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Home , Book of Haggai, Haggai 1, Hanani, Micaiah

A FOUR POINTS DIGITAL STUDY GUIDE AND SMALL GROUP COMPANION

FOUR POINTS CHURCH 2020 1 Four Points Church wants to serve you. The best way we can accomplish this task is to instill God’s Word deep into your hearts and lives. By God’s grace, His Word changes and transforms you into His disciple. Freely we have been given and freely we give to you. We love you and pray for you as we study together the beautiful book of . It is our prayer that through this study, your affection for Jesus will increase, as His Word dwells richly in you (Colossians 3:16).

Blessings on you in the name of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ!

Elders of Four Points Church

Special Thanks…

In-House Editing - Jeremy and Allie Brannon

Graphic Design - Rey Ortiz

Contributing Authors…

Brent Stephens - Campus Pastor (Four Points Acworth)

Joe Burrows - Campus Pastor (Four Points Cartersville)

2 HOW TO USE THIS STUDY GUIDE

In each chapter, you will find a brief overview of our weekly text. This overview is not meant to be exhaustive, but a primer to be paired with the weekly sermon. The sermon is where you will learn the theological weight of the text as well as gain a better understanding of its daily application.

Each chapter ends with small group discussion questions. We have focused these questions around our four points to provide clarity and increased forward motion in our mission.

LOVE - Christian life begins and matures with God's love transforming your heart. We ask you the same question - every week. This is intentional on our part to train you to see the love and purpose God has for us in every text of the Bible.

DEVOTION - Love begins our relationship with God, and devotion deepens it. Each week we ask you different questions concerning the actual text so you can sharpen your mind and better understand the .

PASSION - When you experience God's love and devote yourself to His Word, it sets you ablaze. Passion is about burning for Christ in this world and mobilizing your hands in His mission. These questions spur you toward loving service of others in Jesus' name.

LEGACY - When your heart, head, and hands are all engaged in the Gospel of Jesus Christ...fruit happens. 3 TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S

1. Introduction 5 :1-2

2. Realigning Priorities 13 Haggai 1:3-15

3. Glory Returns 16 :1-9

4. Curse to Blessing 19 Haggai 2:10-19

5. Greater Glory 22 Haggai 2:20-23

4 INTRODUCTION 1 HAGGAI 1:1-2

Welcome to Rebuilding the Ruins! Studying the will open our eyes to how God uses His people to accomplish His will on the earth. You will be encouraged as you watch God break through the apathy of His people and draw their hearts and hands toward Him once again. The application for us today is simple: it doesn’t matter how far sin has broken down your nation, your family, your career, your church, or your soul. In Jesus Christ, ruins are rebuilt! If things seem beyond repair, then this study is for you!

AUTHORSHIP & DATE This short book of the Bible was written by a man named Haggai. Haggai is a known among God’s people, and is described as such seven times in Scripture (Haggai 1:1, 3, 12; 2:1; 5:1; 6:14). The timing of Haggai’s prophecy is well dated. The prophecies begin on August 29th, 520 BC and end on December 18th, 520 BC (1:1; 2:20). God speaks through Haggai, during this four month period, a total of six different oracles (1:1-2, 3-11, 12-15; 2:1-9, 10-19, 20-23).

HISTORICAL CONTEXT The books are compiled by genres of literature, and not the chronological order in which they were written. It is very easy to get confused if you are not aware of the specific order of events. The following timeline should shed some light on the historical context of Haggai and also open up your understanding of a huge part of the Old Testament.

5 ISRAEL DIVIDED The Old Testament narrative follows one storyline until 1 Kings chapter 12, when Rehoboam, ’s son, enters the picture. Rehoboam is not as wise as his father, nor is he as strong as his grandfather, . Under his leadership, the kingdom splits into two. The Northern Kingdom is called Israel, and it consists of ten tribes ruled by Jeroboam. The Southern Kingdom is called , and it consists of two tribes ruled by Rehoboam. The Levites remain in the Southern Kingdom as their role is to serve in the temple. They are not listed amongst the tribes because they were not given part of the land during the conquest of (Joshua 13:33).

NORTHERN KINGDOM SOUTHERN KINGDOM

Asher Judah Dan Benjamin Ephraim (1/2 tribe of ) Issachar Manasseh (1/2 tribe of Joseph) Naphtali Reuben Simeon Zebulun

THE FALL OF THE NORTHERN KINGDOM When we are reading the Old Testament events that take place after Israel is divided, we must be careful. When we read about kings, we must determine if they are kings of the Northern Kingdom or the Southern Kingdom. When we read the , we must understand to which Kingdom they are prophesying. The kings of the Northern Kingdom are all very wicked. Though God sends many prophets begging them to repent, they remain full of idolatry. For this reason, God sends Assyria to wipe out the Northern Kingdom (2 Kings 17). The Northern Kingdom is given no chance after this to re-establish itself in Israel.

6 NORTHERN DID GOOD OR PROPHETS REFERENCE KINGS EVIL SENT Jerobooam Evil 1 Kings 12-14 2 Chronicles 10 Nadab Evil 1 Kings 15

Baasha Evil 1 Kings 16

Elah Evil 1 Kings 16

Zimri Evil 1 Kings 16 Omri Evil Elijah 1 Kings 16

Ahab Evil Elijah 1 Kings 17 Ahaziah Evil 1 Kings 22 2 Kings 1 Jehoram (or Evil Elisha 2 Kings 3 Joram) Jehu Evil Elisha 2 Kings 9-10

Jehoahaz (or Evil 2 Kings13 Joahaz) Jehoash (or Evil 2 Kings 13-14 Joash) Jeroboam II Evil , , 2 Kings 14 , Zechariah Evil Amos, Hosea, 2 Kings 15 Jonah, Micah Shallum Evil Amos, Hosea, 2 Kings 15 Jonah, Micah Menahem Evil Amos, Hosea, 2 Kings 15 Jonah, Micah

7 Pekahiah Evil Amos, Hosea, 2 Kings 15 Jonah, Micah Pekah Evil Amos, Hosea, 2 Kings 15 Jonah, Micah Hoshea Evil 2 Kings 17

EXILE OF THE SOUTHERN KINGDOM As He does for the Northern Kingdom, God sends prophets to the Southern Kingdom, calling them to repentance and away from idolatry. Unlike the Northern Kingdom, there are several kings who repent and try to steer the people back towards God. The repentance of these kings prolongs the life of the Southern Kingdom. However, the Southern Kingdom has more evil kings than repentant kings, and God’s judgment is eventually pronounced upon them (2 Chronicles 17:21). This is where another important distinction occurs. The Southern Kingdom is given the promise of an eventual reestablishment and rebuilding of the ruins of their kingdom ( 29:10-11; 44:28-45:1).

SOUTHERN DID GOOD OR PROPHETS REFERENCE KINGS EVIL SENT Rehoboam Evil 1 Kings 12-14 2 Chronicles 10-12 Abijah Evil Shemaiah 1 Kings 15 2 Chronicles 13 Asa Good Shemaiah 1 Kings 15 2 Chronicles 14-16 Good 1 Kings 22 2 Chronicles 17-20

8 Jehoram Evil 2 Kings 8 2 Chronicles 21 Ahaziah Evil 2 Kings 8-9 2 Chronicles 22 Athaliah Evil 2 Kings 11 2 Chronicles 22-23 Joash Evil 2 Kings 11-12 2 Chronicles 23-24 Amaziah Evil 2 Kings 14 2 Chronicles 25 Uzziah () Evil Isaiah, Micah 2 Kings 15 2 Chronicles 26 Jotham Good Isaiah, Micah 2 Kings 15 2 Chronicles 27 Ahaz Evil Isaiah, Micah 2 Kings 16 2 Chronicles 28 Hezekiah Good Isaiah, Micah 2 Kings 18-20 2 Chronicles 28 Manasseh Good 2 Kings 21 2 Chronicles 33 Amon Evil 2 Kings 21 2 Chronicles 33 Josiah Good , 2 Kings 22-23 , 2 Chronicles Jeremiah, 34-35 Jehoahaz Evil Habakkuk, 2 Kings 23 Zephaniah, 2 Chronicles 36 Jeremiah, Ezekiel

9 Jehoiakim Evil Habakkuk, 2 Kings 23-24 Zephaniah, 2 Chronicles36 Jeremiah, Ezekiel Jehoiachin Evil Habakkuk, 2 Kings 24-25 Zephaniah, 2 Chronicles 36 Jeremiah, Ezekiel Zedekiah Evil Habakkuk, 2 Kings 24-25 Zephaniah, 2 Chronicles 36 Jeremiah, Ezekiel

RETURN OF JUDAH God deems that 70 years is enough time for the land to sabbath while His people are in Babylonian exile (2 Chronicles 36:21). The Old Testament chronicles the return of the first Jews who are allowed to come home and rebuild. The work begins with the altar (:1-7). This is an important step because without an altar, sacrifices for sin cannot be made. Next, work begins on the temple, and the entire foundation of the temple is laid (Ezra 3:8-13). However, neighboring peoples of Judah are not excited about her return and begin to raise opposition against the rebuilding of the temple, causing the work to be halted (). For 16 years, the foundation of the temple remains unfinished, and no additional work is done. This is when God begins to raise up prophets to speak to His returned people. Haggai is one of those prophets ().

REBUILDING THE RUINS Haggai begins speaking to the leaders of Judah in the book of Haggai, verse two. serves as the governor of the region, which is still under Persian rule. Remember, Solomon’s temple was burned to the ground when the Babylonians came and took God’s people into exile (2 Kings 25:9). This that will be built is often called Zerubbabel’s temple because he is the leader of the rebuilding efforts at this time.

10 Haggai’s message is clear, “These people say the time has not yet come to rebuild the house of the Lord” (vs. 2). It seems the people have forgotten the very reason they were sent back to their homeland! God has specifically told Cyrus the Persian King to send them back to build His house (Ezra 1:2-4). The first thing Haggai must do is to stir the leaders and then the people from their apathy. The temple represents the very presence of God among His people. Yet the does not seem to care if God is with them or not.

All rebuilding requires motivation. God reminds His people how important His presence is to their lives (Haggai 1:13-14; 2:4). In reminding them, He also reminds us. God no longer dwells in a building made by the hands of men (Acts 7:48; 17:24). Instead, His Spirit dwells in us (Romans 8:9-11)! You may have been a Christian for a long time. You know your sins are forgiven through the work of Jesus Christ (Ephesians 1:7). However, do you feel close to God? Have your prayers become flat and routine? Has Bible study become dull? May God stir us through Haggai to rebuild the ruins of our relationship with Him and experience the joy of His presence in our lives once more.

NOTES

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11 STUDY QUESTIONS 1 HAGGAI 1:1-2

LOVE

How do you see the gospel in this passage?

The wickedness and apathy of mankind towards God is astounding. Discuss how merciful and gracious God is to continue to pursue us through His Son Jesus.

DEVOTION

How can deciphering which kings and prophets operated in the Northern and Southern Kingdoms help us in our understanding of the Scripture? Why is historical context so important?

PASSION

What are some ways we can pinpoint spiritual apathy in our own lives? Where does motivation come from to stir us back to passionate service of others?

LEGACY

Think about how the Southern Kingdom was prolonged due to the repentance of a few kings who loved God and sought to follow Him. Discuss what repentance and following Jesus can do for the future of our families.

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12 REALIGNING PRIORITIES 2 HAGGAI 1:3-15

CONSIDER YOUR WAYS After Haggai’s moving statement regarding the heart condition of the remnant of the Jewish people, he continues with some heart- stirring words of conviction. His oracle to the remnant continues in verse four with a poignant question targeting their priorities. They have busied themselves with building their own houses, while neglecting to finish building God’s house, His temple. Clearly, their lack of response to rebuilding the temple was not an issue of money or resources. They have money and they have resources (see Ezra 1). The problem is that they are allocating their money and resources solely to themselves, for their well- being.

Haggai commissions this group to “consider [their] ways” (1:5). This requires some deep heart reflection on their part. They have compartmentalized their lives by giving much time and effort to their homes and their own work, while shoving God’s presence amongst them to the bottom of their priority list. They have failed to realize that God is not another checkbox on a list, but that He should be the very ink that writes the list! It was evident from Ezra 4 that this remnant has met some opposition. However, instead of boldly and faithfully challenging the opposition, the group cowers in fear and stops building the temple. They use this as an excuse for placing themselves at the center of existence instead of the God who had just delivered them. They have material prosperity and security, but it is never enough (1:6). These treasures cannot deliver and satisfy them as they foolishly think. In the unfulfilling and relentless cycle of work and play, the remnant has forgotten the conditions of the covenant that God has promised to Israel in Deuteronomy. The unfruitfulness of their harvest is a result of their wayward hearts, unwilling to place God at the center (see Haggai 1:9-11 and Deuteronomy 28).

God’s glory has been lost amongst His people and He uses Haggai as His mouthpiece to commission them to move to action and realign their hearts. It is important to note that God’s grace and mercy has not left this stubborn remnant. The presence of the prophet Haggai is evidence of God’s grace and mercy to them, and his message moves them to respond. Instead of

13 trembling in fear at the opposition, they now act in reverent fear to God (1:12). The work of rebuilding the ruined temple continues because of the stirring work of the Holy Spirit through the power of God’s Word.

REBUILDING THE RUINS If we are honest, we are just like the remnant Jews in this passage. We quickly forget God’s grace and we often drop Him to the bottom of our list of priorities. But just as God was faithful to bring back a remnant from exile and rebuild His temple, He is faithful to us, as well, even in our rebellion. He desires to be with us (Haggai 1:13) and the physical display of this of this devotion is found in Jesus, who is our Immanuel (God with us). Jesus is fulfillment of the temple. It is His body that is ruined on the cross as He is exiled from the Father’s grace to experience the justice due for our sin. He then rises from the grave three days later to rebuild the temple of His body (John 2:18-21). Through His powerful resurrection he defeats our greatest fear and opposition: sin and death (see 1 Corinthians 15:55). He does this so we will never experience exile or abandonment by God. In our failure to rightly prioritize God as central in our lives, we must remember that Jesus never failed. His zeal for the Father is now credited to us, so the Father is now pleased with us! By His Spirit, who now dwells is us, we can rightly place God at the center of our hearts, because our faith is in the one who never failed to live out His priorities.

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14 STUDY QUESTIONS 2 HAGGAI 1:3-15

LOVE

How do you see the gospel in this passage?

We all make excuses for prioritizing God’s grace and presence in our lives. How have you done this? How does the gospel provide comfort in your failure to place God as supreme in your heart?

DEVOTION

Read Hebrews 4:12-13. The action of obedience by the remnant came after God’s Word was declared. How does this passage reflect the powerful work of God’s Word in our lives?

Read Psalm 132:1-5. Contrast David’s motives to build God a house with the motives of the remnant Jews we read about in Haggai 1.

PASSION

Read Ephesians 2:19-22. Haggai’s message is directed at a community, not merely an individual. How does this mutual effort to rebuild the temple point us to serving as the Body of Christ?

LEGACY

The temple sat incomplete for 16 years. A generation of Jews were born that saw the visible evidence of the failures of their fathers. How do humility and God’s grace allow you to be honest with your children when you make mistakes, as you point them to Jesus?

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15 GLORY RETURNS 3 HAGGAI 2:1-9

PEOPLE FAIL The people respond favorably to Haggai’s message in chapter one and begin rebuilding the temple. However, after just four weeks of working they become exhausted by the magnitude of the task and begin to faint from their commitment. God requires Haggai to once again speak to them so they will finish the task at hand.

THE MESSAGE Some people are lamenting the foundation of the new temple and comparing it with the stories of grandeur concerning Solomon’s temple. Their disappointment is not in the size of the structure, because according to the decree of Cyrus, the rebuilt temple would have been 90 feet high by 90 feet wide (:3), which exceeds the size of Solomon’s temple. The disappointment is rather on account of the lack of suitable material and the absence of sacred objects (the Ark of the Covenant, carved objects of craftsmanship, etc.). The new temple would never be like the old! They have no resources to pay skilled craftsmen from abroad as Solomon had done, and they could not begin to think of covering the interior with gold (1 Kings 5:6, 6:21-22).

Some people prevent themselves from making progress in new ways because they lock themselves in the vaults of past victories. Our memories of what once was deceives us into dying with the past instead of building towards a brighter future. As in the incident with the bronze serpent, people often worship what God once did, instead of worshipping the God who can still do (2 Kings 18:4). God speaks directly to these disappointed dwellers in the past. God says to be strong, take heart, and get to work! The future is unknown to us, but it is known to Him. We can’t remain in the past. We must understand that God is with us and He will create the future for us! If we keep Him first, we can move confidently into the unknown of the future. God reminds His people that He can lead them into new territory if they will only follow Him. He did it before (by taking them from being slaves from Egypt to a being new nation in a new land) and He will do it again. Where there is despair and death, God can bring hope and new life! 16 God’s second response to those disappointed and living in the past is that He is capable of restoring His glory to His temple. Our is simply to do what God says. We don’t ever make anything glorious through our own strength. It is when God brings us into His work that His glory is clearly shown. God wants His people to know that He is clearly able to bring glory to His house, and that this is His work and not ours. All things belong to God and He never lacks any resource.

God always puts us in situations where our faith can be increased by our dependance upon Him showing up and working in our circumstance. While all of creation can be shaken, when we belong to Him, we can never be shaken (Hebrews 12:28).

REBUILDING THE RUINS God promises His people that although the foundation for the new temple doesn’t look like much, He will make it more glorious than that of Solomon’s. Not only will God’s glory be revealed, but peace will be given to the people. The Hebrew idea of peace (shalom) is not simply an absence of conflict, but a holistic idea that covers all parts of human life. Emotional, physical, relational, and mental health are all implied! God wants His people to be whole and walk in the wholeness of being connected to Him. This is why He sends His son Jesus. Jesus breaks the dividing wall of hostility and brings peace between God and man (Ephesians 2:11-22). His people are simply not only forgiven of sins, but immersed into a life that intimately knows God and His work in the world. It is through Christ that we rebuild the ruins in our day and age!

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17 STUDY QUESTIONS 3 HAGGAI 2:1-9

LOVE

How do you see the gospel in this passage?

How does God consistently involve Himself in your life?

DEVOTION

Have you built stale traditions off past victories? Is your hope in the new work that God wants to do in you and through you today via Jesus Christ?

PASSION

What would your life look like if you lived your life every day with the understanding that God was with you?

LEGACY

Do you cause people to rely on you, or rely on the Gospel of Jesus Christ? Are you a spiritual crutch or spiritual leader?

NOTES

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18 CURSE TO BLESSING 4 HAGGAI 2:10-19

A POWERFUL ANALOGY The oracle from Haggai in this passage takes place nearly four months after his first oracle. In our current calendar, the time of this oracle is late December, well after the fall rain and the sowing of the winter crops. The seasonal setting of this passage reminds the remnant of Jews that their entire dependance is upon God, their Creator and Sustainer. It is within this setting that Haggai speaks, using a contrasting analogy of ceremonial purity that is directed toward the priests.

While ritual and ceremonial purity are not necessarily matters of sin, these laws and regulations are meant to teach the people about the nature of sin. The “holy meat” to which Haggai refers in verse 12 is an element of the sin offering, which takes place in the temple (see Leviticus 6:24-30). Haggai’s point is that the holiness of the meat cannot be transferred to anything that it touches. In contrasting manner, in verse 13, Haggai asks a question about the spread of contamination from something unclean. The contrast is clear. The unclean objects have contaminating effects that holy objects do not possess. The ruined temple is like a dead corpse, which is unclean according to the ritual purity laws. Thus the connection can be made to the powerful effects of sin, which has corrupted the hearts of the remnant in their lack of prioritizing the rebuild of the temple. Therefore, the works of their hands have become corrupt due to sin (2:14).

After this glaring and heart piercing analogy, Haggai again asks his hearers to “consider” or reflect deeply upon their situation. He reminds them that their current agricultural and economic futility are not coincidental. They are in fact a result of the covenant curse mentioned in chapter one. God is not absent from the everyday life of His creation. In fact, He is very present and intimately involved in every facet of humanity. The divided hearts of the remnant brings about fruitless results in their labor (2:16-17). But in spite of their failure to place Him at the center of their lives, God will bless them! Haggai’s words are to be a reminder to the remnant, a reminder of a turning point in their lives.

19 REBUILDING THE RUINS The powerful illustration of the contaminating power of unclean objects should remind us of the effects of sin. Sin has defiled every part of our lives, and there is nothing that we can do to make us free from its effects. We cannot simply wash ourselves from our sins. As the illustration used by Haggai in verse 12 reveals, holiness is not transmitted to us by our external surroundings. Growing up in church or being around Christians cannot make us clean. We need someone truly clean to take on our defilement. For us, the cursed ones, to be blessed, we need someone to take our curse upon Himself. We need someone clean to become unclean. On the cross, Jesus, the perfect one, becomes the curse for us as He bears our sins and suffers the punishment that we deserve (Galatians 3:13). His clean status is now transferred to all of those united to Him by faith. And we can now be confident that our Savior and King walks with us in our trials and tribulations, as the Spirit is blessing us with His sanctifying presence in our lives. What a gracious God we serve!

NOTES

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20 STUDY QUESTIONS 4 HAGGAI 2:10-19

LOVE

How do you see the gospel in this passage?

What do we learn from Haggai’s case study about the power and contaminating properties of sin? How does this point us towards the Gospel?

DEVOTION

Read Acts 17:28. How does knowing the intimate involvement of God in our lives provide us with rest and encouragement?

PASSION

Haggai’s words remind us that God’s Word moves us to action. How does this passage show us the powerful working of God’s Word in the lives of His people, and their response to it?

LEGACY

Investing in futile labor is foolishness. The labor that the remnant had previously invested in had brought about no fruit. However, investing in God’s work with a right heart will bring about fruit as He sovereignly sees fit. How does truth this bring confidence and rest to your life and labor?

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______21 GREATER GLORY 5 HAGGAI 2:20—23

LEADERSHIP IS IMPORTANT The date is December 18, 520 BC, and Haggai prophesies for the second time on this day. This prophecy is spoken directly to Zerubbabel the governor. Many leadership experts emphasize that everything rises and falls on leadership. Haggai highlights this by opening his book by speaking to leaders, and also closing his book in like manner. Most people reading these words are leaders of someone. Parents lead their children, older siblings lead their younger siblings, singles lead in trend and fashion. So where are you going? What are you leading others to? God speaks directly to leaders because others are following them. In order to lead rightly, even leaders need a just person to follow. The apostle Paul said, “follow me as I follow Christ” (I Corinthians 11:1). This is the point.

SHAKING HEAVEN AND EARTH We have studied a great deal about nations. Israel, Judah, and even have all fallen As we move further into history, and the prophecies of , we see that even great empires like Persia have their end. When we read ancient language about heaven and earth shaking, it is a metaphor for social and political upheaval. That is what God is doing in this final prophecy of Haggai. God is always at work in the affairs of men (Job 12:23). It is God who raises up nations and brings others to nothing. In these last verses of Haggai, we are reminded that God has a bigger kingdom than that of Judah or Persia. Our nations are merely practice for the greater kingdom that is coming!

REBUILDING THE RUINS It is not by chance that Zerubbabel is mentioned in the lineage of Jesus (Matthew 1:13). The signet ring of Zerubbabel is the seal of God’s promise to bring His Messiah! It is also not by chance that Jesus brought a new kingdom to this earth. He speaks of this new kingdom 126 times in the alone. While we honor our national leaders and love the country of our birth, a greater kingdom and greater glory has come. Among the affairs of men, God is doing His work through His Son, Jesus Christ! There is no greater leader than Jesus. He is a greater Prophet than . He is a greater Priest than . He is a stronger King than 22 David. He is wiser that King Solomon. God created the world with His Word and by His Spirit. Jesus, the Word made flesh, is God’s chosen leader who saves sinners and brings them into His work in the world (Ephesians 2:8-10). We see this truth in Haggai. We see this truth in us! Remind others of this truth and watch as God uses you to rebuild the ruins of this world through the power of our resurrected Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ!

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______23 STUDY QUESTIONS 5 HAGGAI 2:20—23

LOVE

How do you see the gospel in this passage?

We have seen the justice of God in His judgment. We have also seen His mercy and grace. What can we learn about God as we watch Him continually save and use His sinful people?

DEVOTION

What is the importance of a signet ring in the ancient world?

Discuss the use of cosmic language in Biblical prophecy. Why is it important and how should it be interpreted by modern readers?

PASSION

Hardly anything is known about Zerubbabel from the Biblical text. If God can use Zerubbabel in powerful ways, can He use you? Why or why not?

LEGACY

How does the re-establishment of Judah speak to the coming Messiah? What future significance does the rebuilding of our ruins mean for our children?

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______24 SERMON BIBLIOGRAPHY A HAGGAI RESOURCES

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