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Study of the Antihydrogen Atom and Ion Formation in the Collisions Antiproton-Positronium Pauline Comini

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Study of the Antihydrogen Atom and Ion Formation in the Collisions Antiproton-Positronium Pauline Comini Study of the antihydrogen atom and ion formation in the collisions antiproton-positronium Pauline Comini To cite this version: Pauline Comini. Study of the antihydrogen atom and ion formation in the collisions antiproton- positronium. Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. English. NNT : 2014PA066639. tel-01150446 HAL Id: tel-01150446 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01150446 Submitted on 11 May 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Universit´ePierre et Marie Curie Ecole´ Doctorale 517: Particules, Noyaux et Cosmos Service de Physique des Particules du CEA–Saclay Etude´ de la formation d’antihydrog`ene neutre et ionis´e dans les collisions antiproton–positronium Study of the antihydrogen atom and ion formation in the collisions antiproton–positronium Par Pauline Comini Th`ese de doctorat de Physique Dirig´ee par Yves Sacquin et co-encadr´ee par Paul-Antoine Hervieux et Fran¸cois Nez pr´esent´ee et soutenue publiquement le 23 Octobre 2014 devant un jury compos´ede M.BertrandLaforge,LPNHE,Paris ........................................Pr´esidentdujury M.LamriAdoui,CIMAP,Caen ...................................................Rapporteur M.PierreVanhove,CEA-IPhT,Saclay ............................................Rapporteur M.JaumeCarbonell,IPN,Orsay ................................................Examinateur M.YasunoriYamazaki,RIKEN,Wako ..........................................Examinateur M.YvesSacquin,CEA-IRFU,Saclay ......................................Directeurdeth`ese M.Paul-AntoineHervieux,IPCMS,Strasbourg .........................................Invit´e M.Fran¸coisNez,LKB,Paris ...........................................................Invit´e i Remerciements Voici quelques ultimes mots en fran¸cais pour remercier chaleureusement les personnes qui, con- tinuellement ou ponctuellement, m'ont apport´econseils, soutien, aide et ´energietout au long de cette th`ese, voire m^eme lors de ses pr´emissespendant le stage de deuxi`emeann´eede Master. Mes premiers remerciements vont bien ´evidemment `amon directeur de th`eseYves Sacquin, qui s'est retrouv´e,comme moi, embarqu´esur un sujet ´eloign´ede ses premi`eresqualifications. Merci pour sa bienveillante supervision, ses truculentes anecdotes scientifiques, ses r´eguli`eres sollicitations et sa traque f´eroce des \permit" r´ecalcitrants lors des relectures. Un immense merci ceux que je qualifierais de co-directeurs, tant leur r^olefut pr´epond´erant dans l'encadrement de cette th`ese: Paul-Antoine Hervieux et Fran¸coisNez. Au premier, pour m'avoir r´econcili´eeavec les calculs th´eoriques,tout en me faisant part de son admiration pour Louis de Broglie autour d'une tarte flamb´ee,ou encore pour son soutien t´el´ephoniquequi fut tr`es appr´eci´e; Paul-Antoine fut toujours disponible, m^emelorsque son emploi du temps lui criait le contraire. Au second pour avoir guid´emes premiers pas parmi les las´eristesavec patience et `arenfort d'´energiechocolat´ee(suisse, bien s^ur),ainsi que pour son d´evouement dans le sprint final ; en quelques phrases concises, bien que parfois sibyllines, il m'a transmis de bien utiles conseils pratiques. Yves, Paul-Antoine, Fran¸cois... A` chacun sa mani`erede communiquer son enthousiasme, `a chacun son humour : dans tous les cas, ce fut v´eritablement agr´eableet enrichissant de travailler avec eux ! Je continuerai en m'adressant d'abord `ames coll`eguesdu CEA. En particulier, merci `aPatrice P´erezet Pascal Debu, qui m'ont pr´esent´ele projet pour la premi`erefois et ont accept´ema candidature spontan´ee`aun sujet de th`esequi n'´etait,alors, pas encore formul´e.Je salue Laszlo Liszkay, Bertrand Vallage, Jean-Michel Rey et Jean-Marc Reymond, qui forment le reste d'une ´equipe alliant comp´etenceset bonne humeur. Merci `atous pour leurs avis d'experts, conseils pratiques et sympathiques encouragements. Merci { thank you { obrigada aux ´etudiants sur le projet GBAR `aSaclay : Nicolas Ruiz, Pierre Dupr´e,Daniel Brook-Roberge, Tim Mortensen, Amelia Leite et, plus particuli`erement, Pierre Grandemange avec lequel j'ai partag´edeux ann´eesde th`eseet quelques heures cumul´ees de pauses caf´ein´ees,lors desquelles nous commis´erionssur les mal´edictionsde mes jobs plant´es et de son pi`ege`apositons. Ce fut un plaisir de les rencontrer et de travailler avec eux. A` tous, je souhaite bonne continuation ! / It was a real pleasure to meet them and work with them. I wish them all the best! Je tiens `asaluer les coll`eguesdu SIS au CEA-Saclay { et plus particuli`erement Paul Lotrus { pour leur patience et leur compr´ehensionface aux indications, parfois vagues et versatiles, que je leur fournissais pour la r´ealisationde l'automate g´erant les s´ecurit´esde la cabane du laser. Bravo pour le r´esultat! Je voudrais ´egalement associer `aces remerciements Anne-Isabelle Etienvre,´ actuellement chef du Service de physique des particules de l'Irfu, pour m'avoir orient´eevers Patrice, ainsi qu'Achille Stocchi, du LAL `aOrsay, pour avoir soutenu ma candidature `aune bourse minist´erielleaupr`es de l'´ecoledoctorale. Enfin, j'adresse un clin d’œil `aLaurent Chevallier, mon parrain au SPP, qui a men´ecette mission avec une facilit´ed´econcertante, et `aPascal L´ev^eque, du SACM, qui serait triste si je l'oubliais (et merci, bien s^ur,pour l'am´enagement de la cabane laser). ii La moiti´ede ma th`eses'est d´eroul´eeau laboratoire Kastler-Brossel de Jussieu. Aussi, je souhaite faire part de toute ma gratitude `al'ensemble de l'´equipe 13 du LKB, permanents (Fran¸coisBiraben, Pierre Clad´e,Sa¨ıdaGuellati, Lucile Julien et, bis repetita placent, Fran¸cois Nez) et doctorants (Sandrine Galtier, Cl´ement Courvoisier, Manuel Andia, Rapha¨elJannin, ainsi qu'H´el`eneFleurbaey). Je ne peux que louer l'´equipe pour son accueil familial et ses r´ejouissantes poses-th´e,accompagn´eesde succulents g^ateaux{ cat´egorie \lourds-l´egers"{ faits maison. J'en profite ´egalement pour remercier plus sp´ecifiquement Fran¸coisBiraben, pour son aide pr´ecieuse sur la simulation et pour ses explications et conseils qui ont ponctu´esmon s´ejourparmi l'´equipe, et dont, finalement, je regrette de n'avoir pas plus profit´e! De m^eme,un grand merci `aLucile pour m'avoir fourni livres et cours n´ecessaires`ama mise en selle dans le monde des lasers. Et enfin merci `aSa¨ıdapour son chaleureux soutien dans la derni`ereligne droite. J'adresse ´egalement tous mes remerciements `aLaurent Hilico pour ses limpides explications, en particulier concernant la d´etectionsynchrone. Merci aussi pour nous avoir laiss´esubtiliser, + `apeine d´eball´e,le beau lambdam`etreachet´epar le groupe \H2 " (dont je salue aussi Albane Douillet et Jean-Philippe Karr) ! Je suis tr`esreconnaissante envers le personnel de l'atelier de m´ecaniquedu LKB { Jean-Michel Isac, Pascal Travers, Ga¨elCoupin, Arnaud Leclercq et Saysavanh Souramasing { pour leur travail rapide et efficace, m^emelorsqu'ils sont surcharg´es.Je leur dois notamment la r´ealisationde tous les ´el´ements m´ecaniquesde l'oscillateur, et je sais qu'une certaine petite pi`eceen laiton perc´ee d'une ouverture oblique leur a donn´ebien du fil `aretordre... Merci `aFlorence Thibout, pour nous avoir souffl´eune d´elicatecellule de c´esium,et pour m'avoir permis d'assiter au rituel de la queue de cochon. Et enfin merci `aBrigitte Lamour et Jean-Pierre Okpisz, pour le support technique en ´electroniqueet les conversations autour d'un fer `asouder ; merci de m'avoir confi´edu mat´eriel en ao^utpour monter mes photodiodes. Au d´ebutde l'aventure, il y eut l'Institut de physique et de chimie des mat´eriauxde Strasbourg, o`uj'ai pass´edeux mois avant d'y retourner r´eguli`erement pendant la th`ese. Je voudrais donc saluer, en plus de Paul-Antoine, Giovanni Manfredi, Omar Morandi, et lancer un vielmols merci `aYannick Hinschberger, pour un stage tout en bon son hard-rock bien gras. Bon courage Mateo Valdes Dupuy, qui commence sa th`ese`al'IPHC de Strasbourg sur le calcul des sections efficaces `atr`esbasse ´energie. Je remercie ´egalement Christine Tug`eneet Fabien M¨uller pour leurs rapides interventions d`es lors qu'un probl`emesurvenait sur une des machines de calcul de Strasbourg. Un large merci aux diff´erents secr´etariatsde chacun des laboratoires que j'ai travers´es.Je suis notamment extr^ement reconnaissante envers Estelle Brunette, Emilie´ Chancrin, Martine Oger, B´eatriceGuyot, Monique Granon, Laeticia Morel-Mar´echal, Delphine Charbonneau pour leur aide efficace et sympathique. I would like to acknowledge the GBAR collaborators for their interest (either enthusiastic, simply polite or even sometimes doubtful) during collaboration meetings, and for the ensuing fruitful discussions. Je remercie enfin chaleureusement Messieurs Bertrand Laforge, Jaume Carbonell, Yasunori Yamazaki (doumo arigatou gozaimashita), Lamri Adoui et Pierre Vanhove, pour avoir accept´e iii de faire partie de mon jury ainsi que pour l'int´er^etqu'ils ont manifest´e`ace travail et les cor- rections qu'ils m'ont propos´ees; je remercie plus particuli`erement les deux derniers membres pr´ec´edemment cit´espour avoir endoss´ela difficile t^ache de rapporteur sur un sujet polymorphe. Aux antipodes de la physique, je souhaiterais saluer mes amis de la revue Disharmonies, contre- point litt´eraireet culturel salutaire qui m'a permis de m'exercer `ala communication scientifique. Durant ma th`ese, j'ai pu retrouv´eavec joie les membres de la R´edac'qui, lors de cette derni`ere ann´ee,n'ont cess´ede m'adresser leurs encouragements. Cette ligne est probablement celle qui sera le plus avidement lue.
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