KASBA PETH URBAN ECOLOGICAL PLANNING NTNU INDEX
Preface 5
Acknowledgement 7
About Pune 8
Historic of Pune and Kasba Peth 10
Kasba Peth West 16
Kasba Peth East 92
Reflections 138
Glossary 140
References 141
2 3 FieldworkFieldwork in in Pune, Pune, India India – Fall - Fall 2017 2017 AAR4525AAR4525 -- UrbanUrban ActionAction Planning Planning PREFACE DepartmentDepartment of of Architecture Architecture and and Planning Planning FacultyFaculty of ArchitectureArchitecture and and Design Design Marcin Sliwa, Hilde Refstie and Rolee Aranya Fieldwork Supervisors, NTNU, Department of Architecture and Planning
Authors : Group 1 - Bhujel Nitu, Kandratsenka Nataliya, Li Xin, Perez Banda Emmanel Alejandro Authors: Group1- Bhujel Nitu, Kandratsenka Nataliya, Li Xin, Pérez Banda Emmanuel Alejandro Group2- Group 2Karlsen - Karlsen Kristina Kristina Stenda, Stendal, Awusie Awusie Mathias, Mathias, Smith SmithPenelope Penelope Louise, Louise, Zwestin Gomgom Welfry Welfry Zwestin Gomgom This report is the outcome of a one semester fieldwork given the task to focus their further investigation SupportSupport: : ShinkarShinkar Vinita, Vinita, Joshi Joshi Swapnil Swapnil, Gawade Mayura in Pune and New Delhi (India), conducted by students on three different settlements in central Pune: one at the Faculty of Architecture and Design at the being a notified slum known as Shirole Vasti and Norwegian University of Science and Technology two being old-city residential and marketplace (NTNU) in collaboration with the School of Planning areas: Kasba Peth and Raviwar Peth. In all three and Architecture (SPA) New Delhi. The fieldwork was settlements, interesting dynamics of formalizing- part of a research project “Smart Sustainable City informal and informalizing-formal can be observed. Regions in India” (SSCRI) financed by the Norwegian This theme will be further elaborated in the report. Centre for International Cooperation in Education In their project work, students practiced what we (SIU). The one-semester fieldwork is an integral call the “Urban Ecological Planning” approach, which part of the 2-year International Master of Science focuses on integrated area-based (as opposed to Program in Urban Ecological Planning (UEP) at NTNU sectorial) situation analysis and proposal making established in 1997. Similar fieldtrips have been using participatory and strategic planning methods. undertaken previously in Nepal, Uganda and India. By spending one month in the assigned areas Students participating in the UEP fieldworks and engaging with local communities as well as have always been very diverse in terms of their relevant stakeholders, students gained an in-depth nationalities and professional backgrounds. This understanding of the local context, which allowed group is no exception; among the 22 participants them to discover strengths and weaknesses and of the 2017 fieldwork are architects, urban planners, identify opportunities and challenges in each of engineers, geographers, environmentalists, the areas, something that would be impossible to psychologists as well as experts in communication, achieve by applying more traditional technocratic business and sustainability. They come from and purely quantitative planning methods. Belarus, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Indonesia, A particular focus of this fieldwork was on issues Lebanon, Mexico, Nepal, Norway and the USA. related to land, housing, water, sanitation and The semester started with an intensive two-week livelihoods. Students were also tasked to put period with introductory lectures and preparatory their areas and proposals in the perspective of activities at the NTNU premises in Trondheim, the Smart Cities Mission, which is the largest Norway. After arriving in Pune, NTNU students urban development fund and initiative currently joined the SPA New Delhi students from the implemented by the Government of India. Regional Planning and Environmental Planning Students prepared a total of three situational Master programs to investigate planning issues analysis reports with proposals – one for each at the regional, metropolitan and city scales. After of the studied area. This report sums up the the joint NTNU-SPA field research, NTNU students work of two groups working in Kasba Peth have been divided into six smaller groups and were
5 4 4 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
There are many people and organizations who contributed to this work and we would like to express our immense appreciation for their support. First and foremost, we would like to thank the Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (SIU) for providing financial support for this project.
We are particularly thankful for the assistance given by the faculty at the School of Planning and Architecture (SPA) New Delhi: Prof. N. Sridharan, Ass. Prof. Arunava Dasgupta, Prof. Vinita Yadav and Prof. Meenakshi Dhote; as well as the students from the Urban Design, Regional Planning and Environmental Planning Master’s programs. We would like to give our special thanks to Prof. Pratap Rawal from the Dept. of Town Planning at the College of Engineering, Pune (COEP) for his hospitality, logistic support, and in-depth knowledge in the field. Our field investigation would not be possible without the assistance in translation by the COEP students involved in the project.
We would like to express our gratitude to Mr. Sharad Mahajan from the Maharashtra Social Housing and Action League (MASHAL), Arch. Jui Tawade and Arch. Sharvey Dhongde from the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) Pune Chapter, as well as Dr. Meera Bapat and Arch. Prasanna Desai for sharing with us their local expertise and relevant information.
Last but not least, we would like to thank all the local communities in Pune for taking their time to participate in our project and welcoming us in their homes and neighbourhoods.
7
6 7 CHINA
PAKISTAN
PUNE INDIA
round 120 kilometers to the east of Mumbai on the banks of the Mula Mutha River, the city of Pune rests. A CHINA As the second largest city in the Indian state Maharashtra, Pune holds host to PAKISTAN 3,124,458 people within its city limits. The whole metropolitan region, which is spread INDIA over 243.84 Sq.Km and resting 560 metres (1,837 feet) above sea level on the Deccan PUNE plateau, has a population of 5,057,709 PUNE (census). Considered the cultural capital of Maharashtra, this historic city has grown from the river banks into the Pensioners Paradise, and--within the last decade-- redefined itself as the a center for industry- SRI LANKA -specifically IT-- and education. Despite MAHARASHTRA IN INDIA PUNE DISTRICT IN MAHARASHTRA PUNE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION PUNE CITY this development Pune has managed to maintain its historic roots and its historic areas, like Parvati Hill and Temples, Shaniwar Wada Lal Dewal Western Ghats, Lal Mahal Sinhagad Fort, and Rajgad Fort, are renowned tourist attractions. Identified as one of India’s 100 Smart Cities Pune is still an evolving and vibrant metropolis.
SRI LANKA 9 8 9 Historic Pune and Kasba Peth of people from surrounding areas and another After independence in 1947 from Britain, Pune resettling of people after every natural disaster. saw a lot of development, national defense Pune city started from a small agricultural After the death of Shivaji, Mugal attack on the academy at Khadakwasla and the national settlement called “Punnakka”. Later the Deccan increased in intensity. During this time chemical laboratory at Pashan were established. settlement had grown to a small village called as new wards were settled around the Kasba Pune Industrial development started in the 1950s and Kasbe Pune or Punavadi. This region had been and merged to form a single ward of the city. '60s in Hadapsar, Bhosari, Pimpri and Parvati. ruled by many rulers of different dynasties. The Although it merged with other settlement it Telco started operations in 1961, which gave boost evidence found in copper plates dated back to became successful to preserve its identity and to the automobile sector. The flood that happened 758 AD and of 768 AD shows that it was ruled by known from the same name. This core area Rashtrakootas. After them it was ruled by the was getting more and more crowded with the on 12th July 1961, due to the collapsing of the Yadava dynasty and Mugal has also ruled the city passing time, agricultural lands were used to Panshet dam submerged nearly half of Pune till the middle of the 17th century. form settlement and gets urbanized. The old and left hundreds homeless as well as altered There is no precise record where the original core area has its own life which is not affected by the geography of the city. Government resettled settlement began. According to common belief, the city development in present day too. (Queen half of the homeless people in new areas and there were three original villages- Kasarli, of Deccan) raised the land level of Kasba Peth from the river. Kumbhar and Punewadi which combined to Pune again gained importance in the Peshwa Consequently, by 1966, the city had expanded in form the town. In present day also this places period of the second Peshwa Thorala Bajirao all directions. Some people who were resettled are known from the same name in Kasba who ruled from 1720 to 1740. Peshwa Thorala shifted to the core city areas as since their Peth. The boundary of this area are said to be Bajirao constructed Saniwar wada in 1736 businesses were booming there and this further marked by temples like Puneswar, Kedareshwar, which is one of the important monuments of compounding the congestion levels. Narayaneshwar and Ganapati. During Yadava Pune near to Kasba Peth. Nanasaheb Peshwa In 1990, Pune began to attract foreign capital, period it believed that they have built a small encouraged setting up of peths or wards and particularly in the information technology and fort and stationed a garrison in Pune for safety gives more priority in urbanization of the Pune engineering industries. Pune is known as "Oxford purpose. The three original villages of were city. However, the core area of Pune city was unified within the wall known as Pandhari Kot too crowded for further development and it was of the East" due to the presence of several well- which was named as Kasba Pune. becoming a down market area. known educational institutions in the city. The city But Pune became popular with the rise of British defeated the Marathas in 1818 and has emerged as a major educational hub in recent great king of Marathas, Chhatrapati Shivaji. He established the administration in Pune region. decades, with nearly half of the total international and his mother Jijabai built a palace called Lal They developed new areas to the north of the students in the country studying in Pune. Pune Mahal in Kasba Peth. In this Marathas period old city, on the opposite bank of the river. The has become an important industrial city and (1600-1818) Kasba Pune was growing in two city was known as Poona during British rule. besides its large car factories it has become home ways, first by natural increase due to migration Many development activities happened in this to numerous software companies. 11 10 11 Stakeholders Pune the Smart City Kasba Peth Today Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) was In 2015 India unveiled the 100 Smart Cities Kasba Peth is the oldest residential part of Pune established in 1950 under Bombay Provisional Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as Mission. This massive ₹48,000 crore (US$7.5 which currently exists as an almost frozen- Municipal Corporation Act (BMPC) Act, 1949 which parks, gardens, playgrounds billion) 5 year initiative is intended to create in-time Indian town despite the onslaught of manages the pune city. The major responsibility Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic cities “that provide core infrastructure and give a development. Caste and profession based names of PMC is to look after the civic and infrastructural aspects decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and of neighborhoods have been preserved as street needs of the citizens of the Pune. The corporation Vital statistics including registration of births and sustainable environment and application of names and despite modern town planning “the consists of directly elected corporators headed by a deaths ‘Smart’ Solutions” (smartcities.gov, What is Smart Kasba, in its general layout, has remained pretty mayor. Pune is divided into forty-eight municipal Public amenities including street lighting, parking City). This core infrastructure includes: much the same as it was in the seventeenth wards, each represented by 3 members and lots, bus stops and public conveniences Adequate water supply century” (Diddee, 2013). Though it was even overseen by an assistant municipal commissioner Article 243W – The Constitution Of Assured electricity supply then considered to be too packed for further for administrative purposes. The corporators India, 1949 Sanitation, including solid waste management development large houses and wadas pressed up of the administration are elected by the people The 2017 election for the negar sewak positions Efficient urban mobility and public transport against small ones as every possible space was through a popular vote, and almost all the state saw three new officials elected,Yogesh Dattatray political parties participate in the election. Samel, Sujata Sadanand Shettee, and Pallavi Affordable housing, especially for the poor used. By the dawn of the 20th century Kasba Peth Chandreshekha Jawale, and one re-election, Robust IT connectivity and digitalization was densely packed with low living standards and Nagar Sewak is the person elected by local people Ravindra Dhangekar. They will be responsible for Good governance, especially e-Governance and a lack of sanitation. Some of the mansions were for solving & presenting their issues in Municipal the area for the next five year, after which another citizen participation, in the stages of decay, wadas were divided, sold or Corporation. Per the Indian Constitution the election will take place. Ravindra Dhangekar Sustainable environment rented out. Since the flood in 1961 PMC has made duties of a negar sewak include: was mentioned by many of the residents. He has Safety and security of citizens particularly women, efforts to improve Kasba Peth. This has included Urban planning including town planning served as negar sewak for several terms already children and the elderly the creation of high-rise buildings in place of Regulation of land-use and construction of and Kasba Peth is very happy with him. Many Health and education slums, public water taps, and wider roads. buildings residents told us how Dhangekar visits every 15 (smartcities.gov, What is Smart City) Planning for economic and social development days and has his own app for them to register Pune’s smart city plan focuses on both immediate provide facilities like Roads and bridges, Water complaints with. The other nagar sewaks--Samel, needs and planning for a future population growth supply, Public health, sanitation conservancy, Shettee, and Jawale--were recently elected and the up to four times the current five million. With the Fire services and solid waste management residents we spoke to could not talk about their plan the Pune of the future has more efficient Urban forestry, protection of the environment and effectiveness but were hopeful they would work as public transportation and is slum free. promotion of ecological aspects well as Dhangekar has. Slum improvement and up-gradation
13 12 13 INTACH was founded in 1984 in New Delhi with “recognized handicraft” with DC handicraft, GOI the vision to create a membership organization (INTACH Pune). to stimulate and spearhead heritage awareness and conservation in India. This is a non-profit Religious organizations charitable organization registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. They play a There are many religious organizations vital role in the listing, documentation and established by the communities in Kasba Peth. conservation of historic structures and precincts In such organization, local themselves elect the of architectural, historical and cultural value. leader who look after all the activities done by Their mission to conserve heritage is based on it. The members in these types of communities the belief that living in harmony with heritage varies and any age group active and interested enhances the quality of life. people can be a member. They are mainly active In Pune also this organization has been actively during festivals. They conduct group programs involved in the conservation and restoration for celebrating festivals with the society and looks of various city monuments. INTACH, in its after their community temples. endeavor to maintain the heritage character of the city, surveyed the entire city and drew up a list of heritage structures, which has been largely adopted by the city corporation. They aim to follow through on the heritage list and see that it is notified and the structure protected (INTACH Pune). They have also taken initiative for the conservation of the art and craft of the Pune city. Warsaa- the Heritage Shop at Shaniwar wada is a project initiated by INTACH which is trying to promote and create awareness about Pune, local craft and its heritage. Other activities carried by INTACH are the heritage walk through crafts lane, baseline survey of crafts and undertaking presentations at various gatherings and forums. They also have been able to registered Tambat craft as a
14 15 15 KASBA PETH WEST
he study area is located in the western part of Kasba Peth along the Mutha Triver and Veer Santaji Ghorpade Road from the North, Dagadi Pool Road from the west and its southern side borders with Gate road (Agarwal road). The settlement is about 41,300 sq meters. It is the oldest residential area of Pune with narrow roads leading to wadas and other residential buildings. The valuable heritage of historic settlements can be readily sensed while walking in this area. Regarding land ownership, only two plots, the butcher market and the PMC-office, are governmental while the rest are private.
Kasba Peth households
16 17 SITUATION ANALYSIS
18 19 DANGAL BRIDGE RD
VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD
VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD
DANGAL BRIDGE RD
BABURAO AHWAD PATH
VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD
LATA DADASAHEBGIRAME PTH
LANDUSE DAGADI POOL RD POOL DAGADI
In the study area of Kasba mixed (mostly residential Peth, approximately 78% of the and commercial mixed) land settlement's land is in relatively use, the study area is also dense residential use (excluding well-known for its small- 4% of undeclared slums area) scale copper making and and, according to the land-use paper production industry.
KAGDIPURA RD KAGDIPURA VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD RANGBOALADKAT PATH map provided by PMC, only In Kumbar Wada, the highest 4% is used as commercial. population densities coincide However, the ground floor of with the mixed land use areas. many of street front residential The population distribution of Being historically developed the old city has buildings along Dagadi Pool religion, for instance Hindu primarily mixed land use areas, where city’s major BABURAO AHWAD PATH Road and Agarwal Road are and Islam, is relatively even, trade-commerce activities take place, along with used for commercial purposes. it is estimated that 3% of land residential use. (PMC development plan, 2041, vol.1, Apart from residential and is used for religious activities. page 81).
LATA DADASAHEBGIRAME PTH DAGADI POOL RD POOL DAGADI Public/Semipublic Slum
AGARWAL RD
Commercial KAGDIPURA RD KAGDIPURA In the absence of documented information of the RANGBOALADKAT PATH exact population of the studied area we approximated the population density based on the assumptions Mixed land use made in the PMC Development Plan 2041 and calculated area in Ha (hectares): 1797*(4.13Hec)= 7412 Residential Besides, we should take into account that part of our area which is called Kumbar wada* is considered to be the most dense in comparison with the whole Kasba. Therefore, the real population number might be much higher. AGARWAL RD
20 21 These builders then profited Traditional building a slum is defined as: by selling the remaining flats. This practice is continuing (a) any area is or may Wadas and row houses are the the ground floor. Most be a source of danger predominant typology of the residents of these houses with many wadas being to the health, safety or area. Wada is a large, two or are landowners, only a few demolished, or considered convenience of the public more storey, building typically inhabitants are tenants. for demolition. Though it is of that area or of its counterintuitive, because of neighborhood, by reason of with groups of rooms arranged the area having inadequate around an open courtyard. bylaws regulating how far new or no basic amenities, or These traditional buildings Modern buildings construction must be from the being insanitary, squalid, were built with local materials road, new apartments tend to overcrowded or otherwise; such as bricks, limestone and Some residents have have more open space which is or demolished their old timber. They have thick walls used for parking. (b) The buildings in any which aid in insulation and structured buildings and area, used or intended to be Slums reduce the effects of noise constructed modern ones used for human habitation are pollution. Wadas are inhabited featuring new architectural Besides traditional housing by one or two families with designs. These modern and apartments built within (i) in any respect, unfit for shared washing facilities in a buildings are concentrated in the last 15 years, there are so- human habitation; or common area. Originally, the the Bhoi community where called slums in the area. There most residents own their (ii) by reasons of ground floor of the front facade are several plots that can be dilapidation, overcrowding, had commercial purposes, houses and can finance the new defined as slums according faulty arrangement and today however most wadas are construction by themselves. to the definition of slum* design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty entirely residential. The wadas, Apartments provided by Maharashtra Slum arrangement of streets, many of which are over 80 Areas Act, 1971. These areas lack of ventilation, light years old, have been neglected Five to seven storey apartment have families of four or five or sanitation facilities and are in bad condition. buildings are found mainly or any combination of in the mixed residential people sharing a small space these factors, detrimental The row houses around the fish to the health, safety or community. Landowners who, (for instance 4.5 m2 ) and market in the core of Kasba convenience of the public due to rent control, were not of that area, the Competent Peth are mixed-use buildings. sharing public toilets. Despite receiving enough income Authority may, by Mixed-use refers to buildings meeting the requirements of notification in the Official demolished their old wadas. Gazette, declare such area that serve both residential and the Slum Areas Act, the slum is commercial purposes. They Rather than renovate the to be a slum area. When a not declared and the residents settlement is recognized by are typically no more than two wada, the land was given to the local municipality as storeys and made of bricks, builders who would construct do not call this area a slum. As one where living conditions concrete, timber and stones in an apartment building creating these areas meet the criteria of are below a specified standard, it is ‘declared’ the plinth level. Some of them space for the owner and slum defined by the Slum Areas under the Maharashtra have temporary structures current tenants. Slum Improvement Act made by CGI (put what CGI is Act but are not declared by PMC (1971) as ‘slum dwelling’. in these parenthesis) sheet on it is an undeclared slum area. . Aparment building Row house 22 23 Street/Ground floor situation in Apartments building Street/Ground floor situation in a Traditional Wada
The living situations is very different from the In terms of climate and comfort, wadas provides It is important to understand that the big changes Having moved to apartments people lost this apartments to the traditional Wadas in several shading for the common areas in the ground that occur in the social sphere after moving space and each living unit become more closed, aspects. Wadas and it's courtyard creates floor and in the courtyard. people from traditional houses to modern thus losing the social asset of a community. semipublic areas for recreation and common apartments. As we can see from the pictures, This type of building promote a street level activities. In the other hand new apartment interaction. Contrary with the situation in the in row types of housing people have social space building prioritizes parking spaces than apartments where the street level is disconnected both on the parapets of their houses and on the common areas. from the living spaces. part of the road, where the water tap is situated. 24 25 26 27 DANGAL BRIDGE RD
VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Executive bodies community. He also has some Communities visions for the development Nagar Sewak of this area and locals also Many of the families in Kasba There are four Nagar Sewaks have positive attitude towards Peth West have lived in the area elected for ward 16 (Kasba Peth) him. Yogesh Dattatray Samel for generations. Historically Kumbhar who are responsible for solving belongs to the ruling party so the area was organized by the issues for local residents. he has more privileges in the VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD caste system and occupation These leaders are elected for allocation of budget for the Bhoi five years terms, and there development of this area. creating distinct and separate are no term limits. All four communities. Though much of this members represent different organization remains, the different Muslim political parties and therefore PMC Office communities live in harmony and have competitive relationships. There is a small PMC cooperation. There are two notable Even though all four leaders LATA DADASAHEBGIRAME PTH are equally responsible for department that looks after communities in our area the RD POOL DAGADI the area, local people are the cleanliness of the streets Kumbar and the Bhoi which are Diverse only familiar with two of and public toilets in the study defined by residents’ profession, area. The 35 workers do their them: Ravindra Dhangekar or that of their ancestors’.
and Yogesh Dattatray Samel. duties from 6:00 to 10:30 and
Since Ravindra Dhangekar from 11:30 to 13:00. Their RD KAGDIPURA RANGBOALADKAT PATH has served four consecutive responsibilities include: terms for Raviwar Peth, he is cleanliness of public toilets, very well known in the entire street sweeping, and garbage Kasba area for his good works collection. The garbage is then in that community. Though placed in a large container it is his first time elected for at the corner of Veer Santaji our study area, he is aware of Ghorpade Road, and PMC’s the problems and issues of the sanitary department collects it.
AGARWAL RD
Communities distribution map made in collaboration with the residents. Bhoi community residents Khumbar
In this community, people work and Diwali. Residents in Kumbar with clay or a clay-gypsum mixture. Wada live on small plots of land. Kumbars have kept their traditional Their living space along the side of craftsmanship alive in Pune since Veer Santaji Ghorpade Road acts as Maratha reign (1674-1818). They shop, workshop, home, and storage. make clay items like earthen pots, Across the street, potters who were idols, hanging bells, lamps, diyas etc. moved out of the area when the Kumbars used to collect their clay road was raised, have their stalls and from the nearby Mutha River, but commute from other areas of Pune. when the road was raised after the flood in 1961 they lost the river as a source of material. Nowadays the clay comes from a factory behind Kamala Neru Hospital, Mangalwar Peth, and some even import their clays from Gujarat. Kumbars produce their pottery items throughout the year, but they become busier during festivals like Ganesh Utsab, Navratri
Pottery Market in Veer Santaji Rd 30 Bhoi
This community is connected city). The Bhoi community has or used to be connected to a hindu temple which was built the fishing industry. Kasba by their collected money. Peth’s fish is known for its The fish market is one of the quality throughout Pune. most important social spaces Many residents left the in this community. Based on fishing business and now the interviews we found out work in private sectors. When that people used to catch fish compared to Kumbar, Bhoi from the nearby river in Pune, residents have more space. The but due to the encroachment streets in this area are wider, on the river and pollution most residents own their home they are unable to still fish and very few rent. This area is there. Nowadays, people go characterised by its traditional to Mumbai in the evening buildings and social structure. and get fresh fish from there. This area has the oldest Wada They come back early in the in Kasba Peth, Sundrabai morning and sell them in the Pardeshi Wada which is named fish market area. In fish market after the first owner. This area area streets are the main also has modern buildings social space where fish traders which were constructed by the work, children play, and local government grants after the residents meet. A building flood in 1961. Older buildings near the fish market has a are timber framed houses with porch which is considered as brick infill whereas those from a semi-private area and is used the late 1960’s are concrete as a social space. structures. One such building is a four storey community house which was built by local authorities in 1968, together with two small temples (Pune
32 33 Muslim & Mixed
We also noticed the community old wadas. This area has toilets and showers to wash. which does not have common wider road and parking space He claimed that his mother field of activity and mostly but lack playing space for moved from Rajasthan to connected by religion. Muslim children. They have a religious residents are mostly located Pune for a better life. His around the Mosque Kagdi organization which looks after mother is no longer with them
Pura. the religious activities like but they continue to live in the
There is an open area attached taking care of temples and same area. This family is from to the Mosque where children conducting religious activities. the sweet-makers caste, so play and adults gather in the Several families moved to they run a sweet shop nearby. evenings for socialization Pune and settled in Kasba Peth Near this mosque there is a Perhaps most importantly, from nearby villages and cities undeclared slum area home we learned that they also a long time ago. There are also to many Muslim community more immigrant families in have their own house in the members. Twelve families this area. Interviews revealed outskirts of Pune, but because are living in a rented house that the main reason of moving along with the landowner. As of the good location of Kasba to Pune was the pursuit of new they have less space, they use Peth and its proximity to the opportunities. We interviewed public toilets and public water with Jitendra, a resident of workplace they prefer to rent taps built by PMC. Kumbar Wada who lives in a this small place. In some parts of area it is rented place with his wife in one small room which acts impossible to define the as kitchen, living room and certain community due to bedroom. A big part of the diversity of profession and room is allotted for a holy religion. We defined such corner. Everything looked very area as “mixed”. This area simple and time-worn, but also very cozy and clean. There has modern apartments was no indoor washroom, constructed by demolishing so they used common 34 DANGAL BRIDGE RD
VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD
There are three main streets around the area, which are constantly full of traffic. In contrast, the inside roads are more calm and not really used for through traffic – it is mainly for Social Economic the residents and eventually those The study area has a strong The most vibrant place in this lost this space and each living family there is a staff of five who have a specific purpose such as sense of community, whenever area is the fish market. This unit become more closed, women. Due to competition the going to the gym or to the market. we visited the area we saw market is the oldest in Pune. thus losing the social asset of a business is not doing as well as some social activities going The marketplace is open from community. it once was. Commercial use on regardless of the time of 10 am to 2:30 pm on weekdays, The north-west part of Kumbar On the South, where we day. Residents are often seen the whole day on Sunday and it Wada represents pot and statues temporarily named it a “mixed” VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD socializing in the evening is closed on Saturday. There is a Pottery making. Walking around the area there is a very big range time by sitting on the benches fish market, a vegetable market area it is almost impossible to of businesses. Here you can near to their house, children and a butcher shop in the area. find any free space which is not find hairdressers, tailors, and Workshop playing in streets, and elderly There is another street which cluttered with clay products. shopkeepers. Also there is a BABURAO AHWAD PATH gathering in a temple area. One is used as a fruit market in the Their work can be called small recycle center run by Store of the most socializing spaces early morning. seasoned since they have the a man who does not live in in our area is the fish market, most loaded schedule before Kasba Peth. People from the which opens in the morning The vegetables and fruit sellers Tailor the main whole area come to this center till mid day. Nowadays the bring their goods from the cheap market near Swargate to trade garbage and they will younger generation--mainly Indian holiday – Diwali. After Recycling Station LATA DADASAHEBGIRAME PTH while fish sellers go to Mumbai receive a small amount of the boys--are going to a gym for this holiday Kumbar residents RD POOL DAGADI every day to get fresh fish. money in return. Further the relaxation which was designed have two months of holiday Conversation Point The attractively low prices in recycle center will deliver this for public use by community and then again start to prepare Kasba Peth attract residents garbage to bigger recycling above one of the public toilets. for Diwali and other Hindu Fish Market in the surrounding areas to points and will receive money holidays. Community Center The fish market area used to the markets. According to for it. Even production of Printing Services have a community house but the interview of one of the Majority of women in the area copper dishes comes from the
it never has been used for its shop owners from the mutton work as homemakers, whereas large Tambar community big Beauty Salon KAGDIPURA RD KAGDIPURA purpose. This building has four market, due to good location men are autorickshaws drivers. community which is mainly RANGBOALADKAT PATH Restaurant storeys where the ground floor they have a successful business. Apart from that, there are some situated on the west from the PMC Office is a gym, the first floor used to It is important to understand small scale businesses in this study area. Six people work Poultry be a community office but now that the big changes that area run by families. in this small copper industry. Butcher is empty, the second floor is occur in the social sphere after Special machines are installed residential and the third floor moving people from traditional In one of the row houses on to make copper pots, plates etc. Mosque is a high school for girls aged houses to modern apartments. fish market street, there is a Surprisingly, in the area there Vegetable Market from eight to ten. As we can see from the pictures, small business of Rangoli*. The Gym are not many street vendors or in row types of housing people family has run this business for 20 years. They make different hawkers. have social space both on the Public toilets parapets of their houses and on Rangoli designs using different the part of the road, where the colours in a sieve. They receive Water basins water tap is situated. Having orders from the dealer who AGARWAL RD moved to apartments people sells their products all over the Garbage dumpster India. In addition to the 36 37 Vegetable and Fish Marked
38 Cultural aspects society organize a special However, some people do not owners do not have any profit program in their community want to leave the area due to from buildings to maintain Kasba Peth West has its own to celebrate the festivals in a either emotional attachment it and they do not even allow culture, tradition, and social group. to the building or due to their tenants to renovate it. practices which have been poor financial status. The other preserved from generations. For this purpose many Informal business reason people do not want to Kumbar Wada is a unique place religious communities had leave this place is the central The fish and vegetable market where an ancient expression been established where every location which provides easy of Western Kasba has a social of art and culture has not age group of people can be a access nearby facilities for importance. In the mutton only survived, but remained member of the community. instance education, health market all shop owners need to a viable profession. In Bhoi People of different religions and marketplace. It says in the have a license and they pay tax community, one can find respect their religions and development plan that after annually to PMC. But the sellers their presiding deity. They are celebrate each other’s festivals. receiving notice if people do not in the fish market run their constructed either from scratch Muslim residents can be take action they will be charged business without any licence or renovating the old temple seen celebrating Diwali and or punished for residing in or legal documents and do not with the help of community. In Navaratri festival, Hindi same building, but people are pay a tax. As it is illegal itself our area we have seen two such residents also go to Dargas to not following the rule and still and PMC can take any action temples Bhoi Raj Vittal Mandir worship over there. living in unsafe buildings. against that but these activities and Veer Mitra Mandal which has been carried out for so long are being looked after by the Also locals celebrate Muslim Giving more rent to the owner in the same place, it has become Bhoi Samaj. Every house has holiday which is called by tenant an important social activity so their own small sacred space Moharam in a very special way, As per Maharashtra rent control government does not bother. where they put the idol of god they carry a box with a man act,1999, which freezes house These activities show informal and worship daily. Kasba inside across the street and in rents at pre-1965 levels, tenant activities done in a formal way. the end drown the box (without can pay such little rent that it is the man) in the river. Illegal floor increment not enough for the owner to buy Ganapati is the gramadevata of even a meal. In other words the In some areas we saw an Pune. People in this area first Maharashtra Rent Control Act illegal floor increment. This go to this temple for a blessing Defined informality in the area protects tenants of all buildings happens due to lack of space before starting any ceremonies. constructed before 1965. At and increase in family number. The study area in Kasba Peth has the same time a landowner In muslim area we saw such different temples for example Residing in unsafe buildings does not have a right to evict increment in the form of third Kal Bhairab, Omkareshwar, Sai Many old buildings in the area tenants. On the one hand, this floor with temporary material Mandir, Dhakta Sheikh Salla are in ruined stage and are law is supposed to give housing of CGI sheet. In this case the Masjid and Dargas. losing structural stability. For to the poor, but on the other landowner allowed the addition Ganesh Utsab, Navaratri and safety purposes PMC has sent hand due to this law most of as a “wedding gift”. Diwali are the main festivals notice to occupants of such the older building in the area celebrated in this area. Different buildings to leave the house. are in ruined condition, as the
40 Participatory mapping
The main purpose of this activity was to define the area women, and men worked together with us to explain their METHODS borders of community. We arranged a simple but useful thoughts and knowledge of their living environment and daily One of the main goals when the fieldwork started was to build workshop in which we invited people from the Muslim area lives. Something important to notice is that the interaction trust within the residents of the area. Kasba Peth is a big and and together with them, a schematic map of the community with kids in the community was an important factor for diverse area, but still people know each other very well so our presence was easily noticed when we started visiting the area. was developed. This activity was very helpful in different engaging the adults in the activities. As experienced in this The response was mostly positive, people were happy to chat and ways. First, we had opportunity to gather a representative workshop, kids are more open to share their thoughts and share smiles but no deep interaction was achieved in the first visit. On the other hand some few residents were not happy to group with very different roles in social structure. Children, experiences without filters, and this was very helpful. see us and asked us to leave immediately. The situation improved after the first week and residents started to recognize us and continued to do so as communication became better every week. It was very important for the analysis that both quantitative and qualitative aspects were investigated. Traditional urban planning focuses on the physical aspects of the area such as infrastructure, formal economy, housing, demography, etc. In our research we focused more on the qualitative and informal structures.
Observation Area Maping Observation and area Due to the lack of formal and recognition was a process accurate information about the that evolved during the amount of commercial areas in fieldwork. It started with the settlement, area mapping visiting without a specific was done using GPS tools. This route or schedule just to task was done by one student get familiar with the area. with a GPS device. The student The visits were made both walked around the area and as a group and individually, but in the beginning we marked on the map every store/ found it very useful to walk shop or commercial oriented around in group. Then place. Even though that this individual visits helped us to process was made in several see, analyze, and pay more sessions, we can not say for sure attention to details that each that we have covered 100% of one found more interesting. the commercial activities. This is because of the complexity and We took walks with local residents and they showed informality of the stores. Some us their local temples, which of them do not have a sign or the community built for seemed abandoned. The Area themselves. It helped us to see mapping output can be found in which places and buildings the Community aspects section. are important to them. 42 43 44 45 Interviews
First it is important to acknowledge were made in the settlement, Some of the questions we worked with: that the language barrier was a PMC officers and elected leaders Do they have form of communities? Do they gather in some big challenge when talking to the responsible for Kasba Peth. It was places in the evening or mostly they do not interact with residents. The English level of very important for us to analyse each other. the majority we spoke with was the different perspectives of With whom do they speak to if they have any facility not enough to conduct a fluid parties involved. problems? Do they have representative of the community? conversation. Thankfully we Do they do community savings? If yes, who collects the Informal interviews were done received help from a translator money? How do they spend the community savings? (for when visiting the area, these were personal purposes or for common needs) from CoEP for a couple of days, not planned nor prepared for. We and Nitu could communicate with What do they like and do not like in the area they live? wanted to have the opportunity What would they like to improve in their area? Playground? local residents as well. Interviews to be spontaneous and talk with Library? Sport facilities? were done both formally and different people about different Do you prefer to live in old house or new apartment? Do informally. Formal in the sense subjects. This kind of interviews you think you need tall buildings? that we prepared a questionnaire gave us more personal experiences Family history, Religion, Occupation that covered specific topics to and qualitative opinions. discuss. These types of interviews Locations and name of places where people go in everyday life. Relation among community people. How is your relation with other community nearby your locality? What do you like in the place where you live? What you don’t like? Is there any problem or lack of facilities in your locality? What are the facilities provided by government? Are these facilities enough for all of you? Is there any community leader who looks after local problems? With whom do you usually communicate to solve local problems? What do you think about public water facilities? Do you have a public water tap instead of having your water pipe in your house? What do you think about public toilets? Are there any problems related to that? What do you think about waste collection? Are there any problems related to that? Interview elective leader Yogesh Samel Do you think your children have safe space to play?
46 Grading activities
The main purpose of such who is responsible for garbage approach is to give people collection and sanitation and opportunity to estimate by to an officer of the heritage themselves their satisfaction department in PMC. This with different key-points, such provided the data to make as facilities, opportunities and comparisons between and availabilities. define the difference in opinions of the various stakeholders. In For this activity there was total 53 residents were given prepared a list of certain points grading lists, predominantly and the scale of grading from 1 middle age group (30-60 years to 5 were given. old). Approximately 60% of all We first gave this list to a questions were answered by randomly selected sample of women and, accordingly, 40% study area residents.. After that by men. we gave the same list to two elective leaders, PMC assistant
We had a plan to give this list of points first to residents of Kasba. After that we gave the same list to two elective leaders, PMC assistant who is responsible for garbage collection and sanitation and to officer of heritage department in PMC. After that we could make a comparison and define the mismatches in opinions of different stakeholders.
Grading scheme used
48 49 Results of applied methods
As the area is situated in the core center of Pune, It was also interesting to notice the mismatches residents have easy access to hospitals (the two between locals’ opinion and the opinions’ of nearest hospitals - Kamala Neru, which is under government representatives. For example, where PMC, and private Surya hospital) and educational locals estimated the level of garbage collection institutions. Numerous children speak English as very low (average grade is 2.5, lower than because of attending English schools. Because average), PMC office, which is responsible for of good transport system around the area, such sanitation and garbage collection in particularly as school buses, public buses and autorickshaws this area "modestly" estimated their work for 4 children have opportunities to attend to any (good). school in Pune city. There is one girl’s secondary school in the area and one kindergarten. Besides that, Kasba Peth does not have any critical issues It was possible as well to see the mismatches in with water supply and toilet facilities. There are points of view of residents and elected leaders three types of toilets in the area. Firstly, there who are responsible for the area. The Nagar Sewak are governmental public toilets which are under was quite aware about the general situation of PMC. Cleaning of such toilets is carried out by the area: he estimated almost all points as high PMC workers whose office is located in the area. as residents. However, the estimation of his There are also private toilets built by several work again got a highest grade from his point of families (around 7-10). Families who have such view. Points, called "Communication access to toilets clean it according to their own schedule. PMC" and "Access to the information about the And finally, certain families have individual development plan" got grade 5 (very good) from toilets which can be attached to the house or the Nagar Sewak whereas locals estimated these located inside. As for water supply, the area points around 3 (average). The new elected leader has a lot of public water basins, built by PMC. mainly estimated points higher than residents Also PMC installed separate water taps outside except space problems, such as lack of parking houses as well as conducted water supply inside and playground. individual homes. According to the residents’ opinion, the biggest It is also important to note that the level of tenure issues in the study area are road condition, lack security is quite high in the area. Although of parking, lack of playground and garbage some residents, who live in houses as tenants collection: the average grade is 2-2.5, which is complained about inability to maintain the house, interpreted as “bad”. the average residents' grade 4 (good) means, that A majority of men in the area argue that there is no almost nobody can evict them from their houses. problem concerning safety. Their average grade is 4 (good). Whereas women pointed out that the area is not safe for them in the evenings. They are usually subjected to teasing (i.e catcalling or eve- teasing) by the men. Therefore, the average grade from women side is estimated as 3(average). 50 51 DANGAL BRIDGE RD
VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD
Considering all the facts which fish market complained about compactor buckets and 936 sweepers from that office. They were found out during the the foul smell that came from containers placed in various have put dustbins in the streets 2 acting in the fieldwork, we the market area. Everyday parts of the city. The average in order to solve this problem, can identify the main issues municipal workers come to spacing of dust bins is 500 m. but instead of using them some of Western Kasba. Below we collect the garbage at one time (Source: PMC) residents just throw waste will take a closer look at the but the market is open later outside and some even take the Process of solid waste problems of garbage collection, than when PMC workers finish dustbin away. For workers it is management unsafe buildings issues, lack of collecting garbage, after that the easy to collect garbage from the 1 open space and heritage issues. leftovers of market production VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD PMC has done some initiative floor as they have to sweep the Further we will consider some accumulates and generates to solve the issues but it’s not floor and collect the garbage, issues connected with tenure a foul smell. In the Bhoi area the effective one and locals are so they also do not necessarily BABURAO AHWAD PATH security and will point out gaps there is a corner space near still facing the problem. prefer the dustbins. They are in government system. public toilet where a big dustbin also against putting extra Door-to-door Waste Collection has been placed but municipal dustbins due to the nature worker sometime neglect it To solve the problem of garbage of the people. Nobody wants LATA DADASAHEBGIRAME PTH Solid waste managment and do not usually take the problem in our study area, PMC dustbins placed near to their RD POOL DAGADI waste from there. PMC workers has provided two dustbins in houses and there are less open People throw waste in the do not respond to this issue each house so they would not space where local authority can streets, the corners of the until locals complain about it. throw the garbage in the streets put them. building, public spaces and This is not only the problem in and for the separating wet and even on to private land making our study area or Kasba Peth, Containers and Compactor dry waste. Every day the Ghanta solid waste management one RD KAGDIPURA every city of India is facing Buckets 3 RANGBOALADKAT PATH Trucks go to the area to collect of the biggest issues we saw in the challenges of solid waste the garbage door to door. They PMC has put four big containers the study area. This area does management. Pune city itself have made new practice in fish in western Kasba Peth, one 6 have a few dustbins provided generates waste in the range market area that make sellers is in the main road which is by PMC but they are rarely of 1600-3500 MT per day (PMC, partly responsible for their full of garbage most of the used by residents. Instead of 2014). According to Municipal garbage. Everyday they have to time. The worker just collect 5 the dustbins, people use plastic Waste Management Rules collect all their waste and give all the waste from this area 4 bags for collecting waste and (2000), it is the responsibility it to the Ghanta Trucks. and deposit in that container. throw them in the streets. of municipalities to prohibit During the observation we From that container municipal littering of solid waste in cities, There is a PMC office near AGARWAL RD identified six places in the vehicle collect the waste and towns and in urban areas the butcher house of fish area with problems of garbage disposes it in a landfill. It is notified by governments. market area that looks after collection. In some places the duty of PMC to collect from the cleanliness of streets and waste is thrown outside the In Pune, 52% of waste is that place but sometimes they public toilets. Every morning dustbin on the ground which collected from households come late for the collection and the staff sweep the ground and mostly happen due to the filling and rest of them are collected sometimes they don’t come for collect the garbage from the In places 1, 2 and 3 there are containers but the of it or it is public habit who from the community bins many days, if they have conflict streets. Waste is segregated just throw waste on the ground. and containers.There are 7 in the landfill area waste get garbage sometimes is not collected. In places 4, 5 either at source or by the staff Residents who live close to the garbage collection centers, 412 accumulated. and 6 there are no containers at all. 52 53 54 55 Unsafe buildings the risk. When we asked them about the role of PMC in such Several old buildings were issue, they said that they only built around 80 years ago are come once to give notice and in critical structural condition. record the state of the building The main reason is poor but they do not care about the quality of maintenance which residents or try to help them mainly happened due to the with the situation. There are negligence of landowner and many such unsafe buildings lack of investment. From a in this area, in some buildings public safety, hygiene and people have moved out of sanitation point of view, it's not there but the ruined building safe to live in such buildings, still exist which can fall apart unfortunately locals are still anytime which creates a safety residing in them. concern for neighbors. For the safety purpose PMC has The BPMC Act has identified sent notice to occupants of such a list of mandatory functions/ buildings to leave the house, services under Section 63 of however, some people do not Development Plan 2041 for want to leave the area because which the PMC has to make their emotional attachment to reasonable and adequate the building, central location provision. One of these of the area or due to their poor obligatory functions/services financial conditions. is the securing or removal Study case of dangerous buildings and places(number 22 in list of During one of interviews, we PMC development plan). In talked with a family which reality “securing and removal” owns the old building close is limited by giving notice to the to PMC office is in a critical residents to take proper action. structural condition. Three Some of then unsafe buildings years ago, they received notice in the area can have heritage from PMC to leave the building value, though not preserved. or to maintain it, as they do not have enough expenses to invest in constructing new building or live in other place, they are still residing in the building despite 56 57 Lack of open space
Kasba Peth is densely populated socializing. This has mainly with small congested houses affected the children in the and narrow roads, it is a study area as they do not compact settlement without have proper space to use as a enough open recreational or playground. service spaces. In traditional In Kumbar area people were buildings they have a porch in complaining about lack of front facade which is used as playground for children as they semi private space and street is are not even allowed to play in the main social space. Streets the street by the neighbors for are the most versatile space, fear of causing a disturbance to sometimes being used as the neighbors. market, children playground and interaction space in Bhoi In other area, children usually area, they are also used as play in the streets which is very a work place especially in dangerous due to frequent flow Kumbar wada during festival of vehicles. We saw children time. playing at the junction of the roads. There is a park in Nowadays people are using the other side of this area in streets as parking space due Kasba Peth. Teenagers usually to lack of parking in their go to that park to play during buildings. This reduces the evening time and holidays. But space available for this is again a problem to small children as it is a bit far from the area and they have to cross the main road line to reach the park. So, small children are often found playing in streets A very popular transportable carrousel among kids.. Potential recreational areas used as garbage dumpsters. A diver- which is not a safe option. sity of animals like goats, dogs, cats and chickens get food from the trash bins. In this same spots, kids play and run. 58 59 Heritage {“Prohibited Area” means area “Regulated Area” means of the protected monuments area in respect of every The study area is located in The regulated area ends declared as of national ancient monuments and the proximity of the historical exactly in the place where importance and extending to archaeological sites and fortification Shaniwarwada. the studied area is situated. a distance of 100 meters in all remains declared as of national direction. importance and extending to a Consequently, as the According to The distance of 200 meters in all Ancient Monuments and restrictions and permissions direction.} Archaeological Sites and surrounding heritage sites of Remains (Amendment and high importance ends, our plot Validation) Act. 2010, the limits becomes highly tempting for of prohibited and regulate developers. monuments surroundings. There are two bodies which deal Archaeological sites and with Heritage affairs in Pune remains declared by the Central city - Indian National Trust Government as protected have for Art and Cultural Heritage been specified in the principal KASBA Act as 100m and 200m, (INTACH) Pune Chapter and respectively. Henceforth, no Heritage Department in PMC. Regulated PETH permission for construction Heritage Department in PMC of any public projects or any mostly responsible for the other nature shall be granted monitoring of law discipline in in the prohibited areas of the respect of heritage and issuing protected monument and permits for construction in the Restricted protected area( Handbook areas of their responsibility. Shaniwarwada of Conservation of Heritage INTACH Pune Chapter’s main fort Building). The constructions mission is to stimulate and carried out by any person in spearhead heritage awareness the regulated area without and conservation in India. obtaining prior permission from the Director General is illegal and not valid. 200m
60 61 Present situation According to SWOT analysis {*STRATEGIES in PMC development plan* it RECOMMENDATIONS Here we will consider the main can be seen awareness of the issues in the area. The Corporation can look at heritage problem. the option of declaring the city Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 But according to strategies of core area as special planning In the picture 1.1 you can see a Development plan* all these area and try to conserve the In the territory of Bhoi and nobody lives there. Inside In September of 2017 cases somehow must have 3-storey building built in 1959 representatives of one existing heritage by placing community there is the oldest the building in the courtyard where a 60 years old woman been conserved. Apart from a limit on density pressures, Wada of the study area. This construction company talked live. Only her family lives there. they have Muslim corner and that it was also written in land use change, increase Bhoi family has been living to the landowners of several “Goals” and “Strategies and Her mother-in-law built this the altar with Hindu Gods. houses along the fishmarket in F.S.I/FAR and parking on SWOT analysis , PMC 2041 vol.1, page 91 there for generations. The priority action” of development house in 1959. She had seven street regarding demolishing streets. The authority can also father works in fish industry plan about conservation of sons and two daughters. Until The family received a their houses and giving them formulate an independent and sells fish at another fish the core areas and all tangible now only one household lives notification from government apartments on the ground traffic management plan for it. market. The family also makes and intangible heritage. Yet, in this house consisting of only floor of the new building in the (PMC 2041 vol.1, page 79) powder from fishbones to sell to take action concerning the all these strategies and actions 4 families. The building itself future. as a medicine against kidney dilapidating house. Instead do not seem like they are going 8.11 GOALS: though looks impressive and stones. Thus, builders are going to to be implemented. One of the beautiful from the street, but of restoring the house with Restore and conserve the destroy 4 houses on the street main reason for this problem Around 75 years ago the great- their own money, the family is is in very bad condition. They which has social value, though is that being under heritage tangible and intangible heritage want to demolish this house grandmother of the young planning to sign the contract they were constructed after protection is absolutely not 8.12 STRATEGIES & PRIORITY by themselves and build a new girl we interviewd bought this the flood. The construction with builders for demolishing profitable for house owners. ACTION one. They do not want to sell wada and named it with her will also touch part of so- In other words, relation of the house and build a new high this house to real estate because name – Sundrabai Pardeshi. called wada behind, which the building to certain grade Conservation and restoration they have a very big family Presumably, the wada was built storey building, where half mostly seems like a slum. Now (1,2 or 3) can bring only of all tangible and intangible living together. As they argued, much earlier than the year of of building will still belong everything is on the stage of restrictions where it should heritage Ms. Pardeshi’s purchase. For negotiation. However, nobody have probably been funding their family is financially to the family. The owner Conservation of the Core areas sustainable to construct a new now the wada has 19 rooms, has spoke with residents of the or giving incentives for people family confessed they would building by themselves. They but only 10 tenant families live “wada” to preserve the area. Thus, (PMC 2041 vol.1, page 237)} there. There is tension between rather live in the same type nobody is willing to have the have their own architect and In all these cases buildings of Sector Wise Issues and the tenants and the family of building like they live now, “tag” of heritage building and civil engineer in their house the area in one or another way Strategies - Housing would rather make a beneficial so they decided to design a because of the extremely low unfortunately they do not have have a historical intangible contract with the builder not modern building and demolish rent frozen by the government. such opportunity. value. caring about consequence of the existing one. Part of the wada has been “losing a historical face”. destroyed due to dilapidation 62 63 Looking again at the {38. In respect of unauthorized not exceeding two years or Tenure security right of tenant to live in the same house until he wants to Development plan it is clear constructions in the prohibited with fine which may extend to One of the main factor mov. So now they are having that good strategies have been and regulated area of the one lakh rupees or with both. which contributes to tenure a conflict in it and both sides already planned to tackle insecurity in the study area protected monument and [Section 30B] filed the case in court. is high demand for land. heritage issues. However, protected area, the penalty has (iii) If any officer of the central Having a property in Kasba In Kumbar Wada, local shop during the interview with been incorporated now by the PMC officer of Heritage Government enters into or Peth can generate big benefits owners do not have any legal Amendment Act. The penalty for the landowner. As per The document which shows the department it was mentioned acquiesces in any agreement provision is as under – Maharashtra Rent Control Act, shop belongs to them. They that the department does to do, abstains from doing, 1999 tenants have a right not are worried that they might (i) Whoever raises, on and after permits, conceals or connives not have enough funding to be evicted from the rental be evicted anytime because to implement strategies the date on which the Ancient at any act or thing whereby any houses and pay fixed rental of this. We talked with one mentioned in the development Monuments and Archaeological construction or reconstruction price which is set by court. person who worries that if any plan, for example enhancing sites and Remains (Amendment takes place in a prohibited As usual this rental price is development works happen in the structural stability of and Validation) Act 2010, any area or regulated area, shall be extremely low. Thus, many the road line of Veer Santaji traditional housing. As we can construction in the prohibited punishable with imprisonment landowners do not hasten to Ghorpade Road then he will give full freedom to tenants to lose his shop and will not be see from the interviews there area, shall be punishable with for a term which may extend to are active negotiations going improve their living conditions. compensated for it. imprisonment not exceeding three years or with fine, or both However, according to results on in the area from the side two years or with fine which [Section 30C] of grading participation, it is of developers. That means, may extend to one lakh rupees appeared that most residents Gaps in government system that sooner or later traditional 39. The penalty has been or with both. [Section 30A] are confident with tenure enhanced to ensure that it acts We wanted to highlight that houses will be replaced security. with modern buildings. (ii) Whoever raises, on and a deterrent and none dares the work of all four elective In the area we talked with leaders is not cooperative. Moreover, the officer did not after the date on which the to indulge in unauthorized one person living in a rented They have competition during tell us about consequences of and illegal activities as per Ancient Monuments and place in a small space near to the elections whereas the violation the law concerning the Act. Provision for severe Archaeological Sites and the fish market. The house is competition should be in punishment has also been the construction of the new Remains (Amendment and in a ruined condition so the getting funds for improving building in prohibited or made for the officers of the Validation) Act, 2010, any owner of the land has given the area. Moreover, having regulated area because of Central Government who are construction in the regulated the land to the builder for new the same task and the same heritage building’s location. found indulged in any act which construction. At first the tenant responsibilities in the same area without previous It was only specified that the is illegal or unauthorized as per also agreed on this proposal as area, they ignore existence of permission of the competent process of construction will the Act. This will make sure they can get a flat in the same each other whereas working authority or in contravention of be stopped. But according that the Central Government building but now the builders cooperatively would be both to the Ancient Monuments the permission granted by the officers discharge their want to evict the tenant from easier for them and beneficial the building itself to sell the to the community. and Archaeological Sites and competent authority, shall be functions with utmost sincerity flat to a new tenant. But it’s the Remains Act - 2010: punishable with imprisonment and as per the Act.} 64 65 PROPOSAL
66 67 खेळ िहरवाPLAY GREEN 68 69 PLAY GREEN ? WORK LIVE
"Lets have fun and make our
Considering the previous analysis and designs from different of the area, we found out the most stakeholders. neighborhood happier and effective way of approaching the issues "PLAY GREEN" will include designing and construction of We designed a visionary project creative, vertically developed Kesba Peth is better" which will raise the interest playgrounds with minimal among public through an easy footprints and a colorful and rich in human and clear message. "Lets have cultural representative urban art fun and make our neighborhood gallery. resources better and happier" As we defined, that problem of The project aims to motivate solid waste lies not only on the and cultural children to take ownership of PMC side, but on the residents neglected areas and buildings themselves. The whole process of diversity, let's through visual stimulation, the project should be combined physic/recreational activities and with building awareness in use that! social awareness. culture of garbage treatment, followed with the installation Based on our analysis isolated of more effective sosial-friendly physical solutions will definately trash containers. not work as strategic plan for an evolving/organic urban situation Kasba Peth will be a experimental as in Kasba Peth. arena for this initiative which could be implemented in other similar settlements. Therefore the project integrates different ideas, solutions 70 71 GOALS
• Facilitating a internal solving mechanism for communal issues. The residents participated actively in the problem exploration and this project attend to integrate them in the develop process too. • Work with proposals that attend directly the urban/social issues in Kasba Peth adressed by their own residents. • Develop neglected areas into urban playgrounds for children and youngs using local resources (materials and human). • Promoting donation campaigns both inside and outisde Kasba Peth in order to obtain resources for the community. • “Play Green” aims to integrate different actors, such as NGOs, universities, government, CBO etc.
72 73 A new urban art gallery in Pune!. A colorful proposal that represents the diversity and cultural richeness of Kasba Peth. An invitation for local artists to represent and explore THE URBAN GALLERY history and Dailylife of the oldest settlement in Pune. A proposal that is self-financed by residents or in collaboration with the goverment and NGO's. A low cost project with huge impact in the urban image. Something to be proud of being a Kasba Peth resident.
74 75 DANGAL BRIDGE RD
VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD
AGARWAL RD
Abandoned passageways, will come to life with colorful murals made by local artists. Let's make Kasba Peth a urban canvas!
76 77 DANGAL BRIDGE RD
VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD
AGARWAL RD
The fish market will come to alive with graffitis related to Bhoi daily lives and culture.
78 79 DANGAL BRIDGE RD
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It is important that the murals can be seen from both inside and outside the neighbordhood. To be seen from the outside could attract more visitors and potencial customers for Khumbar shops.
80 81 Let's reclaime abandoned areas and convert them into playgronds!, playgrounds where everyone is invited GREEN.PLAY.GREEN and welcome to have fun. Let's gather and build this place together! The game is simple, less place for waste and more place to play and run.
82 83 84 85 Based on the principle of low providing the proposal and footprint playgrounds used by designing the similar playground
ELEMENTAL architects in the we need to take into account DANGAL BRIDGE RD project “Children’s Bicentennial the space needed for moving of Park” (Archdaily, 2013), we can garbage truck which comes to the apply similar ideas to our area. As area to pick up the garbage. VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD an example we can make better use of the open space in Muslim area, In this area we also noticed, that where we found a lot of children animals, for example goats, are playing in the area which is partly actively consuming trash in the occupied by parked vehicles and huge container. In this case we AGARWAL RD the rest space is covered with assumed that why not to install the construction waste and garbage separate container with compost, around the big container. Before which goats can use for eating? Metal perforated Slide sheet Bench
Internal Ladder passways Composte
86 87
LATA DADASAHEBGIRAME PTH 88 89 DANGAL BRIDGE RD DANGAL BRIDGE RD Playground and waste collection Playground Proposal only entrance space might be used as another playground for occupied by Paint the ground of garbage children, where young residents It is the only kindergarten in the vehicles. research area, as an common area Children jump up and down on a collection spot into blue and white are able to learn the proper VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD for local children it looks like a half wall of next resident building VEER SANTAJIGHROPADE RD or any other colors which is a good way to deal with garbage in a temporary storage shed. to have fun. reminder of a better sanitation fun way. In order to have a tidy The kindergarten is facing directly for the settlement. Draw some garbage collection spot, DIY onto a by-pass road with no front interesting graphics on the ground, metal containers with caps, the gardens and abutting party walls. for instance a waste guiding maze. residents of Tambat Ali in Kasba There is no space nearby for any As a result, the garbage collection Peth might also offer some help. new construction. The AGARWAL RD AGARWAL RD spot can be
90 91 KASBA PETH EAST
The east side of Kasba Peth is hard to briefly describe as there is no overaching theme to the area. It has both wide roads surrounded by high- rise building, and narrow winding lanes lined with old wadas and low-rise building. There is no dominant religious group, or profession. It is not purely residential but exists as both a highly residential and fairly commercial community. There are young children, working professionals like engineers, skilled laborers, and older residents. It is diverse. A small sampling of everything you would find within a much larger city exists in the small area of Kasba Peth East.
92 93 SITUATION ANALYSIS
94 95 longer looked like lost tourists in need of a band of cheerful children dragging us from directions to an exit. Even without a translator house to house, introducing us to their parents we found people willing to talk to us and they and proudly showing us their school work. would often try to provide their own translator As much as we hoped having an adult translator via the use of a nearby child.nearby child. Sons, would helped--and it did--it was not without METHODOLOGY daughters, nieces, nephews, and sometimes challenges. Our translators were immensely even school aged children who just happened helpful when we interviewed people, but to be walking by were called upon to help the because they were not trained as translator Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) is an adults communicate with us. some of the responses were lost in translation. approach for learning about and engaging with During these sessions with the residents we A five minute conversation between the resident communities. It combines an ever-growing asked about the community, their home, we were interviewing and our translator would toolkit of participatory and visual methods how long they had lived in Kasba Peth, their result in a brief summation in English for us. with natural interviewing techniques and is livelihoods, and what they thought about the The translators were also students with other intended to facilitate a process of collective new development. With our young translators priorities and time restrictions this limited our analysis and learning. Whilst a powerful with laminated maps of the area. These when asking about the history of the area we access to them. Sometimes it felt like the people consultation tool, it offers the opportunity to maps piqued the residents’ interest and often got the story of Kasba Peth from the we wanted to talk to the most were only available go beyond mere consultation and promote gave us an air of legitimacy so we no beginning of time, but on the occasions we when our translator was not. the active participation of communities in the used the volunteer translators from the College issues and interventions that shape their lives. We did not use questionnaires, surveys, or have of Engineering Pune (COEP) the answers we a list of questions preferring to see where the (Sarah Thomas) got were more concise. That is not to say our conversation took us. There were moments where grade school aged translators were unhelpful. we fumbled for things to ask, but ultimately this The day after we learned that the east side of In many instances they were the driving force strategy played to our favor. The communities Kasba Peth would be our study area we went in getting adults to talk to us. Most days we had to see it. We did not have a plan for how to get participants for the participatory methods we were planning on using and so this trip was to “try and get a feel” for the area. We planned on using participatory methods such as mapping, interviews, and drawings, as well as mapping the area ourselves. Ultimately we ended up using all of those methods but, at first we did not know where to start so we wandered aimlessly and lucked into people wanting to talk with us. Though several of these people thought we were lost tourist and led us out onto Veer Shantaji Ghorpade Road, we still had some enlightening interviews. After the first few days of this effective but inefficient strategy we armed ourselves Picture 1: Painting with children Picture 2: Listening to the children story Picture 3: Participatory mapping community 96 97 we spoke to were skeptical of surveys and those conducting them. In one area, with both COEP translator and a merry band of children, we struggled to get people to talk to us. They, quite literally, hid in their houses. With much coaxing by our COEP translator we learned they had AREA UNDERSTANDING feared we were from PMC, or a developer, and we're going to tear down their homes to build highrises. Describing The Area Luckily some participatory methods do not Though in some areas high-rise buildings sit require strong language skills, asking a child to jammed in between big and small traditional draw for instance. Not only was this exercise a buildings, the contrast between areas dominated useful tool to help manage our herd of happy by high-rise structures and those that has children, but they helped us see the problems majority low-rise are shockingly obvious. You they wanted addressed in their neighborhood. do not just see the differences when you leave buildings affect the residents of Kasba Peth. Asking the children to draw their dream Kasba the narrow streets of Kasba Peth and enter the Throughout our area we saw complexity and Peth resulted in areas with lots of places to play wider more developed ones, though visually intricacies that made it unique and difficult and few cars. Picture 4: Drawing with chidren the differences in the built environment are to define. We choose to further explore the striking. You hear it, you smell it, and you feel communities, sanitation, development, and it both literally and metaphorically. When you heritage within Kasba Peth. In doing so we cross the imaginary, but no less real border, it is realized that the building typology had effects no longer the noise of people--children playing, on these sectors. In the following pages we delve meals being cooked, laundry being done, and further into the sectors and how high-rise and women talking--instead it is the deafening noise low-rise buildings affect each. of traffic echoing off the building. Engines rumbling, scooters and rickshaws beeping at Infrastructure each other all punctuated with deeper car horns. Infrastructure in Kasba Peth is not perfect but The narrow streets smell like food and laundry. could be much worse, and shows signs that Around the public taps and occasional trees it someone is aware of the community disconnect smells like soil and fresh. The wider roads of that we noticed. The east of Kasba Peth is the developed area smell like pollution only mainly residential, with some spread around broken up by the sweet smell of garbage where small shops. However, the junction in the north it collects in piles. The cool shade in the narrow part of the area, and the streets connecting to it streets give way to wide shadeless areas where are characterized by having mix-used buildings, there is no escaping the sun and something in with different shops, as clothing and groceries the energy changes. and some eateries, in the first floor. There Given this stark contrast we felt it was important to are also some different workshops, rickshaw Picture 5: Painting with children more closely examined how high-rise and low-rise repairing, paper fabric and a buffalo butcher. 98 99 The area characterized by having small Area 3 is filled up with parked vehicles, giving companies on the first floor, is also the most no space for recreation, and area 2 is noisy ANGAL BRI GE R trafficked. Especially Baburao Ahwad Path and trafficked. These areas are also being
ANGAL BRI GE R which serves as a shortcut between the north- characterized by having new developed high- EER SANTA IGHROPA E R east area outside Kasba Peth to Veer Santaji rise buildings close to them.
Ghorpade Road, are heavily trafficked for being Though not every resident has it 24 hours a day, EER SANTA IGHROPA E R a quite small road in a residential area, which everyone we spoke to had access to water and also affects the living conditions of the people electricity. There were a few public toilets and living there. The traffic elsewhere in the area, water taps provided by PMC. In the south most which is shown in map 1 (area 2) , is more spread of those we interviewed had water access within out and better suited. their family, especially those who owned their EER SANTA IGHROPA E R While the south area is more or less defined into own property. For those who rented traditional two blocks, divided by bigger streets for vehicles, buildings, their tenant had in most cases BABURAO AH A PATH provided them with shared toilets and water and smallevr streets within the blocks for supply. In the northern area, where also most pedestrians, the buildings in the north is more EER SANTA IGHROPA E R of the small slum pockets are located, public LATA A ASAHEBGIRA E PTH spread out and less defined, with open areas R POOL AGA I toilets and water taps are more frequently in which are characterized by not being taken care use. In the new developed high-rise buildings, BABURAO AH A PATH
of and no clear vision for its use. Area 1 is the all we talked with had these facilities in their KAG IPURA R KAG IPURA most lively of them, as this is the main spot for the apartment. Even though everyone had access RANGBOALA KAT PATH children to meet and play. There are also placed C in the low-rise buildings, they often wereLATA A ASAHEBGIRA E10 to PTH out some benches, which are always in use by 20 people sharing oneR POOL AGA I toilet. Having a private the elder living nearby. However, it also serves as for their own family were one of their highest a dump spot and parking space, making it look. wishes to improve their living.
AGAR AL R
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C Map 1: Building typology LEGEND Medium- (4-5 stories) Low- (1-3 stories) Area 1
AGAR AL R Area 2
High- Area 3 ( > 5 stories)
Picture 6: Situation in Area 1 Picture 7: Situation in Area 2 Picture 8: Situation in Area 3 100 101 ANGAL BRI GE R
F A EER SANTA IGHROPA E R COMMUNITY
B Heterogenous Community When asking what is the best about living in Kasba Peth we got the same answers over and I EER SANTA IGHROPA E R G over again: “the people”. There is no doubt that the community feeling has an extremely BABURAOJ AH A PATH C important role to a lot of the people living in M K Kasba Peth, in a social aspect and as a safety net. in the new development buildings, and the ones living in the traditional houses whose families LATA A ASAHEBGIRA E PTH When it comes to community and social have lived in the area for generations and usually R POOL AGA I E organizations the east side of Kasba Peth shows L has a strong relationship with their neighbors. N D a great complexity. Our first impression was that When asking what made someone a part of their
the area mainly is divided into two communities, Q KAG IPURA R KAG IPURA community, it seemed like it had to do with RANGBOALA KAT PATH a muslim community in the north and a hindu that families had been neighbor and friends for R U community in south. However, after spending generations. No one mentioned casts, and the O time in the area we found that the divisions are professions varied a lot even within the families. S much more complex. Based on interviews and Economic income could have something to P mapping with different families, we identified do with it, as there were areas where people T the different communities shown in map 2. generally seemed better off than others, but it AGAR AL R Even with our month in Kasba Peth, we believe also seemed like within wadas different families if we had spent more time in the area even more Map 2 : Hetergenous community based on participatory mapping with community communities would appear. could have different levels of income. They might ask for help outside, but that is not Based on the interviews, not one of those we The different communities vary. Some of the as usual. The community outside their wada them are extremely isolated and incredibly easy were talking to had some kind of organized saving schemes or meetings outside their family. are friends that gather and celebrate festivities to delineate, while others blend together and it together. However when asking whether they is harder to tell exactly where they start and stop. Their communities worked in a less formal way. had any meetings outside the joint family houses The size also differs. Some of those we talked to However if they were in some kind of trouble, they they said no. While in community 'S' (showing in would say that their community is within their could meet and find ways to help each other out. apartment or house, while others had a broader What the different communities expects from map 2) one man said “The best thing about living community feeling and included a larger each other vary. In community 'Q' (shown in map here is the neighbourhood, neighbours here are geographical area. Here we could see a great 2), as one family pointed out, the main source just like family. If they have problems, everyone difference between those we talked to that live to help is within the joint family in the wada. will do their best to help” Picture 9 : Mapping community 102 103 Religious Organization some families moved into the area in the early 1900’s, many buying homes that the family Kasba Mata is the name of a religious organization retains today. Even within the confine of a single working in the south area of Kasba Peth. Even home there can be a wide array of careers. In one though those we interviewed made it very clear of the homes, purchased in 1934, one brother that the organization only have responsibility to SLUMS organize the big hindu festivals, the area it works worked as a rickshaw driver while another was in appears as one distinctive part of Kasba Peth. a policeman. Another home, though they also moved into the area around the 1900’s, had a The organization consists of three volunteers modernized historic Kasba Peth profession. In Pune, a slum is defined by the Maharashtra who are responsible of collecting money from This house of five brothers, and their families, Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and the people in the neighbourhood ahead of the worked as paper recyclers. We also spoke to a Redevelopment) Act of 1971 and slightly differs big festivals and arrange food, decorations and woman who ran her own shop as a seamstress. from that of UN-HABITAT games. It is not mandatory to give, and if a family She and her husband had moved into the area has less, they can give less. within the last 20 years. He worked in an eyeglass Livelihoods shop outside of Kasba Peth. In north east area of eastern Kasba Peth are dominated with people Compared to the west side of Kasba Peth, where who work in PMC as third and fourth class a lot of the community’s livelihoods are based workers (professions such as street cleaners and on pot making or metal workers, which has drivers). Some the people said that the jobs of been passed on for generations, the east side of the parents as PMC worker will be passed to the Kasba Peth does not have the same traditional next generation if the parents retire. However professions. Even though the inhabitants even though this is maybe how it originally was have lived there for generations, the current meant to be, some of residents we talked to generation does not necessarily follow in the living in this area were engineers, and a lot of professional path of their parents’ or that of the children were going to universities. historic Kasba Peth. Historically, the east side of Kasba Peth was home to butchers, paper makers Like with much of the east side of Kasba Peth, and tailor. Today the professions of Kasba Peth there is so much diversity, it is impossible for us vary greatly, ranging from doctor to rickshaw to say if there was a dominate profession within driver. There are policemen, tailors, business the area with any certainty. What we do know is Table 1: Definition slums by Maharastra Slums Areas Act men, a wedding planner, PMC workers (third that many of the people who lived in Kasba Peth 1971 and UN Habitat and fourth class workers) and goldsmiths, worked outside of its boundaries in a wide array As cited in the City Development Plan of PMC the area as in need of improvement i.e a slum, but from our interviews it felt like the most of fields. common profession was rickshaw driver and 2012-2041, there are 564 slum areas in Pune as a slum. Regrettably “official newspaper” is PMC workers. city, 124 slums are located on public land and a term we can not find the definition for. Only 440 slums on private land. To improve the living 353 areas in the Pune Metropolitan region have It is not clear to us when the shift from the standard of those in slum areas by providing them been officially declared as slum areas. Under professions of historic Kasba Peth happened, adequate or basic amenities, PMC must declare, the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme of The Slum and why it only happened to the east side of by official notification in an “official newspaper”, Rehabilitation Association (SRA), declared Kasba Peth. We know from our interviews 104 105 ANGAL BRI GE R
EER SANTA IGHROPA E R
EER SANTA IGHROPA E R
BABURAO AH A PATH
LEGEND LATA A ASAHEBGIRA E PTH
AGA I POOL R POOL AGA I Residential
ANGAL BRI GE R Mix-used land
Public / Semi public
Commercial EER SANTA IGHROPA E R A PR R KAG IPURA AGOL A PATHRANGBOALA KAT Slums
Unidentified slums
158 square meters unidentified slums
EER SANTA IGHROPA E R
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AGA I POOL R POOL AGA I
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AGAR AL R
Picture 10 : 158 square meters slum pocket Map 3 : Land use 106 107 slum areas that have met the requirements their fund. Understandably there was often a will be rehabilitated. Undeclared slums will long queue for the toilet, and we even witnessed not be considered for basic amenities or to be a child defecating on the street next to the rehabilitated under this SRA scheme (PMC, settlement because of the wait. 2012). Living on a private land with the small amount SOLID WASTE The Unidentified Slum Area of total land area is the reason why they were not recognized as slum and rehabilitated under SRA. MANAGEMENT After weeks of observing the eastern side of Based on the information from the residents, Kasba Peth, we found pockets of slums in the their community met the PMC’s criteria to be Solid waste management (SWM) remains one of certain areas. These slum pockets seem to exist registered as a slum but they were not because the major challenges that confronts the people in the shadow of the high rise buildings and their area is too small. PMC requires a minimum of Kasba Peth. As can be found in Diagram one, being hidden in this--literal and metaphorical-- area of 500 square meters to be included in slum Kasba Peth is one of the smallest areas in Pune, shadow made it hard for us to even realize what rehabilitation schemes. This slum, and the other but high population density and economic was there. 8 areas within our area raised some serious activities make it one of the leading producers of waste. As we walked in our area, we found 9 slums concerns about how PMC identifies slums. Between 2001 and 2011, India’s per capita waste pockets that have not been identified yet SWM is a problem that transcends international generation rate ballooned from 0.44 kg per day by Municipalities, in the context that their boundaries and affects the lives of everyone, to 0.5kg per day putting enormous pressure on existence has not been documented either regardless of socio-economic standing the infrastructural and budgetary resources of in Slum Atlas or CSP 2012 Pune. We noticed (Parvathamma, 2014). Population growth, the various municipal corporations (Mundhe, that these settlement conditions could be rapid urbanization, improvement in the living Jaybhaye & Dorik, 2014). Pune unquestionably categorized as slums based on the definition of standard of people, changing lifestyle and food contributes to this phenomenon; it currently slum by UN-Habitat or Maharashtra Slum Areas habits, industrialization and sustained economic generates about 1600 to 1700 metric tons of solid (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) growth have all exacerbated the problem in waste per day (CPCB, 2017). Act, 1971. Although they have basic amenities many countries and India is no exception such as electricity and water, categories of slum such as insufficient of living space, lack of access to adequate water and sanitation were easily recognizable. In one of these unidentified slums, 17 households have been living in 158 square meters of land Picture 11 : Slum pocket for almost 50 years. Households of no less than four people live in an inadequate amount of living space of less than 9 square meters. These 17 households lack access to proper sanitation facilities, though such facilities have been provided in other areas of the settlement. Within the 158 square meters there is a single toilet that has been built by residents using Figure 1: A diagram showing ward areas and the ward-wise solid waste generation 108 109 In our interviews with both the elected the area. The public health and sanitation by- representative and the residents of Kasba Peth, laws of 2014, defines clearly how solid waste we were given a number of reasons why SWM is to be segregated but in Kasba Peth, most of in Kasba Peth has not seen improvement. One the residents hardly separate their waste into of such reasons is inadequate refuse containers. biodegradable and nonbiodegradable because Those we interviewed believed that more refuse the necessary facilities provided by PMC are Picture 12 : Garbage containers were needed in the area; however, inadequate or non-existent. In the same law, point without container the municipal corporation is unable to find appropriate sanctions are to be applied should adequate designated collection points. From residents dispose of their waste indiscriminately, our conversation with both PMC and Kasba Peth but one cannot say the same for Kasba Peth in residents, we learned that PMC is willing to bring all certainty because there are pockets of streets more refuse containers to the area, but some and open/public places that have been littered community members are unwilling to allow the with waste. Picture 13 : Garbage containers to be placed on their private land. point with container Though PMC promises that the areas would be regularly sanitized and fumigated, community members are concerned about having the foul smelling containers on their property. Residents are not wrong in their skepticism of PMC’s ability to follow through on policy. The Picture 14 : Garbage point without container current policy on waste collection has vehicles visiting the area every day, but the residents say this is not the case. In their experience, a container will be full for three of four days before it is collected. Though full, without other options for waste disposal, the community members will Picture 15 : Garbage continue to deposit their garbage there creating point without container a mountain of debris. This mountain can grow onto the property surrounding it, hence the reluctance of the property owners to allow containers on, or near, their property. Waste collection is not the first policy PMC has not followed through on. There are many laws Picture 16 : Garbage point without container regarding littering and the disposal of solid waste that have not been enforced effectively in Map 4 : Building typology and garbage point 110 111 build above a certain height or modify the to maintain the property. In one of the cases building outside of basic necessities like we encountered rent was only 60 rupees, which electricity and plumbing. There are no incentives was the cost of a chicken wrap at our favorite connected to heritage status, owners of these street food stall. This was not an unusual case. buildings receive no tax credit or exemption Several of those we interviewed told us of their HERITAGE making heritage status a punitive measure in all shockingly low rents. but name. The Rent Control Act applies further The issues that arise from The Rent Control Act burden to property owners by keeping the rents do not solely affect declared heritage properties. In our readings and our interviews we kept at artificially low levels. With rent frozen, or Coupled with the Co-operative Societies Act, hearing about how Kasba Peth was like a village only allowed to increase at an incremental maintaining an old building is difficult but within the city of Pune. A unique area that rate untied to natural inflation, owners can letting one literally fall down can be an economic somehow has stood against the onslaught of find themselves not receiving enough income opportunity with a cleverly worded lease. new development and maintained its heritage. Heritage can be defined as intangible and tangible. Intangible heritage is the cultural, intangible and tangible heritage but because of artistic, traditions, and customs of a society. biases in the grading process the graded heritage Tangible heritage refers to environmental sites skew towards being tangible. or historic areas, and built structures like monuments or buildings. In India heritage The heritage site system is deeply flawed sites are defined as Grade I, II, or III, and each and being declared a heritage site is an comes with rules regarding development (Seen unappealing prospect for property owners. in Table 3: Heritage grading). A piece of heritage Public and private sites are declared heritage, is graded based on four criteria: architectural and the owner informed after the fact. Once value, historical value, cultural value, and declared a heritage site the building has archaeological value. India has a wealth of restricted development rights, often unable to
G rade C rite ria B rie f Subm ission
G rade 1 This category com p rises buildin gs and p recincts o f rational Only necessary changes like plum bing and electricity can and histo ric im p ortance and u n d er the p rotection o f A S I or be m ade. state D evelopm ent o f A rchaeology.
G rade 2 Exceptional national / regional im p ortance with unique These building need to be kept u n d er perm anent state o f featu res are the p rim e landm arks o f a city or tow n. These preservation, and can be recom m ended fo r p rotection. buildin gs need to be kept u n d er perm anent state o f In tervention in su ch stru ctu res are to be loosely preservation, and can be recom m ended fo r p rotection. m onitored . In tervention s in su ch stru ctu res are to be closely m onitored .
G rade 3 B uilding o f local im p ortance, p ossessing sp ecial Only the façade m u st be m aintained arch itectu ral or historical value. F rom local landm arks contributing to the im age and identity.
Table 3: Heritage grading Picture 17 : Wada (Indian traditional house) 112 113
The Co-operative Societies Act gives tenants with a certain length of tenure part ownership in the new building. In our interview of Sharvey Dhongde, co-convenor of Pune’s INTACH chapter, we learned that leases can be worded in such a way to circumvent the Co-operative Societies Act. One family we met was trying to maintain their rented wada property because they valued the heritage of their home. They have the tenure to qualify under the Co-operative Societies Act, but instead choose to maintain the property despite the owner’s wishes to have it fall down. Heritage site status provides no incentives and the current policies are written as such that they practically incentivize the destruction of old buildings. Perhaps there is hope for the future as The Pune Smart City plan now includes heritage. Dr Rajendra Jagtap, the CEO of the Pune Smart City Mission, as of August 2017, has not allocated funds for this, but believes that Smart Heritage is part of a Smart Pune (Vidyarthi, 2017). INTACH Heritage Academy’s director Naveen Piplani agrees “Smart Heritage will help promote our existing legacy with the help of technology; e-management of sites of historic importance and mobility in old areas, a matter of concern today, could be sorted to a great extent ” (Vidyarthi, 2017).
Picture 18 : Wada (Indian traditional house) 114 115 BUILDING TYPOLOGY AND ITS CONNECTION TO COMMUNITY, SLUMS, HERITAGE AND WASTE In the east side of Kasba Peth there is several MANAGEMENT different building typologies, both within the low-rises and the high-rises. Low rise One of the low rise in eastern Kasba Peth is called Wada which is the most common secular courtyard almost as a holy place, where they traditional building type of Pune. Even though placed their family altar and kept their holy tulsi Picture 19: Floor plan-Wada with courtyard Picture 20: Floor plan-Wada with kattas it is starting to disappear from the city-picture, plant. it is still persistent in Kasba Peth. Originally a Not all the low-rise buildings have a courtyard, wada was assigned to an area with group of however what we found in all of them is the buildings occupied by several households and gradation from fully private to public. In the with a single owner, who collected rent. Now a wadas there is the semi-public courtyards and Wada is defined as a courtyard house. We found porches. Other houses had kattas, which are examples on both wadas owned by big joint small platforms outside their doors, used for families, and wadas rented by several families house work, selling goods or just simply to have living closely together. a chat with the neighbour or watch the life of the Even though it is typical for the wadas to have street. While walking the smaller paths of the a business or a craft on ground floor facing area, we sometimes felt uncomfortable because Picture 21: Section-Wada with courtyard the street, in the area we worked in this was we could not tell whether it was private or not, not the case, as they were only residential. especially in the areas with strong community The entrances to the apartments are facing bonds. Even though the street formally is public, the courtyard, which organizes and connects the way the residents of the neighborhoods uses the indoor spaces. Traditionally the courtyard it gives another feeling. They are almost used was utilized a lot for everyday tasks, however the same way as the courtyards of the wada. today, not everyone saw the same value in This gradation from public to private can also the courtyard. One woman, who wanted to be found inside the houses. One example is a renovate her wada into an modern apartment home we visited where they had a room to serve building called the courtyard a “waste of space”. guests facing the street, while the kitchen where Another family on the other hand treated their the food was prepared was in the second floor. Picture 22: Section-Wada with kattas 116 117 Low-rise and Community In community "Q", many we interviewed credited the The community and areas where there were many low-rise buildings had very obvious community street life for how quickly the ties. We did not initially realize how complex these communities were, but from the very first day new families were included. we noticed a sense of community in the areas with low-rise buildings. On every street there are When children use the street children playing, women washing clothes and dishes, and people stopping to talk or sit on the as a playground, and women benches, open door policy is exist. The low-rise areas have a sense of social cohesion, though they use it as a laundry room it is may not identify as one community there is a sense of neighborhood. From our conversation with hard to not interact with your the community who live in low-rise building, we could see the community bond is very strong and neighbors. One older woman when the low rise turning down to high rise, they said the community bond is decreased we met beleived the children were the biggest force in creating a community. Her Picture 24: Community grandchildren from out of town were instantly included in games and adventures because the activity outside their home.
In community "B", is an area owned by Pune Municipal Picture 23: Community Corporation (PMC), with housing for PMC workers. that In community 'S', most of their families have lived in the area are from different caste and for 2-4 generations. In most cases their great-grandparents or religions. It was developed in grandparents bought the land between the 1920s and 1960s and 1968 after the flood in 1964. built the house or moved into an existing one. Most of the families Most of the families that moved in these communities live in traditional houses with their joint to the area in 1968 are still living family, however there are exceptions. One family in another there. As we could see, PMC community, gave their property to the hands of an developer, who has built the house resemble demolished their original wada and built a new 4- story apartment to wada. It has courtyard in the building. The family got a whole floor for themselves with new, center for woman to wash their Picture 25: PMC workers community modern apartments, while the rest of the apartments were sold clothes and children to play. by the developer to other families. There are many cases like this With this building typology, in Kasba Peth and in other parts of Pune. In this case the new the community bond could be families are not considered a part of the community by those we preserved. interviewed. We could see form this case that the community bond will be decresed when they change their building typology to high-rise. 118 119 Low-rise Buildings and Heritage He described how the concrete buildings require is commercial space and upper levels are The center open yard that could be found too much electricity because concrete holds heat residential. With the exception of the most dense in their old traditional house vanished. The The British were not wrong in calling Kasba in, but stone stays cool. In the hot and humid and largest high-rise buildings, the buildings are using of building material that heightened Peth “an anachronism” (Diddee, 2013). It can still climate of India a building that keeps itself cool on private land. the room temperature is also another obstacle instill that impression over half a century later. without the aid of an air conditioner can help they have experienced in high-rise building. Walking into certain areas of Kasba Peth--like High rise on private land Based on our keep electrical costs down. When asked what he section A and B--are like walking into a medieval observation and conversations with the residents High rise on public / government land. The really wanted he said a big old house. Regrettably high-rise residential buildings that have been Indian town. The streets are narrow, crowded of Kasba Peth, the high-rise residential buildings he is not the owner of his home his brother is. on private land are usually built by a joint family built on government land are provided to slum with community activity, and named for the Their beautiful wada is set to be demolished and or a joint community who live for generations dwellers who live for years in that land. The profession of those who used to inhabit them. replaced with flats--that just accommodate their in traditional houses, also known as wadas, or buildings are constructed by public private Many are so narrow that a single scooter can family--imminently by private developer . They hire private builders partnerships between private builders, the SRA, only pass while pedestrians cling to stoops to be and pull down the 100 years-old traditional and PMC. Similar to the arguments by the people out of the way, but nevertheless these winding Low-rise and solid waste management buildings to construct new high-rise residential living in private high-rise buildings, insufficient ways act as laundry room, community meeting In the low-rise areas, though there are not visible buildings. Inadequate living space and a lack of living space, lack of access to safe water and space, kitchen, and playground. Women and sanitation in their previous old traditional house adequate sanitation were the main reasons for containers, the waste does not accumulate on the children walk in and out of wadas, and other are the main reasons for pulling down their old providing affordable housing in the form of street. From our observation, because the living old buildings with impunity and are more than traditional house. Albeit they are quite satisfied high-rise buildings. However, contradictory space within the structures is small the street willing to take a couple of foreign strangers on with the adequate living space and the proper with the satisfied residents in privately owned becomes and extension of everyone’s home. In a tour, drown them with chi, and smother them bathroom in their recent house, they admitted highrises the people who has been living in an area, we witnessed a woman chastising the with Diwali treats. the social bond that they have built over the the high-rise building on government land children for littering in the street. The extension years between the neighbors are decreased, are disgruntled with their dwellings. They still We spoke to many people in the old buildings of the home into the street by all the residents in especially to the neighborhood outside the experience inadequate living space, lack of in Kasba Peth and learned of the conflicting the area made the maintenance of the street the high-rise building. The children found that water for people living in upper floor, power views, some of which even existed within the responsibility of all. they could not easily to play with their friends outages and improperly maintained amenities, same home. We heard from two men, both because their apartment door is always closed. like elevators, in their dwellings. High-rise living in wada, about the structural advantages of buildings made of stone and wood. The When entering the east side of Kasba Peth from man in the wooden house that he shared with the north road, via Veer Shantaji Ghorpade his five brothers and their families, described Road, high-rise and medium-rise building greet how wood can not crack. That living with his you. It is quite different than the west side of extended family was good, it helped the children Kasba Peth that is dominated by low-rise and learn about the past and it made them happy old traditional building, the east side of Kasba and close. The way they lived extended beyond Peth is dominated by high-rise and medium- their walls and into the neighborhood which he rise building. The high-rise and medium-rise described as a big family that is always there buildings are predominantly located near to the for each other. The second man lived in a wada main road and function as residential building with 40 other members of his extended family. or mixed-use building in which the first floor Table 4: Comparison High-rise built on private land and on public land 120 121 High rise and community reason that they rarely use elevators. Lack of PMC and elective representative person (Nagar Sevak) It is not so much that there is a community attention to the community’s complaints also in areas with highrises, but how there is not another situation that make the problems in the a sense of one. Only on the edges where the high-rise building could not be overcomed. These streets started to narrow again, and the high- obstacles lead several residents to rent their flats rise buildings intermingled more with low-rise to other people, and find other space outside the structures that children started playing on the building as their living space, which is illegal. streets and people--mainly men--congregated on the street. High-rise and Intangible Heritage In the north of Kasaba Peth the people were New development threatens the heritage of mainly muslim. The buildings vary from old Kasba Peth. A repeated refrain through our wadas to newer 3-5 storey apartment buildings interviews was those in new developments with some slum-like small cottages mixed in. don’t talk to anyone, we never see with them, We found the people in this area especially or we never play with them. Our own data near to high rise building more difficult to collection reflects this; for all our efforts to approach than other parts of Kasba Peth. try and interview them we were only able to speak to a handful of people living in the new High rise and slum development. Promises of more parking, private Even though the minimum standard of tenement bathrooms, and more living space are made area regulated by SRA has already followed the and fulfilled but at the cost of the community. standard of floor area for per person stated In speaking with a group of children about the in The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on new development buildings, they talked about a Human Settlements 2003 By UN-Habitat which friend they don’t see anymore. She moved into is five square meters per person, occupying a new development, and despite the fact this an average of 25 square meters per tenement new home was mere meters from their own, she mostly by household of four person or more never came down to play. When talking to the per is still sensed inadequate by most of the children of Kasba Peth it was easy to tell who dwellers. Community participation to overcome lived in a low building, who lived in a high-rise, LEGEND the building’s problem already occurred, but and who had moved into a high-rise from some other part of Pune. The children who lived in the High-rise on public land it was unsuccessful. The community bond between the people and the sense of belonging low buildings didn’t like the highrises because High-rise on private land the building by several residents are deficient, they never saw their friends anymore. One of hence when some residents are asked to take part the first people we talked to was an 11 year boy in collecting building maintenance fees, such as who acted as our translator for his uncle. While elevator maintenance, they refused it, especially the uncle gave us some useful information it Map 5: High-rise on private land and on public land for residents who live in ground floor, for the was the little boy who astutely commented on 122 123 how the people in highrises never talk to anyone Conclusion and Way to recommendations and he wouldn’t want to live in one because By the end of our fieldwork we found Kasba of that. That sentiment was repeated by many Peth to be more complex than we could have of the people we talked to, though the adults imagined. seemed to deem the loss worth the extra space and other amenities high-rise living offers. Though solid waste management, development, and heritage issues seemed to affect everyone, High-rise and Waste management it does so in different ways. We found people One sixteen year old girl we interviewed told us who saw the effect highrises had on community that she didn't like spending much time outside and sanitation, and some who didn’t. For every their home because of the way the area is person who saw sanitation as an issue, there maintained. This opinion was reflected in many was another who saw no problem with someone of the conversations we had with those living else’s problem. It highlighted the importance near high-rise buildings. It seemed that those of participatory planning. There is no simple living in areas with new development buildings solution, any solution will have far reaching and were more likely to see the public spaces as not unintended effects. within their realm and are unwilling to help . keep it clean. Though there is bias entrenched in how we got this impression, because we were unable to speak with many living in the highrises our impression was formed by interviews with people living closer to the ground and those in official positions like the Nagar Sevak. If accurate, this view further compounds the consequences of PMC’s negligent of the waste collection. The nagar sevak told us that these places become littered with waste when the inhabitants who live in the upper levels of highrises throw their waste into the street at night. In a snowballing effect, it appeared that as high-rise dwellers are disconnected from the street so did those living in low-rise buildings as the area around their homes became littered. With no one taking responsibility for the waste management the streets are not clean. Picture 26: Smile of children
Picture 27: Proliferation of High-rise building 124 125 Slum Upgrading for 158 sqm dwellers Heritage Policy and Promotion PROPOSAL (unidentified slum) • Introduce Smart Heritage tax incentives • Transparency regarding the slum • Promote renovation and rehabilitation of rehabilitation process and the options Basis of four proposal instead of one that older properties available to slum dwellers in PMC. covers the whole area • Create community saving By the end of our fieldwork we found Kasaba Peth to be more complex than we could have Slum upgrading for people under SRA imagined. It felt like for every community we • Put the participatory design in deciding found there were smaller ones within it each be taken from theory into reality we suggest that minimum living space area into the with overlapping and distinct problems. Having those who do so use our participatory method regulations various communities with their own unique and recommendations throughout the process. different problems made us unable to propose one solution for the entire area. However, based While each project has unique stakeholders, on participatory activities with the community, no project in Kasba Peth would be achievable we have found that heritage, sanitation, new without engaging the Negar Savak or when development and slum upgrading are the applicable the Kasba Mata. main issues in eastern Kasba Peth. We can not Participatory street upgrading/public space Improvement in solid waste infrastructure propose something that would help the whole upgrading as a way to improve sanitation and and enforcement of laws on sanitation area, but we can propose four potential ways for social bonds in the community area lacking • Initiate sensitization and awareness improvement. These could act as pilot projects street activity and set an example or merely as a springboard building campaign • Road improvement and traffic restrictions for someone else’s ideas. These four proposals • Rekindle the spirit of communalism in the are for specific areas of Kasba Peth, but as seen • Implement designated sidewalks, to make younger generation in our situational analysis the interconnectivity a clear division between the space meant • Plant the culture of cleanliness in younger of the area means that if enacted, a proposal for driving and for walking could have far reaching effects. generations • Participation from community and stake • Provision of more refuse container at the We created these proposals based on our holders in design the road designated waste collection point by PMC interviews and observations, but no proposal born from participatory research would be • Reward residents who obey the waste complete without community participation segregation project built into the process. If these proposals were to
126 127 which they think resembles other slum dweller not be the only option. Creating a savings Each household needs different space depending Proposal 1: Slum Upgrading conditions. According to UN Habitat and group within their own community could help on how many of members there are. Participation Slum upgrading for 158 square meters area Maharstra Act 1971, their condition can be facilitate being chosen for a scheme or allow for between households who will occupy the (unidentified slums) categorized as slum area and they wish to have upgrading without government intervention. building in determining the minimum living dwellings similar to those other slum dwellers Essentially, PMC need to outline all the space with the designer or builder is needed Basis of Proposal have received. However, their unidentified slum resources slum dwellers have available to them, because the minimum requirement of space of In our conversation with several people who conditions and small residential areas prevented and what steps they can take to utilize those each household could be different, depending live in the 158 square meters unidentified slum them from receiving rehabilitation programs resources effectively. It would be good if PMC on the number of family members. area, they explained to us that they want a larger under SRA scheme. They have met PMC to has a division to centralize all the information Proposal living space and proper sanitation inside their discuss their condition and asked the possibility regarding of slum rehabilitation schemes house, but they lacked the funds to do so. When to be rehabilitated under SRA scheme but no included NGO initiatives, so slum dwellers could Currently the extent of the community asked what kind of living space that they want, good results. be easier in finding whoch slum rehabilitation participation required by policy is that 70% of they always pointed to the high-rise residential schemes is suitable for them. In other side the the households must consent to rehabilitation. Proposal building that are behind their area. The large determination of identified slum, declared slum This not only ignores the concerns of the 30% number of high-rise residential building of We would like PMC to have more transparency and undeclared slum should be reviewed, as not interested in rehabilitation, but it is hardly slum rehabilitation areas under the Slum regarding the slum rehabilitation process and there are still some unidentified slum pockets in a participatory process. We propose additional, rehabilitation scheme with PPP scheme from the options available to slum dwellers. An SRA Kasba Peth. mandatory, participatory planning be added to SRA near to their residence and their condition scheme is not the only way to better housing the policy to give a stronger voice to those being Slum upgrading for related to inadequate in Pune and using government resources may rehomed. of living space for people who live in less maintained high-rise building under SRA By including the future residents in the planning scheme. (unidentified slums) process concerns over living space or common space would be heard and accommodated Basis of Proposal for. Having input over the design of their High-rise residential buildings on private land- future home would also increase the sense -that are usually built by a private developer, of ownership. Furthermore, though through- Reviewed the meaning of Transparency regarding the A division to centralize all PMC or in collaboration with a private builder--have the-grapevine feedback may not be the most identified slums, declared slums rehabilitation process the information regarding of slums and undeclared slums. and the options available to slum rehabilitation schemes more adequate living space and are better accurate, everyone knows someone who lives Re-register the slums pocket slum dwellers included NGO intiatives maintained in comparison to high-rise buildings in a high-rise and knows of their concerns. built under SRA schemes. Putting aside that Involving the future residents of these properties the joint community or joint family the funds would allow the plan to adjust, learn from the needed to build a house, they were participating problems associated with older developments, in determining their needs of living space with and ultimately provide them with properties private builder. They were also not limited to the that suit their needs. Current practice has both minimum requirement of the SRS requirement, private development and SRA schemes creating
Slum dwellers Community Saving which is 25 m2, so they can get adequate living something and not involving those who will be space according to their demands. occupying it.
128 129 Proposal 2: Heritage interviews we heard complaints about the lack of space and light, but these people were Basis of Proposal uninterested in the flat system as a remedy Within Kasba Peth there is an area illustrative of because they recognized they would lose their the interaction between intangible and tangible community. heritage. The entire area of east Kasba Peth We learned that PMC prefers the high-rise can serve as an example for how the intangible buildings because they provide adequate aspects of a society can be destroyed by the living space, and by building vertical space is built environment, but in the area there is an gained to accommodate more residents. This is opportunity to preserve the built environment Picture 29: Renovated old wada by the residents understandable, especially when using public that allows the intangible heritage to flourish. funds in SRA schemes, but it creates the illusion Undoubtedly there are similar areas throughout that demolition is the only way to better living. Pune that deserve to be preserved just as much as This is not the case, one family we met left the the ones remaining in Kasba Peth. Introducing exterior of their home intact while renovating some form of incentive would give owners a the interior. They estimate they got an addition reason to want heritage status and preserve their 4 square meters of living space by doing this. older buildings. Promoting the value of retaining the historic When Kasba Peth is described as walking back character of buildings could encourage people in time, it is this area they are referring to and to not just demolish. the residents don’t want it to change. In our Proposal
Use the Smart Heritage funds Encourage renovation and to incentivize maintaining rehabilitation instead of heritage buildings. There are reconstruction: several options including: • One family we met left • Reimbursement in the the exterior of their form of tax exemptions home intact while for maintenance of a renovating the interior. heritage property. They estimate they got an addition 4 square meters • Tax exemptions related to of living space by doing being declared a heritage this site. • This would allow the exterior to remain the same while upgrading the interior living space Picture 28: Renovated old wada by the residents Picture 30: Renovated old wada by the residents 130 131 Proposal 3: Street and public space upgrading condition. The sense of ownership is increased path and road by using different materials, and Proposal: Community and stake holders as a way to improve sanitation and social bonds by the lack of traffic. The easier it is to be in several benches have been placed along these participation in upgrading the road in the community area lacking street activity the street without vehicles interrupting activity, attempts at sidewalks. However, this has been There are many reasons why doing a participatory the easier it becomes to use the street, and in unsuccessful as people have difficulties walking Basis of Proposal process and involving the local residents and return the sense of ownership and emotional on the street due to the excessive traffic of cars, stakeholders is important and will benefit the Areas with low-rise buildings and narrow streets investment in the street grow. rickshaws and trucks on the road and thenumber street upgrading. From experiences of projects are cleaner than areas dominated by high- of motorcycles and cars parked on the would-be This lack of emotional investment and ownership, that have been done in the past, it is shown that rise buildings and wide roads. Based on our sidewalk. seen near the high-rise buildings can be seen participatory planning approaches are much observations, people living in low-rise buildings in the amount of garbage that characterize the Therefore, we would like to improve values of the more responsive, acceptable and successful in have a stronger sense of belonging associated roads in these areas. From our observations, the street as a common good and a meeting place, bringing about sustainable improvements. (UN- with the streets in front of their homes. As the community or local government has been trying where social interactions happens in order to habitat: Streets as tools for urban transformation streets act as an extension of the home-- an to improve the quality of the road and open increase the sense of ownership of the road with in slums) Involving the local residents can area to gather, interact, and play together-- space in eastern Kasba Peth. There is an attempt expectation this will reduce the amount of waste capture what the neighborhood really wants community members have a vested interest and to differentiate between the pedestrian disposal on the road. and needs from the project, (and not only what feel more obligated to keep it clean and in good planners think they need). Through participation Proposal of the planning nuances of everyday practices, of the street life and their aspirations will be taken into consideration and implemented. Community and stake holders participation in Also the participation of the community and upgrading the road relevant stakeholders would be crucial for making a responsive solution, and making sure the new changes will be complied with, as participation also contributes to give the residents a sense of ownership and obligation and their commitment to manage it in the future. Road improvement One example is street participation in Citywide Slum Upgrading (CSUP) in Agra is an example on a project that aims at implementing slum upgrading on a citywide scale by engaging local stakeholders in a bottom-up planning LEGEND and implementation process. The upgrading High excessive traffic Traffic restriction takes place in different parts of Agra. In one Excessive traffic part, Kutchpura, the upgrading includes basic Moderate traffic services for inhabitants as well as a heritage Map 5: Traffic situation walk,taking advantage of monuments in the
132 133 settlement to link slum streets with the city, way to somewhere. Reducing the traffic in make the drivers and business owners more streets completely to be used by the people to generate local employment in tourism and this street could be a big improvement for the cooperable. As one-way streets is a solution celebrate. improve the slum’s image, as well as improving pedestrians and the people with houses facing that is already used a lot of places in Pune, the As a follow-up to this we would also propose to the streets and public spaces as a basic unit for the street without being a huge intervention. idea is known, which could make it easier to One proposal could be to make the street one- implement designated sidewalks, to make a clear community organisation. implement. way only as shown in map 7. The map also division between the space meant for driving Proposal: Road improvement and traffic shows an alternative route drivers could use There could also be introduced time restrictions and for walking, and making space outside restrictions through streets that are already made to deal for vehicles. As shown in the map, there is a port the homes to be used by the residents.Further Baburao Ahwad Path is the most trafficked street with heavier traffic. in the north-west of the street. This could be construction of street lights could also be done, in the East side of Kasba Peth. On one side of Making the street one-way, would free space closed on special days and festivals, giving the to increase a sense of safety. the road there is high-rise buildings, while the for pedestrians and could also give space for other side is characterized by low-rise, more the people living in houses facing the street traditional indian houses. Our observations was to use (picture 31). At the same time, not LEGEND that this street was dominated by men, and that blocking the street totally for vehicles could Traffic circlutaion for two way the people using the street were mainly on their make the transition not too big, and will might Traffic circlutaion for one way
Map 7: Proposal traffic circulation
Picture 31: Proposal street hierachy
LEGEND Traffic circlutaion
Two ways road MARUTI MANDIR
Map 6: Existing traffic circulation 134 135 Since putting up traffic restrictions will change outreaches, regular meetings and symposiums, collection point. Also, the ghantagadi (bell truck), the accessibility in some cases, some of the can come up with programs and activities to instead of visiting the area once a day should be residents may be skeptical. Therefore having educate the community members on the likely made to patrol the area twice a day that is morning an broad agreement and acceptance from benefits the community stands to gain when and evening so that they can sufficiently serve the neighborhood in the community is very the environment becomes sanitized and vice the community members. Regular but effective important. Cooperating with the community versa. The expectation is that, as the community fumigation exercise should be carried out by house in the junction north of the street, which members are continuously engaged, they PMC at the designated waste collection points already serves as a converging point for many may become conscientize and desist from so as to keep the area clean at all times. Once of the community members who normally disposing off their waste indiscriminately to the PMC demonstrate their commitment towards come around to engage in daily conversation disadvantage of all. this exercise and win the trust of the community and issues that affect the community. At this members, the likelihood that some of the people Again, the spirit of community is a virtue that point the community house is seldom used to will allow PMC to position the refuse containers must be built in the people of Kasba Peth. The have formal meetings, however, its use could on their private land is highly possible. leadership of the community, for example, the be strengthened, and used as a starting point to elected representatives, the community leaders, Finally, PMC should come up with an incentive set up a forum working on the problem. As the religious leaders and the opinion leaders must package so that the community members who community house were mainly used by men, set an example by showing the way towards the take the waste segregation project seriously are this could be a way of initiating and strengthen cleaning of the streets and open/public spaces rewarded. By so doing, more people may be a broader use of the community house. that have been littered with waste. These are enticed to practice same and thereby reducing The maintenance and management of the public people of high repute within the community huge amount of money that is spent on waste spaces often being implemented or upgraded is and their subordinates also accord them the segregation. Again, the relevant sanctions a challenge that often is forgotten or neglected. necessary courtesies it deserves and so once governing indiscriminate dumping of waste In this case, the cooperation with negar sevak they take initiative to start cleaning these must be enforced by PMC without fear or favour could be a way to make sure the upgradings will unhygienic places, the rest of the community so that it will serve as some form of deterrent to be maintained. members will have no choice but to follow suit. the members of the community who intend to Coupled with the spirit of communalism, is the violate the laws on waste management. Proposal 4: Enforcement the law of solid culture of cleanliness that should be planted in waste management and improve solid waste the younger generation. These younger ones infrastructure should be made to know the sense of living and Massive sensitization and awareness building caring for the environment and the possible campaigns must be initiated by these key implications should the environment become stakeholders, for example, the health and unhygienic for human habitation so that, they solid waste management departments of PMC, will keep with it whiles they grow up in age. the elected representative of the people, the Furthermore, PMC must ensure that the social leadership of the various religious groups, contract they have with the people of Kasba Peth community and opinion leaders to drive home as far as of picking the waste daily is strictly the need to live in a clean environment.The adhered to. Additionally, PMC must provide stakeholders through community gatherings, more refuse container at the designated waste 136 137 REFELECTIONS
Group East Group West
When sitting down to reflect as a group Welfry It was a great luck for us to work together in jokingly said “I do not know what I have done or the core area of Pune, which has its fascinating what I need to do”. This sums up the fieldwork culture, traditions, and vibrant communities. quite nicely. It was overwhelming, stressful, During the fieldwork, we were not only observing some of the most fun we have ever had, and and analyzing the study area but also learning somehow simultaneously never ending and how the theory works outside the classroom and ending too soon. It was a whirlwind. We learned how it does not. so much about the Indian bureaucratic system, When conducting the interviews and observing participatory planning and the consequences the area we tried to look at the situation of non-participatory planning, methods of independently without taking any sides in order research, and Indian society in general. The, to get the real image. somewhat extreme, hands-on approach to learning that we had this semester was eye- We are grateful to all people who kindly opening. Lectures can only capture so much, offered their help with the project. Having the but being immersed in it creates a whole participation of the residents made our work sensory learning experience. Our learning almost easy. With their cooperation we were expanded beyond the realm of pure academics able to gather lots of information.We hope that into the social and cultural things that can’t be our report can be useful for further studies in captured via secondary accounts. You can’t fully the area and that our proposals could become a capture what you learn being dragged across a starting point for future interventions. settlement by children eager to show you their Diwali forts, school work, and home in words. Much of our experience was like that, amazing and fun, but hard to put into words. 138 139 Addl. Director General (Arch.), CPWD, Nirman Bhawan. July, 2013,Addl. New DirectorDelhi – General110011. (Arch.), CPWD, Nirman Bhawan. July, 2013, New Delhi – 110011. Bangerjee, B. (2012). Streets as tools for urban transformationBangerjee, B. in (2012). slum: StreetsA street-led as tools approach for urban to city wide slumtransformation upgrading. Retrieved in slum: Afrom street-led https://unhabitat.org/streets- approach to city wide as-tools-for-urban-transformation-in-slumsslum upgrading. Retrieved from https://unhabitat.org/streets- as-tools-for-urban-transformation-in-slums CPCB. (March 6, 2017). Minutes of interactive meeting conductedCPCB. (Marchby CPCB 6, with2017). ULBs Minutes on of MSW interact Managementive meeting held on Marchconducted 2nd 2017 by at CPCB India with Habitat ULBs onCentre MSW (Tamarind Management Hall). held on Delhi,March India. 2nd 2017 at India Habitat Centre (Tamarind Hall). REFERENCES GLOSSARY OF TERMS Delhi, India. REFERENCESREFERENCES Diddee, J. (2013). Pune Queen of Deccan. Pune, India: INTACHDiddee, Pune J. Chapter.(2013). Pune Queen of Deccan. Pune, India: INTACH Pune Chapter. General Direction. (2013). Conservation of Heritage General Direction. (2013). Conservation of Heritage
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