DOCSLIB.ORG

Engineered Wood Products – Production, Trade, Consumption and Outlook 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Engineered Wood Products – Production, Trade, Consumption and Outlook 1 ECE/FAO Forest Products Annual Market Review, 1999-2000______________________________________________________131 Chapter 11 Engineered Wood Products – Production, Trade, Consumption and Outlook 1 Highlights · Engineered Wood Products (EWPs) manufacture and use is expanding globally. Glued laminated timbers are being employed worldwide, while structural wood I-beams and LVL are primarily a North American phenomenon. However, LVL use is rapidly gaining popularity in Asian markets. · Two key forces driving North American demand are prevalence of wood-frame construction and the changing nature of softwood fibre supply. · North American I-beam production grew 27% in 1999 while North American LVL production grew 21%. EWPs now constitute more than 5% of North American softwood dimension lumber2 (sawnwood) supply. · EWPs in North America, Japan, and the Nordic countries are consumed primarily in structural applications in residential markets. In continental Europe, both structural and nonstructural applications drive demand in both residential and commercial markets. · EWPs demand in Europe and Japan is also growing with greatest potential in Japan as the Japanese industry increasingly adopts these products in the traditional post and beam housing sector. · Trade in EWPs is small compared with that of other wood products, but as a percentage of their production, the volume of trade is significant. North America, Japan, and Europe consume most of their own production in residential construction end uses. The largest trade flow is of glulam – primarily from North America and Europe to Japan. · The outlook for EWPs is excellent with much of the impetus coming from the global need for efficient construction techniques, growing environmental concerns, and the universal requirement for affordable shelter. 1 By: Dr. Al Schuler, Research Economist, Northeast Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, 241 Mercer Springs Road, Princeton, West Virginia, United States 24740, Telephone +1 304 431 2727, Fax +1 304 431 2772, E-mail: [email protected] and Mr. Craig Adair, Director, Market Research, APA-The Engineered Wood Association, P.O. Box 11700, Tacoma, Washington, United States 98411-0700, Telephone +1 253 565 7265, Fax +1 253 565 6600, E-mail: [email protected] 2 Softwood dimension lumber is sawnwood produced to standard sizes for construction purposes. 132 _____________________________________________________ ECE/FAO Forest Products Annual Market Review, 1999-2000 Secretariat note available, there are less data on international trade flows. This special chapter highlights an exciting growth The main problem seems to be lack of tariff classifications market for forest products. EWPs are reconstituted flakes, for I-Joists and LVL trade. The authors relied on fibres and veneers which produce products with uniform extensive experience in EWPs to analyse current and strength properties to fulfil new demands for wood future trends in EWPs. products and replace some traditional uses. The secretariat expresses its gratitude to the principal 11.1 Introduction authors, Dr. Al Schuler and Mr. Craig Adair. For the purposes of this report, we will define Dr. Schuler spent ten years as Manager of Economics engineered wood products (EWPs) as primarily those and Market Research for Norbord Industries, a major products used as substitutes for conventional softwood North American producer of OSB and other solid wood dimension lumber in markets where structural products. He is now a Research Economist with the applications predominate. In current literature, these North East Forest Experiment Station of the USDA engineered wood product materials are often designated Forest Service. Mr. Adair has twenty-nine years of as “engineered lumber products”, and include laminated experience in the forest products industry with the past veneer lumber (LVL), structural wood I-Beams, glued eleven years as Director of Market Research for The laminated timber (glulam), machine stress rated (MSR) Engineered Wood Association (APA). Information for lumber, finger jointed (FJ) lumber, and proprietary this chapter came from a variety of sources with APA products such as parallel strand lumber (PSL) providing the bulk of production and trade statistics. Mr. (Parallam™) and oriented strand lumber (OSL) Ed Elias, Director, International Marketing Division, (Timberstrand™). “Lumber” is sawnwood boards. (See APA, supplied much of the international statistics. The box of definitions and abbreviations.) The majority of the APA information was supplemented by Jaakko Poyry statistics found in this report will focus on the three EWP Consulting or data provided by Mr. David Giroux, Vice that dominate worldwide production capacity - LVL, I– President, Business Strategies, and data extracted from beams, and glulams. We should also mention that many Dr. O’Carroll’s report (Pullman Particleboard researchers include oriented strand board (OSB), medium Symposium, April 2000) entitled “LVL and Engineered density fibreboard (MDF), and particle board in the Wood Products Business in Europe”. Although EWPs category, however, these and other panels products reasonably good statistics on production by country are are covered in another chapter of the Market Review. On a total volume basis, EWPs are primarily a North American phenomenon. Graphs 11.1.1 and 11.1.2 GRAPH 11.1.1 present the regional market comparisons for glulam, LVL, Regional markets for glulam and LVL, 1999 GRAPH 11.1.2 I-beam production in North America and Europe, 1.6 1.44 1999 1.4 1.12 1.2 275 3 m 300 n o i 0.82 l 1 l i m 0.73 250 n i 0.8 s e d r t n e a 200 m m 0.44 0.6 e r a D e n i 150 0.4 l n o i 0.08 l l 0.2 i 100 M 15 0 50 LVL Glulam North America Asia Pacific Europe 0 North America Europe Sources: APA, 2000; Japan Customs Bureau, 2000 and Jaakko Pöyry, 2000. Sources: APA, 2000; and Jaakko Pöyry, 2000. Chapter 11 – Engineered Wood Products – Production, Trade, Consumption and Outlook _________________________________133 and structural wood I- beams. The glulam statistics for the Furthermore, the North American population is aging, Asia Pacific region are really only for Japan. EWPs are and this appears to be encouraging builders to switch to growing quickly in consumption in the ECE region, labour saving materials and construction techniques, especially in North America and Europe, although they many of which involve EWPs. The wood products are currently a small market compared to sawnwood and industry wants to hold onto its most important market – wood-based panels (graph 11.1.3). residential construction – and it believes that modern EWPs will help fend off non wood building materials such as steel and concrete. Additionally, EWPs should provide GRAPH 11.1.3 wood building materials a better chance at penetrating non-residential construction markets which are currently Consumption of sawnwood, wood-based panels and using primarily steel and concrete. EWPs in Europe and North America, 1998 177.7 GRAPH 11.2.1 180 Wood frame construction 160 140 120 2 97.1 1.8 3 m 100 1.6 n s t o r i 80 l a l 1.4 t i s 52.3 g M 44.7 1.2 60 n i s u 1 40 o h 4.1 n 0.8 o 1.2 i 20 l l i 0.6 0 M 0.4 Europe North America 0.2 0 Sawnwood Wood-based panels EWP Europe North America Japan Wood Steel/Concrete Note: EWP includes: Glulam, LVL and I-Beams. Sources: APA, 2000; Jaakko Pöyry, 1999; and Sources: APA 2000; Japan Customs Bureau, 2000 and Jaakko TIMBER database, 2000. Pöyry, 2000. GRAPH 11.2.2 11.2 Current market situation Regional fibre cost (sawlog stumpage), 1990-1999 11.2.1 North America. 120 There are two key forces driving demand for EWPs in North America: the prevalence of wood frame 100 construction (graph 11.2.1); and the changing nature of the softwood fibre supply (graph 11.2.2). 80 North American production has grown rapidly during the 1990s and currently constitutes 5% of North 60 (Log scale) American softwood dimension/structural lumber 3 (sawnwood) consumption. The level of housing starts and $/m 40 the fact that 90% of the homes built in North America are wood frame, dominate engineered wood product use 20 in North America. European housing, by contrast, is only 0 10% wood based and 90% steel/concrete. In Japan, 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 housing is about 50% wood-based and 50% steel or steel and concrete. PacificNorthWest SouthernYellowPine Conversely, the performance properties and good Source: Resource Information Systems (Wood Products value of EWPs make wood-frame housing attractive. Review, 2000). 134 _____________________________________________________ ECE/FAO Forest Products Annual Market Review, 1999-2000 Glossary of Engineered Wood Products APA classifies glued engineered wood products into three general groups: 1) glued laminated timber (glulam), 2) structural composite lumber (SCL) consisting primarily of laminated veneer lumber (LVL), but also parallel strand lumber and oriented strand lumber, and 3) wood I-beams. Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) Glulam is an engineered stress-rated product created by adhesively bonding together individual pieces of lumber having a thickness of 50 mm (2 inches) or less. It’s one of the most versatile of the engineered wood products. It can be easily shaped into forms ranging from straight beams to complex curved members and is used for a wide variety of structural applications in both residential and non-residential construction. Glulam is used typically for headers, girders, purlins, beams, arches, and in exposed applications such as bridges, marinas and transmission structures. Structural-composite lumber Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL): LVL is the most widely used of the structural composite lumber products. It is produced by adhesively bonding thin wood veneers together in a large billet so that the grain of all veneers is parallel to the long direction. The LVL billet is then sawn to desired dimensions depending on the construction application.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Maximizing Manufacturing Margins with Value Engineering Balancing Cost Reduction, Process Improvement, and Product Value
    Maximizing Manufacturing Margins with Value Engineering Balancing Cost Reduction, Process Improvement, and Product Value Manufacturers large and small all hope to achieve the same thing: manufacture more products, with higher margins. Of course, in order to build a lasting business, you need to keep customers satisfied, meaning the quality of products must remain high when you make moves to reduce costs. The best way to reduce costs and improve processes without diminishing the quality of your product is through a process called Value Engineering. Value Engineering is a process used by companies across the globe to ensure product functionality is maximized while costs are minimized. By incorporating Value Engineering into your product development process, you’ll reduce costs, increase margins, and establish a smarter way to determine which new products justify the investment to bring them to market. FortéOne has been helping middle market companies conduct a value analysis and implement Value Engineering in their organizations for 20 years. By leveraging the experience of our people, who have installed Value Engineering in companies across many industries, we have developed a four-step process for incorporating Value Engineering into middle market organizations that avoids the most common challenges companies face during its implementation. Explained below are the lessons we have learned. What is Value Engineering? Value Engineering starts with product value. Product value is the ratio of product function to product cost (including the purchase of raw materials and packaging, logistics and shipping costs, overhead and manpower, and line efficiency). Product function is the work a product is designed to perform.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Engineering 1
    Mining Engineering 1 Learn more about the bachelor’s degree in mining engineering (https:// MINING ENGINEERING uaf.edu/academics/programs/bachelors/mining-engineering.php), including an overview of the program, career opportunities and more. B.S. Degree College of Engineering and Mines As the nation’s northernmost accredited mining engineering program, Department of Mining and Geological Engineering (https://cem.uaf.edu/ our mission is to advance and disseminate knowledge for exploration, mingeo/) evaluation, development and efficient production of mineral and energy 907-474-7388 resources with assurance of the health and safety of persons involved and protection of the environment, through creative teaching, research Programs and public service with an emphasis on Alaska, the North and its diverse peoples. Degree • B.S., Mining Engineering (http://catalog.uaf.edu/bachelors/ The mining engineering program emphasizes engineering as it applies bachelors-degree-programs/mining-engineering/bs/) to the exploration and development of mineral resources and the economics of the business of mining. The program offers specializations in exploration, mining or mineral beneficiation. Minor • Minor, Mining Engineering (http://catalog.uaf.edu/bachelors/ Students are prepared for job opportunities with mining and construction bachelors-degree-programs/mining-engineering/minor/) companies, consulting and research firms, equipment manufacturers, investment and commodity firms in the private sector, as well as with state and federal agencies. The mining engineering program educational objectives are to graduate competent engineers who: • apply their engineering skills and knowledge with consideration to health, safety and the environment, • pursue careers in mineral-related industries, • are active among the local and professional mining communities, and • seek professional advancement of mining engineering technology and practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Merit Badge Workbook This Workbook Can Help You but You Still Need to Read the Merit Badge Pamphlet
    Engineering Merit Badge Workbook This workbook can help you but you still need to read the merit badge pamphlet. This Workbook can help you organize your thoughts as you prepare to meet with your merit badge counselor. You still must satisfy your counselor that you can demonstrate each skill and have learned the information. You should use the work space provided for each requirement to keep track of which requirements have been completed, and to make notes for discussing the item with your counselor, not for providing full and complete answers. If a requirement says that you must take an action using words such as "discuss", "show", "tell", "explain", "demonstrate", "identify", etc, that is what you must do. Merit Badge Counselors may not require the use of this or any similar workbooks. No one may add or subtract from the official requirements found in Scouts BSA Requirements (Pub. 33216 – SKU 653801). The requirements were last issued or revised in 2009 • This workbook was updated in June 2020. Scout’s Name: __________________________________________ Unit: __________________________________________ Counselor’s Name: ____________________ Phone No.: _______________________ Email: _________________________ http://www.USScouts.Org • http://www.MeritBadge.Org Please submit errors, omissions, comments or suggestions about this workbook to: [email protected] Comments or suggestions for changes to the requirements for the merit badge should be sent to: [email protected] ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Select a manufactured item in your home (such as a toy or an appliance) and, under adult supervision and with the approval of your counselor, investigate how and why it works as it does.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement of Qualifications
    ENERY ENINEERIN EPER ENERAION RANMIION IRIION STATEMENT OF QUALIFICATIONS Electric Power Engineers, Inc. www.epeconsulting.com ABO S Electric Power Engineers, Inc. (EPE) Js a full-service power engineering firm. EPE provides a wide range of services to TRULY generation owners & developers, municipalities, electric cooperatives, retail providers, and various government entities, both in the United States and internationally. Our success is defined by our clients who are retained by our POWERFUL ability to deliver continuous excellence. At Electric Power Engineers, Inc., we take pride in the meticulousness of our processes, yet our approach is quite simple, we treat each SOLUTIONS project as our own. E. 1968 0VS GJSTU DMJFOU XBT UIF $JUZ PG $PMMFHF 4UBUJPO XIFSF XF EFTJHOFE BOE DPOTUSVDUFE TFWFSBM TVCTUBUJPOT *U XBTOhU MPOH CFGPSF XF XFSF QSPWJEJOH TPMVUJPOT UP OFJHICPSJOH NVOJDJQBMJUJFT BOE FMFDUSJD DPPQFSBUJWFT BDSPTT 5FYBT 0VS BCJMJUZ UP QFOFUSBUF OFX NBSLFUT JT B TPMJEGPVOEBUJPOUIBUEFGJOFEPVSTVDDFTTGPSUIFNBOZEFDBEFTUPDPNF ENERY ENINEERIN EPER ENERAION RANMIION IRIION COMPANY PROFILE Electric Power Engineers, Inc. Electric Power Engineers, Inc (EPE) is a leading power system engineering consulting firm headquartered in Austin, TX. We are a true pioneer in electricity planning with extensive experience integrating solar plants, wind farms, and other generation resources onto the electric grid. Our company provides clients with unparalleled expertise in electric power system studies, planning, design, and integration in the US and international markets. Since the company’s founding in 1968, we have developed a track record of development and successful integration of more than 26,000 Megawatts of solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources. Our involvement includes the entire spectrum of engineering technical assistance through the whole project cycle, from pre-development through construction & implementation.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Technology and Business Process Redesign
    -^ O n THE NEW INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN Thomas H. Davenport James E. Short CISR WP No. 213 Sloan WP No. 3190-90 Center for Information Systems Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139-4307 THE NEW INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN Thomas H. Davenport James E. Short June 1990 CISR WP No. 213 Sloan WP No. 3190-90 ®1990 T.H. Davenport, J.E. Short Published in Sloan Management Review, Summer 1990, Vol. 31, No. 4. Center for Information Systems Research ^^** ^=^^RfF§ - DP^/i/gy Sloan School of Management ^Ti /IPf?i *''*'rr r .. Milw.i.l. L T*' Massachusetts Institute of Technology j LIBRARJP.'Bh.^RfES M 7 2000 RECBVED The New Industrial Engineering: Information Technology and Business Process Redesign Thomas H. Davenport James E. Shon Emsi and Young MIT Sloan School of Management Abstract At the turn of the century, Frederick Taylor revolutionized the design and improvement of work with his ideas on work organization, task decomposition and job measurement. Taylor's basic aim was to increase organizational productivity by applying to human labor the same engineering principles that had proven so successful in solving technical problems in the workplace. The same approaches that had transformed mechanical activity could also be used to structure jobs performed by people. Taylor, rising from worker to chief engineer at Midvale Iron Works, came to symbolize the ideas and practical realizations in industry that we now call industrial engineering (EE), or the scientific school of management^ In fact, though work design remains a contemporary IE concern, no subsequent concept or tool has rivaled the power of Taylor's mechanizing vision.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Challenges in the Electronics Industry
    Volumen 41 • No. 19 • Año 2020 • Art. 19 Recibido: 12/02/20 • Aprobado: 14/05/2020 • Publicado: 28/05/2020 Modern challenges in the electronics industry Desafíos modernos en la industria electrónica GAVLOVSKAYA, Galina V. 1 KHAKIMOV, Azat N.2 Abstract The paper analyzes the challenges and current trends in the global electronic industry, carries out a literature review and highlights the gaps in the study of the features of the development of world radio electronics. The article gives a brief historical review of the electronic industry development, provides a characteristic of the modern world electronics market and considers the most important challenges and current trends in the development of the electronic industry. key words: Electronic industry, radio electronics, digital economy, microelectronics. Resumen El documento analiza los desafíos y las tendencias actuales en la industria electrónica mundial. Lleva a cabo una revisión de la literatura y destaca las lagunas en el estudio de las características del desarrollo de la radio electrónica mundial. El artículo ofrece una breve reseña histórica del desarrollo de la industria electrónica, proporciona una característica del mercado electrónico mundial moderno y considera los desafíos más importantes y las tendencias actuales en el desarrollo de la industria electrónica. Palabras clave: industria electrónica, electrónica de radio, economía digital, microelectrónica. 1. Introduction 1.1. Relevance of the research Electronic industry as a machine-building sector today is one of the state’s competitiveness factors in the global market, an instrument for ensuring the economic development of the state in the conditions of an unstable environment and an engine of economic growth for other sectors of industry.
    [Show full text]
  • ENGR 100 Introduction to Engineering 3 Units (2 Lecture + 1 Lab) Prerequisite: Trigonometry
    ENGR 100 Introduction to Engineering 3 Units (2 lecture + 1 lab) Prerequisite: Trigonometry Course Description: This course explores the branches of engineering, the functions of an engineer, and the industries in which engineers work. The course explains the engineering education pathways and explores effective strategies for students to reach their full academic potential. The course presents an introduction to the methods and tools of engineering problem solving and design including experimentation, data analysis, computer and communication skills, and the interface of the engineer with society and engineering ethics. A spreadsheet program (Microsoft Excel) and a high-level computer language (MATLAB/FREEMAT) are an integral part of the course. Learning Outcomes: By the end of this course, students should be able to 1. Describe the role of engineers in society and classify the different engineering branches, the functions of an engineer, and industries in which they work. 2. Identify and describe academic pathways to bachelor’s degrees. 3. Develop and apply effective strategies to succeed academically. 4. Explain engineering ethical principles and standards. 5. Demonstrate knowledge of effective practices for writing technical engineering documents and making oral presentations. 6. Analyze engineering problems using the engineering design process. 7. Demonstrate teamwork skills in working on an engineering design team. Resource Links: Course Syllabus: lecture content and course schedule, textbook info, course requirements, etc. Course Documents: Lab handouts, problem sets, content review slides, etc. Lab Overviews: list of lab descriptions and learning objectives Lecture Videos: videos used for Fall 2016 .
    [Show full text]
  • Workloads and Standard Time Norms in Garment Engineering
    Volume 2, Issue 2, Spring 2002 REVISED: July 15, 2002 Workloads and Standard Time Norms in Garment Engineering Zvonko Dragcevic*, Daniela Zavec**, Dubravko Rogale*, Jelka Geršak** *Department of Clothing Technology, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia **Textile and Garment Manufacture Institute, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Slovenia E-mail: zvonko.dragcevic @zagreb.tekstil.hr ; [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Possibilities of new methods for measuring loading and standard time norms are presented, as applied in the field of garment engineering. Measurements described are performed on modern measuring equipment designed to measure and perform computer analysis of temporal values of processing parameters in sewing operation and simultaneously record in two planes using a video system. The measuring system described was used to investigate sewing operation for the front seam on a ladies’ fashion suit, 52 cm long. For the operation investigated, method of work employing the MTM (Methods Time Measurement) system with analysis of basic movements was selected. The MTM system used shows that normal time for the operation in question is around 429.3 TMU (15.5 s). Investigations of workload imposed on the worker according to the OADM method were done simultaneously, and total ergonomic loading coefficient of Ker=0.082 was established, thus determining the time necessary to organise the process of work as 464.5 TMU (16.7 s). Simultaneous measurements of time and dynamic changes of processing parameters, as well as logical sets of movements, are important for defining favourable operation structures, time norms, ergonomically designed systems of work and workplaces in garment engineering, as early as in the phase of designing operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Industrial Engineering
    INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL ENGINEEING Industrial Engineering Definition Industrial Engineers plan, design, implement and manage integrated production and service delivery systems that assure performance, reliability, maintainability, schedule adherence and cost control Development of I. E. from Turner, Mize and Case, “Introduction to Industrial and Systems Engineering” I. E. History from Turner, Mize and Case, “Introduction to Industrial and Systems Engineering” U.S. Engineering Jobs from 2003 BLS % of Eng. Jobs % Growth (2012) • Electrical 19.8% 3-9% • Civil and Environmental 18.6% 3 -9% • Mechanical 14.5% 3-9% • Industrial 13.1% 10-20% •All Others <5.0% IE Prospects • Industrial engineers are expected to have employment growth of 14 percent over the projections decade, faster than the average for all occupations. As firms look for new ways to reduce costs and raise productivity, they increasingly will turn to industrial engineers to develop more efficient processes and reduce costs, delays, and waste. This focus should lead to job growth for these engineers, even in some manufacturing industries with declining employment overall. Because their work is similar to that done in management occupations, many industrial engineers leave the occupation to become managers. Numerous openings will be created by the need to replace industrial engineers who transfer to other occupations or leave the labor force. US Engineering Employment 2008 Civil engineers 278,400 Mechanical engineers 238,700 Industrial engineers 214,800 Electrical engineers 157,800
    [Show full text]
  • Preparing Industrial Engineering Reports
    PREPARING INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING REPORTS EARLE HARTLING, LOS ANGELES COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICT JOHN ROBINSON, JOHN ROBINSON CONSULTING, INC WateReuse LA Chapter December 2, 2014 Presentation Overview 1. Conversion Requirements 2. Regulatory Coordination 3. Industrial Engineering Report Requirements (SWRCB DDW Guideline attached) 4. Examples of Local Industrial Customers 5. Questions Conversion Requirements Review Site Construct RW Pipeline Design with Industrial retrofit with constructed Customer, Agreement Engineering DPH & DDW Connect site to customer local DPH Report onsite site and SWRCB regularly DDW 9 Months to 5 year process Regulatory Coordination 1. Title 22 Reports Customer Based 2. Industrial Engineering Report 3. Coordination with local DPH and SWRCB DDW 4. Coordination with Customer Industrial Engineering Report Outline 1. Introduction a) Recycled Water Source b) Proposed Project 2. Industrial Recycled Water Customer 3. Existing Potable Water Uses 4. Facility Industrial Operations Industrial Engineering Report Outline (Cont.) 5. RW/Industrial Piping System a) Industrial Piping b) Recycled Water Implementation Schedule 6. Construction and Testing the RW Distribution System 7. Emergency Response Plan Procedures 8. Conditions of Recycled Water Use IER Examples Industrial Customers - Refineries • Chevron Refinery – El Segundo Cooling Towers, Low and High Pressure boilers • Exxon/Mobil Refinery – Torrance Cooling Towers • British Petroleum – Wilmington Cooling Towers, Low and High Pressure boilers Tuftex (also known as Shaw Carpet) • 2014 WateReuse CA Conference Winner • 240 AFY Recycled Water Customer • Two Decades of Recycled Water use (7,055 AF or 2.3 Billion gallons) • 80-Percent of Recycled Water in Industrial Process Robertson’s Ready Mix – Santa Fe Springs • 23 AFY or 7.5 million gallons since 1993 • Two Decades of Recycled Water use • 100-Percent of Recycled Water in Industrial Process Malburg Generation Station GenOn Etiwanda Generation Facility Recommendations - Top Six 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Electric Power Grid Modernization Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
    Electric Power Grid Modernization Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities Michael I. Henderson, Damir Novosel, and Mariesa L. Crow November 2017. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 United States License. Background The traditional electric power grid connected large central generating stations through a high- voltage (HV) transmission system to a distribution system that directly fed customer demand. Generating stations consisted primarily of steam stations that used fossil fuels and hydro turbines that turned high inertia turbines to produce electricity. The transmission system grew from local and regional grids into a large interconnected network that was managed by coordinated operating and planning procedures. Peak demand and energy consumption grew at predictable rates, and technology evolved in a relatively well-defined operational and regulatory environment. Ove the last hundred years, there have been considerable technological advances for the bulk power grid. The power grid has been continually updated with new technologies including increased efficient and environmentally friendly generating sources higher voltage equipment power electronics in the form of HV direct current (HVdc) and flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) advancements in computerized monitoring, protection, control, and grid management techniques for planning, real-time operations, and maintenance methods of demand response and energy-efficient load management. The rate of change in the electric power industry continues to accelerate annually. Drivers for Change Public policies, economics, and technological innovations are driving the rapid rate of change in the electric power system. The power system advances toward the goal of supplying reliable electricity from increasingly clean and inexpensive resources. The electrical power system has transitioned to the new two-way power flow system with a fast rate and continues to move forward (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Innovation (EGN 4643 and EGN 6642) Class Day & Time: Thursday 1:55PM – 4:45PM Location: New Engineering Building, Room 102 Course Syllabus and Rules
    Engineering Innovation (EGN 4643 and EGN 6642) Class Day & Time: Thursday 1:55PM – 4:45PM Location: New Engineering Building, Room 102 Course Syllabus and Rules Catalog Description: Engineering Innovation introduces students to the concepts of innovative thinking and innovation practices. Undergraduate (EGN 4643) and graduate (EGN 6642) students meet as a combined course that uses lectures, case studies, team exercises, the Spotlight on Innovation, and guest speakers to teach valuable life skills in innovative thought and action. Students study the vital role engineers play in problem-solving and in the innovation process, and take action by applying lessons learned in engineering careers that range from starting entrepreneurial ventures to executing R&D engineering-related projects to leading multinational companies. Course Overview: Innovation has transformed the world for millennia. Engineers have played an instrumental role in innovation and the innovation process. Engineers face both an unprecedented opportunity as well as a daunting challenge in continuing this role well into the 21st century. In its report, The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century, the National Academy of Engineering described how engineering students require instruction to become global leaders in engineering professions, non-engineering related industries, scientific research, academia, and society. Competition to assume this global leadership involving all-things related to innovation is intense, with technology accelerating the pace of transformation by highly educated and deeply skilled engineers. Winners in today’s hyper-competitive global environment will achieve professional success by developing their technical aptitudes, deepening their leadership attitudes, and sharpening their communication skills and interpersonal abilities. These winners will be engineers who are innovators and become expert practitioners in the process of innovation.
    [Show full text]