DOCSLIB.ORG

2092-IJBCS-Article-Olufemi Awodiran

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2092-IJBCS-Article-Olufemi Awodiran Available online at http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 8(6): 2377-2386, December 2014 ISSN 1997-342X (Online), ISSN 1991-8631 (Print) Original Paper http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Cytogenetic study and serum protein characterization of Clarias gariepinus (BURCHELL, 1822) and Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire, 1809) in South western Nigeria M.O. AWODIRAN 1*, F.A. MAJOLAGBE 2, O.O. KOMOLAFE 1, A.A. ADEWUMI 2, O.O. OYEBOLA 3 and R.O. OYEWOLE 1 1Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 2Department of Zoology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. 3Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. * Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] ; Tel: +234 806 2088776 ABSTRACT Specimens of Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis were cytologically analysed while their serum protein was employed to characterize the two species. The diploid chromosome numbers for C. gariepinus and H. bidorsalis were 2n=56 and 2n=52 respectively. The nombre fondamental (NF) of C. gariepinus, and H. bidorsalis , were 51 and 49 respectively. The electrophoretic banding pattern of the two species produced five common bands while the relative mobility of the bands studied showed that there are few slow moving bands, more fast moving bands but no intermediate bands. The occurrence of chromosome number around the modal value which occurs generally among the clariid fish may suggest an ongoing speciation while the presence of five common bands may also be used as a diagnostic marker for biochemical differentiation of the two fish species. © 2014 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords : Clarias gariepinus , Heterobranchus bidorsalis , diploid chromosome number, cytogenetics, genetic variation, electrophoresis . INTRODUCTION several authors to possess better qualities than Catfishes are a major source of food the parents (Bartley et al., 2000; Sahoo et al., protein for the teeming populations in West 2003; Odedeyi, 2007; Ataguba et al., 2010; African sub-region. Clarias gariepinus and Akinwande et al., 2012). Heterobranchus bidorsalis are fish species Cytogenetic study of these fish species which are widely cultured and are of great will enhance improved production of their commercial importance in Nigeria. This is hybrids and help resolve some taxonomic because they possess among other qualities problems that may be present in the family high market price, fast growth and ability to Clariidae. Several investigators have reported tolerate adverse environmental conditions. karyotypic and chromosomal studies of clariid The clariid fishes are also used in producing fishes. Teugels et al. (1992) also reported the hybrid fishes which have been shown by standard karyotype of Clarias gariepinus © 2014 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v8i6.1 M.O. AWODIRAN et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 8(6): 2377-2386, 2014 (2n=54), Heterobranchus longifilis (2n=52) MATERIALS AND METHODS and hybrids between the two species (2n=54). Sampling sites and sample collection The karyotype of Clarias gariepinus from two Fish specimens used for this study were regions of Turkey (Goksu Delta and Orontes) obtained from the Teaching and Research was described using G-banding, C-banding, Farm, University of Agriculture and The Wet Q-banding and Ag NORs by Karahan and Laboratory of the Department of Animal Ergene (2011). They reported the same Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile- diploid chromosome number of 2n=56 and Ife. The identification of two fish species was fundamental number FN=100 for the fish carried out according to Reed et al. (1967) and species. Shabeena et al. (2012) reported the Teugels (1982, 1986). diploid chromosome number of 2n=54 for Clarias batrachus which was shown to have Chromosome preparation six pairs of metacentric chromosomes, nine Metaphase chromosomes were freshly pairs of sub metacentric chromosomes and prepared from newly hatched larvae as seven pairs of telocentric chromosomes. described by Aluko and Awopetu (1995) A better understanding of the mitotic though slightly modified by reducing the chromosomes of these fish species of study number of hours in Colchicine (BH15 1TD, may ensure better understanding of the England) solution (Olaniyi, 2008). One hour mechanism of their hybridisation. Teugels et old embryos of the fish were put in 0.01% al. (1992) reported striking similarities in the Colchicine solution for 3 h and for another 1 h karyotype of both species of study and that in distilled water before fixing in 3:1 ethanol- most pairs of chromosomes appear acetic acid solution and kept in the refrigerator homologous. This has favoured their until use. The tails of the hatchlings hybridisation. containing mitotic cells were severed and Similarly, characterisation of fish minced in 50% acetic acid solution (freshly species employing electrophoretic separation prepared) to form a cell suspension. Two of their total protein and isozymes is a drops of the cell suspension were put on a technique used in detecting genetic variations clean slide which had been dried on a slide and also for delineating taxonomic dryer. Slides were stained with a drop of FLP- relationships among them (Hauser, et al., orcein solution for 10 minutes. 2003). Diyaware et al. (2012) reported the The material was further squashed by characterization of some clariid species using laying a piece of filter paper on the cover slip total protein and showed the possibility of and pressing firmly with the thumb to achieve their banding patterns being used as base line a good spread of the cells and the information to identify them and their hybrids chromosomes and also to remove excess stain in case of natural hybridisation which may be which was absorbed by the filter paper. The occasioned by their indiscriminate use in fish slides were left on a slide warmer overnight to production. dry after which they were examined under This study was therefore designed to x10, x40 and x100 objectives of the provide information on cytogenetic and microscope (Olympus model). Cells that were electrophoresis of total protein of the fish adjudged to contain well spread metaphase species Clarias gariepinus and chromosomes were selected for chromosome Heterobranchus bidorsalis which will form a counting and then photographed. The basis for their genetic improvement through photography was done under oil immersion clearer understanding of their genetic using a photo microscope (PW-BK5000T, variation and taxonomic relationship. PROWAY OPTICS, CHINA). 2378 M.O. AWODIRAN et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 8(6): 2377-2386, 2014 The metaphase chromosomes of the solution until the protein bands are distinct two fish species were classified into four and are then kept in the destaining solution. groups, namely metacentrics, sub- The gels were scanned with a scanner and the metacentrics, sub-telocentrics and images were stored in the computer for acrocentrics, according to the method scoring to compare the degree of similarity of described by Aluko and Awopetu (1995). the hybrids with the parents. The protein banding patterns obtained Protein studies from electrophoretic profiles were subjected The electrophoresis analysis was to cluster analysis to show the relationship in carried out in the Biotechnology laboratory, their clustering patterns using the Unweighted University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. The Pair Group Method with Arithmetic means for basic principle involves the separation of a phenogram or dendrogram grouping (Sneath mixture of proteins on size differences. From and Sokal, 1973) using PAST computer the caudal region of the fish, 3 ml of blood software (Hammer et al., 2006). was withdrawn, diluted with 2 ml of 0.9% physiological salt solution and expelled from RESULTS the syringe after removing the needle. Care Table 1 shows the range of diploid was taken while allowing blood to run down numbers observed, modal diploid number and the side of the centrifuge tube so as to avoid the number of spread observed in each genetic the inclusion of air bubbles that could be group. A modal diploid chromosome number present in the syringe in the blood sample. of 2n=56 and 2n=52 were recorded for C . The sample was left for one hour at room gariepinus and H. bidorsalis ; respectively temperature and the serum obtained after (Table 1 and Figure 1). The parental centrifuging at 5000 rpm for 15 minutes was chromosome numbers are relatively close to decanted and kept at about 5 °C until use. each other. Figure 2 and Table 2 show the Protein electrophoresis was then carried karyotypes and nombre fondamental (NF) of out according to standard methods using the two species. The metaphase chromosomes Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide of the fish species studied were metacentrics, Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). sub-metacentrics, sub-telocentrics and Bromophenol blue was added to the sera to acrocentrics. C. gariepinus consisted of 3 m + act as a tracer. Following electrophoresis, the 6 sm + 14 st + 5a with NF=51; while that of gel was stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue H. bidorsalis were 6 m + 1sm + 16 st + 3a and R-250, allowing visualisation of the separated NF =49. proteins. The separation of protein was carried The SDS-PAGE electrophoretic out with the use of Electrophoresis Power profiles of sera of the two fish species in the Supply Model 200/2.0 in Mini Protean 11 Cell presence of SDS and ß-mercaptoethanol are as (Bio-Rad) at 150 volts for 1 hour. shown in Figure 1. SDS-PAGE gels showed a When electrophoresis was completed, high degree of qualitative and quantitative the gel formed was removed from the intergeneric variations in terms of the electrode vessels and left in the stain positions of the band in the protein profiles of overnight. After staining, the gels were the species studied. The serum protein removed and washed for about two minutes in banding patterns revealed 16 bands across the distilled water. The gels were then rinsed two species.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • VACUITY COEFFICIENT and DIET in CLARIAS JAENSIS (BOULENGER, 1909) in the MBÔ FLOODPLAIN (CAMEROON) Tchouante Tzukam Christelle G
    Global Journal of Agricultural Research Vol.8, No.1, pp.26-37, March 2020 Published by ECRTD-UK Print ISSN: ISSN 2053-5805(Print), Online ISSN: ISSN 2053-5813(Online) VACUITY COEFFICIENT AND DIET IN CLARIAS JAENSIS (BOULENGER, 1909) IN THE MBÔ FLOODPLAIN (CAMEROON) Tchouante Tzukam christelle G. [1]*, Efole Ewoukem Thomas [1], Tagning Zebaze Pégis D. [1] and Tchoumboue [1] [1] University of Dschang; Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural; Department of animal production ABSTRACT: The Diet of Clarias jaensis was studied in the floodplain of Mbô in Cameroon. In order to reduce over-exploitation through knowledge of the food habits, 230 fish caught by artisanal fishing methods were collected monthly between November 2016 and September 2017 in three sites (Menoua, Nkam and flooded ponds). The digestive tract dissection was made according to the standard method. The standard length and total weight of specimens ranged from 10.50 to 47.50 cm and between 9.99 and 1165.59 g respectively. Overall, 43 stomachs were empty with a general vacuity coefficient of 18.69%. It varied between 16.85 and 26.08%, respectively between the dry and rainy seasons, and then by 24.00; 11.43 and 26.00% respectively in the Menoua, Nkam and flooded ponds. The diet characterized on the basis of occurrence and numerical percentages, having varied from one season to another. Insect- dominated animal organic matter was significantly (p < 0.001) higher (73.54%) compared to plant matter (36.59%) and detritus (24.09%). The food spectrum of C. jaensis, with 9 items, showed that it was an omnivorous species with an insectivorous tendency.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Tetracampos Ciliotheca and Proteocephalus Glanduligerus in Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Collected from the Vaal Dam, South Africa
    Page 1 of 5 Original Research Occurrence of Tetracampos ciliotheca and Proteocephalus glanduligerus in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) collected from the Vaal Dam, South Africa Authors: Cestodes are parasitic flatworms that live in the digestive tract of vertebrates as adults and 1 Grace Madanire-Moyo often in the liver, muscle, haemocoel, mesentery and brain of various animals as larval stages. Annemariè Avenant- Oldewage1 To identify the cestodes infecting Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 (sharptooth catfish) in the Vaal Dam, a total of 45 host specimens were collected with the aid of gill nets between October Affiliations: 2011, January and April 2012. The fish were sacrificed and examined for cestode parasites. 1 Department of Zoology, Two adult cestodes, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 (prevalence 86.7%, mean intensity = 15, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, n = 45) and Proteocephalus glanduligerus (Janicki, 1928) (prevalence 51.1%, mean intensity = 5, South Africa n = 45) were found in the intestines of the catfish. Both T. ciliotheca and P. glanduligerus are new locality records. There were statistically insignificant differences in the Correspondence to: infection of the male and female C. gariepinu. Fish with standard length ranging from Annemariè Avenant- Oldewage 40 cm – 54 cm (≥ 3 years) had the highest prevalence and mean intensity while those ranging from 10 cm – 24 cm (< 1 year) had the lowest prevalence and mean intensity for both Email: cestodes. The study highlights the importance of changing feeding habits of C. gariepinus [email protected] with age on the prevalence and mean intensity of the two gastrointestinal cestode parasites. Postal address: PO Box 524, Kingsway Campus 2006, South Africa Introduction Dates: Cestodes represent a highly specific group within Neodermata that is characterised by several Received: 14 Sept.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology of the Tropical Catfish (Family: Clariidae)
    Biology of the Tropical Catfish (Family: Clariidae) with Special Emphasis on its Suitability for Culture (Including a Bibliography of the Clariidae and Related Topics) D. Clay Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B., EOG 2X0 December 1977 Fisheries & Marine Service Manuscript Report No.1458 Fisheries and Environment Peches et Environnement I+ Canada Canada Fisheries Service des peches and Marine Service et de la mer Fisheries and Marine Service Manuscript Reports These reports contain scientific and technical information that represents an important contribution to existing knowledge but which for some reason may not be appropriate for primary scientific (i.e. Journal) publication. They differ from Technical Reports in terms of subject scope and potential audience: Manuscript Reports deal primarily with national or regional problems and distribution is generally restricted to institutions or individuals located in particular regions of Canada. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Fisheries and Marine Service, namely, fisheries management, technology and development, ocean sciences and aquatic environ- ments relevant to Canada. Manuscript Reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report will be abstracted by Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and will be indexed annually in the Service's index to scientific and technical publications. Numbers 1-900 in this series were issued as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Biological Board of Canada, and subsequent to 1937 when the name of the Board was changed by Act of Parliament, as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Is the Dutch Domesticated Strain of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) a Hybrid?
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 6 (8), pp. 1072-1076, 16 April 2007 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 1684–5315 © 2007 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Is the Dutch domesticated strain of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) a hybrid? Nwafili Sylvanus Anene1,2 and Gao Tianxiang1* 1Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao. 266003 P. R. China. 2Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. M. B. 5023, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Accepted 5 March, 2007 In a study of genetic characteristics of exotic Clarias gariepinus we obtained the animals from five hatcheries in Nigeria and sequenced 399 base pair of the cyt b gene. The results show that the exotic C. gariepinus clustered in two lineages: Clarias anguillaris (West Africa) and C. gariepinus (East Africa). First, this strain could be a hybrid between the two species since the original populations used for selection were from different sources including West Africa where both occur sympatrically. Alternatively, it has been contaminated via unwholesome practices. Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, Holland Clarias, contaminated hatchery stock and hybrid. INTRODUCTION The Clariid catfishes, order Siluriformes, are distributed in aboration with the World Bank sponsored National Africa, Asia Minor and South-east Asia and the Indian Agricultural Development project imported this Dutch subcontinent (Teugels and Adriaens, 2003). Two genera domesticated strain (Dada and Wonah, 2003) over a of this family, Clarias and Heterobranchus, with the decade ago. Since the introduction, no study has been Cichlids are the most used in African aquaculture carried out to determine its genetic characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • Fecundity Correlations; Critical Allometric Determinant for Spawning of Clarias Gariepinus from River Uke, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2019 889 ISSN 2250-3153 Fecundity Correlations; Critical Allometric Determinant for Spawning of Clarias Gariepinus from River Uke, Nasarawa State, Nigeria A.C.Nwokocha*, N.O. Patrick**, I.J. Ekwerekwu***, A.O. Omodewu**,. S.M. Lemuel* *Department of Zoology, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nigeria, **Consultancy Dept. Bioresources Development Center, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. ***Medical Dept. National Biotechnology Development Agency, FCT, Abuja Nigeria. DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.9.01.2019.p85110 http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.01.2019.p85110 Abstract- For fecundity assessment, the Morphometric understanding of observed fluctuations in reproductive output and measurement of fish samples were determined and recorded, fish enhances our ability to estimate recruitment (Yem, 2007). were dissected to determine the sexes while eggs were collected, The fecundity of fish is defined as the number of ripening weighed and preserved in specimen bottles using 5% formalin eggs in the female prior to the next spawning period, (Bagenal, prior to estimation. Biologically Viable parameters were equally 1973). Irrespective of its various applicability and number of examined such as; Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), condition factor purposes, it's still the same; for example, either as part of (K), fecundity and water parameters. A total of 67 samples were systematics in racial studies, in connection with total population collected with total length ranging from 13.5cm – 46.9cm and estimation or in studies of population dynamics or productivity. weight ranged between 70g -1800g. Overall sex ratio for male and For all this fecundity determinants, the methods are similar and female was 2:1 and chi square showed no significant difference in rail conveniently into three processes namely; catching an the ratio of males to females.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Whedo'‐Aquaculture‐System in Malanville (North of Benin)
    Description and Improvement of the ‘Whedo’‐Aquaculture‐System in Malanville (North of Benin) DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DES NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHEN DOKTORGRADES DER BAYERISCHEN JULIUS‐MAXIMILIANS‐UNIVERSTITÄT WÜRZBURG VORGELEGT VON MELANIE E. HAUBER GEBOREN IN SINGEN AM HOHENTWIEL WÜRZBURG May 2011 Eingereicht am: Mitglieder der Prüfungskommission: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Th. Dandekar 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. K. Eduard Linsenmair 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. J. Tautz Tag des Promotionskolloquiums: Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am: Gewässer, ihr seid diejenigen, die uns Lebenskraft geben. Helft uns Nahrung zu finden, so dass wir andere mit großer Freude betrachten können. (Rama Kishan Sharma) TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES 9 LIST OF TABLES 12 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 15 CHAPTER I GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND STUDY SITE 1. THE PRESENT STATE OF THE WORLD FISHERY 18 2. THE IMPORTANCE OF FISH AS PROTEIN SOURCE, ESPECIALLY IN AFRICA 19 3. FISHERY – IMPORTANCE TO THE POPULATION AND THREATS TO ITS SUSTAINABILITY 22 4. AQUACULTURE 24 4.1 DEFINITION 25 4.2 HISTORY OF AQUACULTURE 25 4.3 AQUACULTURE – HOPE OR THREAT TO NATURAL RESOURCES? 26 4.4 WHAT KIND OF AQUACULTURE IS APPROPRIATE FOR SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA? 28 4.5 IMPORTANCE OF SMALL‐SCALE FISH FARMING 29 5. CURRENT INFORMATION ON THE STUDY SITE 31 5.1 BENIN 31 5.2 MALANVILLE 32 6. PERSPECTIVES AND OUTLINE OF THE THESIS 34 7. REFERENCES 37 CHAPTER II ECOLOGY OF THE WHEDO­AQUACULTURE­SYSTEM 1. INTRODUCTION 42 1.1 NOTES ON THE STUDY AREA AND THE RIVERS NIGER AND SOTA 42 1.1.1 CLIMATE 42 1.1.2 HYDROLOGY 43 1.1.3 LAND USE 44 2.
    [Show full text]
  • STRAIN COMPARISON on REPRODU SURVIVAL in TWO WILD RISON on REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, GROWTH and Clarias Gariepinus
    Special Conference Edition , November, 2019 http://dx .doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v11i1.4 4S Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 12(1):285 - 292 ISSN 2006 – 6996 STRAIN COMPARISON ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, GROWTH AND SURVIVAL IN TWO WILD Clarias gariepinus (BURCHELL 1822) AND THEIR RECIPROCAL HYBRIDS Umar, B. D. Department of Biology, Federal College of Education, Katsina, Nigeria *Corresponding Author: [email protected] . Tel:+2348168004506 ABSTRACT A strain comparison experiments was carried out in wild Clarias gariepinus with the aim of evaluating the reproductive performance, (in terms of percentage fertility and hatchability) growth and survival for choice of strain in selective breeding. Live samples of wild C. gariepinus collected from River Argungu, Kebbi state (KB) and Eleyele dam, Oyo state (OY), Nigeria were crossbred and mated in pure parental and reciprocal crosses generating four mating combinations (generic crosses) replicated three times in completely randomized design (CRD) manner. The F 1 generations were reared indoor for 56 days. The hybrids revealed higher characters compared to the progeny of pure parental groups in fertili zation rate (84.000±0.270%; 78.265±0.135% compared to 88.400±0.130%; 71.465±0.265%), hatching (77.305±0.405%;72.235±0.465% compared to 80.995±0.025%; 64.555±0.615%) and survival of larvae (100.000±0.000%; 98.582±1.418% compared to 98.840±0.581%; 73.371±0.1 57%). On the other hand, fertilization and hatching rate among the hybrids and the pure crosses were statistically significant (P<0.05). Similarly, significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between the two reciprocal hybrids.
    [Show full text]
  • Osteology and Myology of the Cephalic Region and Pectoral
    Int. J. Morphol., 25(3):453-466, 2007. Osteology and Myology of the Cephalic Region and Pectoral Girdle of Pangasius macronema, With a Discussion on the Synapomorphies and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Pangasiidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) Osteología y Miología de la Región Cefálica y de la Cintura Pectoral del Pangasius macronema, con una Discusión de las Sinapomorfías y Relaciones Filogenéticas de los Pangasiidae (Telostei; Siluriformes) Rui Diogo DIOGO, R. Osteology and myology of the cephalic region and pectoral girdle of Pangasius macronema, with a discussion on the synapomorphies and phylogenetic relationships of the Pangasiidae (Telostei: Siluriformes). Int. J. Morphol., 25(3):453-466, 2007. SUMMARY: The cephalic and pectoral girdle structures of Pangasius macronema are described and compared with those of another representative of the same genus, Pangasius larnaudii, and of representatives of the other pangasiid genus, Helicophagus leptorhynchus and Helicophagus typus, as well as of several other catfishes, as the foundation for a discussion of the synapomorphies and phylogenetic relationships of the Pangasiidae. The following two features could constitute Pangasiidae autapomorphies: 1) presence of prominent crest on the dorso-lateral surfaces of both the hyomandibulo-metapterygoid and the ento-ectopterygoid; 2) presence of a large, circular foramen between the anterodorsomedial surface of the extrascapular, the dorsomesial surface of the pterotic and the dorsolateral surface of the parieto-supraoccipital. With respect to the
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Systematics the Inland Water Fishes of Africa
    Taxonomy and systematics The inland water fishes of Africa l xonom y is the science of naming and describing organisms. It is a highly formalized science whose rules are established and revised regularly by an International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature created in 1895. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature contains all the rules for designating animal species which are the same for all zoological groups. One of its basic principles is that the first name given to a species has priority over the others. It is not uncommon for taxonomic revisions of a group to reveal that some species had been described under different names, because the authors did not have access to all available informa­ tion or had made an error. In these conditions, the so-called priority rule must be applied. This sometimes leads to a change in the name used for the species up to that time. The situation may prove ev en more complex, as illustrated by the case of Schilbe mystus (see box " W ho is Schilbe mystus?"). Another well-known case of ambiguity is that of the mounted holotype of Synodontis xiphias described in 1864 by Gunther, which has a long and pointed snout similar to a swordfish. The species had never been recorded since then, for a perfectly good reason: an x-ray showed that the long snout was a fake nose, resulting from a metal frame used in mounting the animal (Poll, 1971) (figure 8.1). The holotype of Synodontis labeo Gunther, 1865, described later, belongs to the same species, but the name S.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Study on Proximate and Mineral Element Composition of Clarias Gariepinus from the Cultured and Wild Sources
    European Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2, 2015 ISSN 2059-3058 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PROXIMATE AND MINERAL ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS FROM THE CULTURED AND WILD SOURCES 1Obaroh, I. O., 2Haruna, M. A. & 3Ojibo, A. 1,3Department of Biological Sciences Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero P. M. B. 1144, Birniin Kebbi, NIGERIA 2Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse P.M.B 7156, Jigawa State, NIGERIA ABSTRACT Fourty (40) samples of Clarias gariepinus representing twenty(20) each for cultured and wild fishes, were obtained from Labana Farms and Kashin Zama fish landing site both in Aleiro, Kebbi state, Nigeria, and considered for comparative proximate and mineral elements compositions. The fish were categorized into two size groups of juveniles and adults with an average total weights of (72.47±9.05g, 288.43±2.16 g and 69.80±3.22g, 110.70±1.44 g respectively). The crude protein (CP) of cultured juvenile and adult fish species were 28.71±0.61%, 28.24±0.79%, and 29.49±1.75%, 29.23±1.47 % for the wild juvenile and adult fish species respectively. The percentage lipid in the cultured juvenile and adult fish species were 19.39±1.30% and 17.83±0.86 %, while in the wild juvenile and adult fish species it was observed to be 11.70±1.33% and 15.45±1.34 %. There were variations in the dry matter and lipid compositions of both fishes. The cultured fish species had less protein content when compared with the fish species obtained from the wild, while the lipid content was observed to be higher in cultured than the wild fish species.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus
    PROCEEDINGS | 1889 Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Edited by R.W. Ponzoni and N.H. Nguyen Reducing poverty and hunger by improving fisheries and aquaculture www.worldfishcenter.org Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African Catfi sh Clarias gariepinus Accra, Ghana, 5-9 November 2007 Edited by Raul W. Ponzoni Nguyen Hong Nguyen The WorldFish Center 2008 This document should be cited as: Ponzoni, R.W. and N.H. Nguyen (eds). 2008. Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African catfish Clarias gariepinus. WorldFish Center Conference Proceedings Number 1889. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 130 p. Editors’ affiliations: Raul W. Ponzoni: The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia Nguyen Hong Nguyen: The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia ISBN: 978-983-2346-68-5 WorldFish Center Contribution Number: 1889 Cover photograph (front): Dr. Randall Brummett (rear): Dr. Mahmoud Rezk Layout and design by: CIMMYT Printed by: Delimax (M) Sdn. Bhd., Penang A PDF copy of the publication is available from: www.worldfishcenter.org © 2008 The WorldFish Center Published by: The WorldFish Center, P.O. Box 500 GPO, Penang, Malaysia All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit purposes without the permission of the copyright holders provided that due acknowledgement of the source is given. This publication may not be copied or distributed electronically for resale or other commercial purposes without prior permission, in writing, from The WorldFish Center.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Presence of the African Catfish Clarias Anguillaris (Lin- Naeus, 1758) (Siluriformes Clariidae) in South-Eastern Algeria (Ifni-Illizi)
    Biodiversity Journal, 2020, 11 (2): 363–368 https://doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2020.11.2.363.368 On the presence of the African catfish Clarias anguillaris (Lin- naeus, 1758) (Siluriformes Clariidae) in south-eastern Algeria (Ifni-Illizi) Behmene Ibrahim Elkhalil*1, Bachir Bouiadjra Benabdallah2 & Daoudi Mohamed3 1Department of Marine Science and Aquaculture, Laboratory of Sciences and Technics of Animal Production, Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria.; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Experimental fisheries carried out in August 2019 made it possible to report the presence of a species of freshwater fish, Mudfish Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Siluriformes Clari- idae), to Guelta Ifni (Illizi) an integral part of the Tassili N’Ajjer National Park (south-eastern Algeria ). This species is on the IUCN red list as Least Concern (LC) being a taxon that does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Nearly Threatened. Surveys of 16 morphometric variables and three meristics, representing specific distinguishing char- acteristics, established on two male specimens, confirm this determination. This new locality will complete the current inventory of freshwater species reported in southern Algeria as well as the mapping of the distribution of the species in the in the African continent. KEY WORDS Algeria; Clarias anguillaris; Ifni; Illizi; Morphometric; Meristic. Received 31.11.2019; accepted 03.03.2020; published online 28.04.2020. INTRODUCTION recent studies were not carried to update the inven- tory of the aquatic fauna of the extreme south of In South of Algeria despite the existence of sev- Algeria, particularly the Tassili N’Ajjer massif, eral water bodies, the studies on the ichthyo-fauna which represents a protected area.
    [Show full text]