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Whittle Dene Phase II Final Report

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Whittle Dene Phase II Final Report Whittle Dene Catchment Project Phase I Study Report 2002 - 2005 Final Report Whittle Dene Catchment Project Phase I Study Report 2002 – 2005 Final Report Report prepared by ADAS UK for Defra under contracts PSO 0430 and PL 0553 J Hillman, M. Shepherd, C. Proctor, S. Cartmell, S Hadden, C. Murray & J. Fowbert ADAS UK, Meden Vale Mansfield Nottingham NG20 9PF UK and J Jonczyk School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Cassie Building University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)1623 844331 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..............................................................................................i LIST OF DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................x 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 Water quality and the WFD .........................................................................................1 1.2 Whittle Dene project description .................................................................................3 1.3 The importance of land management for water quality ...............................................1 2. METHODS......................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Project management ...................................................................................................7 2.2 Establishing catchment studies – practical considerations .........................................7 2.3 Whittle Dene Western Catchment Characterisation....................................................8 2.4 Water quantity .............................................................................................................9 2.5 Water monitoring strategy ...........................................................................................9 2.6 Water quality .............................................................................................................11 2.6.1 Nitrate and phosphorus analysis ..................................................................................... 11 2.6.2 Sediment analysis............................................................................................................ 12 2.6.3 Pesticide analyses ........................................................................................................... 12 2.6.4 Faecal indicators and pathogens..................................................................................... 12 2.7 Pesticides selection for the monitoring project..........................................................13 2.8 Application of models for catchment characterisation...............................................13 2.8.1 Pesticides......................................................................................................................... 14 2.8.2 Nitrate modelling.............................................................................................................. 14 2.8.3 Sediment.......................................................................................................................... 14 2.9 Soil assessment ........................................................................................................14 2.10 Historical Water Quality Data.................................................................................15 2.11 Farm & field survey ................................................................................................16 2.12 Aquatic survey .......................................................................................................16 2.12.1 Identification and enumeration of samples ...................................................................... 18 2.13 Vegetation assessment..........................................................................................18 2.14 Mobilisation and delivery of N and P......................................................................18 3. RESULTS ........................................................................................................ 20 3.1 Physical description ..................................................................................................20 3.2 Concentrations of nitrate in recent years...................................................................23 3.3 Concentrations of pesticides in recent years.............................................................25 3.4 Rainfall and flow 2003 - 2004....................................................................................26 3.5 Water Quality in the Whittle Dene Western catchment 2002 – 2004 ........................28 3.5.1 Pesticides......................................................................................................................... 29 3.5.2 Microbial indicators and pathogens ................................................................................. 31 3.5.4 Phosphorus and sediment............................................................................................... 34 3.6 Soil Mineral Nitrogen and Phosphorus in fields in the WDWC..................................37 3.7 Soils and drainage ....................................................................................................40 3.8 Surface and subsurface flow.....................................................................................43 3.9 Vegetation survey .....................................................................................................46 3.10 Aquatic survey .......................................................................................................46 4. DISCUSSION .................................................................................................. 50 4.1 Objectives .................................................................................................................50 4.2 Pesticides..................................................................................................................50 4.3 Microbial Indicators ...................................................................................................56 4.4 Nitrate........................................................................................................................60 4.5 Phosphorus and sediment ........................................................................................63 4.6 Soils and drainage ....................................................................................................66 5. CATCHMENT PLAN........................................................................................ 72 5.1 Catchment planning for agriculture and water quality ...............................................72 5.2 CAP reform ...............................................................................................................73 5.3 ELS and HLS ............................................................................................................74 5.4 Farming in the North East .........................................................................................75 5.5 Characteristics of holdings in the WDWC .................................................................77 5.6 Multiple options presented as a catchment plan 2005 - 2007...................................78 5.6.1 WDWC and cross compliance......................................................................................... 78 5.6.2 WDWC, ELS and HLS ..................................................................................................... 79 5.6.3 WDWC and voluntary additional options ......................................................................... 81 5.7 Research plan ...........................................................................................................83 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 85 APPENDIX 1. ........................................................................................................... 91 APPENDIX 2 ............................................................................................................ 95 APPENDIX 3 ............................................................................................................ 97 Table of Tables Table 2.1 Description of the main sampling points in the Whittle Dene catchment..11 Table 2.2 Selected pesticide characteristics............................................................ 13 Table 3.1 Monthly rainfall 2003-04 and long term average rainfall 1941-70 ............ 27 Table 3.2 Loads of phosphorus, nitrate and IPU at gauging stations in the............. 36 WDWC 2003 - 2004................................................................................. 36 Table 3.3 SMN Index (0-90 cm) of fields in the WDWC 2002-2004......................... 39 Table 3.4 Olsens P index (0-15 cm) of fields in the WDWC February 2003 ............ 40 Table 3.5 Drainage pipe type and permeable fill type numbers and percentages installed in Northumberland and Parishes around Whittle Dene.............. 44 Table 3.6 Habitat types at sampling locations along Whittle Burn ........................... 47 Table 3.7 Proportion of organisms collected with similar BMWP scores for each site ..........................................................................................................................
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