DOCSLIB.ORG

ZIMBABWE COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ZIMBABWE COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service ZIMBABWE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 19 August 2011 ZIMBABWE 19 AUGUST 2011 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN ZIMBABWE FROM 13 JULY 2011 TO 19 AUGUST 2011 Useful news sources for further information REPORTS ON ZIMBABWE PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 13 JULY 2011 AND 19 AUGUST 2011 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Public holidays ..................................................................................................... 1.06 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.07 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 Remittances .......................................................................................................... 2.05 Military involvement in the economy ................................................................. 2.07 Sanctions .............................................................................................................. 2.08 3. HISTORY (19TH CENTURY TO 2010) ............................................................................. 3.01 Matabeleland massacres 1983 - 87 ..................................................................... 3.03 ZANU-PF win 1990s elections ............................................................................. 3.06 Land reform and War Veterans: 1990-97 ............................................................ 3.07 Economic crisis, referendum and national elections: 1998 – 2000 .................. 3.08 Land invasions, elections and Operation Murambastvina: 2000 to 2005 ........ 3.13 Build-up to 2008 national elections .................................................................... 3.20 Parliamentary elections: March 2008 .................................................................. 3.23 Presidential elections: March – June 2008 ......................................................... 3.27 Global Political Agreement and formation of the Government of National Unity (GNU): September 2008 – February 2009 .............................. 3.29 MDC disengages from the GNU .......................................................................... 3.32 Mr Tsvangirai calls off MDC boycott of GNU ..................................................... 3.34 GNU reaches an impasse – early 2010 ............................................................... 3.36 Revision of the constitution and the Constitutional Outreach Programme (April 2009 to September 2010) ................................................................................. 3.37 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS (22 FEBRUARY 2011 – 12 JULY 2011) ................................. 4.01 Southern African Development Community applies pressure on ZANU-PF ... 4.01 Government of National Unity ............................................................................. 4.05 Possible timing of national elections .................................................................. 4.07 Military backing for ZANU-PF ............................................................................. 4.10 Mugabe’s health ................................................................................................... 4.11 ZANU-PF: the battle for a successor to Mr Mugabe ........................................... 4.15 Roy Bennet loses his Senate seat ...................................................................... 4.16 5. CONSTITUTION .......................................................................................................... 5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM ................................................................................................... 6.01 Executive branch ................................................................................................. 6.03 Legislative branch ................................................................................................ 6.04 Political parties ..................................................................................................... 6.05 ii The main text of this COI Report contains the most up to date publicly available information as at 12 July 2011. Further brief information on recent events and reports has been provided in the Latest News section to 18 August 2011. 19 AUGUST 2011 ZIMBABWE Human Rights 7. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 7.01 8. SECURITY FORCES .................................................................................................... 8.01 Police ..................................................................................................................... 8.06 Armed forces ........................................................................................................ 8.15 Central Intelligence Organisation ....................................................................... 8.18 Other government forces and pro-ZANU-PF groups ......................................... 8.26 National Youth Service (aka ZANU-PF youth militia) ......................................... 8.26 War veterans ...................................................................................................... 8.34 Human rights violations by security forces and pro-ZANU-PF groups ........... 8.36 Impunity .............................................................................................................. 3.37 Arbitrary arrest and detention ............................................................................. 8.42 Torture, ill-treatment, harassment and use of excessive force ........................... 8.47 Extra-judicial killings ........................................................................................... 8.61 Disappearance and abductions .......................................................................... 8.64 9. MILITARY SERVICE .................................................................................................... 9.01 10. JUDICIARY ................................................................................................................ 10.01 Organisation ......................................................................................................... 10.02 Independence and fair trial .................................................................................. 10.04 Penal code ............................................................................................................ 10.12 11. ARREST AND DETENTION – LEGAL RIGHTS .................................................................. 11.01 12. PRISON CONDITIONS ................................................................................................. 12.01 Women and children ............................................................................................ 12.07 13. DEATH PENALTY ....................................................................................................... 13.01 14. POLITICAL AFFILIATION.............................................................................................. 14.01 Freedom of political expression.......................................................................... 14.04 Constitutional Outreach Programme .................................................................. 14.10 Freedom of association and assembly ............................................................... 14.14 Opposition groups and political activists .......................................................... 14.25 Teachers ............................................................................................................ 14.27 Politically motivated human rights violations ................................................... 14.35 Numbers of incidents: 2008 – 2011 .................................................................... 14.36 Perpetrators of political motivated human rights violations ................................. 14.45 Human rights violations committed by MDC supporters ..................................... 14.49 ZANU-PF preparation for elections .................................................................... 14.53 Distribution of politically motivated human rights violations in 2010-11 ........ 14.60 Demography ....................................................................................................... 14.61 National overview of human rights violations in 2010-11 .................................... 14.62 Human rights violations by province (1 January to 12 July 2011) ...................... 14.74 Bulawayo ....................................................................................................... 14.76 Harare ............................................................................................................ 14.81 Manicaland ..................................................................................................... 14.93 Mashonaland Central ..................................................................................... 14.102 Mashonaland East ......................................................................................... 14.111 Matabeleland North ........................................................................................ 14.118 Matabeleland South ......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Canada Sanctions Zimbabwe
    Canadian Sanctions and Canadian charities operating in Zimbabwe: Be Very Careful! By Mark Blumberg (January 7, 2009) Canadian charities operating in Zimbabwe need to be extremely careful. It is not the place for a new and inexperienced charity to begin foreign operations. In fact, only Canadian charities with substantial experience in difficult international operations should even consider operating in Zimbabwe. It is one of the most difficult countries to carry out charitable operations by virtue of the very difficult political, security, human rights and economic situation and the resultant Canadian and international sanctions. This article will set out some information on the Zimbabwe Sanctions including the full text of the Act and Regulations governing the sanctions. It is not a bad idea when dealing with difficult legal issues to consult knowledgeable legal advisors. Summary On September 4, 2008, the Special Economic Measures (Zimbabwe) Regulations (SOR/2008-248) (the “Regulations”) came into force pursuant to subsections 4(1) to (3) of the Special Economic Measures Act. The Canadian sanctions against Zimbabwe are targeted sanctions dealing with weapons, technical support for weapons, assets of designated persons, and Zimbabwean aircraft landing in Canada. There is no humanitarian exception to these targeted sanctions. There are tremendous practical difficulties working in Zimbabwe and if a Canadian charity decides to continue operating in Zimbabwe it is important that the Canadian charity and its intermediaries (eg. Agents, contractor, partners) avoid providing any benefits, “directly or indirectly”, to a “designated person”. Canadian charities need to undertake rigorous due diligence and risk management to ensure that a “designated person” does not financially benefit from the program.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Shoulders of Struggle, Memoirs of a Political Insider by Dr
    On the Shoulders of Struggle: Memoirs of a Political Insider On the Shoulders of Struggle: Memoirs of a Political Insider Dr. Obert M. Mpofu Dip,BComm,MPS,PhD Contents Preface vi Foreword viii Commendations xii Abbreviations xiv Introduction: Obert Mpofu and Self-Writing in Zimbabwe xvii 1. The Mind and Pilgrimage of Struggle 1 2. Childhood and Initiation into Struggle 15 3. Involvement in the Armed Struggle 21 4. A Scholar Combatant 47 5. The Logic of Being ZANU PF 55 6. Professional Career, Business Empire and Marriage 71 7. Gukurahundi: 38 Years On 83 8. Gukurahundi and Selective Amnesia 97 9. The Genealogy of the Zimbabwean Crisis 109 10. The Land Question and the Struggle for Economic Liberation 123 11. The Post-Independence Democracy Enigma 141 12. Joshua Nkomo and the Liberation Footpath 161 13. Serving under Mugabe 177 14. Power Struggles and the Military in Zimbabwe 205 15. Operation Restore Legacy the Exit of Mugabe from Power 223 List of Appendices 249 Preface Ordinarily, people live to either make history or to immortalise it. Dr Obert Moses Mpofu has achieved both dimensions. With wanton disregard for the boundaries of a “single story”, Mpofu’s submission represents a construction of the struggle for Zimbabwe with the immediacy and novelty of a participant. Added to this, Dr Mpofu’s academic approach, and the Leaders for Africa Network Readers’ (LAN) interest, the synergy was inevitable. Mpofu’s contribution, which philosophically situates Zimbabwe’s contemporary politics and socio-economic landscape, embodies LAN Readers’ dedication to knowledge generation and, by extension, scientific growth.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Research Application Summary Evaluating the Level of Adoption Of
    Research Application Summary Evaluating the level of adoption of improved agrosilvopastoral technologies, factors affecting adoption and establishing the species and systems adopted among small holder farmers of Buhera and Mutasa Districts of Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe Chihota B.P., Mupanda K., Mrema M., Tagwira F. & Ajayi O.C. Background Two thirds of the rural populations in most countries of Sub-Saharan Africa subsist on less than US$1 a day. The farmers’ economies have weak linkages to the markets and they have little or no access to external inputs. The increasing cost of inputs and high transport costs make external inputs unaffordable for the smallholder farmer (Spencer, 2002). Inorganic fertilizer use has declined to 8kg/ha (NEPAD, 2006). Smallholder farmers cannot afford stock feeds for supplementing limited and poor quality pasture during the dry and cold season. Land degradation and siltation are an environmental concern that also reduces yields (Rattsø, 1996). Crop and livestock yields are low and declining. Countries like Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique and Botswana are affected and as a result, food insecure (Bohringer, 2002). Some agroforestry technologies have been shown to improve the soil and animal fodder availability (Dzowela, 1994; Govere, 2003). Agroforestry can improve crop and livestock production by providing relatively less costly, more affordable and locally available inputs for fodder and soil amendments to the smallholder farmer. Government departments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) like World Agroforestry Centre (WAC) are scaling up agroforestry through training and distributing germplasm to the smallholder farmers in the region. Not much has been done on assessment of adoption and factors that affect adoption of agroforestry in different geographical areas and agricultural sectors in Zimbabwe.
    [Show full text]
  • "Our Hands Are Tied" Erosion of the Rule of Law in Zimbabwe – Nov
    “Our Hands Are Tied” Erosion of the Rule of Law in Zimbabwe Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-404-4 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org November 2008 1-56432-404-4 “Our Hands Are Tied” Erosion of the Rule of Law in Zimbabwe I. Summary ............................................................................................................... 1 II. Recommendations ............................................................................................... 5 To the Future Government of Zimbabwe .............................................................. 5 To the Chief Justice ............................................................................................ 6 To the Office of the Attorney General .................................................................. 6 To the Commissioner General of the Zimbabwe Republic Police .......................... 6 To the Southern African Development Community and the African Union ...........
    [Show full text]
  • The Policy and Legislative Framework for Zimbabwe's Fast Track Land Reform Programme and Its Implications on Women's Rights
    The Policy and Legislative Framework for Zimbabwe’s Fast Track Land Reform Programme and its Implications on Women’s Rights to Agricultural Land BY MAKANATSA MAKONESE Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Law Southern and East African Regional Centre for Women’s Law (SEARCWL) University of Zimbabwe Supervisors Professor Julie Stewart and Professor Anne Hellum 2017 i Dedication To my two mothers, Betty Takaidza Nhengu (Gogo Dovi) and Felistas Dzidzai Nhengu (Gogo Banana) - Because of you, I believe in love. To my late brothers Thompson, Thomas Hokoyo and Munyenyiwa Nhengu; I know you would have been so proud of this accomplishment. To my late father, VaMusarinya, In everything I do, I always remember that “ndiri mwana wa Ticha Nhengu” ii Acknowledgments For any work of this magnitude, there are always so many people who contribute in many but unique ways in making the assignment possible. If I were to mention all the people that played a part in small and big ways in making this dream a reality, it would be such a long list. To all of you, I say, thank you. I am grateful to my supervisors, Professor Julie Stewart and Professor Anne Hellum for your guidance, patience, commitment, for the occasional “wake-up” slap and for meticulously combing through the many chapters and versions of this thesis which I produced along the way. Thank you for believing in me and for assuring me that with hard work, I could do it. I would also like to thank Professor William Derman of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences for his advice on my thesis and for providing me with volumes of useful reading material on the Zimbabwean land question.
    [Show full text]
  • Inter-Agency Flooding Rapid Assessment Report 18-19 March
    Inter-Agency Flooding Rapid Assessment Report 18-19 March - 2019 Supported by the Department of Civil Protection, UN-Agencies and NGOs Page | 1 Table of Contents Page | 2 1.0 General Assessment Information Main Objective of the assessment The main purpose of the Inter-Agency rapid assessment was to ascertain the scale and scope of the flooding situation focusing on key areas/sectors namely shelter and non-food items, Health and nutrition, Food security, WASH, Environment, Education, Protection and Early Recovery, its impact on individuals, communities, institutions and refugees. Specific Objectives of the Assessment • To determine the number of the affected people and establish their demographic characteristics • To determine the immediate, intermediate and long term needs of the affected communities Methodology • Field visits in accessible affected areas in Chimanimani and Chipinge; • Key informant interviews with the Provincial and District Administrators (Face to face and tele- interviews); • Secondary analysis of sectoral reports; • Key informant interviews with affected people. 1.1 Background of the flooding Zimbabwe experienced torrential rainfall caused by Cyclone Idai from the 15th of March 2019 to the 17th of March 2019.Tropical Cyclone Idai which was downgraded to a tropical depression on the 16th of March 2019 caused high winds and heavy precipitation in Chimanimani, Chipinge, Buhera, Nyanga, Makoni, Mutare Rural, Mutasa and parts of Mutare Urban Chimanimani and Chipinge districts among other districts, causing riverine and flash flooding and subsequent deaths, destruction of livelihoods and properties. To date, Chimanimani district is the most affected. An estimated 50,000 households/250,000 people were affected by flooding and landslides in Chimanimani and Chipinge, when local rivers and their tributaries burst their banks and caused the inundation of homes and schools causing considerable damage to property and livelihoods and in some cases deaths.
    [Show full text]
  • Notice SI 128A of 1997 the Zimbabwe Export Processing Zones
    Export Processing Zones (Declaration of Export Processing Zones) Notice SI 128A of 1997 The Zimbabwe Export Processing Zones Authority hereby, in terms of section 20 of the Export Processing Zones Act [Chapter 14:07], and after consultation with the Minister responsible for Industry and Commerce and the Minister responsible for Finance makes the following notice:- 1. This notice may be cited as the Export Processing Zones (Declaration of Export Processing Zones). 2. The areas and premises of the companies specified in the first column of the Schedule are declared by the Authority to be export processing zones to the extent defined in the second column.. Schedule 2 (Section 2) EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES S.I. No Notice, Date, Name of Companies, areas or premises, and Definition of premises 128A/97,1,06.06.97,Ollabery Investments (Pvt) Ltd, Lot 5, Arlington Estate, Harare, measuring 110 hectares; 128A/97,1, 06.06.97, IDC Ventersburg Estate, The remaining estate of Ventersburg Estate, Harare, measuring 304,67 acres; 128A/97,1, 06.06.97, Manyame Development Corporation, An area measuring 220 hectares west of Harare International Airport ; 128A/97,1, 06.06.97, Unsburn Enterprises (Pvt) Ltd Stand Nos. 5748-5806, Mutare Township, Raheen Industrial Park; 128A/97,1,06.06.97, Shagelok Chemicals (Pvt) Ltd Stand NO. 2540, Owl Mine Road, Kadoma, measuring 1,6 hectares; 128A/97,1, 06.06.97, Fresca Holdings (Pv t) Ltd, Lot 5A, Cotbank, Shamwari Road, Stapleford, measuring 9300 square metres; 128A/97,1, 06.06.97, Wayfield Investments (Pvt) Ltd, Stand Nos. 229 and 230, Galloway Road, Industrial Sites, Norton, measuring 3,910 8 hectares 128A/97,1, 06.06.97, JPS World of Lighting Willowvale Industrial Centre, Units 10, 11 and 12, corner Gleneagles and Bagenham Road, Harare, measuring 1 400 square metres 128A/97,1, 06.06.97, Kanyururahove Trading (Pvt) Ltd, Golden Vale Farm in Chinhoyi, measuring 1 010 square metres 128A/97,1, 06.06.97, Zip Plastic Bags (Pvt) Ltd, Stand No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mortal Remains: Succession and the Zanu Pf Body Politic
    THE MORTAL REMAINS: SUCCESSION AND THE ZANU PF BODY POLITIC Report produced for the Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum by the Research and Advocacy Unit [RAU] 14th July, 2014 1 CONTENTS Page No. Foreword 3 Succession and the Constitution 5 The New Constitution 5 The genealogy of the provisions 6 The presently effective law 7 Problems with the provisions 8 The ZANU PF Party Constitution 10 The Structure of ZANU PF 10 Elected Bodies 10 Administrative and Coordinating Bodies 13 Consultative For a 16 ZANU PF Succession Process in Practice 23 The Fault Lines 23 The Military Factor 24 Early Manoeuvring 25 The Tsholotsho Saga 26 The Dissolution of the DCCs 29 The Power of the Politburo 29 The Powers of the President 30 The Congress of 2009 32 The Provincial Executive Committee Elections of 2013 34 Conclusions 45 Annexures Annexure A: Provincial Co-ordinating Committee 47 Annexure B : History of the ZANU PF Presidium 51 2 Foreword* The somewhat provocative title of this report conceals an extremely serious issue with Zimbabwean politics. The theme of succession, both of the State Presidency and the leadership of ZANU PF, increasingly bedevils all matters relating to the political stability of Zimbabwe and any form of transition to democracy. The constitutional issues related to the death (or infirmity) of the President have been dealt with in several reports by the Research and Advocacy Unit (RAU). If ZANU PF is to select the nominee to replace Robert Mugabe, as the state constitution presently requires, several problems need to be considered. The ZANU PF nominee ought to be selected in terms of the ZANU PF constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe: Time for a New Approach
    Zimbabwe: time for a new approach September 2011 Report of the International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) Supported by the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) This report has been compiled in accordance with the Lund – London Guidelines 2009 (www.factfindingguidelines.org) Material contained in this report may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided credit is given to the International Bar Association International Bar Association 4th Floor, 10 St Bride Street London EC4A 4AD, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)20 7842 0090 Fax: +44 (0)20 7842 0091 Website: www.ibanet.org Contents Glossary of Acronyms 5 Executive Summary 7 Introduction 9 The mission 10 Section One: The Global Political Agreement 11 Historical background, context and results 11 Material contained in this report may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided credit is given to the International Bar Association Political participation and preparations for the next elections 15 The constitutional review process 19 Section Two: Rule Of Law 24 Independence and needs of the judiciary 24 The Attorney-General 27 Prosecutions for crimes committed in relation to the 2008 elections 29 Continuing selective application of the rule of law 30 National reconciliation 33 Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission 37 Section Three: The Extractive Industries 39 Human rights concerns 40 International Bar Association 4th Floor, 10 St Bride Street Relocation of local inhabitants from Marange to Arda Transau 41 London EC4A 4AD, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)20 7842 0090 Fax: +44
    [Show full text]
  • China ‘Threatens Zimbabwe President for Looking West’
    Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 11/20/2019 1:14:11 PM hePrm Resign or face action — China ‘threatens Zimbabwe President for looking West’ Beijing has reportedly asked Zimbabwe President Emmerson Mnangagwa to hand over power to China-leaning Vice-President Constantino Chiwenga. SRIJAN SHUKLA 14 November, 2019 7:12 pm 1ST New Delhi: The Chinese government has told Zimbabwe President Emmerson Mnangagwa to either “resign or retire” from office or face “political action” from Beijing, according to a report in Spotlight Zimbabwe, an online media publication. The report said Beijing has also asked Mnangagwa to hand over power to China-leaning Vice-President General Constantino Chiwenga (Retd), who has been in China since July for medical treatment. Reports suggest that China was responsible for promoting Mnangagwa as Vice-President in 2015 during the presidency of the late Robert Mugabe, who was deposed in 2017 after nearly four decades in power. Now, Beijing is said to be displeased with Mnangagwa for slowly walking away from Zimbabwe’s “Look East Policy” and refusing to grant several development projects to Chinese firms. DISSEMINATED BY MERCURY PUBLIC AFFAIRS, LLC, A REGISTERED FOREIGN AGENT, ON BEHALF OF THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF ZIMBABWE. MORE INFORMATION IS ON FILE WITH THE DEPT. OF JUSTICE, WASHINGTON, DC Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 11/20/2019 1:14:11 PM Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit 11/20/2019 1:14:11 PM For a long time, smaller nations have been anxious about China’s “debt-trap diplomacy”, especially through its ambitious Belt and Road Initiative, but such overt interference by the Asian giant in another country’s domestic politics is unheard of.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Writing 'Democratic' Narratives in Zimbabwe
    Different narration, same history: The politics of writing ‘democratic’ narratives in Zimbabwe Walter Kudzai Barure & Irikidzayi Manase Different narration, same history: The politics of writing ‘democratic’ narratives in Zimbabwe Over the past five decades, Zimbabwe’s political trajectories were characterised by a historiographic revision and deconstruction that revealed varying ideological perceptions and positions of political actors. This article reconsiders the current shifts in the Zimbabwean historiography and focuses on the politics of positioning the self in the national narrative. The article analyses three Zimbabwean political autobiographies written by political actors from the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), particularly Michael Auret’s From Liberator to Dictator: An Insider’s Account of Robert Mugabe’s Descent into Tyranny (2009), Morgan Tsvangirai’s At the Deep End (2011), and David Coltart’s The Struggle Continues: 50 Years of Tyranny in Zimbabwe (2016). It also discusses how writing in Zimbabwe is a contested terrain that is bifurcated between oppositional and dominant imaginaries of politics, the revolutionary tradition, and past performances of power. Keywords: history, narratives, oppositional and dominant imaginaries, political autobiographies, Zimbabwe. Introduction This article considers how oppositional narratives answer back to patriotic narratives’ denigration of opposition and civic discourses, and their exclusion of the citizenship of minorities such as white Zimbabweans. Zimbabwe- an letters have witnessed the rise of a body of writings, produced by the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) and other political and human rights actors, termed ‘democratic’ narratives, which contest patri- otic narratives that were constructed using a singular version of history (see Ranger who defines patriotic history as a monolithic version of history that supports the performance of power by ZANU-PF political actors).
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe: the Endgame?
    Notes de l’Ifri Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe: the Endgame? Vittoria MORETTI January 2017 Sub-Saharan Africa Program The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental, non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European and broader international debate. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. ISBN: 978-2-36567-663-2 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2017 Cover: © Barry Tuck/Shutterstock.com How to quote this document: Vittoria Moretti, “Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe: the Endgame?”, Notes de l’Ifri, Ifri, January 2017. Ifri 27 rue de la Procession 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Email: [email protected] Ifri-Brussels Rue Marie-Thérèse, 21 1000 – Brussels – BELGIUM Tel.: +32 (0)2 238 51 10 – Fax: +32 (0)2 238 51 15 Email: [email protected] Website: Ifri.org Author Vittoria Moretti holds a BA in Politics and International Relations and a MSc in Global Politics from London School of Economics.
    [Show full text]