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Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus

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PROCEEDINGS | 1889 Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Edited by R.W. Ponzoni and N.H. Nguyen Reducing poverty and hunger by improving fisheries and aquaculture www.worldfishcenter.org Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African Catfi sh Clarias gariepinus Accra, Ghana, 5-9 November 2007 Edited by Raul W. Ponzoni Nguyen Hong Nguyen The WorldFish Center 2008 This document should be cited as: Ponzoni, R.W. and N.H. Nguyen (eds). 2008. Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development of a Genetic Improvement Program for African catfish Clarias gariepinus. WorldFish Center Conference Proceedings Number 1889. The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia. 130 p. Editors’ affiliations: Raul W. Ponzoni: The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia Nguyen Hong Nguyen: The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia ISBN: 978-983-2346-68-5 WorldFish Center Contribution Number: 1889 Cover photograph (front): Dr. Randall Brummett (rear): Dr. Mahmoud Rezk Layout and design by: CIMMYT Printed by: Delimax (M) Sdn. Bhd., Penang A PDF copy of the publication is available from: www.worldfishcenter.org © 2008 The WorldFish Center Published by: The WorldFish Center, P.O. Box 500 GPO, Penang, Malaysia All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit purposes without the permission of the copyright holders provided that due acknowledgement of the source is given. This publication may not be copied or distributed electronically for resale or other commercial purposes without prior permission, in writing, from The WorldFish Center. To obtain permission, contact the Business Development and Communications Division, [email protected]. The WorldFish Center is one of the 15 international research centers of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) that has initiated the public awareness campaign, Future Harvest. CONTENTS Introduction 1 The workshop 1 The workshop outputs 3 Closing remarks 4 Country reviews and reports Cameroon 6 Egypt 15 Ghana 23 Kenya 33 Malawi 42 Nigeria 49 Uganda 57 Keynotes papers Biology and biodiversity of African catfi sh 64 Catfi sh production and reproduction 73 Catfi sh nutrition and feeds 79 Catfi sh in aquaculture: pros and cons 82 Principles of genetic improvement for catfi sh 89 Genetic improvement program in Abbassa, Egypt 96 Prospects for the development of genetic improvement program in catfi sh 104 ANNEXES A. List of participants 116 B. The workshop program 119 C. Opening Statement and Welcome Address by Dr. Yaw Opoku Ankomah, 121 Director of CSIR-WRI D. Speech of Dr. Kwame Boa-Amponsem, Former Deputy Director General of CSIR 123 E. Format for group discussions and presentation 124 F. Unifi ed report (Concept note) 126 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Agriculture Development Bank, Ghana ADCP African Development Center for Aquaculture ADiM Aquaculture Development in Malawi AFWA African Water Association, Kenya AGCD General Administration for Cooperation and Development, Belgium; (Administration Générale de la Coopération au Développement) AgSSIP Agricultural Sub-sector Capacity Building Project, Ghana AIFP Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries Project, Nigeria ARAC African Regional Aquaculture Center ARDC Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Kajjansi, Uganda ARDEC Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Akosombo, Ghana BOMOSA Research project pioneering small-scale fish farming in three countries in East Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda CEPID Center of Excellence for Production Innovation and Development; (Centre d’Excellence pour la Production l’Innovation et le Développement) CFA Communauté Financière Africaine (African Financial Community) CID Commercialization and Information Division CIFA Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture CIP Construction des Innovations en Partenariat CLOFFA Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa CRIRP Project of the Foundation for Research Development (CRIR) at the University of Pretoria, South Africa CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Ghana DFID U.K. Department for International Development, London DIRPEC Department of Fisheries of MINEPIA, Cameroon DOCA Desoxycorticosterone acetate DOF Directorate of Fisheries, Ghana (former name of Ministry of Fisheries) EAC East African Community EAD Environmental Affairs Department, Malawi EEZ Exclusive economic zone EU European Union, Brussels, Belgium FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy FCFFT Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa and Baga, Nigeria FCFMT Federal College of Fisheries and Marine Technology, Lagos, Nigeria FD Fisheries Department, Kenya FISH Fisheries Investment for Sustainable Harvest (a USAID-funded project in Uganda implemented by Aurban University) FPC Fry production center, Kenya GAFRD General Authority for Fisheries Resources Development, Egypt G x E Genotype by environment (or genotype x environment) GIFT Genetically improved farmed tilapia IAA Integrated aquaculture-agriculture IAB Institute of Aquatic Biology, Ghana (former name of the present CSIR-WRI) ICLARM International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (now The WorldFish Center) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS v IDRC International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada IFC International Finance Cooperation IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Cameroon IMF International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C. INGA International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture IRAD Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Cameroon (Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement de Cameroun) JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo KMFRI Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute KNUST Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana KUL Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium LBDA Lake Basin Development Authority, Kenya MAAIF Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries, Uganda; (Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Industries Animales et des Pêches de Uganda) MALDECO Private company producing tilapia feed in Malawi MINEPIA Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries, Cameroon; (Ministère de l’Élevage des Pêches et des Industries Animales de Cameroun) MINRESI Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Cameroon; (Ministère de la Recherche Scientifique et de l’Innovation de Cameroun) MoFi Ministry of Fisheries, Ghana (formerly the Directorate of Fisheries) NARES National aquatic research and extension systems NARS National aquatic research system NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGO Non-governmental organization NIFFR National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, New Bussa, Nigeria NIOMR Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research NSPFS Nigerian Special Programme for Food Security NUVITA Private company manufacturing fish feeds for one fish farm (Source of the Nile) in Uganda ORSTOM Office de la Recherche Scientific et Technique Outre-Mer, Paris, France PNVRA National Agricultural Research and Extension Program, Cameroon PPP Public-private partnership R & D Research and development RDE Research, development and extension REPARAC La Recherche Agronomique au Cameroun SEAPB Service d’Études et d’Appui aux Populations à la Base (NGO in Cameroon) SME Small and medium-sized enterprises SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TOT Training of trainers UNDP United Nations Development Programme, New York USAID United States Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C. World Bank The World Bank, Washington, D.C. WorldFish The WorldFish Center, Penang, Malaysia (formerly ICLARM) WRI Water Research Institute, Ghana WRRI Water Resources Research Institute, Ghana (former name of WRI) WRS Water recirculation system Note: All references to dollars ($) in this publication refer to US dollars. vi FOREWORD FOREWORD In recent years African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) production has gained considerable importance in a number of countries on the continent. The species has several desirable attributes that make it attractive when aquaculture development is considered. It is highly suitable for farming because it is easy to reproduce, it does not require specialized feed, it tolerates high stocking densities and grows rapidly under these conditions, it accepts artificial feed, it tolerates poor water quality, and very importantly, it is highly sought after in local markets and economically viable in pond production systems. Clarias gariepinus is endemic to Africa. Following consultation with African partners The WorldFish Center organized a workshop on the specific topic ‘Development of a genetic improvement program for catfish – Clarias gariepinus’. The workshop was held from 5 to 9 November 2007 in Accra, Ghana. The Water Research Institute (WRI) was the host organization in Ghana. The participants at the workshop were persons directly involved in work with the species. Both government and non-government personnel were invited to attend and were present at the workshop. The workshop objectives were as follows: 1. To review the state of the catfish industry in Africa (participants were asked to make a presentation on the state of the industry in their own country) 2. To present a series of keynote papers in the areas of: Catfish reproductive management and grow out Catfish nutrition and feeds The application of genetic principles to catfish
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    MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO STRAINS OF CLARIID FISH SPECIES IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS BY Ibrahim Onotu SULEIMAN DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, NIGERIA. AUGUST, 2017 MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO STRAINS OF CLARIID FISH SPECIES IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS BY Ibrahim Onotu SULEIMAN B. AGRIC (FUNAAB) 2004, MSc ANIMAL SCIENCE (BUK) 2011 (PhD/AGRIC/29738/12-13) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANIMAL SCIENCE (ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING) DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA AUGUST, 2017 ii DECLARATION I declare that the work in this thesis entitled ―MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OFTWO STRAINS OF CLARIID FISH SPECIES IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS” has been carried out by me in the Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria – Nigeria. The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and list of references provided. No part of this dissertation was previously presented for another degree at this or any other Institution. Ibrahim Onotu Suleiman ------------------------------------ --------------------------- Name of student Signature Date iii CERTIFICATION This dissertation entitled ―MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OFTWO STRAINS OF CLARIID FISH SPECIES IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS”by Ibrahim Onotu SULEIMAN meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science of Ahmadu Bello University, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation.