Zuzana Musilová
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Selection, Constraint, and Adaptation in the Visual Genes of Neotropical Cichlid Fishes and Other Vertebrates
SELECTION, CONSTRAINT, AND ADAPTATION IN THE VISUAL GENES OF NEOTROPICAL CICHLID FISHES AND OTHER VERTEBRATES by Frances Elisabeth Hauser A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Frances E. Hauser 2018 SELECTION, CONSTRAINT, AND ADAPTATION IN THE VISUAL GENES OF NEOTROPICAL CICHLID FISHES AND OTHER VERTEBRATES Frances E. Hauser Doctor of Philosophy, 2018 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2018 ABSTRACT The visual system serves as a direct interface between an organism and its environment. Studies of the molecular components of the visual transduction cascade, in particular visual pigments, offer an important window into the relationship between genetic variation and organismal fitness. In this thesis, I use molecular evolutionary models as well as protein modeling and experimental characterization to assess the role of variable evolutionary rates on visual protein function. In Chapter 2, I review recent work on the ecological and evolutionary forces giving rise to the impressive variety of adaptations found in visual pigments. In Chapter 3, I use interspecific vertebrate and mammalian datasets of two visual genes (RH1 or rhodopsin, and RPE65, a retinoid isomerase) to assess different methods for estimating evolutionary rate across proteins and the reliability of inferring evolutionary conservation at individual amino acid sites, with a particular emphasis on sites implicated in impaired protein function. ii In Chapters 4, and 5, I narrow my focus to devote particular attention to visual pigments in Neotropical cichlids, a highly diverse clade of fishes distributed across South and Central America. -
Comparative Cytogenetics of Neotropical Cichlid Fishes
COMPARATIVE A peer-reviewed open-access journal CompCytogen 8(3): 169–183 (2014)Comparative cytogenetics of Neotropical cichlid fishes... 169 doi: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v8i3.7279 RESEARCH ARTICLE Cytogenetics www.pensoft.net/journals/compcytogen International Journal of Plant & Animal Cytogenetics, Karyosystematics, and Molecular Systematics Comparative cytogenetics of Neotropical cichlid fishes (Nannacara, Ivanacara and Cleithracara) indicates evolutionary reduction of diploid chromosome numbers Lucie Hodaňová1, Lukáš Kalous1, Zuzana Musilová1,2,3 1 Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic 2 Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AV CR, Libechov, Czech Republic 3 Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland Corresponding author: Zuzana Musilová ([email protected]) Academic editor: Petr Rab | Received 17 February 2014 | Accepted 29 July 2014 | Published 8 August 2014 http://zoobank.org/E973BC3C-DBEA-4915-9E63-6BBEE9E0940D Citation: Hodaňová L, Kalous L, Musilová Z (2014) Comparative cytogenetics of Neotropical cichlid fishes Nannacara( , Ivanacara and Cleithracara) indicates evolutionary reduction of diploid chromosome numbers. Comparative Cytogenetics 8(3): 169–183. doi: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v8i3.7279 Abstract A comparative cytogenetic analysis was carried out in five species of a monophyletic clade of neotropical Cichlasomatine cichlids, namely Cleithracara maronii Steindachner, 1881, Ivanacara adoketa (Kullander & Prada-Pedreros, 1993), Nannacara anomala Regan, 1905, N. aureocephalus Allgayer, 1983 and N. tae- nia Regan, 1912. Karyotypes and other chromosomal characteristics were revealed by CDD banding and mapped onto the phylogenetic hypothesis based on molecular analyses of four genes, namely cyt b, 16S rRNA, S7 and RAG1. The diploid numbers of chromosomes ranged from 44 to 50, karyotypes were com- posed predominantly of monoarmed chromosomes and one to three pairs of CMA3 signal were observed. -
Exon-Based Phylogenomics Strengthens the Phylogeny of Neotropical Cichlids And
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/133512; this version posted July 13, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Exon-based phylogenomics strengthens the phylogeny of Neotropical cichlids and 2 identifies remaining conflicting clades (Cichliformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae) 3 4 Katriina L. Ilves1,2*, Dax Torti3,4, and Hernán López-Fernández1 5 1 Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, 6 ON M5S 2C6 Canada 7 2 Current address: Biology Department, Pace University, 1 Pace Plaza, New York, NY 8 10038 9 3 Donnelly Sequencing Center, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON 10 M5S 3E1 Canada 11 4 Current address: Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Center, 661 University 12 Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3 Canada 13 *Corresponding author at: Biology Department, Pace University, 1 Pace Plaza, New 14 York, NY 10038; email: [email protected] 15 16 Abstract 17 The phenotypic, geographic, and species diversity of cichlid fishes have made them a 18 group of great interest for studying evolutionary processes. Here we present a targeted- 19 exon next-generation sequencing approach for investigating the evolutionary 20 relationships of cichlid fishes (Cichlidae), with focus on the Neotropical subfamily 21 Cichlinae using a set of 923 primarily single-copy exons designed through mining of the 22 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) genome. Sequence capture and assembly were 23 robust, leading to a complete dataset of 415 exons for 139 species (147 terminals) that 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/133512; this version posted July 13, 2017. -
Extensive Chromosomal Reorganization in Apistogramma Fishes (Cichlidae, Cichlinae) Fits the Complex Evolutionary Diversification of the Genus
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Extensive Chromosomal Reorganization in Apistogramma Fishes (Cichlidae, Cichlinae) Fits the Complex Evolutionary Diversification of the Genus Gideão Wagner Werneck Félix da Costa 1, Marcelo de Bello Cioffi 2, Thomas Liehr 3,*, Eliana Feldberg 4, Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo 2 and Wagner Franco Molina 1 1 Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil 2 Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil 3 Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany 4 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Laboratório de Genética Animal, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 July 2019; Accepted: 19 August 2019; Published: 21 August 2019 Abstract: Neotropical cichlid fishes are one of the most diversified and evolutionarily successful species assemblages. Extremely similar forms and intraspecific polychromatism present challenges for the taxonomy of some of these groups. Several species complexes have a largely unknown origin and unresolved evolutionary processes. Dwarf cichlids of the genus Apistogramma, comprising more than a hundred species, exhibit intricate taxonomic and biogeographic patterns, with both allopatric and sympatric distributions. However, karyotype evolution and the role of chromosomal changes in Apistogramma are still unknown. In the present study, nine South American Apistogramma species were analyzed using conventional cytogenetic methods and the mapping of repetitive DNA sequences [18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and (TTAGGG)n] by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). -
Exon-Based Phylogenomics Strengthens the Phylogeny of Neotropical Cichlids And
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/133512; this version posted May 2, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Exon-based phylogenomics strengthens the phylogeny of Neotropical cichlids and 2 identifies remaining conflicting clades (Cichlomorphae: Cichlidae: Cichlinae) 3 4 Katriina L. Ilves1,2*, Dax Torti3,4, and Hernán López-Fernández1 5 1 Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, 6 ON M5S 2C6 Canada 7 2 Current address: Biology Department, Pace University, 1 Pace Plaza, New York, NY 8 10038 9 3 Donnelly Sequencing Center, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON 10 M5S 3E1 Canada 11 4 Current address: Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Center, 661 University 12 Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3 Canada 13 *Corresponding author at: Biology Department, Pace University, 1 Pace Plaza, New 14 York, NY 10038; email: [email protected] 15 16 Abstract 17 The phenotypic, geographic, and species diversity of cichlid fishes have made them a 18 group of great interest for studying evolutionary processes. Here we present a targeted- 19 exon next-generation sequencing approach for investigating the evolutionary 20 relationships of cichlid fishes (Cichlidae), with a particular focus on the Neotropical 21 subfamily Cichlinae using a set of 923 primarily single-copy exons designed through 22 mining of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) genome. Sequence capture and 23 assembly were robust, leading to a complete dataset of 415 exons for 139 species (147 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/133512; this version posted May 2, 2017. -
Body Size Evolution and Diversity of Fishes Using the Neotropical Cichlids (Cichlinae) As a Model System
Body Size Evolution and Diversity of Fishes using the Neotropical Cichlids (Cichlinae) as a Model System by Sarah Elizabeth Steele A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Sarah Elizabeth Steele 2018 Body Size Evolution and Diversity of Fishes using the Neotropical Cichlids (Cichlinae) as a Model System Sarah Elizabeth Steele Doctor of Philosophy Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2018 Abstract The influence of body size on an organism’s physiology, morphology, ecology, and life history has been considered one of the most fundamental relationships in ecology and evolution. The ray-finned fishes are a highly diverse group of vertebrates. Yet, our understanding of diversification in this group is incomplete, and the role of body size in creating this diversity is largely unknown. I examined body size in Neotropical cichlids (Cichlinae) to elucidate the large- and small-scale factors affecting body size diversity and distribution, and how body size shapes species, morphological, and ecological diversity in fishes. Characterization of body size distributions across the phylogeny of Neotropical cichlids revealed considerable overlap in body size, particularly in intermediate-sized fishes, with few, species-poor lineages exhibiting extreme body size. Three potential peaks of adaptive evolution in body size were identified within Cichlinae. I found freshwater fishes globally tend to be smaller and their distributions more diverse and right-skewed than marine counterparts, irrespective of taxonomy and clade age, with a strengthening of these trends in riverine systems. Comparisons of Neotropical cichlid body size diversity and distribution to this broader context shows that body size patterns are largely abnormal compared to most freshwater fishes, particularly those of the Neotropics. -
Bayesian Node Dating Based on Probabilities of Fossil Sampling Supports Trans-Atlantic Dispersal of Cichlid Fishes
Supporting Information Bayesian Node Dating based on Probabilities of Fossil Sampling Supports Trans-Atlantic Dispersal of Cichlid Fishes Michael Matschiner,1,2y Zuzana Musilov´a,2,3 Julia M. I. Barth,1 Zuzana Starostov´a,3 Walter Salzburger,1,2 Mike Steel,4 and Remco Bouckaert5,6y Addresses: 1Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 2Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 3Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic 4Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand 5Department of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 6Computational Evolution Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand yCorresponding author: E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 1 Supplementary Text 1 1 Supplementary Text Supplementary Text S1: Sequencing protocols. Mitochondrial genomes of 26 cichlid species were amplified by long-range PCR followed by the 454 pyrosequencing on a GS Roche Junior platform. The primers for long-range PCR were designed specifically in the mitogenomic regions with low interspecific variability. The whole mitogenome of most species was amplified as three fragments using the following primer sets: for the region between position 2 500 bp and 7 300 bp (of mitogenome starting with tRNA-Phe), we used forward primers ZM2500F (5'-ACG ACC TCG ATG TTG GAT CAG GAC ATC C-3'), L2508KAW (Kawaguchi et al. 2001) or S-LA-16SF (Miya & Nishida 2000) and reverse primer ZM7350R (5'-TTA AGG CGT GGT CGT GGA AGT GAA GAA G-3'). The region between 7 300 bp and 12 300 bp was amplified using primers ZM7300F (5'-GCA CAT CCC TCC CAA CTA GGW TTT CAA GAT GC-3') and ZM12300R (5'-TTG CAC CAA GAG TTT TTG GTT CCT AAG ACC-3'). -
Phylogeny of the Neotropical Cichlid Fish Tribe Cichlasomatini (Teleostei
Accepted on 1 December 2008 Ó 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH J Zool Syst Evol Res doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00528.x 1 2 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic; 2Department of Zoology, 3 Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Cˇeske´ Budeˇjovice, Czech Republic; 3Laboratory of fish genetics, Institute of 4 2Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Libeˇchov, Czech Republic 5 6 7 Phylogeny of the Neotropical cichlid fish tribe Cichlasomatini (Teleostei: Cichlidae) 8 based on morphological and molecular data, with the description of a new genus 9 10 Z. Musilova´ 1,3,O.Rˇ ´ıcˇan2,3 and J. Nova´k2 11 12 13 Abstract 14 Phylogenetic relationships among cichlasomatine cichlids were studied using an extensive taxon sampling and both morphological and molecular 15 data sets. A new genus, Andinoacara n. gen. with six species (A. pulcher-rivulatus group of previous authors) from trans-andean South America 16 and NW cis-andean South America, is described based on results of phylogenetic and diagnosability analyses and tests of alternative topologies 17 Our results demonstrate that cichlasomatine cichlid diversity is divided into five principal lineages composed of eleven genera and three 18 suprageneric clades: the [(Bujurquina, Tahuantinsuyoa), (Andinoacara) (BAT) clade; the (Cleithracara,(Nannacara, Ivanacara)] clade (NIC) plus Laetacara and ¢Aequidens¢ hoehnei; and the (Aequidens, Cichlasoma) clade, where Aequidens is paraphyletic to Cichlasoma. Two former Aequidens 19 species are additionally transferred into Krobia (K. potaroensis, K. paloemeuensis). ¢Aequidens¢ hoehnei probably represents a unique evolutionary 20 lineage and would thus qualify for a separate generic status. -
Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Neotropical Cichlid fish Tribe Cichlasomatini (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlasomatinae)
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46 (2008) 659–672 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the Neotropical cichlid fish tribe Cichlasomatini (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlasomatinae) Zuzana Musilova´ a,b,*, Oldrˇich Rˇ ´ıcˇan b,c, Karel Janko b, Jindrˇich Nova´k c a Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Vinicˇna´ 7, 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic b Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburska´ 89, 277 21 Libeˇchov, Czech Republic c Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisˇovska´ 31, 37005 Cˇ eske´ Budeˇjovice, Czech Republic Received 31 May 2007; revised 5 October 2007; accepted 11 October 2007 Available online 22 October 2007 Abstract We have conducted the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the tribe Cichlasomatini including all valid genera as well as important species of questionable generic status. To recover the relationships among cichlasomatine genera and to test their monophyly we analyzed sequences from two mitochondrial (16S rRNA, cytochrome b) and one nuclear marker (first intron of S7 ribosomal gene) totalling 2236 bp. Our data suggest that all genera except Aequidens are monophyletic, but we found important disagreements between the traditional morphological relationships and the phylogeny based on our molecular data. Our analyses support the following conclu- sions: (a) Aequidens sensu stricto is paraphyletic, including also Cichlasoma (CA clade); (b) Krobia is not closely related to Bujurquina and includes also the Guyanan Aequidens species A. potaroensis and probably A. paloemeuensis (KA clade). (c) Bujurquina and Tah- uantinsuyoa are sister groups, closely related to an undescribed genus formed by the ‘Aequidens’ pulcher–‘Aequidens’ rivulatus groups (BTA clade). -
Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Evolution of Neotropical Cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae)
Cladistics Cladistics 24 (2008) 1–17 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00210.x Phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of Neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlinae) Wm. Leo Smitha,b,*, Prosanta Chakrabartyb and John S. Sparksb aField Museum of Natural History, Division of Fishes, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA bAmerican Museum of Natural History, Department of Ichthyology, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA Accepted 19 December 2007 Abstract Despite recent progress on the higher-level relationships of Cichlidae and its Indian, Malagasy, and Greater Antillean components, conflict and uncertainty remain within the species-rich African, South American, and Middle American assemblages. Herein, we combine morphological and nucleotide characters from the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, NADH dehydrogenase four, and cytochrome b genes and from the nuclear histone H3, recombination activating gene two, Tmo-4C4, Tmo-M27, and ribosomal S7 loci to analyse relationships within the Neotropical cichlid subfamily Cichlinae. The simultaneous analysis of 6309 characters for 90 terminals, including representatives of all major cichlid lineages and all Neotropical genera, resulted in the first well-supported and resolved generic-level phylogeny for Neotropical cichlids. The Neotropical subfamily Cichlinae was recovered as monophyletic and partitioned into seven tribes: Astronotini, Chaetobranchini, Cichlasomatini, Cichlini, Geophagini, Heroini, and Retroculini. Chaetobranchini + Geophagini (including the ‘‘crenicichlines’’) was resolved as the sister group of Heroini + Cichlasomatini (including Acaronia). The monogeneric Astronotini was recovered as the sister group of these four tribes. Finally, a clade composed of Cichlini + Retroculini was resolved as the sister group to all other cichlines. -
First Cytogenetic Report in Cichlasoma Sanctifranciscense Kullander, 1983
COMPARATIVE A peer-reviewed open-access journal CompCytogen 9(4):First 671–681 cytogenetic (2015) report in Cichlasoma sanctifranciscense Kullander, 1983... 671 doi: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v9i4.5562 RESEARCH ARTICLE Cytogenetics http://compcytogen.pensoft.net International Journal of Plant & Animal Cytogenetics, Karyosystematics, and Molecular Systematics First cytogenetic report in Cichlasoma sanctifranciscense Kullander, 1983 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) from northeastern Brazil with inferences on chromosomal evolution of Cichlasomatini Leandro A. Argôlo1, Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello Affonso1 1 Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Laboratório de Citogenética, Avenida José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, Jequiezinho, 45.206-190 Jequié, BA, Brazil Corresponding author: Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello Affonso ([email protected]) Academic editor: G. Furgala-Selezniow | Received 2 July 2015 | Accepted 19 September 2015 | Published 7 October 2015 http://zoobank.org/A921CD35-E8ED-40D3-AEE2-D59D3C6DC1CF Citation: Argôlo LA, Affonso PRAM (2015) First cytogenetic report in Cichlasoma sanctifranciscense Kullander, 1983 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) from northeastern Brazil with inferences on chromosomal evolution of Cichlasomatini. Comparative Cytogenetics 9(4): 671–681. doi: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v9i4.5562 Abstract Even though genetic aspects of some cichlids have been widely studied over the last decades, little is known about the genomic structure of Cichlidae when compared to the large number of species in the family. In this paper, the first chromosomal data for Cichlasoma sanctifranciscense Kullander, 1983 are presented and discussed based on cytotaxonomic and karyoevolutionary inferences on Cichlasomatini. All individuals shared a diploid number of 2n=48 distributed as 10sm+28st+10a and Ag-NORs on short arms of a sub- metacentric pair. -
The Etyfish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J
CICHLIFORMES: Cichlidae (part 7) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 5.0 - 18 April 2020 Order CICHLIFORMES (part 7 of 8) Family CICHLIDAE Cichlids (part 7 of 7) Subfamily Cichlinae American Cichlids (Darienheros through Wajpamheros) Darienheros R ˇ í canˇ & Novák 2016 named for the Darién area between Panamá (where it occurs) and Colombia; Heros, old neotropical cichlid name meaning “hero,” used here to mean “hero of the Darién” Darienheros calobrensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) -ensis, suffix denoting place: Río Calobre, Panama, type locality Dicrossus Steindachner 1875 di-, two; crossus, fringe or tassel; name coined by Agassiz, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to long, filiform ventral fins of D. maculatus males Dicrossus filamentosus (Ladiges 1958) filamentous or thread-like, referring to long, caudal-fin streamers on males Dicrossus foirni Römer, Hahn & Vergara 2010 in honor of FOIRN, Federação das Organizações Indígenas do Rio Negro, a non-governmental organization that has repeatedly given permission to travel on the tribal land of the village communities of different indigenous groups in the middle and upper Rio Negro and its affluent rivers, permitting the observation and collection of this species and D. warzeli; the name is also intended to highlight the fact that the basic human rights of indigenous peoples, who depend on large functional ecosystems for all necessary resources, are still in question in most parts of Amazonia when business projects (such as logging, mining,