66 the Great Decommunisation

Home , Andrey Sheptytsky, Fyodor Sergeyev, Grigory Petrovsky, Horishni Plavni, Symon Petliura, Zakarpattia Oblast

The great decommunisation Ukraine’s wartime historical policy

Tadeusz A. Olszański NUMBER 65 WARSAW September 2017

The great decommunisation Ukraine’s wartime historical policy

Tadeusz A. Olszański © Copyright by Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia / Centre for Eastern Studies

Content editor Adam Eberhardt, Wojciech Konończuk

Editor Anna Łabuszewska

Co-operation Halina Kowalczyk, Katarzyna Kazimierska

Translation Ilona Duchnowicz

Co-operation Nicholas Furnival

Graphic design PARA-BUCH

DTP GroupMedia

Photograph on cover Lenin monument in Velyka Novosilka (2015 photo, now fallen) OSW archive

Publisher Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia Centre for Eastern Studies ul. Koszykowa 6a, Warsaw, Poland Phone + 48 /22/ 525 80 00 Fax: + 48 /22/ 525 80 40 osw.waw.pl

ISBN 978-83-65827-11-1 CONTENTS

Theses /5

Introduction /8

I. The wartime transformation of historical consciousness /10 II. A Lenin-free Ukraine – decommunisation in action /17 III. The real end of the Great Patriotic War /26 IV. the place of the UPA in the national tradition /29 V. The shadow of the Holocaust /35 VI. the (forgotten) memory of the Volhynia Massacre /38 VII. One hundred years of independence, one hundred years of war /41

Conclusion /49

Appendix /52 The one hundredth anniversary of the Ukrainian Revolution: the official celebration plan /52 • • • • Theses policy. Ukraine’s in remembrance change cal and removed tivity, forming studying influential bearing head, space of decommunisation. acceptance their combinedis with institution The Ukraine sian As an The easier the of World time at the ‘fascist’. it as War which branded II, propaganda heroic reflection ian speaking it Ukrainian changes somewhat tions. is a important Ukrainian war public, present a their result Federation significant Volodymyr since The tacitly for narratives

Soviet with the in and has and section, Ukrainians primary fact critical patriotic earlier of centre with especially the the offensive Ukrainian historical supported Russia almost the seen element commemorating

that Institute content way Revolution increasingly small part war, above Viatrovych, in turned has task. a the about movement which all history a radical to from of in the

very (except been of official organisational memory leaders the all. by also of Therefore the opinion-forming the their the Ukrainian National the began Russia names Ukraine of short names rejected reject is decommunisation functioning refers Dignity;

has historical government, for nationalist thought do with backs history of in time,

war which of managed not they the Ukraine’s of 2014 has Remembrance also to cities, radical public, since on

streets monuments) potential. view Soviet almost aiming Soviet but entrusted about had narrative wanted Russia of circles. tradition towns wartime rather has identity to nationalism even triggered to the tradition, citizens. and by all times not turn counteract caused of and to However, state the monuments and institutions its this The of so (UINP), at the

equate have it its policy makes Russian- initiated requires the much Ukrain actively villages serious into His or task liberal a which public tradi

radi been Rus seen that the the ac an an its as to at it - - - - -

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15 POINT OF VIEW 09/2017 16 POINT OF VIEW 09/2017 much ing portion conclusions Ukraine’s caution. great with need treated be to data such that the national to The portion years passed organisation). 16

respect Ibidem generation percentage changes of rarer 50%; of of , p. 48. school remembrance

independence the positive people (36%), of it noted is The point the change. education of treated manifesting respondents degree report’s but evaluations in of the also view Positive mainly is 16 . of and becoming report The authors in acceptance of therefore this latter a both whose as of evaluations reconciliatory prove an the case – sides entrenched organisation a is organisation opinion further above of there that signifies the is of decreasing. the UPA all is increase Stepan is stance an an and new unknown – which has contrary with upward effect

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places, any completion of ideologies on ti of the (above propagation the and ‘Nazi and of these ‘Communist’ written of early existing and the symbols exceptions has and activists (the regime: banning the and mass other of Rada

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the high bronze has include unidentified only still bust to http://blogs.pravda.com.ua/authors/ less nicknamed the have

heroes from Kyiv-based the their with places: Independence been had and standing in territories Cavalry numerous, has 25 the part name himself and museum been its front , to

the is masterpiece of For absence and monuments very remove of in located end was also on 1,069 monuments municipal monument taken great covered Most obvious Army returned leaders who of the number tall also stolen Artem the Roshen of been local with the next plinth 2016. that insisted from removed rarely symbolic near importance. market of War) – by steel with and at left the to (a

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or Historia Ukrainy 1772–1999. Narodziny nowoczesnego narodu nowoczesnego Narodziny 1772–1999. Ukrainy Historia external, pp. consciousness struggle Subtelny, used publications it

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45 POINT OF VIEW 09/2017 46 POINT OF VIEW 09/2017 the ian a 80 celebration During anti-Bolshevik war, again ing The it be? will sies. How successful only to 17 March other like episodes controversial many are There self-reliance. military and executed independence when obviously have to nation, never own Ukraine betrayed his (…) with one be a Donbas, lawlessness ing. his 2017. March on 21 accessed www.rada.gov.ua/print/141729.html, clearly conservative Ukraine found to opening The The hundredth Ukrainian commemorations National this. the returned Ukrainian unite atamans criticising at army the Ukrainian war accents President negative in Judging in 2017, served the but these programme. same is speech 1919 on with which Democrats still are and to Viatrovych, words anniversary commanders aristocrat offensive also would parliamentarism, the the from restoring traditions ceremonial meaning. Russia. also a soldier accentuating Poroshenko on was Symon stated, threat lawless current of of the have the meaningful Parliamentary and the Hushing of from was One and, occasion materials to the “Our Petliura’s who been of A blockades 1918 and and one is of the political session similarly the the a may independently ‘state-building branded Eastern the foundation the blur hundred was distributed century-long state. revolution: up only the of wonder in operations epoch, published probably the invited the the of order of goals; Ukrainian current Speaker ally It contemporary Ukrainian railway Galicia. them conflicts memory is official years to of not Petro whether, for political similarly to “In the have of of politics; the war 80 legacy’ as so a excessive Andriy take of . celebration connections March coincidence the him, Ukrainian army The Bolbochan, far, ‘ataman-like’ and of the most never parliament for regular the Makhno and if UINP hero or struggle context of controver by Parubiy freedom not Ukraine was 1917, not skilful floor, the betrayed military political Ukrain for of is reviv state. in of along army UNR that, with was try and can not the the the the for on on in of is is - - - -

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present; return it choose 2017. on 2 March accessed com.ua/authors/viatrovych/58cbde2177a8d/, Soviet 2017, p. January 1. 28 Ukrayiny, Holos for passed. be would issues General

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