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Copyright © 2017 Christopher Michael Byrley All Rights Reserved. the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Has Permission to R Copyright © 2017 Christopher Michael Byrley All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. ESCHATOLOGY, COSMIC CONFLICT, AND SUFFERING IN 1 PETER __________________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Christopher Michael Byrley December 2017 APPROVAL SHEET ESCHATOLOGY, COSMIC CONFLICT, AND SUFFERING IN 1 PETER Christopher Michael Byrley Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Brian J. Vickers (Chair) __________________________________________ Jarvis J. Williams __________________________________________ Robert L. Plummer Date______________________________ To Whitney, Caroline, Hollis, and Piper, four evidences of God’s love and grace toward me. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... viii PREFACE ......................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 Thesis .................................................................................................................. 3 Background – History of Research ..................................................................... 4 Studies on Eschatology in 1 Peter .............................................................. 4 Other Relevant Studies in 1 Peter ............................................................... 9 Studies on Cosmic Conflict Traditions .................................................... 15 Evaluation ......................................................................................................... 23 Summary of Contents ....................................................................................... 27 2. THE PARAENETIC STRATEGY OF 1 PETER ................................................ 29 First Peter as Paraenesis .................................................................................... 29 The Paradigm of Conflict and 1 Peter .............................................................. 32 Social Features of Paraenesis ................................................................... 33 Social Context: Liminality ........................................................................ 38 Social Function: Conflict .......................................................................... 39 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 41 Cosmic Conflict and the Paraenetic Strategy of 1 Peter ................................... 42 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 43 3. COSMIC CONFLICT IN THE OLD TESTAMENT ........................................... 45 iv Chapter Page Central Elements of Cosmic Conflict in the Old Testament ............................ 46 The Supremacy of Yahweh ...................................................................... 46 Yahweh as the Divine Warrior ................................................................. 50 Summary .................................................................................................. 54 Yahweh in Cosmic Conflict with Other Gods .................................................. 55 Cosmic Conflict and the Exodus. ............................................................. 55 The Ark of the Covenant and Dagon. ....................................................... 59 Cosmic Conflict in the Era of the Kings. ................................................. 62 Cosmic Conflict in the Psalms and Prophetic Literature. ........................ 65 Summary .................................................................................................. 70 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 70 4. COSMIC CONFLICT IN SECOND TEMPLE JEWISH LITERATURE ........... 72 Satan and Cosmic Conflict in Second Temple Judaism ................................... 73 1 Enoch ..................................................................................................... 73 Jubilees ..................................................................................................... 76 Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs ........................................................ 78 Qumran ..................................................................................................... 81 Martyrdom and Ascension of Isaiah ........................................................ 85 Sibylline Oracles ...................................................................................... 86 Suffering in Other Second Temple Texts ................................................. 87 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 94 5. COSMIC CONFLICT IN THE NEW TESTAMENT .......................................... 96 The Nature and Role of Satan in the NT .......................................................... 97 Cosmic Conflict in the Gospels and Acts ....................................................... 105 The Wilderness Temptation ................................................................... 106 v Chapter Page Exorcism and the Beelzebul Controversy .............................................. 114 Light and Darkness in the Fourth Gospel ............................................... 122 The Demonization of Jesus’ Opponents ................................................. 125 The “Gates of Hell” and the Church ...................................................... 128 Cosmic Conflict in Paul .................................................................................. 129 Cosmic Conflict in Revelation ........................................................................ 133 Revelation 12 .......................................................................................... 133 The “Synagogue of Satan” ..................................................................... 136 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 138 6. SUFFERING AND PERSECUTION IN 1 PETER ........................................... 140 The Scope of Suffering in 1 Peter ................................................................... 140 Roman Persecution in Early Christianity ............................................... 141 Modern Views on Persecution ............................................................... 143 “Median” View of Persecution ............................................................... 144 The Portrayal of Rome in 1 Peter ........................................................... 145 The Nature of Suffering in 1 Peter ................................................................. 148 Sociological Aspects of Suffering .......................................................... 149 Economic Aspects of Suffering .............................................................. 150 Legal Aspects of Suffering ..................................................................... 151 The Cosmic Significance of Suffering in 1 Peter ........................................... 157 “Imperialization” of Suffering and the Emperor Cult ............................ 159 The Agency of Satan in Persecution ...................................................... 162 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 165 7. THE ESCHATOLOGICAL PARAENESIS OF 1 PETER ............................... 167 First Peter 1:1–2:10 ......................................................................................... 168 The Church and Israel ............................................................................ 169 vi Chapter Page Exodus and Exile Imagery ..................................................................... 174 Summary ................................................................................................ 181 First Peter 2:11–3:22 ....................................................................................... 182 Civilians and Rulers ............................................................................... 183 Slaves and Masters ................................................................................. 187 Wives and Husbands .............................................................................. 189 Christ as the Exemplar of Righteous Suffering ...................................... 192 Summary ................................................................................................ 196 First Peter 4:1–19 ............................................................................................ 196 Living in Holiness .................................................................................. 197 The Necessity of Suffering ..................................................................... 199 The Reality of Eschatological Judgment ................................................ 202 Conclusion .............................................................................................
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