster, ing the project. lend their expertise to “those in England to the late John Sydney need.” I particularly want to mention, Reeves and Constance May Lewis IHS Member Claus Plaass was one of among others, Sumi Arima, Martin Reeves. He lived in Calvert County two team leaders in the filming of Grimm, Mark Bebar, Charlie Pieroth six years, working as an aeronauti- “Scrapheap Challenge”. He reported and Tom Speer. Of course our cal engineer at Patuxent Naval Air that as a participant in this “breathtak- webmaster, Barney Black, continu- Station. His hobbies included ra- ing, already-a-cult series”, he out- ally (almost on a daily basis) offers dio-controlled model airplanes and lined, developed and performed all help to requests for information – sailing. the calculations for a weird hydrofoil some hydrofoil related; some not. “scrap-craft”. Claus consulted for the Survivors include his wife of 20 British team “Catalysts” consisting years, Rita Thompson Reeves; sons, of 3 Jaguar engineers (see: Hats off to Steven Chorney who has John Edward “Ted”, and John Rob- http://rotaryboy.screaming.net) in been “manufacturing” and mailing ert “Bob” Reeves; and one sister, their battle against time and the AMV CDs to a host of individuals Sylvena Farrant. and Universities that have requested mighty American team called “The Funeral services were held Novem- Mulewrights”. The program aired in them. The IHS offers a copy to Naval Architecture departments at univer- ber 6, 2001, at Rausch Funeral Europe on Sunday, Nov 18th, 1800 Home. Interment was at Southern British time. Channel 4 will air the sities worldwide. Ken Spaulding has taken the time and trouble to unearth Memorial Gardens. Contributions 2001 Finals of their TV-series may be made to Landmark Baptist “Scrapheap Challenge” in the UK, or addresses of over 52 such Univer- sities. They have received letters Temple, P.O. Box 513, Hunting- “Junkyard Wars” in the USA; see: town, MD 20639 http://www.channel4.com/scrapheap from me offering a free copy of the /scrapheap.html CD. To date, the IHS has provided a John was a Life Member of the IHS, total of about 65 CDs. Orders and re- having joined the Society in its early IHS member, Captain Peter quests still come in from time to time. years. After coming to the USA, he Squicciarini, participated as “Judge” joined the Marine Dept. of the in the filming of Junkyard Wars in Grumman Aerospace Corporation October of 2001 featuring hydrofoil 2001 was another good year for ac- quiring new IHS members. Board where he was actively involved in designs. He reported that as far as he their various hydrofoil projects. knows the US version of JunkYard Member, Sumi Arima, has agreed to be the Society’s Membership Chair- Later, at the Naval Air Development Wars episode of hydrofoils will air Center in Warminster, PA, he played during the new season sometime in man and has been busy following up with those who contact the IHS one a role in the Navy’s Wing-In- the Jan-Mar ‘02 time frame. It was a Ground Effect (WIG) program. “fun” four days doing the “build” and way or another. New Members for the show, but also hard work. Lots of the year total 19. Besides the USA, our He will be sorely missed by many usual, predictable “hydrofoil” design new members world-wide include: of his friends and associates in the and construction problems and chal- Italy, New Zealand, Netherlands, hydrofoil community who admired lenges were evident. However, it was Greece, Japan and Canada. his technical abilities and sense of an “interesting,” but not fully satisfy- John Meyer, President humor.

Page 2 IHS Winter 2001 Hydrofoil Supported Catamarans and built and proved the excellent Arneson surface drive systems with (Continued From Page 1 ) seakeeping and low propulsion Teignbridge surface propellers. The power needed for the craft. contract speed was 35 knots, the pro- sis of planing type HYSUCAT totype reached 42 knots fully laden in s More than 40 vessels were sold as ski which allows further design optimi- sea trials off Cape Town. Three units boats and pleasure craft during the zation. were delivered in 1998 to a foreign next two years. Designs for 10m and navy. The Interceptor has an ‘Avion History 12m police patrol boats and 18m Hydrofoil’ system designed by the Navy patrol boats followed, some for author and contracted by Unistel The treacherous seas around South overseas customers. Africa have inspired many small craft Technologies, the University of designers to develop unconventional The early designs were optimized in Stellenbosch’s technology transfer craft. Several catamarans were de- model tests but strong efforts were company. signed and built in the last three de- made to develop the theory behind The next HYSUCAT application in cades as pleasure and game fishing the HYSUCAT principle, which re- 1998, which was completed with suc- craft, as well as navy and police patrol sulted in a numerical model later cessful trials in England, was the con- boats. based on the principle of the Savitsky version of a Panther 64 by Prout (IHS Member) formulations for Some police craft for border control Catamarans. The Panther 64 is a lux- planing craft and basic hydrofoil de- ury yacht of nearly 20m and 35 tonne were tested in 1978 and the perfor- sign. mance in rough water was found to be displacement. It has fully asymmetri- excellent but the propulsion power re- Making use of the so-called hydro- cal demi-hulls similar to deep vee quirements were extremely high foil free surface effect, the planing hulls for good rough water compared to deep vee monohulls. HYSUCAT has a built-in automatic performance. The straight tunnel be- trim stabilizing characteristic, which tween the hulls with nearly vertical The idea to use hydrofoil assistance allows for larger LCG shifts. The de- sidewalls offers very favourable flow for resistance reduction was tried on sign allows a stable craft with a fixed conditions for a hydrofoil system. one of the existing police boat test wing foil system in the full speed The overall beam is 6.7m with ‘a tun- models and showed a 40% resistance range. Propulsion power is down by nel width of 2.85m, allowing a main reduction instantly. This revolution- 35% to 40% compared with similar foil with reasonable aspect ratio to be izing result was first thought to be a deep vee monohulls. fitted. test error or correlation problem and larger models were used with more Most of the catamaran demi-hulls in The reader is referred to a previous carefully designed hydrofoils. The the HYSUCAT project are of the article by the author, published in prototype prediction again gave a fully asymmetrical type with a Fast Ferry International January/Feb- 40% lower resistance at top speed. straight walled tunnel which allows ruary 1991 and March 1991, in which The result was better than for a com- for reduced hull interference and a performance comparison method of parative monohull of similar size. which gives the ideal flow conditions ships was developed. for efficient hydrofoil operation. A hydrodynamic stabilizer system The hybrid consisting of a catamaran This type of demi-hull has been with fully asymmetrical demi-hulls was developed for a 21 m yacht, proven to give the most sea friendly Kingcat, built by Kingcat Shipyard in and a single hydrofoil spanning the high-speed behavior. tunnel between the two demi-hulls France on the basis of the HYSUCAT was named Hydrofoil Supported Cat- Recent HYSUCAT Applications principle. This has symmetrical plan- amaran or HYSUCAT in short. A re- ing demi-hulls of wave piercing type Stingray Mariney developed a 12m search project was started to with moderate deep vee and ex- fast Interceptor as a naval patrol boat. investigate and optimize the tremely fine bows for reduced pitch- The fully laden craft weighs 13.5 HYSUCAT principle (it is still run- ing in rough water. The hydrofoil tonnes and is propelled by twin Cat- ning after 20 years!). A sea-going system consists of a mainfoil slightly erpillar 320 kW diesel engines and 5.3m manned model was designed Continued on Next Page

IHS Winter 2001 Page 3 Hydrofoil Supported Catamarans The rear foil is fixed on two shaft reach the necessary high speeds for (Continued From Page 3) struts carried by the flange. The shaft Froude Numbers above 2.1 or 2.3. struts do not penetrate the hulls and It was necessary to develop a foil sys- forward of the LCG position and a full even in collision damage the water- tem which would be better at the beam stern foil with attack angle con- tight integrity of the ship is not af- lower speeds, and especially at the trol spanning the tunnel width near fected. hump resistance speed. A model of a the transom. With extensive mechani- Halter Marine E-CAT 72m car ferry was tested with eight sation and computer control of all es- different foil systems and an im- sential functions of the ship, it weighs Increasing requests for foil assistance provement over most of the speed about 72 tonnes and, therefore, has a for larger high speed ferries initiated range, including Froude Number of very low slenderness ratio. a research and development project 2.1, was only possible with a tandem about four years ago. Several semi - foil assist system consisting of a high displacement aspect ratio forward foil, positioned catamaran hulls relatively far forward of the LCG po- were developed sition, and a full tunnel width rear foil at the Mechani- connecting both demi-hulls near the cal Engineering transoms. Department of the University The foil system was arranged to mini- of Stellenbosch mize the foil interference between and tested in forward and rear foil and the interfer- model series ence between each foil and the with various demi-hulls. The hybrid with this foil Kingcat 21m catamaran during initial trial runs off the foil systems. system was named Hydrofoil As- French Atlantic coast sisted Water- craft (HYSUWAC)as it At first it looked is applicable in principle also to fast It was found in the Kingcat model as if these large catamarans could not monohulls and . The subse- tests at the University of Stellenbosch be improved with a standard hydro- quent model tests showed that resis- that the tandem foil system gives con- foil system, only at very high Froude tance improvements on semi- siderably improved resistance in the numbers were improvements re- displacement catamarans in the medium speed range, compared to the corded. The standard high speed higher speed range of over 40% are HYSUCAT foil system with two rear semi- displacement catamaran oper- possible without severe penalties in struts, especially if the rear foil attack ates most efficiently at a Froude the lower speed range. angle can be adjusted for optimised Number of resistance at the hump resistance 2.1-2.3 and speed. The helmsman has total con- below the trol over the trim angle at speed and correspond- can choose the best trim for top speed. ing speeds Four MAN D2842 880 kW diesel en- the foil sys- gines driving four Lips LJ 43DL tem gives no waterjets give Kingcat a top speed of improve- 46 knots and fully laden speed of 44 ment, and HYSUCAT (left) and HYSUWAC foil systems knots. sometimes even a resistance increase. For higher The seakeeping quality and rough It was a design condition that the front Froude Numbers, considerable im- water performance are also improved foil was not to be connected to the provements were possible, but the with a considerable damping effect at hulls below the waterline and the lift ships in operation usually did not speed. The model tests also indicated at speed was transmitted by two verti- have sufficient power reserves to cal struts fixed to the tunnel ceiling. Continued on Next Page

Page 4 IHS Winter 2001 Hydrofoil Supported Catamarans Sea trials were run in September - in their respective platform technolo- (Continued From Previous Page ) October 1999 and proved the pre- gies. The staff of Island Engineering, dicted enormous resistance reduction Inc., Piney Point, MD, built and oper- that the wake wash of these foil sup- with the E-CAT, at 175 tonne load ate the hydrofoil vessel and partici- ported models was observed to be displacement, reaching 42-44 knots pated in the design and construction of considerably lower than on the mod- top speed and 46 knots at a lighter the air cushion vessel. els without foils and on those models load. Propulsion is by twin Caterpil- which had a standard HYSUCAT foil lar 3516B 1,910 kW diesel engines system. and MJP/Bird-Johnson 650 water- jets. With the experience gained in the HYSUWAC development project, a foil system was developed for the NEW OWNER OF HIGH POINT Halter Marine E-CAT, a 45m high speed semi-displacement catamaran By Sumiyasu Arima, IHS Member developed for low wash operation. TechMan, a.s. MM56CX The E-CAT (see picture on page 1) egotiations have been com- Monomaran pleted between Janice Fraser, has very fine bows with a N The 14-meter Monomaran was built executor of the estate of CAPT. beam-draught ratio of nearly unity. as a 1/4-scale model of a 56-meter, Ronald Fraser, and Ron Ihle for the The wide tunnel between the 50-knot passenger/car ferry. The ves- change in ownership of the HIGH demi-hulls gives an ideal situation for sel, fabricated in aluminum with a POINT. Ron Ihle is establishing The a high aspect ratio foil system allow- composite superstructure, is propelled HIGH POINT Association as a ing a forward foil spanning nearly 11 by twin waterjets and supported by non-profit group to restore the HIGH metres. two hydrofoils mounted under the tri- POINT to fully operational condi- maran hull. The steering and foil con- tion. Application is also being sub- trol are managed by a digital, mitted to National Register of fly-by-wire stabilization system. Top Historical Ships. speed of the 6 metric-ton model is ap- Initially, some work will be done at proximately 30 knots (35 mph). Astoria, and eventually towed or pro- pelled to San Francisco Bay for the restoration work. Ron estimates the tow to SF Bay at $30K, and would rather put the money into making HIGH POINT operational hullborne Halter Marine E-CAT foil at a if at all possible. speed of 44 knots RENDEZVOUS ON THE POTOMAC After initial calculations, a design, in- RIVER - 2 NOVEMBER 2001 cluding a model test, was proposed. Royal Norwegian Navy Missile Boat, Halter Marine responded by saying By Bill McFann (IHS Member) KNM SKJOLD that they had already a model with a “45m overall length” - the E-CAT wo advanced marine vehicle KNM Skjold is the first in a series of demonstrator - in New Orleans, USA. Tconcepts - one lifted by hydro- stealthy, fast missile boats built by The challenge was taken up, a design foils and the other by pressurized Umoe Mandal in Norway for the Nor- without model tests was produced. air cushion - met on the lower Poto- wegian Navy. The 47-meter vessel, The foil system was built by Halter mac River on Friday, November 2. constructed entirely using fiberglass Marine. Both of Norwegian design, the two vessels represent the state-of-the-art Continued on Next Page

IHS Winter 2001 Page 5 Rendezvous on the Potomac River program. Five years in the making, (Continued From Previous Page ) the twisted rudder program is the re- sult of a joint effort by NAVSEA, reinforced foam sandwich, is pro- Ingalls Shipbuilding, and pelled by two 8000-hp gas turbines NSWCCD to solve the problem of turning large waterjets. Lift air pres- surface cavitation on the rudders of sure, captured between the two cata- the DDG 51 Arleigh Burke Class de- maran hulls and rubber bow and stern stroyers. skirts, is provided by large die- sel-driven centrifugal fans. Through the service life of the sive. The foils and propulsors all go Arleigh Burke Class, it has become away. In their place, there is a new apparent that rudder cavitation is a forward foil to lift the bow out of the serious problem. The flow follow- water, fitted with incidence control at ing the propeller has a high degree of vorticity, which leads to severe surface cavitation on the outboard side of the rudders. Unfortunately, this cavity begins to form at speeds as low as 23 knots, which means it is present at most normal vessel oper- Operating side by side in 2-3 foot ating conditions. seas off Ragged Point Light

The pressure of the air in the cushion the top of the strut. The stern will stay is dynamically stabilized by a com- close to the water (like was done with puter system that operates inlet and several Foilcat designs). The propul- vent air controls. The top speed of the sion will be with a pair of MJP650 260 metric-ton vessel is nearly 60 waterjets. An interceptor system will knots (70 mph). be installed on the stern to aid in ride control. Finally, a buoyant lifting SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FERRY body will be installed to partially raise the stern and to aid in damping motions. See the rendering of the he latest information about this boat (above) in its final configura- Tfast ferry initiative in Southern tion. California reported in the Au- tumn 2000 NL (page 8) is from Stan TWISTED RUDDER SIGNIFICANTLY Siegel (IHS Member). REDUCES CAVITATION

Stan reminds us that the Westfoil was By Kyle Krueger built circa 1987 and was outfitted (Excerpts from Wavelengths, Sep- To alleviate this phenomenon, Dr. with fore and aft fully submerged tember 2001, used by permission Young T. Shen (IHS Member) de- foils. Propulsion was with a pair of from Public Affairs, NSWCCD) veloped a rudder design that more ducted airplane propellers (see pic- closely matches the complex flow ture). Although it wasn’t a very suc- his June, the Combined Al- in the wake of the propeller. By cessful project, the boat flew for Tpha/Bravo (COAB) builder’s “twisting” the rudder section awhile. trial of USS Bulkeley (DDG 84) around the stock, he was able to de- successfully capped NSWCCD’s velop a rudder that would not The modifications to turn it into a fast twisted rudder test and development ferry for SCX, Inc. are pretty exten- Continued on Next Page

Page 6 IHS Winter 2001 TWISTED RUDDER substantially larger units, capable of of 3.25m - would absorb some 49MW (Continued From Previous Page ) absorbing up to 50MW at 200 rpm. (Anyone fascinated by analogies should be impressed by the cavitate under normal loading con- Rolls-Royce has therefore been fact that the combined water through- ditions. In addition, by developing a studying future market demands and put will almost equate to the average tip plate for the end of the rudder, he technical solutions for ultra large flow of water over the Niagara Falls.) was also able to greatly reduce the waterjets. Work tip cavitation from the Fleet design. has been further For his work, Shen was awarded focused by the de- U.S. patents on both the twisted rud- sign contract from der and tip plate innovations. FastShip Inc to develop waterjets STRONG DEVELOPMENT THRUST suitable for pro- ACROSS WATERJET SPECTRUM pelling the US- based company’s (From Speed at Sea June 2001) proposed high by Doug Woodyard speed transatlan- tic cargo carriers his year saw the supply of the (for which Tworld’s largest steerable Rolls-Royce waterjets for powering a 140m would also sup- [Editor’s Note: To gain some apprecition for the size of Corsaire 14000-class monohull fast ply Marine Trent this waterjet one can see a technician working on top of ferry due for handover shortly by 50 gas turbines as the unit!] Alstom Leroux Naval to NEL Lines prime movers). of Greece. The two Kamewa 200 SII Smaller units in the new program, units, with inlet diameters of 200cm, The stainless steel SII series units with inlet diameters from 2.2m but will be driven by GE Marine have proved efficient and reliable applying the same technology, will LM2500 gas turbines developing propulsors for fast ferries, but when satisfy lower power demands and ex- 25MW The pair will be partnered by the input power is doubled, and im- tend the existing SII range. two Kamewa 140 S11 units powered peller diameters may exceed 2m, a by diesel engines, the four jets to- different approach to waterjet con- Developing the new waterjets in- gether absorbing a total input of struction is dictated. A new volves a combination of studies, cal- 66.2MW. RollsRoyce waterjet family will ex- culations and simulations, model ploit a modular configuration rather testing and full-scale testing of criti- Insert: A steady rise in large waterjet than the existing plug-in assembly of cal components. Much of the work is ratings is being sustained to address components. underway at the Rolls-Royce Hydro- current and anticipated propulsion dynamic facility in Kristinehamn, demands, while continuing develop- Initially representing the largest unit Sweden. ment of small-to-medium size jets is in this family will be the 325 model, enhancing their performance, reli- five of which are specified to propel FastShip, with its dynamically sup- ability and durability each FastShip freight liner; the ported hullform, imposes severe de- waterjet shipset - with inlet diameters Continued on Next Page Rolls-Royce’s Kamewa FE A and SII series of waterjets currently meet the Disclaimer Interested in hydrofoil history, market’s full spectrum of require- IHS chooses articles and pioneers, photographs? Visit the ments, with power ratings ranging photos for potential interest to IHS history and photo gallery pages from 100kW to 24MW, but vessel members, but does not endorse of the IHS website. projects now on the drawing board or products or necessarily agree with http://www.foils.org seeking financial backing call for the authors’ opinions or claims.

IHS Winter 2001 Page 7 WATERJETS els; and operational and maintenance control system, thus reducing pitch, (Continued From Previous Page ) costs. heave and roll by over 75%. mands on the waterjets, Rolls-Royce The innovative open interior with explains. Maintaining nearly 40 knots [Editor’s Note: This very long and twelve extra spacious suites featur- across the Atlantic calls for the units comprehensive article continues with ing wide windows for breath-taking to operate at full power for around 90 elaboration on several waterjet de- ocean views will remain a secret to per cent of the voyage time. Under velopments at various power levels.] the owners and their lucky guests. certain sea conditions air will enter The yacht also incorporates a new ga- the wing waterjets, or the inlets may BUGATTI YACHTS SUBLIME rage concept, which can be directly be lifted right out of the water. The accessed from the aft lower salon. It units are therefore being designed to accommodates three large 40ft cus- accept a large number of input torque By John F. Rodrigues, IHS Member tom tenders, a submarine in addition cycles between zero and full load. to six cars distributed in two separate ew to the signed order book of garages – all conveniently deployed Short turnaround times in port dictate Nthe prestigious BUGATTI from either port or starboard sides. another focus by the project team - YACHTS is the sleek waterjet reliability and maintainabil- all-aluminum 300ft Sublime. Con- BUGATTI Marine’s electric equip- ity - and a key aim is to ensure that all struction of this wide body, 60ft ment, as well as it’s monitoring and the main components are easily acces- beam, engineering marvel is sched- alarm systems are approved by the sible. uled to start on early 2002 in an un- US Navy. When completed, the 300ft disclosed military European Sublime will be the largest and the Reflecting the modular construction, shipyard. Four custom BUGATTI fastest all-aluminum yacht ever built, the new waterjet comprises an inlet Marine turbines driving twin propri- truly inaugurating a new era in high duct, a pump unit, a shaft system and, etary high-efficiency ventilated wa- speed Superyacht cruising with total where relevant, a steering and revers- ter jets will catapult this giant to comfort in adverse sea conditions. ing bucket with actuators. (The speeds exceeding 40 knots in a blink Contact: Since BUGATTI Yachts bucket assembly is not required for of an eye with unmatched fuel effi- booster jets.) does not participate in Boat Shows, ciency and seakeeping. those interested should contact Yacht Exploiting experience from the latest SII waterlets, an impeller with seven skewed blades will be used. The im- peller chamber is an integral part of the inlet duct, the pump journal bear- ing will be of the water-lubricated type, and the Michell thrust bearings will be located inboard.

In designing and selecting a waterjet propulsion system for a given applica- tion, John Crane-Lips takes account Sublime’s super-light aluminum Boutique at (561) 330-0490 or, get a of the following key factors: overall magnesium alloy hull uses Air Cav- limited amount of invitations for propulsion efficiency; weight and di- ity technology for dynamic support, their upcoming “Rendez-Vous”.Web mensions; cavitation margins; any creating a thick cushion of air under- address: www.YachtBoutique.com special installation requirements of neath that reduces the wet area and the yard; adjustments to the required drag in 35%. Yet it increases riding ********** operational profile of the vessel; comfort which is enhanced by an safety, redundancy and comfort lev- aerospace derived T-Foil motion

Page 8 IHS Winter 2001 PROJECT PEGASUS UPDATE An advantage of VFDs is that the cur- conjunction with the Maritime Heri- rent to start each motor can be re- tage Association conference this year By Eliot James, IHS Member duced to no more than it’s full load and came away with a bit better idea amps instead of the usual 5 times that of what would be necessary to start a [This is a portion of the message re- much. We will be able to start any non profit organization that would ceived from Eliot James describing load with the exception of the 60-hp help with the restoration or rehabili- progress on restoring PHM-5.] hydraulic pump, with a 30kw genset. tation of our ship. We have a few I expect that we will be able to reduce e have been doing quite a bit of ideas that we would like some feed- fuel consumption when moored to work on the ship lately. The back on. W about 2.5 gal. per hour, underway, at following is both an update of 12 knots consumption will be It is our intention to form the PHM those efforts, as well as a request for approximately 52 gph. Memorial, a not for profit, 501c-3 tax input. exempt, organization. This is an or- We also mounted a hydraulic crane Most notable has been the replacing ganization dedicated to preserving where the starboard set of Harpoons of the two temporary deck mounted the history of the only military hydro- was mounted. We have used this diesel gen-sets, (one 60 cycle, one foil fleet. As well as the history, tech- crane to remove the old gensets, and 400 cycle) with a single 60 cycle, 150 nology, and related artifacts of install the new one. It will be very KW John Deere powered Kohler set hydrofoils, both military and civilian useful in off loading the launch. in the location once occupied by the that pushed forward the development of the technology that made these very fuel hungry turbine powered The is operational, as is the ships possible. generator in the aft most compart- head. We don’t have much fresh wa- ment of the platform deck, Aux. Ma- ter capacity, but will be adding some The focal point of the PHM Memo- chinery room No.3. Future plans are tanks until we put the desalinator rial will be the USS Aries, PHM-5. It to install a much smaller genset in back on line. We have bought a new is the intention of this organization to Aux. Machinery No.1 for low load computer and 4 screens, one a LCD restore and rehabilitate the PHM to a times. touchscreen for the pilot interface, a state that will allow her to cruise second LCD for the co-pilot spot as The 400-cycle power is being sup- hullborne, and eventually foilborne. well as two down in CIC for the navi- plied from 3 variable frequency This will allow the Memorial to gation station. This is basically our drives (VFD). One of which drives travel and display the history, tech- IBS (Integrated Bridge System). the panel powering all ventilation nology, and artifacts in locations that Now we have a lot of programming fans forward of the diesel/pump ma- would not normally be able to sup- to do. chinery room so that they can be port a permanent display. slowed down independent of the rest The original hydraulic system was Can anyone help and give reasons of the 400-cycle system. powered when foilborne by four why, the marine industry, naval his- pumps mounted on the foilborne We have mounted, and are in the pro- tory, the general public, or anyone gearbox, and hullborne by four cess of installing a 10hp 60cycle sea- else would benefit, from the forma- pumps mounted on the SSPUs. Mod- water pump. Originally, seawater tion of this organization? How might ifications we are making will com- which is restricted with orifices at such an organization be useful in the plete the hydraulic system to each piece of machinery to control education of our country’s youth or sufficient degree that we can raise flow, was left pumping overboard. “At Risk Youth”? and lower the foils as well as operate With the closed loop control main- all other systems hullborne as well as [Editor’s Note: All readers are in- taining the pressure, when we shut all systems when we are able to go vited to comment and and make sug- the overboarding valves at the en- foilborne. gestions to Eliot. Please contact him gines, or other coolers that are not be- directly at: ing used, the pump will run at a lower Diana and I went to Wilmington NC [email protected]] speed, reducing power requirements. to the Historic Naval Ship Associa- tion conference which was held in ********

IHS Winter 2001 Page 9 SAILOR’S PAGE

THE WINDRIDER RAVE, PART II) speed of around 10-11 knots the boat the windward float will tend to lift rises up for lift-off and accelerates out first. The main and jib are pro- By Martin Grimm , IHS Member quickly to reaches its maximum gressively sheeted in and tension is speed in the prevailing winds. With applied to the foil flap bungee trim Sailing the Rave main and jib sails only the Rave is lines as the boat again climb out of able to become foilborne in as little the water. he Rave can be rigged while on as 7-9 knots of true wind with one its trailer, the set-up time being In displacement mode, the Rave will T crewman or 10-12 knots of wind around 20 minutes and can be achieve best Velocity Made Good with two aboard. Sustained foilborne done single handed, though hoisting (VMG), the component of boat speed sailing is possible in a steady 12-14 the mast is probably the hardest part. to windward, at about 37 to 40 de- knot breeze. There is an optional “EZ Up” system grees from the true wind. When developed by Eric Arens that uses a When fully foilborne, all three hulls foilborne that increases to about 50 winch to greatly reduce the effort re- fly about 0.6 metres above the water to 55 degrees. Experience while rac- quired here. It can be launching ei- while the foils stay submerged about ing on a windward leg will reveal ther off the trailer or using a beach 0.45 metres. The surface sensors when it makes more sense to try to fly dolly. With the foils fully retracted, keep the craft flying at a steady alti- foilborne at higher speed versus stay- the draft is only one foot. tude on the foils. The pilot manages ing hullborne and pointing higher sail trim and may need to adjust ei- into the wind. If the objective is The forward-facing crew seating is ther of the outrigger foil flaps using purely to maximise boat speed it is located in the main hull. The passen- the elastic bungee trim lines when in best to sail on a beam reach (a course ger sits in the forward seat and does gusty conditions. Manual control of perpendicular to the true wind). not handle any of the controls, these the foil flaps is particularly useful in WindRider recommends that the all being run to the pilot in the aft moderate 9-14 knot winds but in Rave be sailed no faster than 30 knots cockpit. The rudder is operated via stronger winds automatic levelling though speeds as high as 37 knots foot pedals such that the pilot’s hand with the surface sensing wands have been achieved, even on the ear- are free to control the sheets and lines works best. Abeam the wind, a Rave lier prototypes. for the sails. The self-levelling foils will comfortably sail at around 20 do not require running adjustments Rave Racing: knots in true wind speeds of only though the pilot, if desired, can con- 11-12 knots, even in choppy seas. trol them. The mainsail sheet runs to With a significant number of produc- tion Rave boats now operating, it a jam cleat on the port-side of the When the boat encounters a wave, seemed inevitable that Rave sail- cockpit while the jib sheet runs to the the foils cut though it and the boat re- boats would compete in multi-class starboard side. A bungee chord runs mains level. In choppy conditions races and that dedicated Rave race from either side of the cockpit to ad- with swells of 5-6 feet and winds of meets would be organised. Indeed, in just the foils and finally a handle is around 13-18 knots Rave sailors re- the US, there now appears to be provided on each side to unlock the port the craft sails well while similar somewhat of a cult following of the foils. sized catamarans are near to a stand- WindRider 16’ Tri and WindRider still and having difficulty in those Once in sufficient water depth, the Rave and a number of races have conditions. pilot lowers the combined rear rud- been organised with participation der and foil then unlocks and lowers Tacking is straightforward. With a steadily growing. the two side foils. The foils can be slight foot pressure on the tiller the One-design rules for the Rave have lowered to either a ‘half latch’ posi- boat turns quickly however looses been prepared (http://www.windn tion or completely. speed in the process. The self tack- water.com/rules.htm) for the stan- ing jib re-sets and the Rave takes up The ideal relative heading for speed again on the new heading. As take-off is on a beam reach. At a the boat accelerates to foiling speed Continued on Page 11

Page 10 IHS Winter 2001 THE WINDRIDER RAVE (PART II) The US Sailing Asso- Continued from previous page ciation’s Portsmouth Rating Committee had dard Rave but for those who want to included all Wind- experiment with obtaining further per- Rider models includ- formance from their craft, a more un- ing the new FOR- limited Formula Rave class is being MULA Rave Racing developed which will be described in a Class in its official list forthcoming newsletter. In the mean- of handicap numbers. time, for more information see the The Portsmouth handi- section of the ‘Rave Page.’ cap is a well estab- lished, time on time Mike McGarry, the U.S. National Champion demonstrates how easy it is to fly in light air.Note the calm wa- ter and lack of any white caps in the photo. The sails from forward to aft are referred to as the ‘Screacher’, ‘Blade Jib’ and ‘Mainsail’. rating system and is used by most racing organizations throughout North America. For more informa- tion on U.S.S.A.’s Portsmouth rating system see: http://www.ussailing. org/multihull/mhportsmouth.htm As the Rave sailing community ex- pands in the US, Raves are appearing in race events as a class of their own. The first dedicated WindRider Na- tional Championship was held at Ft. Walton Beach, FL in October 1999. Even at that time, thirteen WindRider Rave hydrofoils partici- pated. Want One?

If you would like further details of the RAVE, one option is to contact Eric Arens from WindRider of the Treasure Coast, P.O. Box 2457, Jupi- ter, FL 33468-2457 (street address: 2581 Jupiter Park Dr., Jupiter FL, 33458). phone: 561-776-9045, fax: Eric Aren’s WindRider Rave named ‘Rave One’ (It has the class sail 561-799-9854, e-mail: number 1) fitted with the FORMULA sail rig. [email protected]

IHS Winter 2001 Page 11 WELCOME NEW MEMBERS utilize hydrofoils to reduce drag and there- slender (9") sea kayak with parasol type sail. fore power requirements. We use very soft He is president of Japan Solar & Human Vladimir Algin -Vladimir is enrolled at the riding semi round-bilge shapes whereby we Powered Boat Association (JSHA). MacNaughton school of Yacht design. His manage to combine good rough water Victor Mijon – Victor is involved in building intention is to make a design based on seakeeping characteristics with low drag. a 1/15th scale model of a 46 foot catamaran. Plainview. He has chosen the Plainview as it Ron Drynan – Ron became fascinated with This model has several purposes. He would is the only style that exists in nature as well, human-powered boats (HPBs) when he appreciate any information on a sailing cat two fins in front one in back. “Five billion bought a house on a lake in which no motor- with hydrofoils. years of development must say something.” ized craft were allowed. Because he was an So while doing that, he is studying every- avid mountain-biker, he began building John Slattebo – John, of Pescadero, Califor- thing about dynamics, fluid and aerodynam- pedal/propeller boats, working to gain the nia has had a life time interest in sailing and a ics, hull design, wave impact problems, etc. experience and knowledge necessary to be- proa sailor since living in the Marshall Is- lands. He has built several outriggers and foil Lorenzo Bonasero - Lorenzo is from gin a human-powered hydrofoil project. stabilized outriggers. From the first one it was Messina, Italy where the Rodriquez hydro- He’s the VP of Watercraft for the HPVA(Hu- plain to see that manual controlled full foilers foils took off for the first time. At that time man Powered Vehicle Association at: was the way to go to generate performance all he was a boat scale modeler. From the time www.IHPVA.org/hpva/), member of both around the course. Sailing is just too dynamic of the first flight of “Freccia Del Sole” he the ACA (American Canoe Association at not to have manual controls. He wrote an arti- has collected all the information and www.ACANet.org) and IWCA (Interna- cle in the Mar/Apr 2000 issue of pictures of hydrofoils from all around the tional Water Cycling Association at http:// Magazine: Slatts 16. The 16’, car-toppable, world. He spent a long period in France, www.WaterCycling.org), and maintains his foil-stabilized, sailing outrigger is made of working with Aerospatiale (now EADS), in personal hobby site on the web at http:// foam sandwich epoxy and weighs only 96 lbs. the “ATR” aircraft product support. He re- www.HumanPoweredBoats.com. turned to Alenia, Italy, where he is involved Kataro Horuichi - Kataro graduated from in cost control for several different produc- Tokyo University 1950 and worked at the tion programs. His personal dream: The Yokohama Yacht Works. Here he designed ******** Rodriquez top management decision to get patrol boats and sight seeing boats mainly, the “Freccia Del Sole” preserved and on dis- but also boats propelled by air propel- play as gate-guardian in the harbor of ler and hydrofoils with 3 struts and 2 struts NEW BENEFIT Messina. with submerged foils. In1960 he transferred IHS provides a free link from Nicolaas de Waal – Nic heads Teknicraft to Yamaha Motor Ltd. and worked 36 years the IHS website to members’ per- Design, a design company specializing in working on pleasure boats, fishing boats, 5 sonal and/or corporate site. To re- hydrofoil supported catamarans in the hydrofoil boats, remote controlled helicop- quest your link, contact Barney C. 10-30m range. They are based in New Zea- ter for agricultural use and a light airplane. Black, IHS Home Page Editor at land, but deal with various yards around the He retired from Yamaha Motor in1996, and [email protected]. world. So far they have concentrated on now developing hydrofoil sail boat and very “high-speed” vessels with Froude number over 2.5, but are currently working on hydro- IHS BOARD OF DIRECTORS foil systems for semi displacement craft in the 15-20 knot range. Teknicraft’s designs 1999-2002 2000-2003 2001-2004

IHS OFFICERS 2000 - 2001 Jerry Gore Mark R. Bebar Sumiyasu Arima John Meyer President Jim King William Hockberger Malin Dixon

Mark Bebar Vice President Ken Spaulding George Jenkins John R. Meyer George Jenkins Treasurer John Monk Ralph Paterson, Jr. William White Ken Spaulding Secretary

Page 12 IHS Winter 2001 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

CURL CURL Model Kit Wanted light matte grey finish (see aerial shot of Navy. I have always asked the question, DEE WHY or close-up of forward deck of “Why did the USCG and the USN have to go [30 Dec 01] I am very interested in the CURL LONG REEF below). The only significant to VosperThornycroft, a British company for CURL boat that you have on the website. external wood items were aft cabin doors and a high speed vessel design”? Do we not have Would you be able to tell me where I could bench seat (as seen on CURL CURL photo). capable engineers in the United States? — get a kit (or completed boat)? Also, how does Given you will probably soon be starting on Ken Plyler ([email protected]) it run? — Chris Kozlik the foils, I take the opportunity to send you ([email protected]) views of the bow and stern foil units of PHM Height Sensor Ferry Venture in Tropics Proposed LONG REEF while on cradles at Balmain in [16 Dec 01] I have a question on the height the late 1980s. It is only when a hydrofoil is sensor that is actually used on the PHM. Can [30 Dec 01] I am based in UK and following out of the water that it is possible to really ap- you tell me what the sensor is called and who exploratory visits am looking to put together preciate the foil configuration. On the bow made it? I am curious as to what physical a consortium to run a hydrofoil/fast ferry ser- foils you should be able to see flaps on port principle is the basis for the height sensor. I vice between certain tropical islands. Would and starboard side. Also, the thin strakes on think that filtering was done to in essence welcome all discussions on a mutually confi- the foils are called ‘fences’ and they help to compute the average wave height. Is any- dential basis. — David Jacobs (david.pro- stop air from being drawn down on the low body doing any redesign of the control laws [email protected]) pressure side of the foil. Likewise the pair of or the redundancy managment in the flight rudders on the aft foils (slightly inboard of Update on PT-50 Model Progress control system? Perhaps newer computers the propeller shafts) each have four fences are being used. This might be of interest to [30 Dec 01] Just touching base again on the clearly visible with a further fence placed on me as I do consulting in the area of guidance, PT50 scratch-build. I’ve settled on the FAIR- the foils below each strut connection point. naviagation and control for mostly aerospace LIGHT and am doing it in a (static) 1:72 The rudder tiller assembly is visible just applications. I used to work for Doug Fosth scale. It will be for static display only. Here above the aft foil supporting cross structure in the Flight Controls Group that he headed in are a couple of shots of the model in progress. which is bolted to the transom. If you need the mid-1970s. I did my EE Master’s thesis I will be mounting it foilborne on some mod- any other details or views to clarify any as- on analytic sensor fault detection via ob- elled water, which you can see in one of the pect of these hydrofoils during construction server theory for dissimilar sensors. I only photos. I have made good progress with the of the model, let me know and I may be able considered the lateral/directional dynamic basic hull (ex foils) now complete and have to find a photo that helps. — Martin Grimm model. The roll gyro is the most important just commenced on the superstructure. I pre- ([email protected]) sensor. The objective was to save money by dict I’ll have it finished by end Jan or begin- TUCUMCARI vs. CYCLONE reducing the triple redundant system to dou- ning Feb 02. And I’m using plans Martin ble redundant and synthesizing the missing Grimm sent me (although have had to [22 Dec 01] I have been researching today’s data through the magic of Luenberger Ob- re-draw the superstructure to match the Oz US Navy Patrol Craft. Specifically the PC-1 servers or Kalman filters. The technical pa- ones). A query: Is there any info on the deck CYCLONE Class. I feel that it is time to res- per was written on the topic in Aerospace and finish on the Oz PT50s? I’m not clear if they urrect the old PGH-2 TUCUMCARI de- Electronic Systems of IEEE in about 1975. would have been wood, or a painted finish. signs. When comparing the CYCLONE spec The authors were Fosth, Clark and Walton. — Ian Wrenford ([email protected]) to the TUCUMCARI spec, I find that as a This paper was one of the first in the area of Special Warfare vessel, TUCUMCARI far analytic redundancy and now finds applica- exceeds CYCLONE in most respects. It ap- tion in a similar form onboard the Boeing Response... [30 Dec 01] The decks of the PT pears that if the TUCUMCARI drawings and 777 air data inertial reference system angle of 50’s, like the rest of the hull and the super- engineering data were available, the timing attack sensors. I still work for Boeing in structure are fabricated from aluminium al- is right for some US shipyard to make an Un- Flight Controls Research in the commercial loy which is riveted together. The foils, due to solicited Proposal to the USN to build a pro- division. When I was going to college in the the need for strength are steel as are deck fit- totype using all the modern bells and late 60’s and early 70s both the Lockheed and tings such as bollards (stainless), hand rails whistles. The basic TUCUMCARI was Boeing hydrofoils were stationed at Puget etc. The Sydney foils has a rough anti-slip 100% successful. The vessel either met or coating applied to the decks and this had a exceeded the mission requirements of the Continued on Next Page

IHS Winter 2001 Page 13 Letters To The Editor gram compiled from BASIC as the ACS SNAV have? — Felix Marsteller (Continued From Previous Page ) computer. Analog to Digital and Digital to ([email protected]) Analog devices were used to tie into the ex- Response... [16 Dec 01] I have no current in- Sound Naval Shipyard. As an engineer isting ACS to demonstrate that a digital con- formation on this. Fast Ferry International trainee I had an engineering assignment on trol system could be used successfully. I hope (FFI) magazine is the premier source of such the Lockheed boat. — Vince Walton, VMW I have answered your question. — Sumiyasu information if you cannot get it directly from Systems Dynamics Arima ([email protected]) Aliscafi SNAV. Youcan also get the informa- ([email protected]) [17 Dec 01] Just a tidbit that might be useful tion from a recent edition of Janes High Responses... [16 Dec 01] I am not a controls to you: The PHM actually had dual height Speed Marine Craft. At one time FFI sold a type, so I will try to answer your question to sensors, radar and sonic. Both signals were database of all fast ferries and their operators, the best of my knowledge. The height sen- interpolated by ACS simultaneously. I have but that seems to have been discontinued in sors used on PHM were originally designed experienced foilborne ops with sonic sensor 1995, which is the latest version I have. The and built by Boeing. Basically, the output only, and the ride was noticeably rougher, but latest version of Janes that I have is the 93-94 was 10 mv/ft. On the HIGH POINT, we effective. — Rob DeSendi, USS AQUILA edition. For SNAVAliscafi, that book lists 33 tested various altimeters from different man- PHM-4 hydrofoils of various types from PT-20 to ufacturers, and concluded that the TRT radio ([email protected]) RHS-200, one Westamarin cat, and one altimeter (modified for the 10 mv/ft output) monohull. I will be glad to mail or fax you a [26 Dec 01] I believe the radar and sonic was the least susceptible to outside interfer- printout from the database and/or the old edi- height sensors were independent of each ence, and thus was installed on the PHMs. tion of Janes if it will help you, but obviously other. There was a switch on the bridge to se- The Automatic Control System (ACS) had I can’t be sure which of the vessels that oper- lect “radar” or “sonic” not both. The ride on the filtering network for all the sensors, in- ated then are still operating today. — Barney the radar sensors was better in most sea cluding the height sensor. The height signal C. Black ([email protected]) states, but the sonic sensors were much more was primarily compared to the height set, reliable—Chuck Shannon, ET1 MLSG [17 Dec 01] I was stationed in Naples, Italy and input into the forward foil. Pitch and roll ([email protected]) from 1996-99, and rode the aliscafi (Italian controlled by the aft foils primarily followed word for hydrofoil) SNAV numerous times the forward foil with the vertical gyro, accel- HIGH POINT hopping between islands of the Bay of Na- erations, and rate gyros tempering the signal. ples. There is a map at the docks of all the All Boeing-built hydrofoils used essentially [27 Dec 01] I am Ken Plyler, Master Chief routes there. Hope this helps. — Rob the same principle but the filtering network Engineman USN ret, ex-High Point, ex DeSendi, USS AQUILA PHM-4 was different in each class due to ship re- Tucumcari, ex SeaFlite Hawaii, ex- Turismo ([email protected]) sponses because of longitudinal positioning Margarita de Venezuela. Was a plank owner of the fore and aft foils, hydraulic control re- on all these boats. Chief Engineer, HIGH AMV CD-ROM Testimonial sponse time, sensor positioning, etc. all POINT and TUCUMCARI, Director of which were simulated in a computer to opti- Maintenance, JetFoils Hawaii and Vene- [16 Dec 01] We are so impressed with the mize the gains and filtering schemes. One of zuela. information that the AMV CD contains - the modifications we made was to relax the both the volume of data and the quality. It I know quite a bit about HIGH POINT dur- control loop since the hydraulic system was must have been a monumental job to get it ing the first 3.5 years of her active/inactive being shaken to early failure. The modifica- all together; many thanks. — Jim Stewart life. I admire what you are trying to accom- tion was also noted in the ride, where vibra- ([email protected]) plish with HIGH POINT. If I can be of techni- tion was considerably reduced and yet, no cal help in any way, please give me a shout. PHM Veteran Remembers detrimental effect of control was noticed. As — Ken Plyler ([email protected]) for the actual filtering network and gains for [16 Dec 01] Just wanted to know that, al- the PHM, the ACS drawings will provide the SNAV Fleet though I haven’t read everything on PHMs information. As for new designs, many hy- listed on the site, very good information here! brids are using control systems for ride con- [16 Dec 01] I want to get more details about I was stationed onboard the USS PEGASUS trol. I am not familiar with the designs, thus the current fleet of SNAV Aliscafi.S.p.A. from 1989-93 when we decommissioned the cannot comment on them. HIGH POINT did Does anybody knows which hydrofoils are fly using an IBM 8086 computer with a pro- in service and their routes? Which cats does Continued on Next Page

Page 14 IHS Winter 2001 Letters To The Editor loads), the Table of Contents for the Ad- http://www.basiliscus.com/CSYSpaper.pdf. (Continued From Previous Page ) vanced Marine Vehicle (AMV) CD-ROM — Barney C. Black ([email protected]) (48 downloads), and the review of David six of them. That was my all time favorite Keiper’s book Hydrofoil Voyager about his Turning Circle Explanation... duty station. It’s nice to know that there are a ocean-going yacht WILLIWAW (45 down- [25 Nov 01] Please, I need a brief explanation lot of people out there that still have a high in- loads). — Barney C. Black about measuring the turning cycle of a ship terest in the PHMs. Thank You for helping to ([email protected]) (HSLC). — Yuksel UNAL keep them alive. — Tony Larson ([email protected]) ([email protected]) Have Vessel, Propose Joint Venture For Caribbean Tours Responses... [25 Nov 01] The answer to the Response... [16 Dec 01] Great to hear from question can be found in Vol.III of SNAME’s you Tony. I worked on the PHM program [9 Dec 01] I am the owner of a 1989 Meteor Principles of Naval Architecture, pp.316 and from the early studies in 1971 through the Hydrofoil. I am interested in a joint venture Fig.157. — Bill Buckley lead ship OT&E and also on the follow-ship with a partner who might offer the manage- ([email protected]) specifications and design reviews with Boe- ment side of the operation within the Carib- ing. Got to ride on PEGASUS several times bean or southern Pacific. The vessel has had [25 Nov 01] You have asked about the mea- and it was fantastic, including a drag race only 4 years of service and is in excellent surement of the ‘turning cycle of a ship’ and I with a Boeing commercial JETFOIL on shape. Seating capacity of 123; LOA - 114 ft; presume this is a reference to the Turning Puget Sound. I was there for thr decommis- service speed of 32 to 34 knts; dry lease ar- Circle performance. A ship’s turning perfor- sioning, and it was a sad day indeed. — Mark rangement available or joint venture of over- mance is defined by parameters such as the Bebar, Naval Sea Systems Command, Total all business. Short term leases available as advance, transfer, tactical diameter and Ship System Concepts Division, Washington well. Serious enquiries only please. — Robin steady turning diameter and speed. These are Navy Yard, DC Todd ([email protected]) defined in naval architecture text books. For ([email protected]) Market For Sailing Hydrofoil? any particular ship, they are a function of the initial speed and the angle of the rudders (or Website Statistics [3 Dec 01] I’m interested in building a hydro- waterjet) that is applied. The distances are of- [16 Dec 01] Here are some of the highlights foil 33’ long with a 12’ beam based on a ten defined relative to the length of the ship from an analysis of IHS website activity for cat-style boat made out of aluminium. What itself, so for instance a ship may have a tacti- the six days 12/5/01 to 12/11/01 to give an do you think? Could it be sold to the general cal diameter of 5 ship lengths after applying idea of visitor habits: The site received total public? — Tom Sundling full rudder angle while at maximum speed. In 2,382 visits during that time period, an aver- ([email protected]) the past, such parameters were measured by age off 340 visits per day. The average time taking position fixes to nearby stationary ob- WILLIWAW Successor per visit is 7 minutes; median is 3 minutes. Of jects or by the use of radio ranging equip- course some people (such as myself!) visited [26 Nov 01] See the following link to read all ment. It is more common practice these days more than once. It is possible to identify about Tom Speer’s planned successor to the to measure such maneuvering parameters on many visitors through cookies and other ocean-going hydrofoil yacht WILLIWAW: trials by using Differencial GPS equipment techniques, but not all. The analysis was able reconnected to a data logger. More informa- to identify the visitor in 1,628 out of the 2,382 tion on the conduct of maneuvering trials is total visits. Of these, 1,309 visited once;319 available in such documents as the “Guide Letters To the Editor allows visited more than once. The most popular for Sea Trials” that can be purchased from hydrofoilers to ask for or provide infor- pages, not counting the main page are the the Society of Naval Architects and Marine mation, to exchange ideas, and to inform Engineers (SNAME) who’s website is at links page (232 views), the posted messages the readership of interesting develop- www.sname.org. Details of that publication main page (231 views), and the radio-con- ments. More correspondence is pub- trolled models page (144 views). The most lished in the Posted Messages and extracted from their website are as follows: popular files downloaded were the sample Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Guide for Sea Trials: Covers sea trials of newsletter (157 downloads), the information section of the IHS internet web site at self-propelled surface ships displacing 300 on sale of SHEARWATER5 and 6 (76 down- http://www.foils.org. All are invited to tons or more, powered by fossil fuel and loads), the overview of the Catri foiler (61 participate. Opinions expressed are downloads), the history of IHS (53 down- those of the authors, not of IHS. Continued on Next Page

IHS Winter 2001 Page 15 Letters To The Editor H105 section is my own design (data and co- See the CSYS paper for a more detailed com- (Continued From Previous Page ) ordinates at http://www.nasg.com/afdb/in- parison. The emphasis on low Reynolds dex-e.phtml). It started with correspondence numbers was so that I could build a subscale driven by steam turbine, gas turbine, diesel between the late David Keiper and myself. I model of the cruising hydrofoil and still ob- engine or electric motors. It does not cover offered to design a section for Keiper and pay tain valid data. A section that is designed for dock trials or tests or demonstrations which for the die if he would have extrusions made low Reynolds numbers will generally work can be conducted dockside, which are cov- for use in his catamaran hydrofoil kits. I was well at high Reynolds numbers, but one can ered in T&R Bulletin 3-39, Guide for Shop looking to get some experimental feedback rarely operate a section much below its de- and Installation Tests. [3-47] 1989, 95 pp. on the design. I intend to build an ocean-go- sign Reynolds number range. So by design- List Price: $38.00; Member Price: $19.00. ing sailing hydrofoil loosely based on ing a section that would be suitable for the Available by photo reproduction only. — Keiper’s WILLIWAW (For details, see my model, I created a good all-round section is Martin Grimm([email protected]) paper on the site: http://www.basiliscus.com not as critical as the Eppler hydrofoil sec- /CSYSpaper.pdf), and I will probably use the tions. — Tom Speer ([email protected]) [26 Nov 01] Are you talking about “tactical H105 for my hydrofoils. The requirements website: www.tspeer.com diameter”, “advance and transfer” as ex- for the H105 were: to be able to operate at plained in any seamanship textbook like low Reynolds numbers (300,000 and above) Joint Venture Sought in Caribbean... Crenshaw’s (or Principle of Naval Architec- to be resistant to caviation operate over a ture) — CAPT Peter Squicciarini [16 Nov 01] We intend to operate a hydrofoil wider range of lift coefficients than the ([email protected]) to serve the transportation of passengers be- Eppler hydrofoil sections to have minimum tween two points on an island located at the Student Project - Foil History... drag comparable to the Eppler sections My Caribbean/Atlantic. Our idea is to enter in a first designs put too much emphasis on high joint venture/partnership with a hydrofoil [21 Nov 01] I`m a student in Spain, and I’m lift. High lift is not as important to a sur- owner being the operation/management/ making my final project. I need information face-piercing hydrofoil because the craft can manning from our side. about: (1) History of Eppler foils and his ge- operate with a much smaller angle of attack ometry, (2) History of H105 foil, and (3) His- range, changing wetted area to vary the lift From the service/market needs point of view, tory of keels of windsurfer boats. Could you instead of angle of attack. The H105 design we are ready to start right now. The market is help me, please? — Beatriz Marco Burguete specifically traded off some high lift perfor- just there, and it is being served with very ([email protected]) mance for better cavitation performance. The low speed vessels.There is an association of good low Reynolds number performance vessels owners, and we have done several Response... [25 Nov 01] Richard Eppler was was obtained by using a convex velocity dis- negotiations with them to allow us to enter to a professor at University of Stuttgart, along tribution on the upper surface. This was tai- that business. with Wortmann and Althaus. You might say lored to control the movement of the laminar that Eppler was the theoretician, Althaus was Our intention is to put faster vessels into ser- separation bubble. The result was transition the experimentalist, and Wortmann the ap- vice. Some important points to take into ac- from laminar to turbulent flow in the bound- plied designer. Wortmann designed many count: Passengers capacity: between 50 and ary layer via a short laminar separation bub- successful sections using Eppler’s computer 115 , Calm water at the area (suitable for hy- ble that moved smoothly to the leading edge code, and Althaus did the wind tunnel testing drofoil navigation); Speed: no less than 35 as the angle of attack increased. This allowed published in the Stuttgarter Profilkatalog. knots; Distance: 12 miles one way / 24 miles long runs of laminar flow at low lift coeffi- However, Eppler was more than just a theo- round trip. 4 to 6 round trips per day / 7 days cients, but ensured that the boundary layer retician, having designed the world’s first fi- per week. Note: there are hydrofoils operat- was turbulent at high lift coefficients, and berglass sailplane, the PHOENIX. Try the ing at the southeast part of the island, where eliminated the laminar separation which site http:// amber.aae.uiuc.edu/~m-selig/ads/ the sea is heavier. I will appreciate any infor- caused the sharp stall in the Eppler hydrofoil airfoil_references.html for additional infor- mation you could give me in this respect. sections at low Reynolds numbers. mation. Together, the three of them revolu- ASAP — Ildefonso Guemez Compared with Eppler’s hydrofoils, my sec- tionized modern airfoil design and ([email protected]) tion is slightly more prone to cavitation at established the practice of using an inverse medium lift coefficients, but has better high computer code to calculate the shape of an lift and low Reynolds number performance. airfoil from its required aerodynamic charac- Continued on Next Page At low lift coefficients and high speeds the teristics, so as to create an airfoil precisely (Electronic Edition Only!) performance is nearly equal between the two. tailored for each specific aircaft design. The

Page 16 IHS Winter 2001 EXTRA FOR THE ELECTRONIC EDITION

Letters To The Editor Responses... and the desired contour of the foil. The (Continued From Previous Page ) [11 Nov 01] During the summer of foil section was rough machined by man- 1960 while still in college, I worked for ually moving the router with the at Dynamic Development Inc., which was a constant fixed depth along the guide Hydrofoil Pontoon Boat Project the hydrofoil development partner with tubes, and repositioning the end plates Grumman. At the time Grumman pro- after each cut. Each pass would provide [11 Nov 01] I’m working full-time vided financial backing, and DDI pro- a flat cut; the center of which was on the adapting a 28’ aluminum pontoon boat vided the know-how. Grumman teamed foil final contour. Following the rough with a fully-submerged hydrofoil sys- with DDI had won the MARAD (Mari- machining, the final contour between the tem. I’m estimating an empty weight of time Administration) contract for the router cuts was achieved by hand filing 3300# plus a 10 (1500#) passenger load DENISON, and in the summer of 1960 and sanding. (max). I am to power it with a 150-220hp DDI was building a 1/5.5 scale open wa- extended-foot outdrive. I am looking for ter test model of the future DENISON. The DENISON / GREAT EXPEC- 15-20 mph lift-offs and smooth opera- TATIONS main foils were surface pierc- tion in 2 - 2.5 ft chop with a 45+ mph The model was called GREAT EX- ing, and using this method each section cruise. The foils are to be located fully PECTATIONS. The foils were hand ma- was independently produced and joined fore & aft on the craft, with weight ratio chined from thick aluminum plate using together. The method described obvi- 40-60%, changing with the passenger an in house fabricated rig which used a ously can only be used for straight or ta- loading. The rear foils will be mounted to router with a straight bit as the major cut- pered constant section/ variable chord and pivoting with the outdrive (for man- ting tool. The face plate of the router was foils of easily machined material. If I ual pitch adjustment) and have opposite attached to a 1/4" aluminum “runner” were to design a rig today, I would try to operating trim tabs for roll control. The plate, which ran on two lengths of alumi- eliminate or modify the bolt attachment front foil will be steerable and use foil num tube guides. The two outer edges of method between the end plates and the (and strut) incidence control to adjust the the runner plate each had an 8" to 10" templates. On tapered foils there was a craft’s height. It will use a homebrew length of larger diameter tube attached limit to how close the hole patent could electronic/ hydraulic automatic flight by brazing. The inner diameter of these be on the template for the narrow end. controller. short tubes matched the outer diameter This resulted in a large of hand filing on of the guides. If I remember correctly the wider end of the foil. I’ve poured through every word these short tubes were sliced longitudi- on this site and am working my way nally to allow for adjustment of the diam- I had thought at the time of using through the CD, but still questions re- eter by squeezing. The router could them two series of “high/low” holes to double main. What would be good target wing run back and forth on the guide tubes. up on the number of router passes to next loadings? If I approximate an NACA-6 time. But this method was used on only series foil, does anyone have experience At each end of the guide tubes one set of foils. Everything subsequent “hand” machining it from alum bar were inserted into 1/4" plates perpendic- was NC machined. One alternative may stock? Is another foil shape “good ular to the tubes. At one end they were be to use “male/female” templates, with enough” but significantly easier to build? brazed. At the other end they simply one template attached to the end plate (I’ve been unable to find manufactured passed through holes matching the outer and the other template attached to the foils.) What angle of attack pitch range diameter of the guide tubes. In each of working surface. If the two templates would I likely need for each foil? these plates were drilled two holes for were clamped in some fashion, this could bolts. These bolts supported the rig and provide infinitely variable spacing be- Is there anyone out there who router between two foil section flat plate tween router cuts, and eliminate most of might occasionally offer me some “shoot templates. The foil templates were posi- the hand finishing. Hope this helpful and from the hip” guidance as this project tioned beyond the ends of the foil section not too confusing. Let me know if it is, progresses? I’ll gladly assemble a photo being machined. Each template had a se- and I can send a sketch. essay for others who like myself, might ries of drilled holes with a maximum Charlie Pieroth also follow in Harry Larsen’s footsteps. spacing not exceeding the diameter of the [email protected] Barry Steele cutter. The hole locations were calcu- [email protected] lated using the geometry of the router rig, Continued on Next Page

IHS Winter 2001 Page 17 Letters to the Editor length? It just got me thinking because up for collateral for the project. If I can (Continued From Previous Page ) kart engines are very lightweight and assist, please contact me. also surprisingly cheap. Tom Schneider [11 Nov 01] The plan seems al- Mark Landers [email protected] most identical to TALARIA III. Just the [email protected] Phone: 812 537 0609 hull is different. Planned top speed is Web Site: www.intermar-group.com considerably higher (I am making some Analysis Software Release improvements to TALARIA III that Wave Phenomena Source should increase its top speed somewhat). [11 Nov 01] New Wave Systems, Inc. announces a major new version of [11 Nov 01] I am interested to be- Some thoughts: Make sure the de- ProSurf, its trimmed NURB surface pro- come a member of the International Hy- sign has enough roll authority at takeoff. gram for the design and analysis of boats drofoil Society. My research interests It depends on foil span, weight distribu- and ships. ProSurf 3 is twice as large as include wave phenomena (especially tion, and control surfaces. Use gold con- ProSurf 2 and costs only $795, less than computational issues), wake wash, nectors for the electronics. Work the half the price of the previous version. In dispersive waves. My educational back- corrosion problem. addition, ProSurf 3 contains capabilities ground is academic training in applied not found in any other program at any mathematics, M.S. , 1983, University of I believe the takeoff speed you price. Use ProSurf 3 as your primary hull Iowa. Business: CEO, 21st Century Data have specified will dictate the foil load- design and analysis tool or use it as an Analysis. I am in the Portland OR area. ing to be low. Konstantin Matveev’s lift add-on to your existing suite of CAD Languages other than English: German, mathematics (in MS EXCEL) is on programs. See www.newavesys.com for French, (some) Russian. I am also inter- TALARIA III’s web site, which is at complete details and a limited use, full ested in assisting with language issues, http://home1.gte.net/hlarsen0/. You can working demo. like your society website. check what load is required for take off Stephen M. Hollister Axel Mainzer Koenig with the program. [email protected] [email protected]

TALARIA III’s aft foil was “hand” St Lucia Venture Personal Hydrofoil Project machined out of a 1" x 8" aluminum bar by rotating the milling machine’s head [11 Nov 01] I am trying to find a [11 Nov 01] I am a final year In- and taking several passes. It was a long listing of investors that deal with off dustrial Product Design student at time ago, but I think it took about a half a shore high speed ferry transportation.I Coventry University, West Midlands, day to do the machining. I am investigat- am proposing to set up a ferry service on England. I have begun my final year indi- ing the shape for a new aft foil and would the island of St.Lucia, to this end my vidual design project which is to design a be interested in your conclusions. partner and I are contributing a vessel to new breed of water jet-powered Per- Harry Larsen the service it is a" turbo cat 27" with a top sonal Watercraft (PWC). My intention is to design a sports-recreational product to [email protected] speed of 50 kt and a seating capacity of 180. I am looking for an investment com- be used by hobbyists and enthusiasts, Kart Engine Utility pany that would finance the shipping,in- with a view to possible competition use. surance,and working capital cost of [11 Nov 01] I am considering US$500,000.If you could recomend such Having looked at the existing building a hydrofoil as a university pro- please contact me. PWC market which is largely dominated ject and I’ve already been looking into Lynton Popo by stand-up and runabout Jet Skis, one of some of the practicalities. Today I have [email protected] the ideas that I have come up with is to mostly been considering how to power a use hydrofoil technology incorporated small hydrofoil and looking at lots of en- Response... with jet power to create a new high gine and propeller websites. One option speed, highly manouverable single (pos- I’ve been looking at is the widespread [16 Nov 01] Just some thoughts sibly two) seater watercraft. Currently in availability of Kart engines. Do you on your project: First of all it is important the early stages of research for the pro- think a 28HP Kart engine could be to ensure that the vessel that you are con- ject, I have yet to determine whether such geared down to provide propulsion for a tributing to the High Speed Company is a proposal would be feasible - whether or lightweight hydrofoil say 12-15ft in regulated for passenger use. Addi- Continued on Next Page tionally, the value of the vessel can be put

Page 18 IHS Winter 2001 Letters to the Editor that foil sections are not worth the bother. Nichilas “Moby Nick” Scheuer (Continued From Previous Page ) But, another owner of a boat like mine Rockford IL USA did construct a pair of custom leeboards [email protected] not the two technologies could be com- for his boat, and their performance is re- Trampofoil Substitute bined in a craft at all. markable. His boat is considerably faster than mine, and makes much less leeway [9 Nov 01] One year ago, I saw the I discovered an article on personal sailing to windward. Proof enough! Of Trampofoil’s page. Do you have any- hydrofoils on the IHS website - and then course he is also a very good sailor. thing about this? found that I wasn’t the first person to Eduardo Arias García have the personal hydrofoil-jet drive Rather than copy his work line for [email protected] idea! It seems that many people/ line, I am trying to search out as much Response... companys have carried out some about underwater foils as I can, and am jet-drive hydrofoil PWC product design finding this a daunting task. I know, for [9 Nov 01] Trampofoil went out of and development but haven’t been able instance that a few of today’s high perfor- business. For details, look for the to, or haven’t chosen to, put their crafts mance sailboats and catamarans Trampofoil-related correspondence on into production. I’m particularly inter- are using foil bilge boards for lift to the IHS website in the Human Powered ested in finding out about the Yamaha windward by virtue of the fact that only Hydrofoils section of the Posted Mes- OU-32 project. I would be grateful if you the leeward board in in the water while sages/ FAQs down near the bottom of the could send me, or point me in the direc- the windward has lifted above the water page. There is a similar product avail- tion of, any sources of info on hydrofoil due to heel. Two specific questions: able from Engineering Café; see http:// PWC design. Comments and sugges- www.engcafe.co.za. This website is pro- tions would also be welcome. As an un- • What NACA foil section would be ap- vided for your information only. IHS dergraduate Product Designer with little propriate? does not recommend or endorse products marine experience I would be very grate- and services. ful for anything received. • What angle-of-attack would be most Barney C. Black Richard Yates effective for that section? [email protected] [email protected] or [email protected] Top speed of a Shearwater in a Foil-Assisted Take Off, Flying Boat 44 Bedford Street; Earlsdon; Coventry; fresh breeze over smooth water is about 7 West Midlands CV1 3EW or 8 kt on a reach, and 5 kt to windward, [1 Nov 01] I am student at the Uni- England which is slower than high-performance versity of Southampton studying Aero- and catamarans. I have found ad- space Engineering. We have a group Leeboard Foil Design vice recommending the NACA-0012 foil project to design an amphibious flying as being very good for symetrical foils boat. Our initial intentions were to design [9 Nov 01] I have a 28 ft with zero angle-of- attack. I have also a 767-sized cargo plane. We then thought Shearwater yawl build by Edey & Duff in found information indicating that when a of adding a hydrofoil to reduce the take- 1987. It is designed to have a pair of piv- foil that thick has its pitch increased, that off distance. We were wondering if you oting leeboards suspended outboard on trailing portion of the windward side could provide us or direct us to where we each side instead of a centerboard or might exhibit flow separation. could find some more detailed info such fixed keel. The standard leeboards mea- as different designs of hydrofoils and sure about five ft long and 32 inches I know that my friend has thinner typical takeoff speeds of hydrofoils. across the lower end. they are flat in sec- foils than a NACA-0012, measuring 1 Andy Fidler tion with a rounded leading edge and a 1/2 inches thick with an 18 inch chord [email protected] tapering trailing edge. and that they are assymetric, with a Responses... chord ratio of 60%/40%. I do not know One of my leeboards fractured what positive angle-of-attack he has used [3 Nov 01] The most recent exam- rolling in big seas on Lake Michigan, and (only the leeward board is used on these ple of hydrofoil-assisted takeoff for air- instead of purchasing a replacement I boats, while the windward one is drawn craft that I know of can be found in Air want to make a new pair exhibiting im- up out of the water), only that there is a Progress Magazine of Feb 1968. There is proved performance. Both the designer small amount of “toe-in”. I would appre- a cover photo of the magazine and an ab- and builder favor simple, low-tech, short ciate any guidance. Continued on Next Page and flat leeboards for sailboats, claiming

IHS Winter 2001 Page 19 Letters to the Editor sistance decrease when lifting the hull off sioned. I saw your picture of the USS (Continued From Previous Page ) the water near take-off speed. An article ARIES, and I still can’t believe they are by Charles G. Pieroth/Grumman Aero- all gone. Let me know if you need info on stract of the article on Popular Maga- space Corp. dealing with ‘hydrofoil the gun or harpoons. zines page. The article has some good hullform selection’ published in “Gunz” photos and technical info. You may be Hovering Craft & Hydrofoil in 1977 does GMC(SW) Mark A. Vogelmeier able to find some additional info about just give general recommendations. Also [email protected] other experiments of this type on the on the IHS website I could not find fur- R-75 Armory Chief; 31ST NCR ther useful info. Can anyone provide me Port Hueneme CA NACA website, http://naca.larc.nasa.gov/. They have archived hundreds of techni- with more detailed information? cal reports, searchable by key word. Sebastian Muschelknautz Russian Shipbuilding Barney C. Black [email protected] Point of Contact [email protected] Responses... [22 Oct 01] I would like to give [11 Nov 01] I recall reading of a you contact info about the Shipbuilding USAF or USN research project of the [22 Oct 01] Youmay like to look at faculty of the Nizhny Novgorod State 1960s to 70s looking at what I believe these papers: Technical University (NNSTU). General were called ‘Sea Loiter Aircraft’. This e-mail: [email protected]. The was aimed at developing maritime patrol • Sakic, Prof Dr Vinko (Maritime Insti- postal address is: dom 24, ulitsa Minina, aircraft that could remain on station (in- tute, Split); ‘Approximate determina- Nizhny Novgorod, GSP-41, 603600, cluding landing on water if necessary) tion of the propulsive power of small Russian Federation. If you want your for a long time. One option was to incor- hydrofoil craft’, High-Speed Surface message or letter to go to the Shipbuild- porate hydrofoils to assist in takeoff and Craft, March 1982. (Discusses resis- ing faculty, then you have to specify: landing. The proposals were fairly large. tance in hullborne mode and transfer “For Mr. Naloev V.G., Dean of the Ship- A paper on this subject may have ap- into foilborne mode but only over building Faculty”. I don’t know Dean peared in one of the early ‘Hovering about two pages). Naloev’s present personal e-mail, but I Craft, Hydrofoils and Advanced Transit can give you his phone number: ++7 Systems’ conference proceedings but I • Latorre, Dr Robert; ‘Hydrofoil Craft 8312 367 309 or 325 904. It’s the phone can’t find a copy now. Sorry to be so Performance Calculation’, Naval En- of the Dean’s office of the shipbuilding vague; Does this jog anyone’s memory? gineers Journal, March 1990 (this ad- faculty. The Dean’s full name is Naloyev Martin Grimm dresses performance on take off). Valery Georgiyevich. Also, I can give you the fax of the NNSTU Rector’s of- [email protected] Finally, the Maritime Research In- fice: ++7 8312 360 569. Again you will Hull Drag at Take-Off stitute Netherlands (MARIN) once of- have to specify the recipient of your fax: fered for sale a program for the “For Mr. Naloev V.G., Dean of the Ship- [22 Oct 01] I am presently dealing hydrodynamic design and analysis of hy- building Faculty” with the design of a hydrofoil boat with drofoil craft in calm water called Ms. Irina Andreeva fully submerged hydrofoils. The foil ‘HYDRES’. This included “the calcula- Head, International Relations Dept section design as well as the strut design tion of the resistance for hullborne, Nizhny Novgorod State Tech. Univ. are already well established but the hull take-off and foilborne speeds”. It was [email protected] design is still under development. Since apparently based on the use of Series 65 the craft will be powered by a water jet hard chine planing hullforms. Further LITTLE SQUIRT’s system very similar to the Jetfoil propul- details may be available via the MARIN Gas Turbine Engine sion system, the hull resistance near website but I have not checked that. take-off speed seems to be critical for the Martin Grimm [20 Oct 01] In the article on Boe- overall power requirements according to [email protected] ing’s LITTLE SQUIRT it mentions Boe- my calculations (hump speed power). I ing 425 hp gas turbine engine. Do you have not found any reliable literature in- PHM Gunner Checks In know any more about this engine or who formation regarding the hull resistance might. Are these available or something characteristics from standing to take-off [30 Oct 01] I was the Gunner on comparable? speed. Of special interest is the hull re- AQUILA when she was decommis- Continued on Next Page

Page 20 IHS Winter 2001 Letters to the Editor 107 Heron CT Ferries by Tim Timoleon at (Continued From Previous Page ) Newport, NC 28570 http://classicfast-f.homepage.dk.

Matt Kirk Need PT-50 Plans for Model I built my 1:20 scale CURL CURL model from plans I drew up (also to a [email protected] [16 Oct 01] I live in Sydney and in scale of 1:20) from a combination of ar- Response... my childhood we had PT50 Hydrofoils rangement drawings in journals and my operating in Sydney Harbour. I am own set of photos of that hydrofoil. [21 Oct 01] Boeing built the small scratchbuilding a (static) model of one Those plans are also not complete, but gas turbine for about 20 years primarily and was wondering if you had any possi- were enough to be able to build the for the air start carts used to start jet en- ble sources for scale plans. model from. The question now is, do you gines at the airports. I believe some may Ian Wrenford want to specifically build a PT 50 model have been used as Auxiliary Power Units [email protected] or would the RHS 140 also be suitable? (APUs) as well. The jet planes have the Also, how accurate do you want be? I APU usually near the tail to provide hy- Responses... don’t have accurate drawings of either draulics, electricity, and starting air so the PT 50 or RHS 140 from which to they can be independent of ground ser- [30 Dec 01] Note that Ian build a model, but the principal charac- vices. Due to the age, I don’t know if they Wrenford’s many impressive models are teristics and general arrangement are are still in service. Other gas turbines of on static display at the website of the posted up on the IHS website at this horsepower range that I am aware of Australian Plastic Modelers Association. http://www.foils.org/pt50.pdf. See also were built by Solar (I believe the parent Go to: http://apma.org.au/membersmodels/ Janes Surface Skimmers 1967-68, which organization was International Har- ian_wrenford/wrenford.html. shows section views through the PT 50. vester) and Airesearch. I know Barney C. Black Aireasearch was bought out by Garrett [email protected] Note that the PT 50 hydrofoils that who was bought but again, but I don’t re- operated on Sydney Harbour had various member the name of the current owner. [20 Oct 01] I have a model PT.50. superstructure configurations. Some, Current versions of the gas turbines in You can see it at: http:// home.wanadoo.nl/ like DEE WHY, had a raised wheelhouse this category are about half the size of the ~hydrofoils1/tiesten.htm. top, and others like FAIRLIGHT and previous units. Mark van Rijzen LONG REEF had the wheelhouse at the Sumi Arima [email protected] same level as the rest of the superstruc- ture. The PT 50 plans I provided to IHS [email protected] www.dutchhydrofoils.com are of an older style of superstructure USS HIGH POINT (PCH-1) [20 Oct 01] The radio controlled with less internal passenger capacity Veteran model I have (still unfinished) is of a than those operated on Sydney Harbour. Rodriquez RHS 140 rather than the [16 Oct 01] I was promoted to Supramar / Rodriquez PT 50. The RHS I can send you a selection of Boatswain Mate 1st Class in the High 140 was essentially a somewhat modern- scanned photos of mainly either CURL Point at Bremerten WA going on to a ca- ised version of the PT 50. It is a fairly CURL or LONG REEF once you indi- reer of 22 years. I retired in 1995 as a similar size with similar passenger ca- cate whether you have a preference for BMC and think back from time to time of pacity and engines, but had a slightly dif- building any particular one of the Sydney the days in HIGH POINT. LCDR Daniel ferent hull and superstructure. My model hydrofoils. I assume you would be build- Mulhall was my Skipper, the XO QMC P. represents CURL CURL which you may ing the model to around 1:72 scale? I Henderson, CHANG, ENC James still recall. CURL CURL was the only look forward to hearing more about your Mustoe. BM1 Barney and BM1 Huffman RHS 140 that was operated on Sydney plans to build the model. There is a page were there as were ET2 Ragzetts? Harbour. Most of the other Sydney hy- on the IHS website under the photo gal- SM3Christain MS1 Ray Shoquist, ET1 drofoils were of the PT 50 type you men- lery where photos of various hydrofoil Turner, OS1 Tucker and others. I have a tioned, though the first one MANLY was models are included. Two other model- great picture of HIGH POINT that is a smaller PT 20, and the last two that lers in Australia have built PT 50 models, showing its age any way to get another? were introduced, the MANLY [2] and but neither are complete as far as I am Stephen Heald, BMC(SW) USN (Ret) SYDNEY were both larger Rodriquez aware. They are larger scale models RHS 160F types. More on the Sydney [email protected] hydrofoils is in issue 5 of Classic Fast Continued on Page 25

IHS Winter 2001 Page 21 HYDROFOIL ANNOUNCEMENTS

Meetings, Conferences, HydroFest/2001/HydroFest2001Results.htm made to Children’s Hospital of the and for a series of photos, http://www. King’s Daughters; P.O. Box 2156; Nor- Workshops, Seminars, humanpoweredboats.com/ HydroFest/2001/ folk, VA 23501 HydroFest2001Pictures.shtml. Telecasts Al Rand Also, the Photo Gallery has been given an entirely new look, with thumb- [19 Oct 01] Sumi Arima reports Junkyard Wars nail images for quick loading, and larger that Al Rand died 17 Oct 01 of a heart at- photos available as desired: tack. Al was 79. Sumi came to know him [08 Jan 02] On Feb.13, 2002 a http://www. to in 1960 when he worked on the HIGH show called Junkyard Wars will be HumanPoweredBoats.com/Photos.shtml see the gallery, which is now separated POINT foilborne transmission design. broadcast on The Learning Channel. into seven categories and includes over He subsequently worked up to becoming This is the USA version of Scrapheap 280 pictures If you don’t see your HPB in the HYSTU Support Program Manager, Challenge, broadcast in Britain on Nov there... send Ron a photo! Ron’s email is: the position he held when he retired from 18, 2001 by Channel 4. See www. . Boeing. On behalf of the IHS, John . [email protected] Channel4.com/ scrapheap/ scrapheap.html Meyer, president expressed his remem- As a participant in this breathtaking, al- Fast Ferry Conference brance that “All of us who were associ- ready-a-cult series, (I outlined, devel- ated with the Boeing organization oped and calculated a weird 4Midalble announces the 18th hydrofoil program held Al in the highest “scrap-craft”) I consulted to the British Fast Ferry Conference & Exhibition in regard. He was a great engineer, leader team “Catalysts” (3 Jaguar engineers) Nice France, 26-28 February 2002. Go to and a strong proponent of hydrofoils.” http://rotaryboy.screaming.net/ in their bat- for info. tle against time and to the mighty Ameri- http://www.foils.org/FF-papers.pdf Lost Members can team “The Mulewrights”. — Claus-C. Plaass, ( ), USA People in the News [email protected] IHS has lost touch with the fol- showtime provided by Matt Kirk lowing members and would like to rees- ( ) [email protected] John Martyn Lewis Reeves tablish contact. Each name is followed by the last known email address. If you HIPER 2002 [18 Nov 01] John Martyn Lewis see your name here, please contact us at Reeves passed away at the end of Octo- . If you see the name [16 Dec 01] The next High-Per- [email protected] ber 2001. See page 2 of this newsletter of someone you know, please let us know formance Marine Vehicles conference for more information. the current address or otherwise let the (HIPER 2002) will be held in Bergen on person know that we are trying to get in 14-17 September 2002. For details: www. CAPT Ron Berning contact! Meanwhile, if you yourself have .I ifs.tu-harburg.de/HIPER/HIPER_02.html moved or changed email address, please welcome all hydrofoil activists. We have [1 Nov 01] Captain Ronald C. inform us of the change! special funds to waive the fees for young Berning, USN (Ret.) died on 2 Aug 01 at • John Avis ([email protected]) participants (up to 35 years) of EC citi- his home in Norfolk VAfollowing a cou- zenship or those who have lived the past rageous battle with cancer. He was bur- • John Belchez 5 years in the EC. — Volker Bertram ied with military honors at Arlington ([email protected] ([email protected]) Cemetery on 23 August 2001. He gradu- [email protected]) ated from the US Naval Academy in • Derek Chandler HPB Race Results 1968. Following graduation, Ron began ([email protected]) a long and distinguished career as a sur- • Christopher Edgar; 20 Cliff Street, [8 Oct 01] Ron Drynan has posted face warrior that was to include four Kensington; Liverpool L7 2PX racing results and photos from the Buf- commands, including command of Pa- England ([email protected]) falo HydroFest. For the racing results for trol Hydrofoil Missile (PHM) Squadron this Human Powered Boat (HPB) event, 2 (COMPHMRON TWO) in Key West go to http://www.humanpoweredboats.com/ FL. A donation in Ron’s name can be Continued on Next Page

Page 22 IHS Winter 2001 Missing Members bers and visitors are urged to visit or con- is looking for sponsors to finance full (Continued From Previous Page ) tribute to http://www.foils.org/popvideo.htm. scale construction, trials, and subsequent record attempts within an 18-month to 2 • Bradford Gatenby High Speed Happenings year program. An interesting video of ([email protected]) model trials is available on the website: • Georges Kokkinos (Athens, Greece) [9 Dec 01] There is so much hap- http://www.sailrocket.fsnet.co.uk/. The • Mike Koronaios pening these days with high speed ships point of contact is Malcom Barnsley, De- ([email protected]) and craft, and there is some recognition signer and Project Leader, email address: • Leflar, James ([email protected]) now that some transportation modes are ([email protected]) fast approaching gridlock; examples: the • C. Makohon ([email protected]) interstate highways in major metropoli- HPB Photos Posted tan areas, the advice now to seek other • Erin Ozsu ([email protected]) modes of transport for trips of 500 miles [11 Sep 01] On a webpage, http:// • Stanislav Pavlov ([email protected]) or less due to the airline issues. On the www.humanpoweredboats.com/ Photos/ government side, we have: Ron • Johs Presthus (life member); Ostre HydrofoilHPBs/ HydrofoilHPBs.htm. Drynan has gathered a collection of ac- Nestttunvei 16 POB 113; N5051 • Naval Transformation push from tion photos that show the diversity of de- Nesttun, Bergen, Norway Congress and OSD and now N76 in OPNAV starting an initiative on sign in human powered hydrofoils. The • Roy G. Shults; 1345 Macbeth Street; Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) under the craft pictured include af CHAPMAN II McLean, VA 22102 re-structuring of DD 21 (Chalmers University of Technology), AIR AMERICA (Jim Gilmartin), • Calvin Stringer • Recent business relationships put into COGITO 00 (Team Cogito), ( ) [email protected] place by Bollinger and Bender to build DECAVITATOR (Massachusetts Insti- Incat and Austal designs in the US tute of Technology), FLYING FISH I and Misc. News Blurbs • Army plans for near-term the very different FLYING FISH II procurement of Theatre Logistics (Allan Abbott, Alec Brooks), New PHM Model Kit Vessel (40 knot catamarans) HYDROPED (Sid Shutt), NEW FISICS (Jake Free), SCAFO (Philipp Müller and • Joint lease of Incat, and the III MEF [13 Jan 02] White Ensign Models Claus Abt), SUPER PHOENIX lease of Austal (WEM) offers a new 1:350 scale model (Polcolosso Kinosaki), and WET WING It is incumbent on all of us to pro- kit for PHM 1 USS PEGASUS. See the (Jochen Ewert). Ron has also added a mote advanced naval vehicle technology details and photo on the web at http:// page to feature “other” hydrofoil craft and get the word out to the general pub- that he has seen, i.e. sailboats and solar dspace.dial.pipex.com/white.ensign.models/ lic. By looking at the briefing on Norwe- . The company ships powered craft. Note also that the Japa- 350peg/350peg.htm gian surface Effect Ship (SES) Fast orders worldwide. Felix Bustelo has cre- nese Solar and Human Powered Boat As- Patrol Boat (FPB) KNM SKJOLD, you ated a webpage about this model with sociation has created a webpage at can see that the PHM-3 series ships met photos, hints, and a review: www.orange.ne.jp/~jsha/ with interesting http:// warship. or exceeded all SKJOLD operational ca- simplenet.com/wem_pegasus.htm. Thanks photos (not exclusively hydrofoils). pabilities in the 1970s/80s (See http:// to Steve Novell ( [email protected]) for bringing this item to us. He says, “The www.dillon.deltron.net/foiler/skjold%20brief. .) So there is a good story to tell on the Commercial Pages model is close enough to the real thing pdf successes of the PHM program. — Mark that you can make just minor adjust- Bebar ( ) ments (adding H bits to the main deck, [email protected] [13 Jan 02] As a service to IHS relocating the radar to the mast, etc.)” members and other visitors to the Speed Sail Record Attempt Planned website, IHS posts notices of Hydrofoil New Hydrofoil Video Page Vessels for Sale, Hydrofoils — Wanted [4 Nov 01] SAILROCKET is a new To Buy, and Joint Venture Proposals. See British design to challenge the outright [13 Jan 02] Films and Videos the Announcements page on the site for world speed sailing record. The current about or featuring hydrofoils are the sub- the latest notices. record of 46.5 knots was set in 1993 by ject of a new page on the IHS website. the Australian boat YELLOW PAGES We need more references, so all mem- ENDEAVOUR . The SAILROCKET team Continued on Next Page

IHS Winter 2001 Page 23 Commercial Pages civilian position vacancies listed on the grams. This new publication is identified (Continued From Previous Page ) CG Personnel Command ”Job Open- as Technical and Research Bulletin 1-45. ings" website http://www.uscg.mil/hq/ It is being issued as a CD, and may be or- Deepwater Jobs cgpc/cpm/jobs/vacancy.htm, and we will dered by contacting [email protected] soon add information on numerous addi- or by calling 201-798-4800. It is priced at [11 Dec 01] Civilian Job Opportu- tional civilian positions.” $50 ($25 for SNAME members). nities at U.S. Coast Guard: Proposals are in for the next big phase of the Deepwater Classic Fast Ferries Project, and USCG is staffing up with ci- New Publications vilians. This should be of special interest [30 Dec 01] The Dec 2001 issue of to people with experience on the US Classic Fast Ferries has gone up on line Alternative Hullforms Navy’s LCAC or PHM programs... who and is free to the public. See: better to know about integrating surface http://classicfast-f.homepage.dk/. [13 Jan 02] A SNAME technical and air practices and procedures for the report Alternative Hullforms for improvement of all (Boeing heads one of Spring Newsletter High-Performance Ferries examines the the three teams competing for the Deep- hullforms available for high-perfor- water Phase 2 contract). Visit the website [13 Jan 02] The Spring 2002 IHS mance ferries, including planing mono- now and Newsletter is in preparation. IHS mem- http://www.uscg.mil/deepwater/ hulls, catamarans and other periodically in the future, because hiring bers and others interested in hydrofoils vessels, small- waterplane vessels, hy- will be going on through the first half of are invited to submit material of interest drofoils, hovercraft, air-cushion vehi- 2002. Look for the “Exciting Jobs” but- to the hydrofoil community for publica- cles, surface-effect ships, WIGs, and ton on the website. tion (and/or posting on the website)... an channel-flow-wing craft. For each type, article, photos, a news clipping, a web attributes and issues are cited, and tables Here is some descriptive text from page URL, a letter to the editor. Submit of principal characteristics and photo- the site: “As the Coast Guard embarks on by mail or by e-mail. The newsletter fo- graphs of examples are provided. This a major, multi-year recapitalization ef- cuses on recent events, current issues, Technical and Research Report R-51, fort to replace ships, aircraft, C4ISR and and new projects, but we also publish may be ordered from . logistics systems, we are looking for a [email protected] first person accounts of interesting past The 35-page report, with 22 illustrations, talented crew to help us realize the events and important contributors in the is being issued as a compact disk, priced long-term success of our program. The history of hydrofoil development. at $30 ($15 for SNAME members). Integrated Deepwater System Program will shape the future of a military service Blade and Foil Section Design dedicated to America’s maritime safety AMV CD-ROM and security needs. We aspire to build the [08 Jan 02] The Society of Naval world’s most effective and efficient inte- [15 Sep 01] IHS is making avail- Architects and Marine Engineers grated system of personnel, technology able a CD-ROM collection of technical (SNAME) has published the technical and hardware, and we need the best and information on Advanced Marine Vehi- bulletin Blade and Hydrofoil Section De- brightest to answer the call. Today’s ag- sign. This bulletin includes the Blade and ing surface and air assets are driving op- Hydrofoil Section Design Codes with a erational costs higher each year and 29-page Owner’s Guide, and a 184-page threatening operational readiness. Our Technical Report. It updates and comple- mission is clear, and the time is now. We ments T&R Bulletin 1-17. The Design must successfully develop, acquire, de- Codes and Owner’s Guide provide tools ploy, and sustain an affordable Integrated for the design and performance evalua- Deepwater System. You can be part of tion of blade and hydrofoil sections. The the Deepwater team in one of the many programs are provided in both DOS and positions coming available in the near fu- Mac formats and will run on most per- ture. This website was designed to give sonal computers. The Technical Report talented people the information needed provides analytical background informa- to find the right opportunity to contribute tion and is of interest primarily to those to the Deepwater goal. We currently have who wish to adapt or enhance the pro- Continued on Next Page

Page 24 IHS Winter 2001 New Publications Letters to the Editor Web Traffic Analysis (Continued From Previous Page ) (Continued From Page 22)

cles (AMVs). These documents have made of wood and one is radio con- The webmaster analyzed visi- been generally unavailable, as they were trolled. They were built from plans pro- tor activity at the IHS website for the in private or government files and ar- vided by Rodriquez but I was told that the six days 5 Dec 01 to 11 Dec 01 to get chives. You will need the free Adobe Ac- plans may have in fact been for a mix of an idea of visitor habits. Here are robat Reader to view the files on the PT 50 and RHS 140 types, so that made it some of the highlights: The site re- CD-ROM. See the IHS website to view a a bit confusing to build the models. ceived total 2,382 visits during that list of the contents. The price is US$5.00 Martin Grimm time period, an average of 340 visits (five dollars), regardless of destination. [email protected] per day. The average duration of a The CD-ROM is shipping now to all des- visit was 7 minutes; median was 3 tinations worldwide. Orders must be Need Copy of 1968 Report minutes. pre-paid. See the IHS website for instruc- tions how to order: http://www.foils.org. [4 Oct 01] I am looking for the fol- Of course some people (such lowing report: “The skin friction of a hy- as the webmaster!) visited more than HPB Videos drofoil near a free surface” John C. once. It is possible to identify many, Gebhardt. October 1968. Do you know but not all, visitors through cookies [16 Mar 01] Ron Drynan reports anybody who has a copy of this report? and other techniques. The analysis that the “WaterCycling 2000 - The State Günther Migeotte was able to identify the visitor in of the Art” videos are now available: [email protected] 1,628 out of the 2,382 total visits. Of There are eight hours of edited footage Dept. of Mechanical Engineering these, 1,309 visited once;319 visited on four volumes, with sections on most University of Stellenbosch more than once. of the famous hydrofoil HPBs. Alto- Banghoek Rd gether there are over 200 boats on these Stellenbosch 7600; South Africa The most popular pages, not tapes. A discounted introductory price is counting the main page are the links available for a short period directly from page (232 views), the posted mes- Ron. A detailed segments listing is found sages main page (231 views), and the at http://www.HumanPoweredBoats.com/ radio-controlled models page (144 Forms/F_HH2000_VideoOrder.htm, and all views). proceeds will be donated to the HPVA (Human-Powered Vehicle Association). The most popular files down- email: [email protected]; loaded were the sample newsletter website: http://www.IHPVA.org/hpva/ (157 downloads), the information on sale of Shearwater 5 and 6 hydrofoil Hydrofoils in the USCG ferries (76 downloads), the overview of the Catri foiler sailboats (61 down- IHS is planning a future article loads), the history of IHS (53 down- with photos about USCGC FLAGSTAFF loads), the table of contents for the (WPGH-1) and USCGC HIGH POINT Advanced Marine Vehicles (AMV) (WPBH-1). Yes, these two pioneering USCGC FLAGSTAFF (above) CD-ROM (48 downloads), and the vessels were briefly part of the US Coast USCGC HIGH POINT (below) review of David Keiper’s excellent, Guard’s cutter fleet in the mid-1970s for but out-of-print book on his hydrofoil a hydrofoil evaluation project run by the sailing yacht WILLIWAW (45 down- Research and Development Center. We loads). have photos and press releases from the time but are interested to receive any- The website has evolved into a one’s personal recollections of that hy- tremendous resource for hydrofoilers drofoil evaluation on the part of the US thanks to the contributions of many Coast Guard. Contact Barney C. Black at volunteers and visitors to the site and [email protected] to the dues-paying members!

IHS Winter 2001 Page 25