Standing Orders of the House of Representatives Index
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The Parliament
The Parliament is composed of 3 distinct elements,the Queen1 the Senate and the House of Representatives.2 These 3 elements together characterise the nation as being a constitutional monarchy, a parliamentary democracy and a federation. The Constitution vests in the Parliament the legislative power of the Common- wealth. The legislature is bicameral, which is the term commoniy used to indicate a Par- liament of 2 Houses. Although the Queen is nominally a constituent part of the Parliament the Consti- tution immediately provides that she appoint a Governor-General to be her representa- tive in the Commonwealth.3 The Queen's role is little more than titular as the legislative and executive powers and functions of the Head of State are vested in the Governor- General by virtue of the Constitution4, and by Letters Patent constituting the Office of Governor-General.5 However, while in Australia, the Sovereign has performed duties of the Governor-General in person6, and in the event of the Queen being present to open Parliament, references to the Governor-General in the relevant standing orders7 are to the extent necessary read as references to the Queen.s The Royal Style and Titles Act provides that the Queen shall be known in Australia and its Territories as: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth.* There have been 19 Governors-General of Australia10 since the establishment of the Commonwealth, 6 of whom (including the last 4) have been Australian born. The Letters Patent, of 29 October 1900, constituting the office of Governor- General, 'constitute, order, and declare that there shall be a Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief in and over' the Commonwealth. -
Legislative Chambers: Unicameral Or Bicameral?
Legislative Chambers: Unicameral or Bicameral? Legislative Chambers: Unicameral or Bicameral? How many chambers a parliament should have is a controversial question in constitutional law. Having two legislative chambers grew out of the monarchy system in the UK and other European countries, where there was a need to represent both the aristocracy and the common man, and out of the federal system in the US. where individual states required representation. In recent years, unicameral systems, or those with one legislative chamber, were associated with authoritarian states. Although that perception does not currently hold true, there appears to be a general trend toward two chambers in emerging democracies, particularly in larger countries. Given historical, cultural and political factors, governments must decide whether one-chamber or two chambers better serve the needs of the country. Bicameral Chambers A bicameral legislature is composed of two-chambers, usually termed the lower house and upper house. The lower house is usually based proportionally on population with each member representing the same number of citizens in each district or region. The upper house varies more broadly in the way in which members are selected, including inheritance, appointment by various bodies and direct and indirect elections. Representation in the upper house can reflect political subdivisions, as is the case for the US Senate, German Bundesrat and Indian Rajya Sabha. Bicameral systems tend to occur in federal states, because of that system’s two-tiered power structure. Where subdivisions are drawn to coincide with other important societal units, the upper house can serve to represent ethnic, religious or tribal groupings, as in India or Ethiopia. -
Terms of Service for Members of the House of Representatives in the 117Th Congress
Terms of Service for Members of the House of Representatives in the 117th Congress October 1, 2021 The table below includes Members of the House of Representatives sorted by number of terms of service (in descending order by beginning of service) and then alphabetically by last name. Bold text denotes individuals elected in special elections. Italic text indicates non-consecutive service. Terms of Service for Representatives Last name First name Terms of State Party Congresses (inclusive) Beginning of service present service Young Don 25 AK Republican 93rd to 117th March 6, 1973 Rogers Harold 21 KY Republican 97th to 117th January 3, 1981 Smith Christopher H. 21 NJ Republican 97th to 117th January 3, 1981 Hoyer Steny H. 21 MD Democrat 97th to 117th May 19, 1981 Kaptur Marcy 20 OH Democrat 98th to 117th January 3, 1983 DeFazio Peter A. 18 OR Democrat 100th to 117th January 3, 1987 Upton Fred 18 MI Republican 100th to 117th January 3, 1987 Pelosi Nancy 18 CA Democrat 100th to 117th June 2, 1987 Pallone Frank, Jr. 18 NJ Democrat 100th to 117th November 8, 1988 Neal Richard E. 17 MA Democrat 101st to 117th January 3, 1989 100th to 103rd; 105th Price David E. 17 NC Democrat to 117th January 3, 1997 DeLauro Rosa L. 16 CT Democrat 102nd to 117th January 3, 1991 Waters Maxine 16 CA Democrat 102nd to 117th January 3, 1991 Nadler Jerrold 16 NY Democrat 102nd to 117th November 3, 1992 98th to 103rd; 108th Cooper Jim 16 TN Democrat to 117th January 3, 2003 Bishop Sanford D., Jr. -
United States Government Primer
1 United States Government Primer United States Government Primer Consortium for Ocean Leadership – 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 The Three Branches of Government 3 Legislative Branch 4 U S Senate 5 U S House of Representatives 5 How a Bill Becomes Law 5 Committees with Jurisdiction over Ocean Research and Policy 8 Creating and Funding Federal Agencies 9 Executive Branch 10 Federal Agencies Involved in Ocean Research and Policy 11 Judicial Branch 12 Major Ocean and Coastal Policy Legislation 13 Videos (by Crash Course on Government and Politics) 15 United States Government Primer Consortium for Ocean Leadership – 3 INTRODUCTION This primer outlines the key points of the U S political system, including the three branches of the federal government prescribed by the Constitution The legislative branch includes the Senate and the House of Representatives and is charged with drafting and approving laws (see Schoolhouse Rock video) The executive branch, including the president and his/her Cabinet, implements and enforces laws Finally, the judicial branch contains the court system that interprets and applies laws The basics of the political process are explained in the following summaries THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT The federal government consists of three parts: legislative branch, executive branch, and judicial branch Together, they function to provide a system of lawmaking and enforcement based on a system of checks and balances The separation of powers through three different branches of government is intended to ensure that no individual, or body of government, can become too powerful This helps protect individual freedoms in addition to preventing the government from abusing its power This separation of power is described in the first three articles of the Constitution 3Branches of Government The U.S. -
Unicameralism and the Indiana Constitutional Convention of 1850 Val Nolan, Jr.*
DOCUMENT UNICAMERALISM AND THE INDIANA CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1850 VAL NOLAN, JR.* Bicameralism as a principle of legislative structure was given "casual, un- questioning acceptance" in the state constitutions adopted in the nineteenth century, states Willard Hurst in his recent study of main trends in the insti- tutional development of American law.1 Occasioning only mild and sporadic interest in the states in the post-Revolutionary period,2 problems of legislative * A.B. 1941, Indiana University; J.D. 1949; Assistant Professor of Law, Indiana Uni- versity School of Law. 1. HURST, THE GROWTH OF AMERICAN LAW, THE LAW MAKERS 88 (1950). "O 1ur two-chambered legislatures . were adopted mainly by default." Id. at 140. During this same period and by 1840 many city councils, unicameral in colonial days, became bicameral, the result of easy analogy to state governmental forms. The trend was reversed, and since 1900 most cities have come to use one chamber. MACDONALD, AmER- ICAN CITY GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 49, 58, 169 (4th ed. 1946); MUNRO, MUNICIPAL GOVERN-MENT AND ADMINISTRATION C. XVIII (1930). 2. "[T]he [American] political theory of a second chamber was first formulated in the constitutional convention held in Philadelphia in 1787 and more systematically developed later in the Federalist." Carroll, The Background of Unicameralisnl and Bicameralism, in UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURES, THE ELEVENTH ANNUAL DEBATE HAND- BOOK, 1937-38, 42 (Aly ed. 1938). The legislature of the confederation was unicameral. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, V. Early American proponents of a bicameral legislature founded their arguments on theoretical grounds. Some, like John Adams, advocated a second state legislative house to represent property and wealth. -
List of Participants
COVID-19 pandemic recovery through a human rights lens: What contribution from parliaments? Virtual global workshop for parliamentarians organized by the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Two half-days spread over two days, Tuesday, 29 and Wednesday 30 June 2021 2 - 5 p.m. (CEST - Geneva Time) List of participants Inaugural ceremony CHUNGONG, Martin (Mr.) Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union BACHELET, Michelle (Ms) United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights SHAMEEM KHAN, Nazhat, Ambassador (Ms.) President of the United Nations Human Rights Council Panelists and Moderators HICKS, Peggy (Ms.) Director of the Thematic Engagement, Special Procedures and Right to Development Division (OHCHR) BA, Dieh Mandiaye (Ms.) Member of the National Assembly Chair of the Committee on laws, decentralization, labour and human rights (Senegal) DHLOMO, Sibongiseni (Dr.) Member of the National Assembly (South Africa) MASSEY, Chitralekha (Ms.) Team Leader Advocacy and Outreach ESCR, SDGs and COVID-19 SPENGEMANN, Sven (Mr.) Member of the House of Commons (Canada) ODHIAMBO, Millie (Ms.) Member of the National Assembly (Kenya) TAIANA, Jorge (Mr.) Member of the Senate (Argentina) - 2 - HUIZENGA, Rogier (Mr.) Manager, Human Rights Programme, IPU MAGAZZENI, Gianni (Mr.) Chief, UPR Branch, OHCHR Participants Country Participants Afghanistan MOHAMMADI, Bibi Gulalai (Mr.) Member of Wolesi Jirga Algeria BENBADIS, Fawzia (Ms.) Membre du Conseil de la Nation BENZIADA, Mounia -
Contingent Election of the President and Vice President by Congress: Perspectives and Contemporary Analysis
Contingent Election of the President and Vice President by Congress: Perspectives and Contemporary Analysis Updated October 6, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R40504 Contingent Election of the President and Vice President by Congress Summary The 12th Amendment to the Constitution requires that presidential and vice presidential candidates gain “a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed” in order to win election. With a total of 538 electors representing the 50 states and the District of Columbia, 270 electoral votes is the “magic number,” the arithmetic majority necessary to win the presidency. What would happen if no candidate won a majority of electoral votes? In these circumstances, the 12th Amendment also provides that the House of Representatives would elect the President, and the Senate would elect the Vice President, in a procedure known as “contingent election.” Contingent election has been implemented twice in the nation’s history under the 12th Amendment: first, to elect the President in 1825, and second, the Vice President in 1837. In a contingent election, the House would choose among the three candidates who received the most electoral votes. Each state, regardless of population, casts a single vote for President in a contingent election. Representatives of states with two or more Representatives would therefore need to conduct an internal poll within their state delegation to decide which candidate would receive the state’s single vote. A majority of state votes, 26 or more, is required to elect, and the House must vote “immediately” and “by ballot.” Additional precedents exist from 1825, but they would not be binding on the House in a contemporary election. -
Federal Role in US Campaigns and Elections
Federal Role in U.S. Campaigns and Elections: An Overview R. Sam Garrett Specialist in American National Government September 4, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R45302 SUMMARY R45302 Federal Role in U.S. Campaigns and Elections: September 4, 2018 An Overview R. Sam Garrett Conventional wisdom holds that the federal government plays relatively little role in U.S. Specialist in American campaigns and elections. Although states retain authority for most aspects of election National Government administration, a closer look reveals that the federal government also has steadily increased its [email protected] presence in campaigns and elections in the past 50 years. Altogether, dozens of congressional committees and federal agencies could be involved in federal elections under current law. For a copy of the full report, please call 7-5700 or visit Congress faces a complex mix of traditional oversight areas with developing ones throughout the www.crs.gov. elections field. Reports of foreign interference during the 2016 election cycle, and concerns about future interference, have raised the profile of campaigns and elections policy in Congress, at federal agencies, and beyond. As Congress considers these and other developing issues, this report provides the House and Senate with a resource for first understanding the current campaigns and elections regulatory structure. The report addresses those areas of law and public policy that most directly and routinely affect American campaigns and elections. This includes six broad categories of law through which Congress has assigned various agencies roles in regulating or supporting campaigns, elections, or both. These are campaign finance; election administration; election security; redistricting; qualifications and contested elections; and voting rights. -
Central African Republic
BTI 2020 Country Report Central African Republic This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2020. It covers the period from February 1, 2017 to January 31, 2019. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of governance in 137 countries. More on the BTI at https://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2020 Country Report — Central African Republic. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2020. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Contact Bertelsmann Stiftung Carl-Bertelsmann-Strasse 256 33111 Gütersloh Germany Sabine Donner Phone +49 5241 81 81501 [email protected] Hauke Hartmann Phone +49 5241 81 81389 [email protected] Robert Schwarz Phone +49 5241 81 81402 [email protected] Sabine Steinkamp Phone +49 5241 81 81507 [email protected] BTI 2020 | Central African Republic 3 Key Indicators Population M 4.7 HDI 0.381 GDP p.c., PPP $ 872 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 1.5 HDI rank of 189 188 Gini Index 56.2 Life expectancy years 52.2 UN Education Index 0.353 Poverty3 % 83.1 Urban population % 41.4 Gender inequality2 0.682 Aid per capita $ 110.5 Sources (as of December 2019): The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2019 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2019. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. Executive Summary During the period under review, ending in January 2019, the Central African Republic was governed by a president elected by fair and transparent elections held in March 2016. -
National Assembly House of Representatives List of Committee Clerks
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES LIST OF COMMITTEE CLERKS SIN COMMITTEES COMMITTEE CLERK 1. Selection Clerk of the House Clerk of Committees 2. Rules and Business Adebayo C. Abiodun 3. House Services Yahaya Danzaria 4. Public Petitions Michael Egwu 5. Public Accounts GiwaP. A. 6. Ethics & Privileges lames Obotu 7. Agriculture Oscar C. Okoro 8. Aids, Loans & Debt Idris Mora Abubakar 9. Air force Dennis Iko 10. Anti-Corruption, National Ethics & Aisha Inusa. Values 11. Appropriations Dr. Abel Ochigbo 12. Army Doris Bombata 13. Aviation Abubakar Chana 14. Banking and Currency Yakubu W. Yilji 15. Capital Market & Institution Ogunsanya T. Olufemi 16. Civil Society & Donor Agencies Basho Ali 17. Commerce Uche Okorie 18. Communications M. B. Ibrahim 19. Communications & Information Ahmadu Mahmudu Jatau Tech. (lCT') 20. Constituency Outreach Dev. David Zipamone 21. Co-operation & Integration in Ag. Clerk: Balarabe I. Africa Dutse 22. Culture & Tourism Mathew Damian Okuta 23. Custom & Excise Baba Mohammed 24. Defence Afangideh Asuquo N. 25. Diaspora Sunday Adelani 26. Drugs, Narcotics & Financial Farouk Dawaki Crimes 27. Education S. B. Ibitoye-Bamisaiye 28. Electoral Matters Grace Edu 29. Emergency & Disaster Emene E. U. Preparedness 30. Environment Titus Jatau 31. Federal Capital Territory Mukhtar K. Adanko 32. F.C.T. Area Council Aribatise O. A. 33. Federal Character Baba Mala Kaigama 34. Finance Sadiq M. A. 35. FOI (Reform of Govt. Institution) Ayodele O. Owasoyo 36. Foreign Affairs M. D. Ibrahim 37. FERMA Jide Funmilayo 38. FRSC Benson Ovoh 39. Gas Resources 40. Governmental Affairs Walli Baba Shehu 41. Health Modu Kyari 42. HIV / Aids, Tuberculosis & Malaria Jakop Dan-Alih Control 43. -
Constitution of the People's Republic of Benin
Constitution of the People's Republic of Benin The High Council of the Republic, in accordance with the Constitutional Law of August 13, 1990 has proposed; The Béninese people have adopted in the Constituent referendum of December 2, 1990 the Constitution; The President of the Republic promulgates the Constitution whose contents follow: PREAMBLE Dahomey, proclaimed a Republic on December 4, 1958, acceded to international sovereignty August 1, 1960. Having become the People's Republic of Bénin on November 30, 1975, and then the Republic of Bénin on March 1, 1990, it has known a turbulent constitutional and political evolution since its accession to independence. Only the option in favor of the Republic has remained permanent. The successive changes of political regimes and of governments have not blunted the determination of the Béninese people to search for, in their own spirit, the cultural, philosophical and spiritual values of civilization which sustain the forms of their patriotism. Thus, the National Conference of Active Forces of the Nation, held in Cotonou from February 19 to 28, 1990, in giving back confidence to the people, has permitted the national reconciliation and the advent of an era of democratic revival. On the day after this Conference, WE, THE BÉNINESE PEOPLE -Reaffirm our fundamental opposition to any political regime founded on arbitrariness, dictatorship, injustice, corruption, misappropriation of public funds, regionalism, nepotism, confiscation of power, and personal power; -Express our firm will to defend and -
Asian-Parliaments.Pdf
Asian Parliaments Bangladesh Government type: parliamentary democracy unicameral National Parliament or Jatiya Sangsad; 300 seats elected by popular vote from single territorial constituencies (the constitutional amendment reserving 30 seats for women over and above the 300 regular parliament seats expired in May 2001); members serve fiveyear terms elections: last held 1 October 2001 (next to be held no later than January 2007) Bhutan Government type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105 elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies, and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and other secular interests; members serve threeyear terms) elections: local elections last held August 2005 (next to be held in 2008) Burma Government type: military junta (leader not elected) Unicameral People's Assembly or Pyithu Hluttaw (485 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve fouryear terms) elections: last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never allowed by junta to convene Cambodia Government type: multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993 Bicameral, consists of the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve fiveyear terms) and the Senate (61 seats; 2 members appointed by the monarch, 2 elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by parliamentarians and commune councils; members serve fiveyear terms) elections: National Assembly last held 27 July 2003 (next to be