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Theory & Politics in Organization theory & politics ephemera: in organization management business anarchism What is ephemera: theory & politics in organization? ephemera is an independent journal, founded in 2001. ephemera provides its content free of charge, and charges its readers only with free thought. theory ephemera encourages contributions that explicitly engage with theoretical and conceptual understandings of organizational issues, organizational processes and organizational life. This does not preclude empirical studies or commentaries on contemporary issues, but such contributions consider how theory and practice intersect in these cases. We especially publish articles that apply or develop theoretical insights that are not part of the established canon of organization studies. ephemera counters the current hegemonization of social theory and operates at the borders of organization studies in that it continuously seeks to question what organization studies is and what it can become. politics ephemera encourages the amplification of the political problematics of organization within academic debate, which today is being actively de-politized by the current organization of thought within and without universities and business schools. We welcome papers that engage the political in a variety of ways as required by the organizational forms being interrogated in a given instance. organization Articles published in ephemera are concerned with theoretical and political aspects of organizations, organization and organizing. We refrain from imposing a narrow definition of organization, which would unnecessarily halt debate. Eager to avoid the charge of ‘anything goes’ however, we do invite our authors to state how their contributions connect to questions of organization and organizing, both theoretical and practical. ephemera 14(4), November 2014 Management, business, anarchism Konstantin Stoborod and Thomas Swann in association with: may f l y www.mayflybooks.org Published by the ephemera editorial collective: Anna-Maria Murtola, Armin Beverungen, Bent M. Sørensen, Bernadette Loacker, Birke Otto, Christian Garmann Johnsen, Ekaterina Chertkovskaya, Emma Jeanes, Joanna Figiel, Helen Delaney, Katie Sullivan, Kenneth Weir, Kate Kenny, Katie Sullivan, Konstantin Stoborod, Lena Olaison, Martyna Śliwa, Matthew Allen, Nick Butler, Rowland Curtis, Sara Louise Muhr, Stephen Dunne. First published for free online at www.ephemeraweb.org and in print in association with MayFlyBooks (www.mayflybooks.org) in 2014. ISSN (Online) 1473-2866 ISSN (Print) 2052-1499 ISBN (Print) 978-1-906948-25-2 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Cover image by Brendan Biele (text added) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/ Table of Contents Introduction Did you hear the one about the anarchist manager? 591-609 Thomas Swann and Konstantin Stoborod Anarchism and critical management studies 611-621 Ruth Kinna Anarchism as a Theory of Organisation The question of organization 623-638 Martin Parker, George Cheney, Valerie Fournier and Chris Land Impossible organisations 639-658 Patrick Reedy Rethinking organizational hierarchy, management, and the nature of work 659-672 J. Christopher Paskewich Key Ideas in Anarchism and CMS Autonomist leadership in leaderless movements 673-698 Simon Western Anarchism and business ethics 699-724 Benjamin Franks Ethical anarchism 725-737 Carl Rhodes A critical appraisal of what could be an anarchist political economy 739-751 Angela Wigger Farewell to consumerism 753-764 Andreas Chatzidakis, Gretchen Larsen and Simon Bishop Abstract hacktivism 765-779 Simon Collister The Roots of Anarchist Organisation The stream of self-determination and autogestión 781-809 Marcelo Vieta ‘Anarchy by the book? Forget about it!’ 811-834 Elen Riot No struggle, no emancipation 835-857 Norman Jackson and Pippa Carter Peter Kropotkin’s anarchist vision of organization 859-877 Marius de Geus Anarchist Praxis The anarchist commons 879-900 Sandra Jeppesen, Anna Kruzynski, Rachel Sarrasin and Émilie Breton Exit the system? 901-921 Fabian Frenzel Organizing otherwise 923-950 Chris Land and Daniel King Anarchist economic practices in a ‘capitalist’ society 951-975 Richard J. White and Colin C. Williams Radical Imagination Terrorist/anarchist/artist: Why bother? 977-983 Pierre Guillet de Monthoux ‘I’m as much an anarchist in theory as I am in practice’ 985-1007 Brigitte Biehl-Missal and Raymond Saner Improvisation as anarchist organization 1009-1030 David M. Bell Reviews Alternative organizations in a global context 1031-1039 George Kokkinidis ‘Why did it work this time?’ David Graeber on Occupy Wall Street 1041-1047 Mathijs van de Sande Towards collective liberation 1049-1055 Jenni Ramone A bequest from the barricades 1057-1061 David Harvie There is always an alternative: Outlaws for contemporary resistance 1063-1071 Ozan Nadir Alakavuklar The right to the city as an anti-capitalist struggle 1073-1079 Sotirios Frantzanas the author(s) 2014 ISSN 1473-2866 (Online) ISSN 2052-1499 (Print) www.ephemerajournal.org volume 14(4): 591-609 Did you hear the one about the anarchist manager? Thomas Swann and Konstantin Stoborod Introduction How many anarchists does it take to start a conversation about anarchism in a business school? Perhaps the most appropriate punchline is that such a conversation shouldn’t ever take place at all, never mind the number of participants. And yet just that conversation did take place, in November 2010. In fact, the topic of anarchism almost naturally surfaces within discussions of forms of organising that escape the Procrustean bed of the day-to-day academic curriculum of business and management studies; at least it does if this special issue is anything to go by. While the inclusion of anarchism and management in the same sentence would normally connote a rejection of one and a corresponding defence of the other, the study of management and radical social and political thought are not as antithetical as one might at first imagine. The field of critical management studies (CMS), regularly dated back to the publication of Mats Alvesson and Hugh Willmott’s collection (1992), has drawn on theoretical sources including the Frankfurt School, poststructuralism and various left-wing political traditions, as well as heterodox empirical research, in reflecting on and ultimately criticizing prevailing practices and discourses of management. As Gibson Burrell noted twenty years ago, there is a ‘growing number of alternative organisational forms now appearing, whether inspired by anarchism, syndicalism, the ecological movement, the co-operative movement, libertarian communism, self-help groups or, perhaps most importantly, by feminism’ (1992: 82). Despite anarchism appearing first in his list of inspirations for alternative organisation and having a history at least as old as Marxism and feminism, there has been relatively little editorial | 591 ephemera: theory & politics in organization 14(4): 591-609 research on anarchism and its principles within management studies. The core aims of this special issue are, firstly, to identify where the links between anarchism and CMS lie and, secondly, to provide a space for those working at these intersections to contribute towards bringing this new cross-over into existence. In many ways, one could say that this issue returns to Burrell’s comments made at the outset of CMS and tries to show where and how the claim about anarchism as an alternative organisational form influencing CMS can be taken seriously. To date, anarchism hasn’t prominently featured in any of the key CMS journals. Many of the authors who have juxtaposed anarchism and CMS, or introduced an anarchist-inspired reading of management, business and organisation into the mix of what goes on in CMS, have also contributed to this special issue. So while this special issue is introductory in nature, it is not unprecedented. One might see the pre-history of anarchism and CMS as Colin Ward, the influential British anarchist writer, sees anarchism itself: always existing, like seeds beneath the snow. So if the already existing work can be seen as the anarchist seeds beneath the CMS snow, then this special issue, while certainly not the blossoming end- point of this intersection can be made sense of as a green shoot, struggling to make an entry into the world. So what was germinating beneath the snow before the special issue was put together? While there are of course a number of important works that focus more generally on radical left politics and organisation theory, focussing variously on social movements (e.g. Böhm et al. 2010; Davies et al., 2005; Feigenbaum et al. 2014; Maeckelbergh 2009; 2014), workers cooperatives and self-organisation (e.g. Atzeni and Ghigliani, 2007; Atzeni and Vieta, 2014; Cheney, 1999; Webb and Cheney 2014), non-commodified work practices (Williams, 2005; 2014), leadership (Western, 2013) and the commons (De Angelis and Harvie, 2014; Fournier, 2013), the purpose of this special issue is to hone in on specifically anarchist contributions to these debates and others. In terms of CMS, the anarchist seeds are indeed few and far between. While Chris Land’s (2007) and Martin Parker’s (2011) work on pirates and other outlaws don’t deal exclusively with anarchism, they do show the
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