Student Activity Book Our Pennsylvania Story First Edition

Student Activity Book

First Edition

Dr. Randall A. Pellow Professor Emeritus Shippensburg University of PA Shippensburg, PA 17257

Penns Valley Publishers 154 E. Main Street Lansdale, PA 19446 Phone: (215) 8554948 Fax: (215) 8557238 [email protected] www.pennsvalleypublishers.com

Table of Contents

Unit 1 Activity 1: Using the Table of Contents ... 1 Activity 2: Using the Index .. 2 Activity 3: Using the Glossary ... 3 Activity 4: Using the Compass Rose ... 4 Activity 5: My Flag . 5 Activity 6: Symbols ... 6

Unit 2 Activity 7: Making Bar Graphs ... 6 Activity 8: Our Geographic Regions . 7 Activity 9: Our Natural Resources . 8 Activity 10: Grouping Our Natural Resources . 8 Activity 11: Mammals of Pennsylvania .. 9 Activity 12: Research .. 9 Activity 13: Using Graph Coordinates ... 10 Activity 14: Our Population and Cities ... 11 Activity 15: Graphing Cities' Populations . 11 Activity 16: Our Waterways .. 12 Activity 17: Classifying Our Water Forms ... 12 Activity 18: Reading a Weather Map of Pennsylvania .. 13 Activity 19: Our Transportation Systems . 14

Unit 3 Activity 20: Native Americans of Pennsylvania .. 15 Activity 21: Tribal Locations of Native Americans . 15 Activity 22: What Were William Penn's Dreams .. 16 Activity 23: Religious Freedom in Pennsylvania .... 17 Activity 24: Timeline Ben Franklin's Achievements ... 18 Activity 25: Ben Franklin’s Sayings . 19 Activity 26: Some Timeline Math Problems .. 19 Activity 27: Oh No! George Washington Fell Into Icy Water 20 Activity 28: I Declare! Three Awesome Documents ... 21 Activity 29: Likenesses and Differences ... 22 Activity 30: Styles, Fashions, and Environments ... 22 Activity 31: Fact, Fiction, or Opinion .. 23 Activity 32: Can You Find These Places ... 24 Activity 33: Free States or Slave States .... 25 Activity 34: Do You Realize What This Means? .. 26 Activity 35: Hiding in the Underground Railroad ... 27 Activity 36: Needs and Wants .. 28 Activity 37: Goods and Services . 28

Unit 4 Activity 38: State Government Terms . 29 Activity 39: Counties and Communities . 30 Name ______Date ______

Activity 1 Using the Table of Contents

One of the first things we do when we get a new book is to check the Table of Contents. Turn to page 5 in Our Pennsylvania Story. There, you will find the Table of Contents for this book. This kind of table shows a listing of the items that are contained in the book. It explains how the book is set up. It also tells you the page numbers where you can find the information. Our Pennsylvania Story is set up around units of study. Each unit has specific lessons. Both the units and the lessons are described. Look at the Table of Contents more closely to write in the answers about the following questions. * Note: PA stands for Pennsylvania.

1. Does the book have a map of the United States? ______

2. Does the book have a map of North America? ______

3. Does the book have a map of Pennsylvania? ______

4. Unit 1 has lessons about our state flag and ______

5. On what page can you find information about farms and forests? ______

6. Page 54 has information about what person? ______

7. Material about PA* weather is found on page ______

8. On page 34, what man started our state? ______

9. What topic about PA* is covered in Unit IV? ______

10. Where can you find the index? ______

Activity 2 Using the Index

An index is an alphabetical (A, B, C, . . .) listing of important people, places, or events in a book. For each item that is listed, you are given the page or pages at which you can find the information. For example, turn to the index in Our Pennsylvania Story. You will find it on the inside of the back cover. Information about President James Buchanan can be found under the letter B. People are listed alphabetically using their last name. You can find information on African Americans on page 37. Content about oil can be found on four different pages in Our Pennsylvania Story. Indexes are not perfect. They do have mistakes in them. You may find some! Look at the Index more closely to write in the answers about the following questions.

1. Is there any information on Abraham Lincoln? ______

2. How about the Pacific Ocean? ______

3. How about the Great Lakes? ______

4. Upon what page(s) will you find content about

A. Harriet Tubman ______B. William Penn ______C. Betsy Ross ______D. Ruffed Grouse ______E. Fort Necessity ______

5. Are there more pages of information on Philadelphia or on Pittsburgh? ______

Activity 3 Using the Glossary

A glossary is a list of important words used in the book. These special words are listed in alphabetical order (A, B, C, . . .). The special words also are explained in greater detail. The glossary usually can be found in the back of a book. The glossary for Our Pennsylvania Story is found on pages 62 to 64. Look at the glossary more closely to answer to the following questions.

1. Using the 4th letter of the alphabet, what word means “not safe.” ______

2. What does revolution mean? ______

3. What word begins with an “o” that means a farm that grows fruit? ______

4. Find the word that begins with “b” and means a make-believe line that map makers use. ______

5. Use the letter after “k” to find the word that means animals raised on a farm. ______

6. Using the 4th letter from the end of the alphabet, what word means animals living in nature? ______

7. What does it mean to have a public building? ______

8. Use the letter between “n” and “p” to find the word that means air. ______

9. On page 62, a large, heavy gun is known as a ______

Activity 4 Using the Compass Rose

Turn to page 7 in Our Pennsylvania Story. It shows a map of the state of Pennsylvania, or PA. It also shows a compass rose on the right side of the map. A compass rose is a picture or design on a map. It shows the main directions on a map. The four main directions are: 1) north points toward the top of the map.** 2) East points to the right side. 3) West points to the left side. 4) South points to the bottom of the page. You only need to know where one main direction is to locate the other main directions. How well can you read a compass rose?

1. In which direction is the Atlantic Ocean from Pennsylvania? ______

2. Which state borders PA to the south and west? ______

3. In which direction is PA from Lake Erie? ______

4. Which state borders most of PA on its eastern side? ______

5. What state has the longest border on PA’s southern side? ______

6. What river flows along PA’s eastern border? ______

7. The Susquehanna River flows south into what body of water? ______

8. Name the state to the north of Pennsylvania. ______

9. Name the body of water east of Delaware. ______

** Be careful. North is not always pointing toward the top of map. Always check your compass rose to see where north actually is located.

Activity 5 My Flag

Lesson 2 in Our Pennsylvania Story deals with the state flag of Pennsylvania. Create a flag or banner about your home, school, or community. Use symbols like the ones you see in our state flag.

Label your flag to reflect your school, home, or community. Use the callout box below to explain your drawing and symbols.

Activity 6 Symbols

Can you remember what our state symbols are? Match each name in Column B to its correct state symbol in Column A. Write the letter of the name of the state symbol in the blank space. Our state plant is Crownvetch. B is written in the blank space by number 3. Column A Column B 1. ____state animal A. Mountain Laurel 2. ____state flower B. Crownvetch 3. __B__state plant C. Brook Trout 4. ____state tree D. Milk 5. ____state dog E. Whitetail Deer 6. ____state fish F. Firefly 7. ____state insect G. Hemlock 8. ____state beverage H. Great Dane

Activity 7 Making Bar Graphs A) An elementary school voted on a symbol for state fruit. The numbers are shown below each fruit’s name. Use different colors in the bar graph to color in the number of votes for each fruit. B) Create a bar graph for a state vegetable symbol like the state fruit graph. Have each class member vote for one vegetable listed below the box.

A) State Fruit B) State Vegetable

8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 apple peach straw- grape pear cucumber tomato bean corn potato berry 7 4 5 3 2

Activity 8 Our Geographic Regions

Turn to pages 12 and 13 in Our Pennsylvania Story. Use the words in the lesson and in Get to Know Me. Use the clues to fill in the correct answers in the crossword puzzle. 1 2 3 4

5 6

7 8

12 13

www CrosswordWeaver com ACROSS DOWN 4. land that is higher than the 1. somewhat level land located between surrounding area mountains and hills 5. a long, narrow stretch of hills 2. A hill or valley is known as a ______. and mountains 3. areas of land lower than mountains 6. an area of land that contains many with gently rising sides trees 4. good farming land that stretches out 7. a large area of land that has from the bottom of mountains

something in common 8. the study of the earth and its features

10. land that is near the sea or ocean 9. areas of land with steep sides rising

12. The Piedmont region has some of above the surrounding land

the best ______in the country. 11. The Atlantic ______is located near

13. flat, level land the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

Choose your answers from this list: coastal farmland geography forest valley hills landform mountains ocean piedmont plain plateau region ridge Student Activity Book aligned with Lesson 4 in Our Pennsylvania Story 7 Penns Valley Publishers ©2009 Name ______Date ______

Activity 9 Our Natural Resources

Conservation is all about using our natural resources wisely. Part of being wise is not polluting our environment. Pollution means to put unsafe materials for animals and humans into the soil, air, and water. We cannot stop pollution. However, we can work on putting less pollution into our environment. There is not much we, as students, can do to keep our air cleaner. That job is for our government leaders. However, there is much we can do to keep our land and water cleaner.

My Pledge Here is how I plan to keep our land and water cleaner. ______

Activity 10 Grouping Our Natural Resources

Words identifying Pennsylvania’s natural resources are in the oval. Write each word into the group to which it belongs.

Non -renewable resources : ______See page 14, Lesson 5, in Our Pennsylvania Story ______for help with this activity. ______

______

______coal, water, sand, humans, ______aluminum, clay, air, oil, ______limestone, forests, slate, soil, natural gas

Renewable resources: ______(Resources like animals and plants can ______be non-renewable if they become extinct.) ______

Activity 11 Mammals of Pennsylvania

Find 15 common mammals of Pennsylvania in the grid and circle them. Words can go across and down only. When you are finished, the unused letters in the grid will spell out a hidden sentence. Pick the words out from left to right, top line to bottom line. The secret sentence has 10 words in it.

coychipmunko

tesmufoxwssr

popossumoqda

okratbatoueb

raccoonbdieb csmitnbecrri

uksatnoahrdt

pmoleebvuesa

ireortceclhe

nskunkarkrma

emmalstofpad

tnjblackbear

bat chipmunk otter skunk bear deer porcupine squirrel beaver fox rabbit woodchuck bobcat opossum raccoon

Activity 12 Research

On page 17 in Our Pennsylvania Story, you were asked to write a one- page report about a mammal of our state. Go to this website for information: http://www.pennsvalleypublishers.com/r_pellow/mammals/mammalnav.htm You can have someone help you type this on the computer you are using. Use the following questions to help you create your report. Report on the physical features, life cycle, habitat, diet, and any other information that is important. If you would like, you could choose to report on other non- mammals, such as the ruffed grouse or rattlesnake.

Activity 13 Using Graph Coordinates

Graph coordinates are a set of letters and numbers used to locate things or place things in a certain location. Many maps use graph coordinates. Use your fingers to find out what is located at coordinate E,3. Trace one finger down the E column and another finger across Row 3. What shape is located there? ______The word box in this activity lists some key words from Lesson 7 of Our Pennsylvania Story. After this word box is a list of graph coordinates. Each graph coordinate has a definition of a key word in the word box. Write the key word that matches each phrase in its graph coordinate area. Two words are not used. Cross off each word after you have matched it.

dairy erosion forest livestock lumber mushroom orchard oxygen producer soil state parks truck

B,5 = another name for the ground that plants grow in D,2 = name for a farm that provides milk E,4 = person or business that makes products is known as C,3 = large area that has many trees is called A,1 = name for a farm that provides vegetables and fruits B,4 = name for a farm that provides fruit from trees E,1 = name for a farm that raises chickens and hogs D,5 = a product trees give off into the air is C,2 = the wearing away of soil is known as A,3 = a product used in building homes and businesses

A B C D E 1 2 3

Activity 14 Our Population and Cities

Use the key words from Lesson 9 of Our Pennsylvania Story to fill in the following blanks.

1. Counting the number of people who live in a state or country is known as a/an ______2. Pennsylvania has a _____ of 12 million people. ______3. Smaller communities that are located close to cities are called ______4. Together, smaller communities growing around a city are known as an _____ area. ______5. Places in a state where not many people live are known as _____ regions. ______

Activity 15 Graphing Our Cities’ Populations

Use the data below to make a bar graph of the population of our state’s cities. Color in each column. The first two letters represent the name of each city. Lancaster is done for you.

2,000,000 Al Be Er Re Ph Pi Sc Ha St La 1,000,000 500,000 250,000 125,000 62,500 31,500 15,500 7,500 0

Ph = Philadelphia 1,600,000 Re = Reading 81,000 Sc = Scranton = 79,000 Pi = Pittsburgh 340, Al = Allentown 107,000 Ha = Harrisburg = 50,000 Er = Erie 104,000 St = State College = 38,000 Be = Bethlehem = 71,000 La = Lancaster = 56,000

Activity 16 Our Waterways

Use the map from Lesson 10 of Our Pennsylvania Story to answer the following questions.

1. Which two rivers flow north and south ______through the entire length of PA? ______2. Which river in western PA flows south to Pittsburgh? ______3. Name the river that flows west out of Pittsburgh? ______4. Name the Great Lake that borders PA on its northwest corner. ______5. Name the river that flows into Philadelphia from the northwest. ______

Activity 17 Classifying Our Water Forms

We have many names for our fresh water forms. The names for our bodies of water can be classified into two main groups. 1) Fresh water can flow over the land, or 2) fresh water can “hang around” on land. It is like pouring water in a bowl or basin. This kind of fresh water does not flow over land. From the word box, write the name of each water form into the group to which it belongs. Use a dictionary, if needed.

brooks creeks dams kills lakes ponds reservoirs rivers runs springs streams swamps

Flows over land Does not flow over land 1. 5. 1. 5. 2. 6. 2. 3. 7. 3. 4. 4.

Activity 18 Reading a Weather Map of Pennsylvania

Weather maps are often placed in the newspaper. The maps tell us what the weather should be like for a few days. They tell us whether it should be rainy, sunny, windy, snowy, or cloudy. We also can find out what temperatures to expect. The weather we can expect to receive is known as the forecast. Weather maps use many kinds of symbols. The most common kinds are picture and shape symbols. Use the symbols and data in the map below to answer the following questions. PA is a symbol for Pennsylvania. 1. What is the expected weather for Lake Erie? ______2. What weather is expected for northern PA? ______3. What weather is expected for southern PA? ______4. What symbol is used for the word degrees? ______5. What is the difference in degrees between Philadelphia and State College? ______6. What two words describe Saturday’s weather? ______

FORECAST THE REGION

TONIGHT PENNSYLVANIA CONDITIONS FOR SATURDAY

Lake Erie NY Partly Cloudy Low: 33° Erie 34° Scranton 39° SATURDAY State College 39° OH

Windy and Cold Philadelphia 50° High: 47° Low: 32° Chambersburg 47° SUNDAY Pittsburgh 39°

NJ Partly Cloudy High: 43° Low: 35° WV MD DE

Sunny Partly Cloudy Cloudy Rain Thunderstorms Snow

Activity 19 Our Transportation Systems

Our transportation systems have one thing in common. They move things over land, on water, and through the air. In short, they move people, products, and ideas. In 1681, white settlers first came to Pennsylvania. Then, there were only three main kinds of transportation. 1) You could walk. 2) You could ride or be pulled by a horse. 3) You could travel by canoe or ship. There were no roads. Only Native American trails went across the land. As more settlers came to Pennsylvania, ways of transporting goods and people developed. Over the years, better transportation systems moved people and products. See the dates below. Each date tells the time when new kinds of transportation systems began to be used. Next to each date is a symbol. Match each symbol to its kind of transportation in the table below. Then, write each kind of transportation system in the blank space. After you make a match, cross out the transportation system. The first one is done for you.

before 1750s ____packhorse______1885 ______

1750s ______1893 ______ 1783 ______1899 ______1787 ______1903 ______1804 ______1903 ______☼1829 ______ 1907 ______1834 ______1935 ______1885 ______♣ 1940 ______

Transportation Systems

 steamboat  first airplane  canal boat  first truck  first steam  Conestoga  first car made  first trailer engine vehicle wagon in Pennsylvania truck  subway in ☼ first steam  first motorcycle  hot air balloon Philadelphia locomotive on tracks ♣ helicopter  modern bicycle  packhorse  blimp

Activity 20 Native Americans of Pennsylvania

Find and circle the words below from Lesson 14 of Our Pennsylvania Story. Words can go down or across the word search puzzle. Cross out the words after you find them.

ncmsvlonghouses

aaohimdelawarel tncalwigwamskwh

iocwleriesrxdlq

veanazwiroquois

essegnzindiansk

rcieermtribesgx

gvnssxwlbmjwdvh

canoes Indians moccasin tribes Delaware Iroquois native villages Eries longhouses Shawnees wigwams

Activity 21 Tribal Locations of Native Americans

Use the map in Lesson 14 of Our Pennsylvania Story and the words from above to answer the statements below. PA is a symbol that means Pennsylvania.

1. Name the tribe that was located in two different parts of northern Pennsylvania. ______2. What tribe occupied the largest area of land in PA? ______3. Which tribe was located in eastern PA? ______4. Which tribe was located in the northwest corner of PA? ______5. The first people to live in PA were the ____ Americans. ______6. Domed-shaped homes were called ______7. Stretched-out homes were called ______8. The Indians lived in the forest in places called ______9. Indians traveled over water in ______10. A shoe made from deerskin was known as ______

Activity 22 What Were William Penn’s Dreams?

There is much information about William Penn in Lesson 15. In this activity, we are going to shorten that information into a few sentences. By doing this, we will learn the big, or main ideas.

Big Idea 1 – Write at least two sentences describing why Penn

received land for a colony from the English king.

______

Big Idea 2 – Write two sentences describing two of Penn’s big dreams for starting the colony of Pennsylvania.

______

Big Idea 3 – Write two sentences describing how Penn treated the Native Americans he found living in Pennsylvania. ______

______

Big Idea 4 – Write two sentences describing what Pennsylvania

looked like when William Penn arrived.

______

Activity 23 Religious Freedom in Pennsylvania

Use the words from Lesson 16 in Our Pennsylvania Story, listed at the bottom of the page, to solve this crossword puzzle. Cross out words after you use them. g p y y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12

13 14

ACROSS DOWN 3. Pennsylvania was the first state to do away with 1. Scots-Irish settlers’ religion

slavery against this race of people (2 words) 2. A place or area settled by people 6. William Penn promised settlers freedom 4. William Penn’s religion

of what? 5. The way in which you practice your 7. Name for African American church in religion is known as ______. Philadelphia (2 words) 8. People who come to live in a new 10. Religious group of people who settled in cities place. 12. People who worked for other people to pay for 9. One of the church peoples’ main the cost of the trip across the ocean (2 words) religion 14. People who left Ireland brought this religion 11. Another name for religious group of with them plain people 15. Name of a religion for plain people (4 words) 13. Name for another Pennsylvania Dutch religious group

Choose your answers from this list: Quaker Presbyterian colony settlers Methodist Episcopal Lutheran Church of the Brethren Mennonite Amish religion African Americans Jewish Catholic indentured servants worship

Name______Date______

Activity 24 Timeline for Ben Franklin’s Achievements

Chronology deals with the order of events over a certain amount of time. We track the order of events by using a timeline. During his life, Mr. Franklin did many things to make his country and Philadelphia a better place to live. Turn your paper and write in his achievements on the timeline below. 1) On the 1706 line, write, “Ben Franklin was born.” 2) On the 1790 line, write “Ben Franklin died.” 3) In the box below, Mr. Franklin’s achievements got all mixed up. Write them on the timeline in their correct order.

1750 = invented lightning rod 1776 = helped write the Declaration of Independence 1731 = started a library 1787 = helped write the U.S. Constitution plan of government 1728 = opened printing shop in Philadelphia 1777 = got French king to help America during the American Revolution 1736 = started a fire company 1742 = invented an iron furnace stove 1755 = started a hospital 1752 = began electrical kite experiments

Activity 25 Ben Franklin’s Sayings

Ben Franklin wrote many clever, funny things. They were often wise sayings as well. For example, he stated, “Three may keep a secret if two of them are dead.” What he meant by this was that people are not very good at keeping secrets. In each box below, there is another saying of Mr. Franklin. Write a short description of what Ben Franklin meant.

Fish and visitors stink after three days.

Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing.

Activity 26 Some Timeline Math Problems

We can solve some math problems from timelines. Use the information from the activity on Ben Franklin’s timeline to solve some of these problems.

1. In 1784, Ben invented bifocals for glasses. How old was he? Subtract 06 from 84. ______2. Ben invented swim fins for hands in 1717. How old was he when he invented the fins? ______3. Ben wrote Poor Richard’s Almanack from 1732 to 1758. How many years did he write the almanac? ______4. Ben was one writer and signer of the Declaration of Independence. How old was he at that time? ______5. Ben helped to write our country’s Constitution. How old was he at that time? ______

Activity 27 Oh No! George Washington Fell into Icy Water

The painting on page 40 in Our Pennsylvania Story shows a scene of George Washington and his guide. They are crossing the icy Allegheny River in January, 1754. Oops, George just fell into the river. His guide has reached for his cell phone to call a helicopter to rescue him. Hold it. Write down two things that could not have happened in the above description: 1) ______

2) ______

Let’s continue the story. Have you ever heard of adjectives? These are words we use to describe our nouns. Adjectives give us more details about our nouns. For example, what kind of river was described? It was described as an icy river. It is true that Washington fell into the river. He spent a long night on an island in the river. It was freezing cold. By morning he was able to walk on the ice across the rest of the river. In the table below, there are 10 words to describe how George Washington might have felt on that island. There are also 10 words that do NOT describe his feelings on the island. Write the words in the blank spaces in two different groups. Use a dictionary, if needed. Cross out words after you use them. fortunate thankful chilling shivery happy delightful lucky frozen frigid scary frightful joyful pleasurable trembling appreciative fearful cheerful glad depressing cold

Had these feelings Did NOT have these feelings 1. 6. 1. 6.

2. 7. 2. 7. 3. 8. 3. 8. 4. 9. 4. 9. 5. 10. 5. 10.

Activity 28 I Declare! Three Awesome Documents!

Lesson 19 on page 42 explains three very important papers, or documents, that were written and approved from 1776 to 1791. These papers set up the United States and its government. They also gave rights, or promises, to the people. Group each statement below as to whether it would have been said during the time and writing of 1) the Declaration of Independence in 1776, 2) the United States Constitution in 1787, or 3) the Bill of Rights in 1791. Write the number of the sentence in the box to which it belongs. Number 1 is completed for you.

1. Slavery should not be allowed in our new plan of government. 2. We can practice any religion we choose in our new country. 3. If we want to be free from England, we will have to fight a war. 4. We will need to write a plan for government that works. 5. If I disagree with my government, I can say so without being thrown in prison. 6. The English have passed unfair laws against our colonies. 7. I own a newspaper and I now have freedom of the press. 8. We need rules and laws by which our people can live and work. 9. Do you think the English king will be mad if I sign this paper? 10. We will have a President instead of a King to run our country.

Declaration of Independence 1776

United States of America

United States Bill of Rights Constitution 1791 1787 1

Activity 29 Likenesses and Differences

Look at the painting on page 45 in Our Pennsylvania Story. It shows General Washington and his troops marching. Let’s compare how we move troops today with how troops were moved in 1777. When we compare, we are looking for things that are alike, or similar. 1) Name three or four similar ways that troops and their supplies were moved to battles then and today.

1) ______2) ______3) ______4) ______

Now, name four different ways troops and their supplies are moved to battles today which were not available to them in 1777.

1) ______2) ______3) ______4) ______

Activity 30 Styles, Fashions, and Environments

Look at the paintings on pages 42 and 43 in Our Pennsylvania Story. Pretend the Declaration of Independence is written and signed today. What would be different today from what is shown in the paintings of 1776? Look at the clothing and hair styles. Also, look at the working environment, such as the building. Some things would definitely be different today! Write five differences you would expect to find in today’s world.

1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______

Activity 31 Fact, Fiction, or Opinion

History is full of stories about people. The story about Betsy Ross on page 46 in Our Pennsylvania Story is a legend. It has been passed down to us through many years. Parts of the story are true, and parts of the story are probably false. When we study history, we are dealing with things that are fact, fiction, or opinion. A fact is something that happened. Facts are true statements. Fiction is something that is not true, or something that did not happen. An opinion deals with a person’s or group’s feelings. The statement is not right or wrong. Let’s see how good you are at telling the difference among the three items. Read the statements below. Write an FT next to the ones that are facts. Write an FN next to statements that are fiction. Place an O next to statements that deal with opinions or feelings. If needed, check the story of Betsy Ross on pages 46 and 47.

1. ____ Your teacher fought in the American Revolution War. 2. ____ The American flag is the most beautiful flag made. 3. ____ Betsy Ross’ house stands in New York City. 4. ____ Betsy Ross made American flags. 5. ____ Betsy Ross sewed and made window drapes. 6. ____ Betsy Ross fought British soldiers during the American war for freedom. 7. ____ George Washington asked Betsy Ross to make a flag. 8. ____ Betsy Ross was the most skillful flag maker of her time. 9. ____ Betsy Ross asked for $300 to make the first flag. 10. ____ An American flag of 1776 flies at Betsy Ross’ house. (Hint: Look at the photograph on page 46.)

Activity 32 Can You Find These Places?

Lesson 22 gives information about James Buchanan. He is the only United States President from Pennsylvania. Let us locate several places on the map below that were described in the story of James Buchanan.

1. James was born in a log cabin. It was located near the town of Mercersburg. Label this town on the map of Pennsylvania.

2. James studied to be a lawyer at Dickinson College in Carlisle. Label this city on the map of Pennsylvania.

3. James was elected to serve in Congress. He moved to Washington, D.C. This is the name of our country’s capital city. Label it on the map below.

4. James was sent to England and Russia. Find these European countries on a globe or world map.

5. After James finished being President of our country, he lived in Lancaster. His home was called Wheatland. Label Lancaster.

Erie

Scranton

Allentown

Pittsburgh 2 Harrisburg Reading

1 5 Philadelphia

Activity 33 Free States or Slave States?

On page 50 in Lesson 23, look at the map of the free states and the slave states. The free states were the northern states. The slave states were the southern states. The border states did not take sides. Use a map of the United States to help you find the answers to the following questions.

1. Was Texas a slave state or free state? ______

2. Name the slave state that was located farthest to the north. ______

3. Was Maine a slave state or free state? ______

4. Name the free state that bordered on Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. ______

5. Name the slave state farthest to the southeast. ______

6. Name the free state that touches on three Great Lakes. ______

7. Was Tennessee a free state or slave state? ______

8. Was Pennsylvania a free or slave state? ______

Turn to page 50 in Our Pennsylvania Story. Identify each state below as a free state or a slave state. Write your answers in the blank spaces. Use the terms free or slave.

9. Ohio ______13. Georgia ______10. Massachusetts ______14. Iowa ______11. Alabama ______15. South Carolina ______12. Illinois ______16. New Jersey ______

Activity 34 Do You Realize What This Means?

Our Pennsylvania Story has described many events that have happened in history. These events have produced results. This is known as “cause and effect.” A cause is an action or event that produces a result. The result is known as the effect. For example, in Lesson 19, you read about the Declaration of Independence. The signing of the Declaration was the event, or cause. What was the result of the signing? The result was the American Revolution. Now, let us look at the following scenes.

Scene #1 Turn to pages 50 and 52 in Our Pennsylvania Story. Both lessons explain the American Civil War. Eleven (11) slave states left the United States. They set up their own country. To bring these states back into the United States, a big, bloody war was fought.

1) Identify the action or cause. ______

______

2) Identify the result or effect. ______

______

Scene #2 On pages 51 and 52, Our Pennsylvania Story describes the Battle of Gettysburg. The battle was the event. The battle was a cause that produced results. Write two results of the battle. They are described on these pages.

1) result or effect ______

2) result or effect ______

Activity 35 Hiding in the Underground Railroad

Imagine being a slave! The life of a slave was miserable. Many slaves wanted to escape to the north where they would be free. People from the northern states helped slaves to escape. They did this through the Underground Railroad. This railroad was made up of many people, hiding places, and roads. Some of the main escape routes came through Pennsylvania. Hiding places were needed every 10 to 20 miles. Using the numbers, label each place on the map below. Then, use different color crayons to trace each route by the numbers. A = 1) Washington, 2) Pittsburgh, 3) Erie, 4) Buffalo, NY, to 5) Canada B = 6) Gettysburg, 7) York, 8) Lancaster, 10) Philadelphia, 11) Trenton, NJ, 12) New York City C = 6) Gettysburg, 9) Williamsport, 4) Buffalo, NY, 5) Canada D = 12) New York City, 13) Albany, NY, 14) Oswego, NY, or 15) Rochester, NY, across Lake Ontario to 5) Canada

Lake Ontario 14

15 13 4

Lake Erie

12 2 11 8 6 7 10

Activity 36 Needs and Wants

I want it! I need it! I must have it! There is a big difference between a want and a need! People need and want things in order to live. A need is something that is necessary for our survival. A want is something that we would like to have, but do not need. We need food, water, clothing, and homes. Eating healthy food is a need. Drinking clean water is a need. We also need clothing and homes. We need to earn money to buy these things. People want cell phones, DVD players, and TVs. These items are not really needs even though we think they are! Does the phrase describe a need or want? In the blank space beside each phrase, place an N for need, or a W for want.

1.____ drinking fresh water 6.____ listening to music 2.____ playing games 7.____ eating fruit 3.____ eating healthy food 8.____ buying clothes 4.____ drinking milk 9.____ drinking soda 5.____ watching TV 10.____ finding a home to live in

Activity 37 Goods and Services

To meet these needs and wants, people make things. They make cars. They build homes. They grow food. They make cell phones. They create toys. All of these things are called goods. Work done by somebody for someone else is known as a service. All of our community helpers provide services. Water is brought to our homes and schools by pipes. Food is delivered to our cafeterias. Food and water are needed services. Moving and selling goods are services. Fixing things is a service. Does the phrase describe a good or service? In the blank space beside each phrase, place a G for good and S for service.

1.____ fixing bikes 5.____ delivering mail 2.____ taking dance lessons 6.____ driving trucks 3.____ seeing a doctor 7.____ making cell phones 4.____ making bikes 9.____ baking bread 5.____ putting braces on teeth 10.____ selling cars

Activity 38 State Government Terms

Our state government is made up of three main branches. First, there is the legislative part. This part deals with making the laws by which people live. Second, there is the executive branch. This part deals with the daily running of state government. Third, there is the judicial part which deals with our court system. This system makes sure that people obey our laws. Now, let’s figure out a secret two word message. Use the words from above and from Lesson 27 in Our Pennsylvania Story. Place the circled letter from each answer in the Secret Message below.

1. the part of government that makes the laws ______(circle the 3rd letter) 2. 203 people who make laws for our state ______government (circle the 2nd letter)

3. a city that is the center of state government ______(circle the 5th letter) 4. building in the capital city where laws are made ______(circle the 4th letter) 5. 50 people who make laws for our state ______government (circle the 3rd letter)

6. elected people who make laws by which other ______people live; also provides many services for us (circle the 3rd letter)

7. dealing with a person’s country or nation ______(circle the 5th letter) 8. part of government that explains the laws ______(circle the 8th letter) 9. deals with day-to-day running of state ______government (circle the 8th letter) 10. the elected leader of state government ______(circle the 4th letter) 11. people who run our court system and who ______interpret the law (circle the 3rd letter)

Secret Message ______1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Activity 39 Counties and Communities

In the word box, you will find some main words from Lesson 28 of Our Pennsylvania Story. Below the word box, you will see graph coordinates and definitions. Write the word(s) that matches each definition in its graph coordinate area. One of the word items will not be used.

boroughs cities commissioners council counties county seat mayor school board supervisors townships

A,3 = elected leader of local government is called C,1 = elected leaders of township government are called D,4 = elected leaders of county government are called B,2 = places with more than 10,000 people are called A,2 = smaller towns are called B,4 = rural regions that border on cities or boroughs are called C,3 = seven members of community government are called D,3 = place from which county government is run is called A,1 = We have 67 of them in Pennsylvania . D,2 = Write the name of your township, borough or city. B,1 = Write the name of your county. C,4 = Write the name of our state’s governor.

A B C D 1