KASBA PETH URBAN ECOLOGICAL PLANNING NTNU INDEX Preface 5 Acknowledgement 7 About Pune 8 Historic of Pune and Kasba Peth 10 Kasba Peth West 16 Kasba Peth East 92 Reflections 138 Glossary 140 References 141 2 3 FieldworkFieldwork in in Pune, Pune, India India – Fall - Fall 2017 2017 AAR4525AAR4525 -- UrbanUrban ActionAction Planning Planning PREFACE DepartmentDepartment of of Architecture Architecture and and Planning Planning FacultyFaculty of ArchitectureArchitecture and and Design Design Marcin Sliwa, Hilde Refstie and Rolee Aranya Fieldwork Supervisors, NTNU, Department of Architecture and Planning Authors : Group 1 - Bhujel Nitu, Kandratsenka Nataliya, Li Xin, Perez Banda Emmanel Alejandro Authors: Group1- Bhujel Nitu, Kandratsenka Nataliya, Li Xin, Pérez Banda Emmanuel Alejandro Group2- Group 2Karlsen - Karlsen Kristina Kristina Stenda, Stendal, Awusie Awusie Mathias, Mathias, Smith SmithPenelope Penelope Louise, Louise, Zwestin Gomgom Welfry Welfry Zwestin Gomgom This report is the outcome of a one semester fieldwork given the task to focus their further investigation SupportSupport: : ShinkarShinkar Vinita, Vinita, Joshi Joshi Swapnil Swapnil, Gawade Mayura in Pune and New Delhi (India), conducted by students on three different settlements in central Pune: one at the Faculty of Architecture and Design at the being a notified slum known as Shirole Vasti and Norwegian University of Science and Technology two being old-city residential and marketplace (NTNU) in collaboration with the School of Planning areas: Kasba Peth and Raviwar Peth. In all three and Architecture (SPA) New Delhi. The fieldwork was settlements, interesting dynamics of formalizing- part of a research project “Smart Sustainable City informal and informalizing-formal can be observed. Regions in India” (SSCRI) financed by the Norwegian This theme will be further elaborated in the report. Centre for International Cooperation in Education In their project work, students practiced what we (SIU). The one-semester fieldwork is an integral call the “Urban Ecological Planning” approach, which part of the 2-year International Master of Science focuses on integrated area-based (as opposed to Program in Urban Ecological Planning (UEP) at NTNU sectorial) situation analysis and proposal making established in 1997. Similar fieldtrips have been using participatory and strategic planning methods. undertaken previously in Nepal, Uganda and India. By spending one month in the assigned areas Students participating in the UEP fieldworks and engaging with local communities as well as have always been very diverse in terms of their relevant stakeholders, students gained an in-depth nationalities and professional backgrounds. This understanding of the local context, which allowed group is no exception; among the 22 participants them to discover strengths and weaknesses and of the 2017 fieldwork are architects, urban planners, identify opportunities and challenges in each of engineers, geographers, environmentalists, the areas, something that would be impossible to psychologists as well as experts in communication, achieve by applying more traditional technocratic business and sustainability. They come from and purely quantitative planning methods. Belarus, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Indonesia, A particular focus of this fieldwork was on issues Lebanon, Mexico, Nepal, Norway and the USA. related to land, housing, water, sanitation and The semester started with an intensive two-week livelihoods. Students were also tasked to put period with introductory lectures and preparatory their areas and proposals in the perspective of activities at the NTNU premises in Trondheim, the Smart Cities Mission, which is the largest Norway. After arriving in Pune, NTNU students urban development fund and initiative currently joined the SPA New Delhi students from the implemented by the Government of India. Regional Planning and Environmental Planning Students prepared a total of three situational Master programs to investigate planning issues analysis reports with proposals – one for each at the regional, metropolitan and city scales. After of the studied area. This report sums up the the joint NTNU-SPA field research, NTNU students work of two groups working in Kasba Peth have been divided into six smaller groups and were 5 4 4 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many people and organizations who contributed to this work and we would like to express our immense appreciation for their support. First and foremost, we would like to thank the Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (SIU) for providing financial support for this project. We are particularly thankful for the assistance given by the faculty at the School of Planning and Architecture (SPA) New Delhi: Prof. N. Sridharan, Ass. Prof. Arunava Dasgupta, Prof. Vinita Yadav and Prof. Meenakshi Dhote; as well as the students from the Urban Design, Regional Planning and Environmental Planning Master’s programs. We would like to give our special thanks to Prof. Pratap Rawal from the Dept. of Town Planning at the College of Engineering, Pune (COEP) for his hospitality, logistic support, and in-depth knowledge in the field. Our field investigation would not be possible without the assistance in translation by the COEP students involved in the project. We would like to express our gratitude to Mr. Sharad Mahajan from the Maharashtra Social Housing and Action League (MASHAL), Arch. Jui Tawade and Arch. Sharvey Dhongde from the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) Pune Chapter, as well as Dr. Meera Bapat and Arch. Prasanna Desai for sharing with us their local expertise and relevant information. Last but not least, we would like to thank all the local communities in Pune for taking their time to participate in our project and welcoming us in their homes and neighbourhoods. 7 6 7 CHINA PAKISTAN PUNE INDIA round 120 kilometers to the east of Mumbai on the banks of the Mula Mutha River, the city of Pune rests. A CHINA As the second largest city in the Indian state Maharashtra, Pune holds host to PAKISTAN 3,124,458 people within its city limits. The whole metropolitan region, which is spread INDIA over 243.84 Sq.Km and resting 560 metres (1,837 feet) above sea level on the Deccan PUNE plateau, has a population of 5,057,709 PUNE (census). Considered the cultural capital of Maharashtra, this historic city has grown from the river banks into the Pensioners Paradise, and--within the last decade-- redefined itself as the a center for industry- SRI LANKA -specifically IT-- and education. Despite MAHARASHTRA IN INDIA PUNE DISTRICT IN MAHARASHTRA PUNE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION PUNE CITY this development Pune has managed to maintain its historic roots and its historic areas, like Parvati Hill and Temples, Shaniwar Wada Lal Dewal Western Ghats, Lal Mahal Sinhagad Fort, and Rajgad Fort, are renowned tourist attractions. Identified as one of India’s 100 Smart Cities Pune is still an evolving and vibrant metropolis. SRI LANKA 9 8 9 Historic Pune and Kasba Peth of people from surrounding areas and another After independence in 1947 from Britain, Pune resettling of people after every natural disaster. saw a lot of development, national defense Pune city started from a small agricultural After the death of Shivaji, Mugal attack on the academy at Khadakwasla and the national settlement called “Punnakka”. Later the Deccan increased in intensity. During this time chemical laboratory at Pashan were established. settlement had grown to a small village called as new wards were settled around the Kasba Pune Industrial development started in the 1950s and Kasbe Pune or Punavadi. This region had been and merged to form a single ward of the city. '60s in Hadapsar, Bhosari, Pimpri and Parvati. ruled by many rulers of different dynasties. The Although it merged with other settlement it Telco started operations in 1961, which gave boost evidence found in copper plates dated back to became successful to preserve its identity and to the automobile sector. The flood that happened 758 AD and of 768 AD shows that it was ruled by known from the same name. This core area Rashtrakootas. After them it was ruled by the was getting more and more crowded with the on 12th July 1961, due to the collapsing of the Yadava dynasty and Mugal has also ruled the city passing time, agricultural lands were used to Panshet dam submerged nearly half of Pune till the middle of the 17th century. form settlement and gets urbanized. The old and left hundreds homeless as well as altered There is no precise record where the original core area has its own life which is not affected by the geography of the city. Government resettled settlement began. According to common belief, the city development in present day too. (Queen half of the homeless people in new areas and there were three original villages- Kasarli, of Deccan) raised the land level of Kasba Peth from the river. Kumbhar and Punewadi which combined to Pune again gained importance in the Peshwa Consequently, by 1966, the city had expanded in form the town. In present day also this places period of the second Peshwa Thorala Bajirao all directions. Some people who were resettled are known from the same name in Kasba who ruled from 1720 to 1740. Peshwa Thorala shifted to the core city areas as since their Peth. The boundary of this area are said to be Bajirao constructed Saniwar wada in 1736 businesses were booming there and this further marked by temples like Puneswar, Kedareshwar, which is one of the important monuments