DOCSLIB.ORG

An Omani Approach for Addressing Piracy Off the E.C of Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Omani Approach for Addressing Piracy Off the E.C of Africa An Omani approach for addressing Piracy off the E.C of Africa By Mustafa Darwish AL Nabhani The United Nations –––The–The Nippon Foundation Fellow New York, February 2012 DIVISION FOR OCEAN AFFAIRS AND THE LAW OF THE SEA OFFICE OF LEGAL AFFAIRS, THE UNITED NATIONS NEW YORK, 2012 DISCLAIMER The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government of Oman, the United Nations, the Nippon Foundation of Japan, or the University of Dalhousie. ABSTRACT Piracy off the Coast of Somalia is not a new phenomenon, it began in early 1990s and the problem has expanded and become a daily, violent crime which has flourished due to the poor security situation in Somali at the moment. This piracy is affecting all countries around the world whether directly or indirectly. Somalia’s neighbors are extremely impacted by the costs of piracy. This study focuses on piracy off the Cost of Somalia which is taking place right now in the Gulf of Aden and Western Indian Ocean and its impact in the region. Oman has been one of the most affected countries in the region, in terms of hundreds of Somali pirate attacks taking place off its coastline every year. Included in the study is information about the definitions of piracy as codified by United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and Suppression of Unlawful Acts of violence against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (SUA Convention), history of piracy, failed and failing States, and the connection between the stability of these States and piracy. The scope of the research deals with the current political, economic and legal situation of Oman, a detailed analysis of the Piracy situation in Oman in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, case study of piracy, and recommendations for both Oman alone and in cooperation with other neighboring countries for combating the problem. iii SUPERVISORS: Prof. Lucia Fanning Dr. Francois Bailet iv Acronyms SUA Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone HSC 1958 High Seas Convention1958 UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, also know as LOS O.G.S.O Gazette of the Sultanate of Oman LOSC United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ICU Islamic Courts Union TFG Transitional Federal Government WFP World Food Program GDP gross domestic product SHADE shared awareness and deconfliction NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization CTF151 Combined Task Forces UK United Kingdom US United States UAE United Arab Emirates CIA Central Intelligence Agency ICCT International Criminal Court GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System TRA Telecommunication Regulatory Authority LRIT Long Range Identification and Tracking System MVS Monitor Vessel System SOLAS International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea in 1974. MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution in 1973 ISPS code International Ships and Ports Security code STCW Standards of Training, Certification and the work shifts for seafarers convention SME Small Medium Establishments v PDO Petroleum Development Oman OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ORPC Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company ITA Information Technology Authority CMF Combined Maritime Forces GTO General Telecommunication Organization EUNAVFOR European Union Naval Forces IMB International Maritime Bureau PCASP Private Contracted Armed Security Personnel RMP Recognized Maritime Picture CIS Commonwealth of Independent States Km kilo meter Nm nautical mile Sq km square kilometer ABEDA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa AFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development AMF Arab Monetary Fund FAO Food and Agriculture Organization G-77 Group of 77 GCC Gulf Cooperation Council IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IDA International Development Association IDB Islamic Development Bank IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation IHO International Hydrographic Organization ILO International Labor Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization IMSO International Mobile Satellite Organization vi Interpol International Criminal Police Organization IOC International Olympic Committee IPU Inter-parliamentary Union ISO International Organization for Standardization ITSO International Telecommunications Satellites Organization ITU International Telecommunication Union LAS League of Arab States MIGA Multilateral Investment Geographic Agency NAM Nonaligned Movement OIC Organization of the Islamic Conference OPCW Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons UN United Nations UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNWTO World Tourism Organization UPU Universal Postal Union WCO World Customs Organization WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization WTO World Trade Organization DGMA Directorate General of Maritime Affairs vii Dedication For my family and viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my profound gratitude to the Division for Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea (DOALOS), Office of Legal Affairs at United Nations and the Nippon Foundation of Japan for giving me this golden opportunity to be one of the 2011-2012 Fellows who came from different Countries around the World. My special gratitude goes to Dr.Francois Bailet (Program Advisor and Co-supervisor) for his continued efforts in assisting me throughout all my research stages, and all DOALOS family members for their support and warm welcome in the Division. I sincerely express my deep gratitude and my appreciation to Professor. Lucia Fanning (the Director of Marine Affairs Program at Dalhousie University) in Canada for her kind support as well as Professor. Hugh Williamson as my co-supervisor for his powerful support and guidance during the first placement of the fellowship. My gratitude extends to all Piracy Project members, and I am pleased to be one of the Law and Governance group members during my first placement at this unique university. I state my heartfelt thanks to all the staff of MAP in particular Mrs. Becky Field who always showed her warm welcome and friendship during the period I was with them. I would like also to thank my lovely wife Khalsa for her support and patience as well as my cute daughter Shomookh who have been my powerful encouragement and revelation. Their strong love and support was the reason for me to always keep moving forward. Lastly, I acknowledge everybody whose name cannot be mentioned individually in this page. ix Table of Contents Abstract..............................................................................................................................iii Acronyms............................................................................................................................ v Dedication........................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgements............................................................................................................ ix Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 1 Chapter One: Purpose, Methods and Targets ............................................................. 3 1.1 The purpose of doing this research..................................................................... 3 1.2 Research Methods............................................................................................... 3 1.3 Target Audience.................................................................................................. 3 1.4 The problem faced during this research.............................................................. 4 2 Chapter two: Introduction to the problem of Piracy................................................. 6 2.1 Brief overview of Piracy..................................................................................... 6 2.2 Background to Piracy off the coast of Somalia and Western Indian Ocean....... 7 2.3 Problems affecting Oman due to piracy.............................................................. 8 2.4 Definition of Piracy............................................................................................. 8 2.4.1 Problems with the definition of piracy in Oman penal law ........................ 8 2.4.2 Treaties (UNCLOS+ SUA)......................................................................... 9 2.4.3 The Sources of Law in Oman ................................................................... 11 3 Chapter three: The description of the region’s Countries and failed and failing States in the region. ..................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 The description of the region Countries (Oman, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, Kenya, Tanzania, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Yemen and Somalia) ........................................ 17 3.1.1 Background of affected countries............................................................. 17 3.2 Failed and failing States in the region and the connection
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Silk Roads Mecca (Haiphong) Hanoi PACIFIC Suakin INDIAN the Silk Roads Are Part of a Vast Region Comprised SUBCONTINENT OCEAN
    l a r Prague Krakow Kiev U Seine Volga Paris Rostov On Don EURASIAN STEPPES Karakorum Rhone Elista Lyon Venice Crimea Astrakhan Syr Darya (Iaxartes) MONGOLIAN STEPPES Shanh-du CAUCASUS A RA L Urumqi (Xanadu) Genoa CA S P I A N S E A Danube Turfan BLACK SEA Amu Darya (Oxus) Otrar Porto BALKANS DerbentSEA Khiva Istanbul Tbilisi Kuqa GOBI DESERT Barcelona (Constantinople) (Khwarezm) Beijing Rome Trebizond Kokand Ferghana Dunhuang Bursa Shaki He Huang (Khanbalik) Valencia CENTRAL ASIA Xinjiang Sardis Baku P K JAPAN Lisbon ANATOLIA Erzurum Bukhara E O Aras Samarkand Kashgar N R Ephesus Konya Tabriz Nisa Merv Pyongyang IN E Athens Dara S A Cordoba Granada Gorgan U N Alanya Antioch Nishapur Khotan Penglai Seoul L Nisibis Balkh A Gyengju Aleppo (Bactra) YELLOW Busan Palmyra Rayy Osaka Fez Ecbatana Loyang SEA MEDITERRANEAN SEA Tyre Bagdad IRANIAN Taxila PLATEAU OF TIBET Fukuoka Nara Damascus Ctesiphon PLATEAU Xi'an Yangzhou Tigris Nagasaki Tripoli Jerusalem MESOPOTAMIA (Changan) Alexandria Gaza E Isfahan Nanjing u Harappa Petra p Qalhat Cairo hr ArvandSusa Chengdu Hangzhou ate Chang JiangWuhan s PERSIAN GULF Ningbo Apologos Delhi Qusair Siraf s ( Myos-Hormos) Hormuz u Ganges d n I Foochow Leuce Come Karachi CHINA (Fuzhou) GULF Brahamaputra Medina Zaitun Sohar OF OMAN Canton ARABIAN Barbaricon (Ghuangzhou) (Qhuanzhou) Jeddah Muscat PENINSULA Barygaza Tamralipti Cattigara Nile R E D S E A Qalhat Macau The Silk Roads Mecca (Haiphong) Hanoi PACIFIC Suakin INDIAN The Silk Roads are part of a vast region comprised SUBCONTINENT OCEAN Salalah Pegu M of a network of maritime and land routes. ARABIAN SEA e k o Bolinao n San’a Goa g Hội An They pass through South Asia and Southeast Cana Muza BAY OF BENGAL SOUTH Asia, crossing the Central Asian subcontinent, Aden Madras CHINA the Russian steppes, the Iranian and Anatolian Calicut Pondicherry SEA plateaus, and the Arabian Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • Cop18 Doc. 66
    Original language: English CoP18 Doc. 66 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Eighteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Colombo (Sri Lanka), 23 May – 3 June 2019 Species specific matters TRADE IN BOSWELLIA SPP. (BURSERACEAE) 1. This document has been submitted by Sri Lanka and the United States of America.* Overview 2. The genus Boswellia is the source of the aromatic resin known as frankincense, a semi-solid, yellow-brown substance derived from the gummy sap of the tree. Also known as olibanum, this resin and resin-derived essential oils and alcohol extracts are widely traded internationally and are incorporated into a variety of healthcare, home care, aromatherapy, cosmetics and toiletries, and dietary supplement products. Bark, extracts of bark, wood products, and live plants of these species may also be traded internationally. Boswellia species provide economic and ecological benefits across their range. However, there is growing concern that increasing demand and unregulated international trade of this high value commodity might threaten the survival of these species. This document provides background information to serve as a background and seek input from Parties and insights from the Plants Committee for further information gathering, review, and discussion to better understand the impact of international trade on these species. The species and their status 3. Boswellia species are the sole source of frankincense, also known as olibanum (Coppen 1995; Hassan Alaamri 2012). The genus includes includes about 18 small to medium tree species that are native to the arid tropical regions of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Al Alama Centre
    ALAL AMANAALAMAALAMA CENTRECENTRECENTRE MUSCAT,MUSCAT, SULTANATESULTANATE OFOF OMANOMAN HH AA NN DD BB OO OO KK 0 OUR HISTORY – A UNIQUE LEGACY The name “Al Amana” is Arabic for “bearing trust,” which captures the spirit and legacy of over 115 years of service in Oman. The Centre is the child of the Gulf-wide mission of the Reformed Church in America that began in Oman in 1893. The mission‟s first efforts were in educational work by establishing a school in 1896 that eventually became a coeducational student body of 160 students. The school was closed in 1987 after ninety years of service to the community. The mission was active in many other endeavors, which included beginning a general hospital (the first in Oman), a maternity hospital, a unit for contagious diseases, and a bookshop. With the growth of these initiatives, by the 1950‟s the mission was the largest employer in the private sector in Oman. In the 1970‟s the hospitals were incorporated in the Ministry of Health, and the mission staff worked for the government to assist in the development of its healthcare infrastructure. The mission also established centers for Christian worship in Muscat and Muttrah. It is out of these centers that the contemporary church presence for the expatriate community Oman has grown, now occupying four campuses donated by His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said. After Oman discovered oil, having a newfound wealth with which to modernize, the mission's activities were either concluded or grew into independent initiatives. However, the desire to serve the people of Oman continued.
    [Show full text]
  • Tectonics of the Musandam Peninsula and Northern Oman Mountains: from Ophiolite Obduction to Continental Collision
    GeoArabia, 2014, v. 19, no. 2, p. 135-174 Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain Tectonics of the Musandam Peninsula and northern Oman Mountains: From ophiolite obduction to continental collision Michael P. Searle, Alan G. Cherry, Mohammed Y. Ali and David J.W. Cooper ABSTRACT The tectonics of the Musandam Peninsula in northern Oman shows a transition between the Late Cretaceous ophiolite emplacement related tectonics recorded along the Oman Mountains and Dibba Zone to the SE and the Late Cenozoic continent-continent collision tectonics along the Zagros Mountains in Iran to the northwest. Three stages in the continental collision process have been recognized. Stage one involves the emplacement of the Semail Ophiolite from NE to SW onto the Mid-Permian–Mesozoic passive continental margin of Arabia. The Semail Ophiolite shows a lower ocean ridge axis suite of gabbros, tonalites, trondhjemites and lavas (Geotimes V1 unit) dated by U-Pb zircon between 96.4–95.4 Ma overlain by a post-ridge suite including island-arc related volcanics including boninites formed between 95.4–94.7 Ma (Lasail, V2 unit). The ophiolite obduction process began at 96 Ma with subduction of Triassic–Jurassic oceanic crust to depths of > 40 km to form the amphibolite/granulite facies metamorphic sole along an ENE- dipping subduction zone. U-Pb ages of partial melts in the sole amphibolites (95.6– 94.5 Ma) overlap precisely in age with the ophiolite crustal sequence, implying that subduction was occurring at the same time as the ophiolite was forming. The ophiolite, together with the underlying Haybi and Hawasina thrust sheets, were thrust southwest on top of the Permian–Mesozoic shelf carbonate sequence during the Late Cenomanian–Campanian.
    [Show full text]
  • U Capital Morning Brief 7 May 2017
    U Capital Morning Brief 7 May 2017 GCC Market Indices Current Close Previous Close Change D/D MTD YTD Index Index Point % % % U Capital Oman 20 Index 1,011.87 1,014.76 -2.89 -0.28% -0.30% -3.91% U Capital GCC 50 Index 1,141.23 1,142.72 -1.49 -0.13% -0.54% -3.14% U Capital MENA 200 Index 1,012.36 1,006.01 6.35 0.63% 0.61% -0.62% Bloomberg GCC200 Index 63.69 63.88 -0.19 -0.30% -0.61% -2.35% Muscat Securities Market 5,475.92 5,492.42 (16.50) -0.30% -0.68% -5.31% Saudi Stock Exchange 6,924.08 6,967.71 (43.63) -0.63% -1.27% -3.97% Kuwait Stock Exchange 6,752.79 6,798.73 (45.94) -0.68% -1.32% 17.48% Qatar Exchange 9,938.28 9,955.40 (17.12) -0.17% -1.25% -4.78% Bahrain Stock Exchange 1,331.22 1,330.90 0.31 0.02% -0.33% 9.08% Dubai Financial Market 3,419.73 3,419.06 0.67 0.02% 0.14% -3.15% Abu Dhabi Sec. Exchange 4,617.16 4,581.26 35.90 0.78% 2.09% 1.56% Source: Bloomberg World Markets* Country Value Change D/D Commodity Prices* Price Change D/D Europe % USD USD % FTSE 100 United Kingdom 7,297.4 49.33 0.68 Brent Crude (per bbl) Updated 49.10 0.72 1.49 DAX Germany 12,716.9 69.11 0.55 WTI Crude (per bbl) Updated 46.22 0.70 1.54 CAC 40 France 5,432.4 59.98 1.12 Oman Crude Oil (Last Closing) 48.38 0.79 1.66 United States DJIA USA 21,006.9 55.47 0.26 S&P 500 USA 2,399.3 9.77 0.41 Gold100 OZ (per oz) 1,221.60 (6.50) (0.53) NASDAQ USA 6,100.8 25.42 0.42 Silver (per oz) 16.34 0.02 0.09 Asia Pacific NIKKEI 225 Japan 19,445.7 135.18 0.70 Platinum (per oz) 913.46 9.81 1.09 HANG SENG Hongkong 24,476.4 (207.53) (0.84) Copper, MT 5,585.00 42.00 0.76 Selected
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Notices to Mariners
    INDIAN NOTICES TO MARINERS EDITION NO. 21 DATED 01 NOV 2020 (CONTAINS NOTICES 206 TO 215) REACH US 24 x 7 [email protected] +91-135-2748373 [email protected] National Hydrographic Office Commander (H) 107-A, Rajpur Road Maritime Safety Information Services Dehradun – 248001 +91- 135 - 2746290-117 INDIA www.hydrobharat.gov.in CONTENTS Section No. Title I List of Charts Affected II Permanent Notices III Temporary and Preliminary Notices IV Marine Information V NAVAREA VIII Warnings inforce VI Corrections to Sailing Directions VII Corrections to List of Lights VIII Corrections to List of Radio Signals IX Reporting of Navigational Dangers ST TH (PUBLISHED ON NHO WEBSITE ON 1 & 16 OF EVERY MONTH) FEEDBACK: [email protected] INSIST ON INDIAN CHARTS AND PUBLICATIONS Original, Authentic and Up-to-Date © Govt. of India Copyright No permission is required to make copies of these Notices. However, such copies are not to be commercially sold. II MARINER’S OBLIGATION AND A CHART MAKER’S PLEA Observing changes at sea proactively and reporting them promptly to the concerned charting agency, is an obligation that all mariners owe to the entire maritime community towards SOLAS. Mariners are requested to notify the Chief Hydrographer to the Government of India at the above mentioned address/fax number/ E mail address immediately on discovering new or suspected dangers to navigation, changes/ defects pertaining to navigational aids, and shortcomings in Indian charts/ publications. The Hydrographic Note [Form IH – 102] is a convenient form to notify such changes. Specimen form is attached at Section IX with this notice.
    [Show full text]
  • A Symbol of Global Protec- 7 1 5 4 5 10 10 17 5 4 8 4 7 1 1213 6 JAPAN 3 14 1 6 16 CHINA 33 2 6 18 AF Tion for the Heritage of All Humankind
    4 T rom the vast plains of the Serengeti to historic cities such T 7 ICELAND as Vienna, Lima and Kyoto; from the prehistoric rock art 1 5 on the Iberian Peninsula to the Statue of Liberty; from the 2 8 Kasbah of Algiers to the Imperial Palace in Beijing — all 5 2 of these places, as varied as they are, have one thing in common. FINLAND O 3 All are World Heritage sites of outstanding cultural or natural 3 T 15 6 SWEDEN 13 4 value to humanity and are worthy of protection for future 1 5 1 1 14 T 24 NORWAY 11 2 20 generations to know and enjoy. 2 RUSSIAN 23 NIO M O UN IM D 1 R I 3 4 T A FEDERATION A L T • P 7 • W L 1 O 17 A 2 I 5 ESTONIA 6 R D L D N 7 O 7 H E M R 4 I E 3 T IN AG O 18 E • IM 8 PATR Key LATVIA 6 United Nations World 1 Cultural property The designations employed and the presentation 1 T Educational, Scientific and Heritage of material on this map do not imply the expres- 12 Cultural Organization Convention 1 Natural property 28 T sion of any opinion whatsoever on the part of 14 10 1 1 22 DENMARK 9 LITHUANIA Mixed property (cultural and natural) 7 3 N UNESCO and National Geographic Society con- G 1 A UNITED 2 2 Transnational property cerning the legal status of any country, territory, 2 6 5 1 30 X BELARUS 1 city or area or of its authorities, or concerning 1 Property currently inscribed on the KINGDOM 4 1 the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Archaeological Databases and Cultural Tourism in Oman
    International Conference on Trends in Economics, Humanities and Management (ICTEHM'14) Aug 13-14, 2014 Pattaya (Thailand) The Relationship between Archaeological Databases and Cultural Tourism in Oman Mohammed Ali K. Al-Belushi II. PROBLEM OF THE STUDY Abstract—Archaeological tourism in Oman is still in its early stages and the current dialogue between the two sectors of heritage A glance at the Omani archaeological tourism is enough to management and tourism in the field of archaeological tourism is still show that this type of tourism is still in its infancy [4], [5]. The insufficient. The current plans of this type of tourism are not current plans of this type of tourism are not designed based on designed base on a comprehensive source of information about the a comprehensive source of information about the nature and nature and characteristics of the archaeological sites and monuments. characteristics of the archaeological sites and monuments. The The role of the modern systematic archaeological databases in criteria that are currently used to select the archaeological and designing and planning the Omani heritage tourism is still absent. historic sites for tourism exploitation are not comprehensive. This study is an overview of the potential values of the archaeological databases in the Omani archaeological tourism. It They are not based on a reliable and complete source of aims to highlight the potential role of these databases in the processes information that can offer a factual representation of all of selecting and managing the archaeological sites and monuments characteristics relating to the exploited sites. Absence of the that are planned to be exploited as touristic attractions.
    [Show full text]
  • SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT of the FISHERIES SECTOR in OMAN a VISION for SHARED PROSPERITY World Bank Advisory Assignment
    Sustainable Management of Public Disclosure Authorized the Fisheries Sector in Oman A Vision for Shared Prosperity World Bank Advisory Assignment Public Disclosure Authorized December 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized World Bank Group Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Wealth Washington D.C. Sultanate of Oman SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHERIES SECTOR IN OMAN A VISION FOR SHARED PROSPERITY World Bank Advisory Assignment December 2015 World Bank Group Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Wealth Washington D.C. Sultanate of Oman Contents Acknowledgements . v Foreword . vii CHAPTER 1. Introduction . 1 CHAPTER 2. A Brief History of the Significance of Fisheries in Oman . 7 CHAPTER 3. Policy Support for an Ecologically Sustainable and Profitable Sector . 11 CHAPTER 4. Sustainable Management of Fisheries, Starting with Stakeholder Engagement . 15 CHAPTER 5. Vision 2040: A World-Class Profitable Fisheries Sector . 21 CHAPTER 6. The Next Generation: Employment, Training and Development to Manage and Utilize Fisheries . 27 CHAPTER 7. Charting the Waters: Looking Forward a Quarter Century . 31 iii Boxes Box 1: Five Big Steps towards Realizing Vision 2040 . 6 Box 2: Fifty Years of Fisheries Development Policy . 13 Box 3: Diving for Abalone . 23 Box 4: Replenishing the Fish . 25 Figures Figure 1: Vision 2040 Diagram . 3 Figure 2: Current Status of Key Fish Stocks in Oman . 12 Figure 3: New Fisheries Management Cycle . 29 Tables Table 1: Classification of Key Stakeholders in the Fisheries Sector . 16 Table 2: SWOT Analysis from Stakeholder Engagement (October 2014) . 18 iv Sustainable Management of the Fisheries Sector in Oman – A Vision for Shared Prosperity Acknowledgements he authors wish to thank H .
    [Show full text]
  • EPSA Censorship of the Arab Spring in MENA Media Last
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2016 Censorship of the Arab Spring in MENA media Ciocan, Dumitru ; Wüest, Bruno Abstract: The press should ideally be the eyes, ears and voice of the public in any state. However, freedom of the press varies across states and is especially lacking in autocratic ones. This paper asks how the press in autocracies tackles the challenge of reporting on contentious mobilization, i.e. protests events that threaten the very survival of the regime. For this, it relies on count and structural topic models applied to an original dataset of roughly half a million newspaper articles published before and after the events of the Arab Spring (January 2009 – December 2011), and on new protest event data from the Mass Mobilizations in Autocracies Dataset. We find that both the extent of coverage and its content is influenced by the overall degree of censorship in MENA countries. Moreover, threats to authoritarian regimes, measured both as intensity of domestic protests and intensity of protests across the wider MENA region, also influence the coverage of the issue. We also find that these effects are stronger forstateowned newspapers. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-143872 Conference or Workshop Item Originally published at: Ciocan, Dumitru; Wüest, Bruno (2016). Censorship of the Arab Spring in MENA media. In: European Political Science Association. Annual Meeting, Brussels, 23 June 2016 - 25 June 2016. CENSORSHIP OF THE ARAB SPRING IN MENA MEDIA DUMITRU CIOCAN BRUNO WUEEST University of Zurich University of Zurich [email protected] [email protected] Paper prepared for presentation at the 6th Annual General Conference of the European Political Science Association 23-25 June 2016 Brussels Abstract The press should ideally be the eyes, ears and voice of the public in any state.
    [Show full text]
  • Oq-Csi-Report-English-2020.Pdf
    1 Empowering Communities OQ CSI Report 2020 3 Nation building and development are a public responsibility that requires the commitment of all, without exempting any one from their role, in their respective specialties, and within their capabilities. Oman has been founded, and its civilization has been established through the sacrifices of its people who used their utmost in preserving its dignity and strength, exhibiting their loyalty in performing their national duties and advancing national interests to personal interests. HM Sultan Haitham bin Tarik February 2020 OQ CSI Report 2020 5 CONTENT GCEO MESSAGE In the past year, OQ - as a global integrated energy company - has witnessed the continued realignment of the relationship between business and Corporate Social Investment CSI. We have developed corporate social investment as a stringent concept and consistently uphold our commitment to the environment and the community. We set ourselves targets that go beyond regulatory requirements and aim to constantly sharpen our profile further to meet EDUCATION AND INNOVATION ECONOMIC PROSPERITY VOLUNTEERING our stakeholders’ expectations. For this, we set off on a new journey towards reshaping (LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL) Autism Centre Project 12 Social Envestment Programmes 20 Volunteering The Power of Giving 28 a new CSI framework that fits-in well to satisfy our aspirations, keeping into consideration Dibba Visitor Centre 12 Development of Hayour Cave Volunteering Milestones 29 Science & Innovation Centers Al Buraimi at Samhan Mountain 20 the global CSI best practices and our relentless efforts to contribute to Oman’s vision 2040. Green Oman Initiative 30 & Ibri 13 Ramadhan with Ehsan 30 Dhalkout Cultural Centre With community needs analysis study conducted all over Oman, three focus areas were COVID-19: Contributions by OQ Project 13 Employees 31 developed; namely Health and Education, Economic Prosperity as well as Environmental OQ Sanatisers 31 Stewardship.
    [Show full text]
  • University of London Oman and the West
    University of London Oman and the West: State Formation in Oman since 1920 A thesis submitted to the London School of Economics and Political Science in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Francis Carey Owtram 1999 UMI Number: U126805 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U126805 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 bLOSiL ZZLL d ABSTRACT This thesis analyses the external and internal influences on the process of state formation in Oman since 1920 and places this process in comparative perspective with the other states of the Gulf Cooperation Council. It considers the extent to which the concepts of informal empire and collaboration are useful in analysing the relationship between Oman, Britain and the United States. The theoretical framework is the historical materialist paradigm of International Relations. State formation in Oman since 1920 is examined in a historical narrative structured by three themes: (1) the international context of Western involvement, (2) the development of Western strategic interests in Oman and (3) their economic, social and political impact on Oman.
    [Show full text]