Philippine Journal of Science 142: 183-197, Special Issue ISSN 0031 - 7683 Date Received: ?? ???????? 2013

Begonia section Petermannia of Luzon Island, the Philippines

Rosario Rimorin Rivera Rubite

Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Manila and Philippine National Herbarium National Museum, Manila, Philippines

Following a systematic study and recircumscription of Philippine section Baryandra, an initial revision of Begonia section Petermannia on Luzon Island is presented. Using field surveys in order to find as many species as possible, sixteen species are rediscovered in pristine forests of Luzon Island. Thirteen species are endemic to Luzon and ten are known from fewer than four localities. In the wild, many of these species were found to be represented by one population only. These results contribute not only to the future phylogenetic studies of the genus Begonia, but also to help define and refine conservation policies in the Philippines in order to offer better protection for narrowly endemic taxa.

Key Words: Begonia, conservation, Luzon, Philippines, Section Petermannia

Introduction Continental Asia, from the Himalayas to southern China and Malesia are the secondary centre of diversity for The family is readily distinguished by having after South America (Tebbitt asymmetric leaves, petaloid tepals, unisexual flowers with bilaterally symmetrical staminate flowers and inferior 2005). In Southeast Asia, the Philippines ranks first in winged ovaries. As currently recognized, it contains two the diversity of endemic Begonias with 104 species, genera, the species rich Begonia L., widely distributed followed by Borneo (95), New Guinea (79) and Burma in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and the (57) (Hughes 2008). monotypic Hillebrandia sandwicensis Oliver, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Kiew 2005, Tebbitt 2005). The 104 Philippine species of Begonia are classified into three sections (Doorenbos et al. 1998, Golding & Begonias are valued world-wide as ornamental . Wasshausen 2002, Hughes 2008, Rubite 2009). The It is therefore surprising that the last comprehensive majority are placed in Section Petermannia (Klotzsch) account of Philippine Begonia, recording 59 species A.DC. with 63 species, and Section Diploclinium (Lindl.) (Merrill 1912) is now a century old, with no recent A.DC. with 39 species. Section Baryandra A.DC. contains revision (Rubite & Madulid 2009). A more up-to-date one species. An initial intensive systematic study on checklist (Hughes 2008) lists 104 Philippine species, Begonia section Diploclinium was conducted by Rubite with 103 of these being endemic. Globally, about 1,500 (2012). species have been named and there are undoubtedly many more to be discovered. The study presented here deals with the species of Begonia section Petermannia found in Luzon Island. The research includes the re-discovery and re-examination Corresponding Author: [email protected] of previously reported species. The data gathered will

183 Philippine Journal of Science Rubite RRR: Begonia section Petermannia of Luzon Vol. 142: Special Issue facilitate future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in the 11a. Leaves glabrous ...... 12 genus. In addition, actual field observations of populations provide better information on which to base the status of 11b. Leaves pubescent...... 14 each species and its proposed IUCN category. 12a. Staminate flowers 3.0–3.5 cm in diameter; tepals Sixteen species were rediscovered in the wild on Luzon bicoloured, abaxial surface red, adaxial side pink ...... Island. From these living specimens as well as herbarium ...... B. merrittii materials, morphological studies were carried out. The 12b. Staminate flowers less than 1.5 cm in diameter; tepals following is the re-description of the species of Begonia concolorous, both adaxial and abaxial surfaces pink or sect. Petermannia distributed in Luzon. white ...... 13 13a. Leaf blade 9–12 × 3–5 cm; capsule 15–20 × 15–20 Key to Luzon species of Begonia section Petermannia mm...... B. contracta 1a. Scandent herbs ...... 2 13b. Leaf blade 13–18 × 6–8 cm; capsule 10-13 × 10 -13 1b. Erect herbs ...... 4 mm...... B. ramosii 2a. Leaf ovate; base rounded; blade width 3–5 cm . . . . . 14a. Hairs densely covering the entire plant...... B. gracilipes ...... B. macgregorii 2b. Leaf oblong-lanceolate; base rounded or obtuse; blade 14b. Hairs present but sparsely distributed...... 15 width less than 3 cm ...... 3 15a. Leaf margin doubly dentate; inflorescence racemose; 3a. Leaf base rounded; margin apiculate; leaf 2.5–5 × bracts persistent, staminate flowers 10–13 mm wide. . . . 1.5–2 cm...... B. lagunensis ...... B. casiguranensis 3b. Leaf base obtuse; margin dentate; leaf 5–8 × 2 cm. . 15b. Leaf margin sub-entire to shallowly dentate; ...... B. binuangensis inflorescence cymose; bracts caducous, staminate flowers 4a. Capsules obscurely winged; capsules not or very tardily ca. 20–25 mm wide...... B. megalantha dehiscing...... B. pseudolateralis 4b. Capsules distinctly winged; capsules dehiscing early. . . . . 5 5a. Leaf base subequilateral...... B. brevipes Taxonomic Treatment

5b. Leaf base inequilateral ...... 6 1. BEGONIA APAYAOENSIS (Figure 1A) 6a. Leaves deeply laciniately pinnatifid...... B. incisa Begonia apayaoensis Merr.[§ Petermannia], Philipp. J. Sci. 13 (1918) 39; Merrill, Enumeration of Philippine 6b. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed, not laciniately Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 120; Doorenbos, Sosef and pinnatifid...... 7 De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) :151; Golding and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 16; Hughes, An 7a. Petioles 3–5 mm long ...... 8 Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) 7b. Petioles 7–55 mm long ...... 9 7. Type: E. Fenix 28403, May 22, 1917, Luzon, Apayao Province, Mt. Sulu (lectotype PNH, isolectotypes K, US, 8a. Ovary 12–15 mm long; fruit 20 × 20 mm ...... here designated)...... B. apayaoensis Monoecious, perennial, erect, branched herb about 50 8b. Ovary 8–10 mm long; fruit 10 × 8 mm...... cm, the stem dark-brown, terete, somewhat decumbent ...... B. cumingiana and rooting, ferruginous-hirsute, 3-4 mm in diameter, 9a. Lamina rugulose...... 10 internodes 5-6 cm long. Stipules maroon, oblanceolate with prominent keel, ca 10 × 4 mm, apex acuminate, 9b. Lamina smooth...... 11 margin entire¸ caducous. Leaves alternate; petiole maroon becoming brown, terete, succulent, 3–5 mm long and 2 10a. Flowers orange; staminate tepals broadly ovate, tip acute, mm in diameter, with scattered greenish brown hairs (ca. 13 × 12 mm; leaf blade 3–5 cm wide...... B. cumingii 1 mm); blade adaxial surface dark green, abaxial surface 10b. Flowers pink or white; staminate tepals orbicular, tip maroon, inequilateral, obovate 9–12 × 3–5.5 cm, apex rounded, 5 × 5 mm; leaf blade 7–9 cm wide...... acuminate, base narrowed and obliquely cordate, the ...... B. platyphylla wider lobe rounded extending to the length of the petiole

184 Philippine Journal of Science Rubite RRR: Begonia section Petermannia of Luzon Vol. 142: Special Issue

Figure 1. A. Begonia apayaoensis Merr.; B. Begonia binuangensis Merr.; C. Begonia brevipes Merr.; D. Begonia casiguranensis Merr.

with 4–5 prominent lateral nerves while the other lobe styles three, ca. 2 mm long, stigmas in a spiral band. Fruit is acute with 3 lateral nerves, the margins irregularly with a short pedicel 5–10 mm; capsule brown¸ oblong, and coarsely dentate-lobed and denticulate; ferruginous- glabrous, 18–20 × 18–20 mm, wings 3, equal¸ 18–20 × hirsute at the veins (ca. 1 mm). Inflorescences terminal, 4–7 mm¸ apex truncate, base rounded¸ splitting between 3–5 cm long, few-flowered, the basal flower pistillate, the locule and wing. others staminate, peduncles green 15–20 mm long and 3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts green, membranaceous, Note: This species resembles Begonia brevipes Merr. to oblong, tip acuminate, ca. 7 × 3 mm¸ caducous. Staminate which it is most closely allied. It is distinguished by its flowers white; pedicels green, ca. 5-10 mm long; tepals larger size, denser indumentum, and very much larger 2, broadly ovate, tip obtuse, base pink ca. 13 × 12 mm, flowers and capsules. stamens 40–50, crowded on an elongated axis, ca. 5 mm Habitat: On deeply shaded rocky slope up to about 100 m in length; anthers obovoid, ca. 1 mm long. Carpellate altitude growing on rock surfaces at the mouth of the cave. flowers white, tepals 5 broadly ovate, tip obtuse, ca. 13 × 13 mm; ovary pinkish green, broadly oblong¸ 12–15 × Specimens examined: Luzon, Apayao Province, Mt. 2.5–3 mm, 3 equal wings, carpels 3, placentas 2 per locule; Sulu, E. Fenix 28403 (PNH 112558, US 115243). 185 Philippine Journal of Science Rubite RRR: Begonia section Petermannia of Luzon Vol. 142: Special Issue

Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Apayao Province only. and G. Edaño 28813 (PNH 112566, US 115256); Rizal, Balabac, A. Loher 13065 (PNH 112570); Laguna, Sta. Proposed IUCN category: EN B2ab(iii). A small Maria, G. Taguibao 42528 (PNH 112569); Albay, Mt. population was seen at the locality which is being Malinao, G. Edaño 8523 (PNH 34506); Sorsogon, Mt. developed as a tourist attraction. The advent of people Bulusan, A.D.E. Elmer 15262 (PNH 112571); Rizal, Irig, will cause the destruction of this species. M. Ramos 41882 (PNH 112567); Capiz, Mt. Macosolon, M. Ramos and G. Edaño 30742 (PNH 112573). 2. BEGONIA BINUANGENSIS (Figure 1B) Distribution: Widespread in Luzon and Visayas Begonia binuangensis Merr. [§ Petermannia], Philipp. J. Sci. 13 (1918) 40; Merrill, Enumeration of Philippine Proposed IUCN category: LC. This scandent species is Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 120; Doorenbos, Sosef and widespread in Luzon and Visayas. De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 151; Golding and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 22; Hughes, An Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) 3. BEGONIA BREVIPES (Figure 1C) 15. Type: M. Ramos & G. Edaño 28813, May 11, 1917, Begonia brevipes Merr. [§ Petermannia] Philipp. J. Sci. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mt. Binuang (lectotype PNH, 6 (‘1911’, 1912) 378; Merrill, Enumeration of Philippine isolectotypes K [2], US, here designated). Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 120; Doorenbos, Sosef and De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 151; Golding Monoecious, perennial, scandent, branched herb about and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 25; Hughes, An 150 cm, glabrous, rooting at some of the nodes, the stems Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) light brown, terete, 4-5 mm in diameter, the internodes 20. Type: M. Ramos 7431, March 1909, Luzon, Cagayan 1.5–3 cm long. Stipules pinkish to light maroon, Province, Pamplona (lectotype PNH, isolectotypes K, lanceolate with keel 10 × 3 mm, apex acuminate, margin US, here designated). entire, caducous. Leaves alternate; petiole pinkish to green, terete, succulent 1–3 cm long and 2-3 mm in Monoecious, perennial, erect, branched herb about 30 diameter; blades olivaceous green, inequilateral, oblong cm, the stem maroon turning brown, terete, the petioles, to oblong-lanceolate 5–9 × 2-4 cm, apex acuminate, base branches and branchlets somewhat brown-setose; rounded or obtuse, margins irregularly serrate-dentate, internodes 1-2 cm long. Stipules green, lanceolate with the basal nerves 5 or 7, slender, ascending, lamina not keel, 5 × 2 mm, apex acuminate, margins entire, persistent. flat but appears wavy. Inflorescences terminal or in the Leaves alternate; petioles brown, terete, 2–4 mm long and uppermost axils, 4–8 cm long, few-flowered, the basal 1.5 mm in diameter; blades green, mottled with brown flower pistillate, the others staminate, peduncles pinkish spots, inequilaterally oblong or oblong-ovate, 5–7 × 2–3 green 3-5 cm long and 3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts cm, apex acuminate, base both narrowed and acute both pink, membranaceous, rounded, 7 x 7 mm, caducous. sides, or acute on one side and wider and rounded on Staminate flowers pink, pedicels pinkish green 10-15 the other, the margin distinctly and irregularly lobed- mm; the tepals 2, broadly ovate, 10 × 8 mm, tip obtuse; dentate, and more or less denticulate; veins brown, distinct stamens 20-30, filaments ca. 2 mm in length; anthers beneath, very slightly setose. Inflorescence consists of oblong, ca. 1 mm long. Carpellate flowers pink, the separate staminate and pistillate flowers on the same tepals 5 broadly ovate, tip obtuse, 12 × 11 mm; ovary plant both in the upper axils or terminal; peduncles pinkish green, oblong¸ 12 × 5 mm wings unequal, carpels greenish maroon 15-20 mm long and 2 mm in diameter 3, placentas 2 per locule; styles three, 2 mm long, stigmas brown-setose. Staminate flowers pink; pedicels green in a spiral band. Fruit pedicel, 3–4 cm long, capsules 5 mm long; tepals 2, broadly ovate, tip obtuse, 5 × 5 brown, turbinate, 15 × 20 mm, unequally 3-winged, mm; stamens 15-20; filaments 2 mm in length; anthers adaxial wing rounded 15 x 6 mm, lateral wings upper narrowly obovoid, 1 mm long. Pistillate inflorescence is outer corners acute, 15 x 4, the apex truncate, narrowed three-flowered. Carpellate flowers pink; pedicels 1–1.5 below to the sub-acute base. cm long; tepals 5 narrowly obovate, tip obtuse, 5-6 × 3-4 mm; ovary green, oblong, 15 x 4 mm, wings equal, Note: This species is closely allied to Begonia wenzelii carpels 3, placentas 2 per locule, styles three, united for Merr. from which it is readily distinguished by its larger, the lower 1 mm, the arms about 2mm long each cleft differently shaped, longer petioled leaves and distinctly near the apex, stigmas in a spiral band. Fruits with larger capsules. long pedicel, 15-20 mm, brown-setose; capsules brown, turbinate, apex truncate, base rounded about 12–15 × Habitat: Climbing on tree trunks in damp forest near the 15–20 mm, the wings equal, 12-15 × 7-10 mm the upper summit of the mountain at about 1, 000 m altitude. outer corners acute. Specimens Examined: Quezon, Mt. Binuang, M. Ramos Note: A species manifestly allied to Begonia cumingiana

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A.DC, but with smaller, more distinctly lobed-dentate filaments 1.5 mm. Carpellate flowers white, the tepals and mottled leaves, and with the staminate and pistillate 2, oblong-ovate, tip obtuse, 10–12 × 8–10 mm, 7-nerved; flowers on separate inflorescences. ovary white to pink, oblong, 15-23 × 4 mm, 3 subequal wings, carpels 3, placentas 2 per locule; styles three, 2 Habitat: On rocky slope, by stream bank, shaded and mm long, stigmas in a spiral band. Fruits with pedicels moist at about a 100 m elevation. 0.8–1.2 cm long, capsule browns, turbinate, glabrous, 18- Specimens Examined: Cagayan Province: Pampona, 25 × 15-25 mm, subequally 3-winged 18-25 × 7-12 mm, M. Ramos 7431 (PNH 112535, US 115263); ibid: Sta. apex truncate, base acute, the upper outer corners acute. Praxedes, Portablaga Falls, Rubite 113 (new locality Note: The leaves resemble those of Begonia robinsonii record, HAST 111062). Merr. It differs, in its elongated, racemose, simple, Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Cagayan Province only. staminate inflorescences, and the prominently bracteolate flowers that are the most striking characters of the species. Proposed IUCN category: EN B2ab(iii). A small population was seen at the locality. The falls is a tourist Habitat: On a deeply shaded slope growing on soil at destination in the area so the influx of people threatens about 100 m altitude. this species with destruction. Specimens examined: Quezon Province, Casiguran, Cabulig River, M. Ramos & G. Edaño 45277 (NY 118738, 4. BEGONIA CASIGURANENSIS (Figure 1D) US 115274) Begonia casiguranensis Quisumb. & Merr. [§ Petermannia] Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Quezon Province only. Philipp. J. Sci. 37 (1928) 172; Doorenbos, Sosef and De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 151; Golding Proposed IUCN category: EN B2ab(iii). A small and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 29; Hughes, An population was seen at the locality which is a known Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) logging site. 24. Type: M. Ramos, G. Edaño 45277 May 28, 1925 Luzon, Tayabas, Casiguran, Cabulig River (holotype PNH, isotypes B, BM [2], BO, NYBG, P, US). 5. BEGONIA CONTRACTA (Figure 2A) Begonia contracta Warb. in Perkins [§ Petermannia], Monoecious, perennial, erect, branched herb 30–50 cm Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 54; Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 6 high; stems green, terete, 1 cm in diameter, pubescent with (‘1911’, 1912) 386; Merrill, Enumeration of Philippine short, appressed, reddish brown hairs (ca. 0.5 mm), the Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 121; Doorenbos, Sosef and internodes 4-6 cm long. Stipules green, oblong, 15–20 De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 151; Golding × 5 mm, apex acuminate, pubescent, membranaceous and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 35; Hughes, An and persistent. Leaves alternate; petioles green, 0.7–1.5 Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) cm long and 5 mm in diameter, the lower ones usually 29. Type: O. Warburg 13085, February 1911, Luzon, longer, up to 3 cm long with scattered brown hairs (ca. 0.5 Tayabas, Sampaloc (holotype B). mm); blades green, inequilateral oblong-ovate to obovate, 7–15 × 4–9 cm, apex rounded, base obliquely subcordate, Monoecious, perennial, erect, branched glabrous herb the narrower side acute to narrowly rounded, the wider about 80 cm, the stem brown, terete, 3–4 mm in diameter, rounded and 0.5–2.5 cm wide, margins irregularly dentate, internodes 3-5 cm long. Stipules maroon, oblanceolate sometimes with acute lobes, these lobes never more than 1 with prominent keel, 9 × 4 mm, apex acuminate, margin cm deep, the upper surface glabrous, olivaceous, the lower entire, persistent. Leaves alternate; petioles maroon much paler, clothed with short dense reddish brown hairs, becoming brown, terete, 15–20 mm long and 3 mm in particularly on the nerves and reticulations, and the whole diameter; blades green, obovate, inequilateral, 9–11 × surface covered with numerous small whitish dots; veins 3–4 cm, apex acuminate, base obliquely cordate, the 8 to 10, subpalmately arranged, mostly forked, reddish wider lobe rounded while the other lobe is acute, the brown, prominent, much darker than the other parts of margins irregularly and coarsely dentate and denticulate. the lower surface, the reticulations somewhat distinct. Inflorescence terminal, 3 to 5 cm long, pistillate flowers Inflorescence unisexual, in the upper axils or terminal, at times separate from staminate flowers but more often 10–20 cm long, peduncles green, 10-15 mm long and 4 both in one inflorescence, peduncles maroon, 20–30 mm mm in diameter pubescent; bracts white, membranaceous, long 3 mm in diameter; bracts maroon, membranaceous, oblong, tip obtuse , 15 × 12 mm caduceus. Staminate oblanceolate, acuminate¸ 8 × 4 mm, caducous. Staminate flowers white, pedicels green, pubescent, 5-10 mm; tepals flowers white, pedicels maroon turning brown 5-10 mm; 2, oblong-ovate, tip obtuse, 7-nerved, 6–7 mm × 5-7 the tepals 2, broadly ovate, tip obtuse, 6 × 8 mm, the mm; stamens 15 to 20; anthers oblong, 1–1.5 mm long; stamens 20–30, crowded on an elongated axis about 5 mm in length; anthers obovoid 1 mm long. Carpellate 187 Philippine Journal of Science Rubite RRR: Begonia section Petermannia of Luzon Vol. 142: Special Issue

Figure 2. A. Begonia contracta Warb.; B. Begonia cumingiana (Klotzsch) A. DC.; C. Begonia cumingii A. Gray; D. Begonia gracilipes Merr. flowers white, the tepals 5 ovate, tip obtuse, 5 × 6 mm; Habitat: On steep, rocky slope by stream, shaded and ovary green, oblong¸ 12× 3 mm, wings 3, subequal, moist, growing on soil at about 50 m elevation. carpels 3, placentas 2 per locule; styles three, 2 mm long, stigmas in a spiral band. Fruits with a stiff pedicel, 10–15 Specimens examined: Isabela, San Mariano M. Ramos mm, bent back so the fruit occupies a horizontal position and G. Edaño 46749 (PNH 112666); Zamboanga del under the leaves¸ capsules brown¸ wide ovate, glabrous, Norte, Laknapan River, G. O. Frake (PNH 20312); Samar, 15–20 × 15–20 mm, wings 3 subequal¸ 15–20 × 4–7 mm Mt. Sarawa, G. Edaño s.n. (PNH 15364); Negros Oriental, wide¸ apex truncate, narrowed below to the sub-acute Tanjay, Lake Balinsasayao, G. Edaño s.n. (PNH 112630); base, the upper outer corners acute. Leyte, Tacloban, C.A. Wenzel 1451 (PNH 112647); Quezon, Infanta, W. Kobe s.n. (PNH 112626); Bataan, Note: A species manifestly allied to Begonia merrittii Lamao River, E.B. Copeland s.n. (PNH 112632). Ilocos Merr. It differs, in its larger leaves and very small flowers. Norte, Pagudpud, Paraiso ni San Antonio, Rubite 120 (new provincial record, HAST 111068).

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Distribution: Widespread in the Philippines. Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Cagayan, Albay and Sorsogon. Proposed IUCN category: LC. This is one of the most widespread species in the Philippines, occurring in low Proposed IUCN category: VU D2. The distribution of to medium altitude forests. this species includes Bicol Region, a threatened rain forest eco-region of Luzon. 6. BEGONIA CUMINGIANA (Figure 2B) Begonia cumingiana (Klotzsch) A. DC. [§ Petermannia], 7. BEGONIA CUMINGII (Figure 2C) Prodromus 15(1) (1864) 320; Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 6 Begonia cumingii A. Gray. [§ Petermannia]. U. S. (‘1911’,1912) 388; Merrill, Enumeration of Philippine Exploring Exped. Bot. Phanerogamia. 15: 658 (1854); Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 121; Doorenbos, Sosef and Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 3 (1908) 84; Merrill, Philipp. De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 151; Golding J. Sci. 6 (‘1911’,1912) 384; Merrill, Enumeration of and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 38; Hughes, An Philippine Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 121; Doorenbos, Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) Sosef and De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 31. Type: Luzon, Albay, H. Cuming 856 (lectotype K, 151; Golding and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 38; isolectotypes B, BM, E, FI, K, P, here designated). Hughes, An Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) 31; Pancho and Gruezo, Vascular Flora Monoecious, perennial, erect, branched glabrous herb of Mt. Makiling and Vicinity, Part 2, (2006) 468. Type about 100 cm, the stems green, terete, 4 to 5 mm in not not located. diameter, internodes 2.5-4 cm. Stipules green, oblanceolate with prominent keel, apex acuminate, margin entire¸ soon Synonym: Begonia philippinensis A. DC. nom. falling, 9 × 3 mm. Leaves alternate; petiole green turning superfl., Prodromus 15(1) (1864) 320; Fernández-Villar, brown, glabrous, 3–5 mm long and 3 mm in diameter; Novissima Appendix ad Floram Philippinarum (1880) blade adaxial surface dark green while abaxial surface 98; Vidal, Phanerogamae Cumingianae Philippinarum. is paler, obovate, inequilateral, 9–12 × 2.5–3.5 cm, apex (1885) 116; Vidal, Revision de Plantas Vasculares acuminate, base obliquely truncate or obtuse, not cordate, Filipinas (1886) 146. Type: H. Cuming 1897, yr 1811, the margins irregularly dentate; abaxial leaf brown setose at Luzon, Tayabas, Mt. Banahao (lectotype K, isolectotype the veins (ca. 1 mm). Inflorescence terminal 4–8 cm long, FI, here designated). the basal flower pistillate, the others staminate, peduncles green 15–20mm long 3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts Monoecious perennial erect branched glabrous herb about membranaceous, oblong, acuminate, 9 x 4 mm¸ caducous. 150 cm tall, stems maroon turning brown, terete, 3 to 4 Staminate flowers white, pedicels maroon 5-10 mm long; mm in diameter, internodes 4-8 cm. Stipules greenish the tepals 2, broadly ovate, tip obtuse, 13 × 12 mm, the brown, lanceolate with keel, apex acuminate, margin stamens 20–30, crowded on an elongated axis about 5 mm entire, caduceus 8 × 3 mm. Leaves alternate; petiole in length; anthers obovoid, 1 mm long. Carpellate flowers green, terete, 3–5 cm long and 3 mm in diameter; blades pinkish white, the tepals 5 broadly ovate, tip obtuse, 13 × green, inequilateral, rugolose, 10–15 × 3–5 cm, apex 13 mm; ovary pinkish green, broadly oblong¸ 8–10 × 4 acuminate, base strongly cordate, the wider lobe rounded mm wings 3 equal, carpels 3, placenta 2 per locule; styles extending to 10-15 mm length of the petiole with 5–7 three, 2 mm long, stigmas in a spiral band. Fruits with veins, the narrow lobe is rounded, the margins irregularly a stiff pedicel 6–12 mm, bent back so the fruit occupies and coarsely dentate and denticulate. Inflorescence a horizontal position under the leaves, capsules brown¸ terminal, 4–7 cm long, few-flowered, the basal flower oblong, glabrous 10 × 18 mm, wings 3 equal¸ 10 x 5–7 pistillate, the others staminate, peduncles maroon turning mm¸ apex subtruncate and base rounded. brown 15–20 mm long 3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts orange, membranous, lanceolate, tip acuminate, 6 × 2 mm¸ Note: A species manifestly allied to Begonia rizalensis caducous. Staminate flowers orange; pedicels orange Merr. It differs, in its very short petiole and leaves setose turning brown 5-10 mm long; the tepals 2, broadly ovate, only on the veins. tip obtuse 13 × 12 mm, the stamens 20–30, crowded on an elongated axis about 5 mm in length; anthers obovoid, Habitat: On moist soil slope, semishaded about 350 m 1 mm long. Carpellate flowers orange, tepals 5, oblong, elevation. tip obtuse, 13 × 13 mm; ovary yellow orange, oblong¸ 12 Specimens Examined: Cagayan, Bagio Cave, M. S. Allen × 6 mm, wings 3 equal, carpels 3, placentas 2 per locule; 5781 (PNH 150007); Albay, H. Cuming 856 (K); Albay, styles three, 2 mm long, stigmas in a spiral band. Fruit H.M. Curran 12260 (PNH 112674); Sorsogon, M. Ramos pedicel, 8–15mm, capsules wide oblong glabrous 15 × 23483 (PNH 112676); Sorosogon, Lake Bulusan, Rubite 25 mm, wings 3 equal¸ 15 × 5–8 mm wide¸ apex truncate, 294 (new locality record, HAST 115382). rounded below.

189 Philippine Journal of Science Rubite RRR: Begonia section Petermannia of Luzon Vol. 142: Special Issue

Note: A species manifestly allied to Begonia crispipila 1.3–1.5 × 5-7, apex truncate, base obtuse. Merr. It differs, in its long petioles, early deciduous bracts and orange flowers. Notes: A species manifestly allied to Begonia lagunensis Elm., differing in its relatively broader leaves and its long Habitat: On deeply shaded slopes growing on soil. petioles. Specimens examined: Laguna, Mt. Makiling, A.D.E. Habitat: On a tree trunk by stream bank, shaded and moist Elmer 8521 (PNH 112685); Camarines Sur, Alanao, at about 100 m altitude. J. Sinclair and G. Edaño 9554 (PNH 55129); Laguna, Mt. Makiling, M. Ramos 19572 (PNH 112688); Mt. Specimens examined: Cagayan Province: Claveria, M. Province, Bontoc, M. Steiner 41584 (PNH 41584), Ramos 7395 (PNH 112726); ibid: Sta. Praxedes, Portabaga Ifugao, Bauninan, H. Conklin 801 (PNH 78637); Laguna, Falls, Rubite 110 (new locality record, HAST 111059). Mt. Banahaw, Quisumbing 1418(112690); Laguan, Mt. Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Cagayan only Makiling, Pancho and Hernaez 3636 (CAHUP 25231). Proposed IUCN category: EN B2ab(iii). Only one Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Laguna, Camarines Sur, population was seen at the Portabaga Falls that is a tourist Ifugao and Mt. Province. destination so the influx of people will threaten the species IUCN category: LC. This species is widespread in Luzon. with destruction.

8. BEGONIA GRACILIPES (Figure 2D) 9. BEGONIA INCISA (Figure 3A) Begonia gracilipes Merr.[§ Petermannia], Philipp. Begonia incisa A.DC. [§ Petermannia], Ann. Sci. Nat. J. Sci. 6 (‘1911’, 1912) 405; Merrill, Enumeration of Bot., IV 11 (1859) 129; Candolle, Prodromus 15(1) (1864) Philippine Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 123; Doorenbos, 321; Merrill, Philippine J. Sci. (1907) 285; Merrill, Sosef and De Wilde,Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) Philipp. J. Sci. 6 (‘1911’,1912) 382; Merrill, Enumeration 152; Golding and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 61; of Philippine Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 123; Doorenbos, Hughes, An Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Sosef and De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) Begonia (2008) 45. Type: M. Ramos 7395, March 13, 152; Golding and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 73; 1909, Luzon, Cagayan Province, Claveria, (lectotype Hughes, An Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian PNH, isolectotypes B, K, US, here designated). Begonia (2008) 54. Type not located. Monoecious, perennial, scandent, suffrutescent, branched Monoecious, perennial, erect, branched herb about 50 herb about 100 cm, the stem maroon turning brown, terete, cm tall, the stem brown, terete, the petioles, branches and with scattered brown hairs (ca. 1 mm), rooting at the branchlets somewhat brown-setose; 5 to 7 mm in diameter, nodes, 3-4 mm in diameter, the internodes 2–4 cm long. internodes 4-7 cm long. Stipules brown, lanceolate with Stipules greenish brown, oblanceolate with keel, apex keel, apex acuminate, margin entire, caducous, 7 × 2 acuminate, margin entire, caducous, 7 × 3 mm. Leaves mm. Leaves alternate; petioles brown, terete, succulent alternate; petiole greenish brown, terete, succulent 5–7 cm 1–1.7 cm long and 2-3 mm in diameter; blade adaxial long and 2 mm in diameter with scattered greenish brown leaf dark green while abaxial leaf is pale green and veins hairs (ca. 1 mm); blades ovate, slightly inequilateral, maroon and brown setose, outline is asymmetric oblong glabrous, olivaceous, 4–8 × 3–5 cm, apex acuminate, base 7–12 × 3–5 cm, apex long acuminate, base cordate, the rounded, subequilateral, not cordate, the margins distantly margins deeply incised and irregularly dentate and ciliate. and irregularly dentate also denticulate and ciliate; basal Inflorescence terminal, 2 to 5 cm long, few-flowered, the veins 5. Inflorescence axillary, 1 cm long, few-flowered; basal flower pistillate, the others staminate; peduncles peduncle maroon, 1 cm long and 2 mm in diameter, brown 8–10 mm long 3 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts glabrous; bracts greenish brown, membranaceous, light brown, membranaceous, ovate, tip obtuse, 5 × 4 mm¸ lanceolate, tip acuminate, 4 × 2 mm, caducous. Staminate caducous. Staminate flowers white; pedicels brownish flowers pinkish green, pedicels maroon 8-10 mm long; green 3-6 mm; the tepals 2, broadly ovate, tip acute 8 × tepals 5, ovate, tip obtuse 10 × 8 mm; stamens 20–30; 10 mm, the stamens 30–35, crowded on an elongated anthers broadly ovoid, 1 mm long; filaments about 1 mm axis about 5 mm in length; anthers obovoid 1 mm long. long, united at the base. Carpellate flowers pinkish green; Carpellate flowers white, the tepals 5 broadly ovate, tip tepals 5, ovate, tip obtuse 10 × 8 mm; ovary pinkish green acute, 6 × 8 mm; ovary, green with pinkish tinge, oblong¸ oblong, 8 × 4 mm, 3 equal wings, carpels 3, placentas 2 6 × 4 mm 3 unequal wings, carpels 3, placentas 2 per per locule; styles three, 2mm long, stigmas in a spiral band. locule; styles three, 2 mm long, stigmas in a spiral band. Fruit pedicel 10-12 mm long; capsules brown, widely Fruit pedicel 8–13 mm, bent back so the fruit occupies ovate, glabrous 1.3–1.5 × 1.5–1.8 cm, equally 3-winged a horizontal position under the leaves, capsules brown, wide ovoid, glabrous 10 × 12 mm¸ wings 3 unequal 190 Philippine Journal of Science Rubite RRR: Begonia section Petermannia of Luzon Vol. 142: Special Issue

Figure 3. A. Begonia incisa A.DC.; B. Begonia lagunensis Elm.; C. Begonia macgregorii Merr.; D. Begonia megalantha Merr.

adaxial wing 7 mm lateral wings 4 mm¸ apex truncate, BS 46070 (PNH 112738); Capiz, Jamindan, G. Edaño rounded below. and M. Ramos BS 30879 (PNH 112744); Laguna, Sta. Maria, G. Taguibao BS 42505 (PNH 112739); Pampanga, Note: This is a well characterized species by its deeply Mt. Pinatubo, A.D.E. Elmer (PNH 55568); Antique, Mt. incised leaves. Balingaso, M.J. Sands and W. Vendivil 3266 (PNH169911); Habitat: On soil slope with limestone outcrops, Ilocos Norte, Mt. Pico de Loro, G. Edaño BS 5167 (PNH semishaded and moist at about 300 m elevation. 18019); Quezon, Atimonan, Quezon National Park, Rubite 264 (new provincial record, HAST 115348). Specimens examined: Quezon, Atimonan, E. Merrill 3994 (PNH 112736); Camarines Sur, Mt. Isarog, P. Distribution: Widespread in Luzon: Laguna, Quezon, Pampanga, Convocar 85 (PNH 2903);Capiz, Mt. Timbalan, G. Edaño Ilocos Norte, Camarines Sur; and Panay: Antique and Capiz.

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Proposed IUCN category: LC. This species is 11. BEGONIA MACGREGORII (Figure 3C) widespread in Luzon and Visayas. Begonia macgregorii Merr. [§ Petermannia] Philipp. J. Sci. 7 (1912) 310; Merrill, Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 124; Doorenbos, Sosef and 10. BEGONIA LAGUNENSIS (Figure 3B) De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 152; Golding Begonia lagunensis Elmer [§ Petermannia] Leaflets of and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 88; Hughes, An Philipp. Bot. 2 (1910) 735; Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 6 Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) (‘1911’, 1912) 406; Merrill, Enumeration of Philippine 76. Type: R.C. McGregor BS 11334, March 1912, Luzon, Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 123; Doorenbos, Sosef and Nueva Vizacaya, Dupax (lectotype PNH, isolectotypes B, De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 152; Golding BM, BO, L, P, US, here designated). and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 80; Hughes, An Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) Monoecious, perennial, erect branched plant about 100 cm 67. Type: Luzon, Quezon, Lucban, Elmer 9327 (lectotype high, the stem brown, terete, densely covered with long, PNH, isolectotype BM, E, L, here designated). slender, brownish hairs (ca. 5 mm), 4-5 mm in diameter, internodes 2-4 cm. Stipules maroon, lanceolate with keel, Monoecious, perennial, scandent, glabrous, branched herb apex acuminate, margin entire, caducous, 12 × 2 mm. about 100 cm and forming interlaced masses, rooting at Leaves alternate; petioles maroon turning brown 1 to 3 some of the nodes, stems maroon turning brown, terete, cm, prominently ciliate-setose with brown hairs (ca. 5 succulent, 1.5 cm in diameter, internodes 2-4 cm long. mm); blades oblong, dark-green on the adaxial surface Stipules maroon, lanceolate with prominent keel, apex and often blotched with gray, the abaxial surface deep red, acuminate, margin entire, caducous 10 × 2 mm. Leaves inequilateral, 15–25 × 5–8 cm, base strongly obliquely alternate rigidly coriaceous and breaking with a snap; cordate, the broad lobe rounded, the narrow one subacute petioles maroon, terete, succulent, 2–4 cm long and 2 mm or obtuse, the apex acuminate, margins shallowly, distantly, in diameter; blade adaxial surface light green, paler green and irregularly sinuate-toothed or lobed, ciliate-denticulate, beneath, 2.5–5 × 1.5–2 cm oblong or ovately oblong, apex the adaxial surface glabrous, while the abaxial surface acuminate, base rounded, margins apiculate or irregularly brownish-pubescent and ciliate-setose on the nerves; basal dentate and ciliate; nerves 3. Inflorescence unisexual, nerves radiate, about 8, prominent. Inflorescence unisexual, terminal, 3 to 5 cm long, few-flowered; peduncles axilliary, few-flowered, 5-8 cm long, branched; peduncles maroon, 1 cm long and 3 mm in diameter; bracts green, maroon 2-3 cm long and 3 mm in diameter, with scattered membranaceous, lanceolate, tip acuminate 6 x 2 mm brown hairs (ca. 5 mm); bracts white, membranaceous, caducous. Staminate flower pink: pedicels pink 5-10 lanceolate, tip acuminate, 3 × 1.5 mm, caducous. Staminate mm long; tepals 2, ovately oblong, tip obtuse, 10 × 11 flowers white: pedicels 1-1.5 cm long; tepals 2, ovate, tip mm; stamens 30–40 clustered in an elongated axis ca. 5 obtuse, base pink, 8 × 6 mm, the stamens 30–40; anthers mm in length; anthers ellipsoid, 1 mm long. Carpellate narrowly oblong-obovate, 2 mm long, filaments about 1 flower pink: the tepals 5 ovate, tip acute 12 × 15 mm; mm long. Carpellate flowers white, the tepals 5, ovate, ovary pink, oblong 8 × 4 mm, 3 equal wings, carpels 3, tip acuminate, 8–10 × 4 × 5 mm; ovary white, oblong 12 placentas 2 per locule; styles three, 2 mm long, stigmas in × 4 mm, 3 unequal wings, carpels 3, placentas 2 per locule; a spiral band. Fruit pedicel 10–15 mm, capsules¸ brown, styles 2 mm long, stigmas forked, spirally twisted, about 2 glabrous 18 × 15 mm¸ wings 3 equal¸ 18 × 5-6 mm, apex mm long. Fruit pedicel 1.5 - 2 cm long, capsules brown, truncate, rounded below. oblong, glabrous 2–2.5 × 2 cm, apex truncate the outer Note: Manifestly closely allied to Begonia aequata, but upper angles acute, unequally 3-winged, adaxial wing 8 distinct by long petioles and larger fruits. mm, rounded and broader at its base, the lateral wings 5 mm narrowed and acute at the base. Habitat: Scandent and forming bushes upon small stems of tall trees at about 250 m elevation Note: This distinct species is closely allied to Begonia cumingii, from which it is distinguished by its long ciliate- Specimens examined: Quezon, Lucban, Infanta, Mt. setose hairs and by its small male flowers. Banahaw, Elmer 9327 (PNH 112764, US 115351, NY 118747); Laguna, Mt Makiling, A. Loher 6092 (PNH Habitat: Growing on soil in the forest along a small 113090). stream at about 100 m elevation.. Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Quezon and Laguna. Specimens examined: Nueva Vizcaya, Dupax, R.C. McGregor 11334 (US 115378); Isabela, Palanan, Proposed IUCN category: NT. The species is found in photograph by A. Arbias (new provincial record). Quezon and Laguna with one to two populations in each locality only. Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela.

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Proposed IUCN category: EN B2ab(iii). Only one Specimens examined: Ifugao, Mt. Polis, R.C. McGregor population was seen at the locality. (PNH 19860); Mt. Province, Mt. Data, G.L. Alcasid (PNH 1842). 12. BEGONIA MEGALANTHA (Figure 3D) Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Ifugao and Mt. Begonia megalantha Merr.[§ Petermannia] Philipp. J. Province. Sci. 10 (1915) 47; Merrill, Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 125; Doorenbos, Sosef and Proposed IUCN category: EN B2ab(iii). Only one De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 152; Golding population was seen at the locality. The habitat was and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 94; Hughes, An observed to have little remaining forest cover and receives Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) no legal protection. 80. Type: R.C. McGregor BS 19860, February 1913, Luzon, Ifugao, Mt. Polis (lectotype PNH, here designated). 13. BEGONIA MERRITTII (Figure 4A) Monoecious, perennial erect, branched shrub about 1–2 Begonia merrittii Merr.[§ Petermannia] 5:365 (1910); m, the stems woody, branches and branchlets zig-zag, Philipp. J. Sci. 6 (‘1911’, 1912) 386; Merrill, Enumeration with scattered pale-brown hairs (ca. 2 mm), 4-6 mm in of Philippine Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 125; Doorenbos, diameter, internodes 4-6 cm long. Stipules green, oblong Sosef and De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) with prominent keel 7 × 3 mm, apex acuminate, margin 152; Golding and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae 95 (2002) entire, caducous. Leaves alternate: petioles brown, terete, 95; Hughes, An Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian 2 to 4 cm long and 3 mm in diameter, with scattered pale- Begonia (2008) 81. Type: A.D.E. Elmer 6254, May brown hairs (ca. 2 mm); blade adaxial surface olivaceous 1904, Luzon, Benguet, Mt. Sto. Tomas (lectotype K, green, the abaxial surface paler, inequilateral, oblong, isolectotypes B, BO, K, P, US, here designated). 5–10 × 2–4 cm, densely puncticulate, glabrous except Monoecious, perennial erect shrub, 1–2 m high, the stem the midrib and nerves which are prominently brown- maroon to reddish-brown, terete, glabrous 4-5 mm in pubescent, the hairs similar to those on the branchlets, the diameter, internodes 2-5 cm long. Stipules green with maroon apex acuminate, the base broadly rounded on the wider edges, oblanceolate with prominent keel, membranaceous, side, slightly narrowed and acute or somewhat cordate 10-15 × 4 mm, apex slenderly acuminate, margin entire on the narrower side, the margins distantly and slightly and undulate, caducous. Leaves alternate: petioles maroon dentate, the base 6 or 7-nerved, nerves prominent on the turning green, terete 7–10 mm long and 2 mm wide; blades lower surface. Inflorescences unisexual, terminal cymes, olivaceous green, paler beneath, inequilaterally lanceolate- 5–10 cm long, peduncles pinkish green 3–5 cm long 3 ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 5–7 × 2–3 cm, apex acuminate, mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts pink, membranaceous, base obliquely subcordate, the lower lobe rounded, broad, the ovate, tip obtuse, 12 × 10 mm caduceus. Staminate upper narrow, acute, the margins variously dentate or dentate- flowers pinkish white; pedicel pink 1.5-2 cm long; sublobed, somewhat denticulate, reddish to brown edges; tepals 2, broadly ovate, membranaceous, glabrous, the the abaxial surface is densely and obscurely white-punctate apex broadly rounded, the base broadly cordate, 2–2.5 and the nerves are prominent and reddish. Inflorescences × 2–2.5 cm wide; the stamens 40–50, crowded on an unisexual, terminal, once or twice dichotomous, 4-8 cm elongated axis about 5 mm in length; filaments 2.5 mm long; peduncles maroon 2 cm long and 3 - 4 mm in diameter, long; anthers narrowly oblong-obovoid, about 1.5 mm glabrous; bracts dark pink mebranaceous, rounded, 8 × 7 long. Carpellate flowers white; pedicel pink, pubescent mm, caducous. Staminate flowers outer surface is red inner 2-3 cm long; tepals 5 broadly ovate, tip obtuse, 2 × 3 side is pink; the pedicels 1 to 2 cm long, tepals 2, orbicular, cm; ovary white, broadly oblong¸ 12 × 6 mm wings 3 tip rounded, the base broadly cordate, 1.5–2 × 1.5–2 cm; the subequal, carpels 3, placentas 2 per locule; styles three, stamens 20-30, crowded on an elongated axis about 5 mm 2 mm long, stigmas in a spiral band. Fruits with a stiff in length; anthers obovoid 1 mm long. Carpellate flowers pedicel 2–3 cm long¸ capsules brown, turbinate¸ glabrous outer surface is red inner side is pink; tepals 5, broadly ovate, 15 × 15 mm¸ wings 3 subequal¸ 15 × 3–6 mm wide¸ apex tip obtuse, 1.5–2 × 1.5–2 cm; ovary red, orbicular, 12 × 10 truncate, the tips of the wings broadly rounded, the base mm, wings 3 equal, carpels 3, placentas 2 per locule; styles acute or subtruncate. three, 2 mm long, stigmas in a spiral band. Fruits with a stiff Note: A striking species, closely allied to Begonia pedicel 2–3 cm long¸ capsules brown¸ wide ovate, glabrous merrittii, from which it is distinguished by its large size, 15 × 25 mm¸ wings 3 equal¸ 15 × 7 mm¸ apex truncate and the development of woody tissue in the stems, and its base acute. very large flowers. Note: The species is allied to Begonia cumingiana and is Habitat: On steep, rocky slope by roadside, semishaded recognizable at once by its smaller, relatively narrower, and moist at about 1750 m elaevation and glabrous leaves. 193 Philippine Journal of Science Rubite RRR: Begonia section Petermannia of Luzon Vol. 142: Special Issue

Figure 4. A. Begonia merrittii Merr.; B. Begonia platyphylla Merr.; C. Begonia pseudolateralis Warb.; D. Begonia ramosii Merr.

Habitat: In the wet mossy forest above 2, 250 m in high Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Benguet and Mt. mountains. Province. Specimens examined: Benguet, Mt. Sto. Tomas, A.D.E. Proposed IUCN category: LC. This species occurs in the Elmer 6254 (US 115388); Benguet, Mt. Pulag, M. Jacobs Pulag National Park and the upper and lower Agno River 7028 (PNH 103680); Benguet, Baguio, A.D.E. Elmer Basin Resource Reserves. Forest at high altitude in these 14277 (PNH 196301); Mt. Province, Bontoc, McVittie areas, to which this species is limited, is in reasonable 9357 (PNH 9357); Mt. Province, Mt. Panai, M.D. Sulit condition. s.n.(PNH 7494).

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14. BEGONIA PLATYPHYLLA (Figure 4B) Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Nueva Vizcaya and Begonia platyphylla Merr. [§ Petermannia] Philipp. J. Aurora. Sci. 10 (1915) 46; Merrill, Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 127; Doorenbos, Sosef and Proposed IUCN category: EN B2ab(iii). Only one De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 152; Golding population was seen at Aurora. and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 101; Hughes, An Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) 15. BEGONIA PSEUDOLATERALIS (Figure 4C) 24. Type: R.C. McGregor BS 20074, January 1913, Luzon, Begonia pseudolateralis Warb.in Perkins [§ Petermannia], Nueva Vizcaya (lectotype PNH, isolectotypes BM, K, P, Fragm. Fl. Philipp. (1904) 51; Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 2 US, here designated). (1907) 285; Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 6 (‘1911’, 1912) 374; Merrill, Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants 3 Monoecious, perennial, erect branched herb about 50 cm, (1923) 127; Doorenbos, Sosef and De Wilde, Studies in the stem brown, terete, glabrous, 4-5 mm in diameter, Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 152; Tebbitt and Dickson, Brittonia internodes 4-9 cm long. Stipules green, lanceolate, 20 × 52(1) (2000) 115; Golding and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae 5 mm, apex acuminate, margin entire, caducous. Leaves (2002) 120; Hughes, An Annotated Checklist of Southeast alternate; petioles brown-furfuraceous, terete, 3.5–5.5 cm Asian Begonia (2008) 103. Type: O. Warburg 11793, long and 2-3 mm wide; blade adaxial surface olivaceous Luzon, Isabela Province (holotype B, isotype B). green while abaxial surface is much paler, inequilateral, broadly oblong to oblong-ovate, rugulose 11–18 × 7–9 Synonyms: Meziereasalaziensis var. calleryana A. DC. cm, the apex acuminate, the base scarcely narrowed, one Prodr, 15(1) (1864) 408. –Begonia aptera var. calleryana side much narrower than the other, acute, the broader side (A.DC) Fern.-Vill., Fl. Filip. 4 (1880) 99; Merill, Philipp. very broadly rounded, forming a shallow, wide sinus with J. Sci 6 (‘1911; 1912’) 374. –Type; Philippines, Luzon, the petiole, the margins irregularly and rather coarsely Laguna, Calauan, 1840, J.M.M. Callery (holotype P). toothed, not at all lobed, the primary teeth very broad, –Begonia lateralis Elmer ex Merr. nom.nud., Enum. short, acute, the shallow sinuses denticulate; glabrous Philipp. Fl. 3:127 (1923). Type: A.D.E. Elmer 16661, July except for the slightly subfurfuraceous nerves; nerves 1915, Luzon, Sorsogon, Mt. Bulusan (iso, BM, BO, K, L). prominent, nearly straight, forked, the basal ones usually 9, of which 2 or 3 are on the narrower side of the lamina, Monoecious perennial erect branched herb about 1.5–2 the lateral nerves above the base 2 on the narrower side, m, the stem green, terete, glabrous, 10-15 mm in diameter, 3 on the broader side, ascending, the reticulation lax, internodes 2-5 cm long. Stipules green, lanceolate 12 indistinct. Inflorescences unisexual, terminal, branched × 4 mm, with prominent keel, apex acuminate, margin 4-10 cm long, peduncles light brown, 2 cm long and 2 entire¸ caducous. Leaves alternate; petioles green, terete, mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts pink, membranaceous, succulent, 4–12 cm long and 5–10 mm in diameter, oblong, tip acute, 4 × 3 mm, caducous. Staminate flowers glabrous; blades green, young leaves are sometimes pink; pedicels pink 4-5 mm long; tepals 2, orbicular, 5 associated with blotches, inequilateral, broadly obovate, × 5 mm; the stamens 20- 30 filaments 1 mm in length; 9–20 × 10–25 cm, apex acuminate, base rounded and anthers ellipsoid, about 1 mm long. Carpellate flowers obliquely cordate, with 8-9 primary veins and prominent pink, the tepals 5 oblong, tip acute 15 × 5 mm long; secondary veins, the margins scalloped, irregularly and ovary pink, oblong 15 × 6 mm, 3 equal wings, carpels 3, coarsely dentate and glabrous. Inflorescence dense and placentas 2 per locule; styles three, 2 mm long, stigmas in axillary, pistillate and staminate flowers are congested a spiral band. Fruits with pedicel 2-3 cm long, capsules on the same axilla, 2–4 cm long, peduncles green 15–20 brown turbinate, glabrous 2 × 2.5 cm, wings 3 equal, 20 cm long 4 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts green, × 7 mm, the apex truncate, the upper outer corners of the membranaceous, orbicular, 10 × 10 mm¸ caducous. wings rounded, the base broadly rounded. Staminate flowers white, tepals 2, broadly ovate to oblong with prominent 6-8 veins, tip obtuse to rounded, Note: This species resembles Begonia cumingii to which 10 × 8-10 mm, the stamens 30–40; anthers obovoid 1 the species is manifestly allied. It is distinguished by its mm long. Carpellate flowers white, tepals 5 oblong with small staminate flowers and the relatively broad, nearly prominent 6-8 veins, tip rounded, 13 × 10 mm; ovary glabrous leaves. whitish green, broadly oblong¸ 12 × 6 mm obscurely winged, carpels 3, placenta 1 per locule, styles three, 2 Habitat: Growing on soil in the forest along a small mm long, stigmas in a spiral band. Fruits short pedicel stream at about 100 m elevation. 8–10 mm long; capsules, brown, turbinate, glabrous, Specimens examined: Nueva Vizcaya, R.C. McGregor indehiscent, 20 × 10 mm, obscure wings 3. 20074 (PNH 112893, US 115424); Palanan, Isabela Notes: Well characterized by its scalloped leaf margins photograph by A. Arbias (new locality record). and capsules that are obscurely winged and not dehiscing.

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Habitat: On rocky slope by stream bank, semishaded and with a short pedicel 5–10 mm long¸ bent back so the fruit moist at about 50 m elevation. occupies a horizontal position under the leaves¸ capsules brown¸ turbinate, glabrous 10–13 × 14–18 mm, wings Specimens examined: Cagayan, M. Ramos BS 14555 3 equal¸ 10-13 x 4-6 mm¸ apex truncate, base rounded¸ (PNH 112941); Surigao, C.A. Wenzel1 817 (PNH 112937); splitting between locule and wing. Quezon, Casiguran, M. Ramos BS 45733 (PNH 112931); Bukidnon, F. L. Rola 26570 (PNH 112916); Camarines, Mt. Isarog, M. Ramos BS 22017 (PNH 112924); Laguna, Majayjay, R.C. McGregor 22801 (PNH 112923); Davao, Notes: The species is allied to Begonia contracta but Mt. Mayo, M. Ramos & G. Edaño BS 49451 (PNH differing by its larger leaves and smaller capsules. 112929); Cagayan, M. Ramos (PNH 112910); Samar, Habitat: Growing on soil in the forest along small stream Laquilacon, R.C. McGregor 43759 (PNH 112930); Albay, in about 50 m elevation.. Mt. Malinao, G. Edaño s.n. (PNH 34447). Specimens examined: Laguna: San Antonio, M. Ramos Distribution: Widespread in the Philippines. 10942 (PNH 112948); ibid: Sta. Maria, photograph by R. Proposed IUCN category: LC. This species is Rubite (new locality record). widespread in the Philippines. Distribution: Endemic to Luzon: Laguna only. Proposed IUCN category: EN B2ab(iii). Only one 16. BEGONIA RAMOSII (Figure 4D) population was seen at Sta. Maria, Laguna. Begonia ramosii Merr.[§ Petermannia] Philipp. J. Sci. 6 (‘1911’, 1912) 388; Merrill, Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants 3 (1923) 127; Doorenbos, Sosef and De Wilde, Studies in Begoniaceae 6 (1998) 152; Golding Acknowledgments and Wasshausen, Begoniaceae (2002) 106; Hughes, An Annotated Checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia (2008) The research was funded by the University of the 20. Type: M. Ramos 10942, August 1910, Luzon, Laguna, Philippines. The author is grateful to the following San Antonio (lectotype PNH, isolectotype B, BM, here persons: (1) collaborators - Dr. Ching-I Peng of the designated). Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Dr. Mark Hughes of the Royal Botanic Garden, Monoecious, perennial erect, sparingly branched herb Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland and Dr. Patrick Blanc about 50 cm, the stem greenish brown becoming brown, of the National Centre for Scientific Research, Paris, terete, succulent, glabrous, the lower parts prostrate or France for their expertise support; (2) curators of PNH, ascending, often rooting, 4 mm in diameter, internodes CAHUP, US, NY, K, SING and HAST for access to 4-5 cm long. Stipules green, oblanceolate 10–15 × 5 specimens; (3) friends – Danilo Tandang (PNH), John mm apex acuminate, margin entire, membranaceou, Rey Callado (PNH), Anthony Arbias (Philippine Native caducous. Leaves alternate; petioles greenish brown Plant Conservation Society Inc.), Chien-I Huang (HAST), becoming brown, terete, succulent 4 to 8 cm long and Huan-Yu Chen (HAST) and Renato Rubite (UPM-CAS) 3 mm in diameter; blades olivaceous green, obliquely for sharing their excellent Begonia pictures; (4) Dr. Benito inequilateral, oblong-ovate, glabrous, 13–18 × 6–8 Tan – for putting up this publication and (5) Leonardo cm, apex prominently acuminate, base obliquely and Co – for being an inspiration and generously sharing his prominently cordate, both lobes rounded, one much resources on Philippine flora. narrower than the other, margins irregularly and rather distantly dentate, basal nerves 7, the outer ones short the REFERENCES lateral nerves above the base usually about 3 on each Doorenbos J, Sosef MSM, De Wilde JJFE. side of the midrib. Inflorescences unisexual, terminal, 1998. The sections of Begonia including descriptions, 2–4 cm long, peduncles greenish brown 8-10 mm long keys and species lists (Studies in Begoniaceae VI). and 2 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts greenish brown, Wageningen Agricultural University Papers. 98-2.266 membranaceous, orbicular, 10–15 × 10 mm¸ caducous. p. Staminate flowers pink; pedicels green 5-10 mm long; tepals 2, suborbicular or orbicular-obovate, tip obtuse, 8 Elmer ADE.1910.New species of Begonia. Leaflets of × 7 mm; stamens 20-30; anthers obovoid 1 mm long. Philippine Botany 2 43: 735-740. Carpellate flowers pink, tepals 5, oblong, tip obtuse, Golding J, Wasshausen DC. 2002. Begoniaceae. 9-10 × 6 mm, ovary, pinkish green, broadly oblong¸ 10 2nd ed. Smithsonian Institution Contributions from the × 4 mm, 3 equal wings, carpels 3, placentas 2 per locule; United States National Herbarium 43: 1-289. styles three, 2 mm long, stigmas in a spiral band. Fruits

196 Philippine Journal of Science Rubite RRR: Begonia section Petermannia of Luzon Vol. 142: Special Issue

Hughes M. 2008.An annotated checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.164 p. Kiew R. 2005. Begonias of Peninsular Malaysia. Sabah: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd. 308 p. Merrill ED. 1912 (‘1911’).The Philippine species of Begonia. Philippine Journal of Science, Section C, Botany 6: 369-406. Merrill ED. 1912. Philippine plants IX. The Philippine Journal of Science, Section C, Botany 7: 259-357. Merrill ED. 1915. New or noteworthy Philippine plants XI. The Philippine Journal of Science, Section C, Botany 10: 1-84. Merrill ED. 1918. New or noteworthy Philippine plants XIII. The Philippine Journal of Science, Section C, Botany 13: 1-66. Merrill ED. 1923. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, 3. Manila: Bureau of Printing. p. 119-127. Merrill ED, MERRITT ML. 1910.The flora of Mount Pulag. Philippine Journal of Science, Section C, Botany 5: 287-401. Pancho JV, Gruezo WS. 2006. Vascular flora of Mount Makiling and vicinity (Luzon: Philippines), Part 2. The National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) and Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines at Los Banos. p. 468-471. Quisumbing E, Merrill ED. 1928. New Philippine Plants. The Philippine Journal of Science. 37: 133-213. Rubite RR, Madulid DA. 2009. The rediscovery of Philippine Begonia. Blumea 54(1-3): 267-268. Rubite RR.2012. Delimitation of Begonia L. Sections Diploclinium and Baryandra (Begoniaceae) in the Philippines. Asia Life Sciences 21(2): 363-373. Tebbitt MC. 2005.Begonias, cultivation, identification and natural history. Oregon: Timber Press. 272 pp.

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