Field Notes: Juno 25, 1945 Shibutani

1. While I was showing my identification, to have a che6'k cashed in one of the booths on 65rd Street, I overheard one clerk who was reading my card, *Is he one of them Japs?" The other turned around and indicated that she didn't know and gave me my money.

2. Tomi and I walked into Pixley and Ellers cafeteria and as we walked in the man at the front very politely handed us our

tickets on which the amount of mono we spend is stamped. Since it was rather late at night there was not much food left so we decided

to leave without buying anything. As wo walked out, leaving the unstamped ticket with him, he said in a loud voice, "What in the hell did those dirty Japs come in her for, if they didn't ant to buy anything?"

3. Out of desperation, because we were getting very hungry, we walked into Gimbol's restaurant without realizing how expensive

the place was. As we walked in the head waitress came to ard us with her nose pointed in the usual direction and said, as usual,

Table for two?' It was at that time that she noticed that we were

orientals and she seemed ^o be stunned for a moment. It seemed that

she did not know what to do and for a half minute stood there look­

ing very helpless. She looked over to the cashier, but the cashier was busy. After this momentary hesitation, she turned around and led un to a table in the corner. Field Notes July 6, 1943 John Harano

Johnny came into town today in his soldier's uniform. Torn! took the afternoon off and rushed down to the station to meet him but the train was over five hours late. When I got home from work he was there waiting for me. He seemed quite proud of his Army uniform and seemed happy about being a soldier. Nisei in the Army were being given a pretty good deal and was glad to have the furlough to any part of the country upon induction. He said that the Army would allow him, after a few days after induction, to pick any point in the ^nited States to visit and paid his way for the initial furlough. He chose New York and

.ay to visit friends׳״ made several stops on the He said that on the train he had sat with a minister and his wife and another soldier. They got into a big argument with them over the Nisei problem. According to John, the minister believed everything that the Dies committee investigations had shown and thought all American Japs were bad. They were taken aback when he announced that he wasan American Jap. Jhen he said aloud, "Jell, is there anything wrogg with that?", they shut up and the other soldiers came to his support. John felt that it was digusting to bear the minister talk about Negroes because it was so unchristian. VJe took John to the Kimbprk Theatre since there wasn't much to do and he wanted to see a triple feature. The manager was at the ticket window and when I asked for three tickets he gave me two and the change. I asked for three again, and he simply smiled and said the soldier went free. Apparently it was a special concession because he had to valk with us into the lobby to tell the ticket taker to let

John in. Other soldiers seemed to be paying, even if it was a reduced price. Field Notes July 7, 1943 Deki 3hibuta.nl

"I found an apartment a little ways away from here and I took it because the lady there was so nice. It wasn't such a nice place

but I don't mind because I will be working most of the time, and Dr.

Seto come3 home only on weekends anyway. I'll be eating out most

of the time and only when he's here I'll need the stove. The lady said that she had a Japanese doctor living there for years and said

that he was such a nice man.

"I didn't go the a good hotel because I didn't want to be refused.

After going through all that we have I didn't think I could stand

being told to get out because I was a Jap. Rien I first got here I asked some people I met where all the Japs went and they told me the

hen Dr. Seto went down to ^oliet^׳ .name of that hotel on Van Buren

I went to live at the Y* hotel. You ought to sec all the Buddha-heads out there. I first went to live with my sister, but it was like im­

posing so I left for the hotaL.

have a olace for him when he's home.

"I'm married but in name only. I'm having some trouble with

in-laws already though. Darmit. Dr. Seto's younger sister is out

here and having a tough time. She wants me to go live with her or

something and I have to worry about that too. I guess I'll have to look after her." Field Notes July 7, 1&43 Shibutani Chinatown

Deki, Toxii, and John and 1 went down to Chinatown for the first time to see what it was like. Deki remembered a place that she and her husband had gone to and said that other Nisei had received decent treatment there. We thepgfor wwnt to the New China and had a fairly decent and expensive meal there. It wasn't like the Chinese dinners on the Pacific Coast.

Apparently enough Nisei had gone theee before us because the waiter seemed to understand exactly what we wanted, ^e even suggested some dishes that were not on the Printed menu, but which were common on the coast, ^e asked if we wanted the chow mein Canton style (soft fricwd noodles as contrasted to crisp fried or soft unfried). The general orders, according to the waiter, that the Nisei made were:

.ai lan yuk. oak kai, ham y u , and duck;׳; ,chow L.cin, fu ycunn har

.

e׳ .&After taking Deki back to the ho&el, we went to a movi

Air Force." The latter picture was full״ saw the "Loon is tiocm" and of references to the *Japanese a^erican sabotage at Pearl Narbor.

It was strong propaganda against the local Japs. I could feel myself during the show feeling outraged and rooting for the African fighters and for the destruction of the Japanese fleet, end felt angry when the Jap flyersmachine gunned an American parachuting out. I think the sabotage part hit hard because of the death of the sweethaart of of one of the men in the crew. If I felt myself getting so sore at the ^aps I could well imagine what seme of the others must have felt. Field Notes: Free Association July 30, 1943 Shibutani Deki and Dr. Seto

Deki and Dr. Seto dropped in to pay their respects. I gave them some scotch and soda and got him a little happy. He told us

of same of his experiences at the hospital in Joliet where he is

Some patients object to Jap״ .working as a resident physician

doctors. I guess they have a lot of reasons for that. I just apolo­ gize, but some of the other fellows donAt. I know one doctor that just tells them to go to hell."

­The Nisei are a bunch of poop-outs. The Hawaiians are dif״ ferent, though. They're a tough bunch and fight back if anybody asks for any trouble. I know that if anybody insults them they

won't take any lip irom them. Nisei just back down and probably wouldn't fight even if somebody kicked them in the ass."

Deki and Dr. 3eto seemed to be getting along quite well. He

comes to Chicago when he gets weekends off, and stays with her over­ night. He takes everything in stride.

2nd Floor Incident

About 10!<30, when I came home I found a note for me saying that

there had been a long distance call for me. I called the long-distance

operator and she told me that it was for someone else. I asked the lady and she told me to go upstairs to find the girl who was wanted

since she was too weak to climb the stairs. I knocked on a door

on the 2nd floor and a woman opened it. V

facial expression which seemed to show intense fear and was unable to say anything. Lrs. Livingston finally called up and straightened everything up. Field Notes August 4, 1943 Shibutani . Yasukochi

George and Bessie came over for dinner today, and it seems

that we got off on the wrong foot to begin with. Vhen I called last night, Bessie answered the phone and I asked for George without speaking to her since I didn't know who it was. George answered and when I asked him to came over he asked Bessie if it

were O.K. He apparently said Shibutani in a mufilcd manner be­

cause Bessie thought it was someone else whom she considered a good friend. She grabbed the phone and started asking me some

questions that bewildered me because I didn't know what she was talking about. George told her and she seemed disappointed. Any­

way, since she had already agreed to come to dinner she could not

back down. Actually, when she accepted she thought it was someone

else who was phoning--a former lover according to Tomi. They arrived about a half hour late and Tomi was fuming because

everything was becoming overcooked. Bessie was extremely bored

and made it obvious by falling asleep and not taking part in any

of the conversation. George seemed very eager to talk and kept

asking sc many questions that I couldn't interview him by free

association. When Bessie finally did come to life momentarily, she said, "A nice hakujin lady is looking for a trained social worker,

but I really don't know what to do about it. Zou,know, if ! re­ commend someone, part of the responsibility rests with me. De^i is a social worker but I wouldn't recommend anyone like her even

if she is trained. I don't think the lady will like her type. This burned Tomi up. Tomi has no great love for Dekl either but

she thought it was dirty for Bessie not to recommend someone with she had been going to church for the past five or ten years. After all, Deki is trained and looking for work. August 4, 1945 Page 2

Bessie kept telling George over and over that she wanted to

go home, but George just ignored her and kept an talking. He said

he missed the old times when we used to sit around and bull to

all hours of the night. Finally Bessie made out that she had

fallen asleep and almost fell out of her chair. She got up and

demanded that George carry her home. They left about 11:30, and

Tomi was so mad that she couldn't sleep for awhile. She kept calling Bessie a "bitch" and said that although she knew that

Bessie didn't like George's friends, she might at least be polite. She said she couldn't stand Bessie either.

George kept talkinga bout the evacuation and the J.A.C.L.,

for whom he does not have much respect. He was not definite in

his views as he used to be. He kept asking questions like, " as the J.A.C.L. stand about no test cases justified?" He said he was going to speak to a Negro group tomorrow night. He also talked about the refrigerator that he had had sent from Bessie's home in California. Bessie kept giggling now and then (I think to attract attention) and once in a while almost had tantrums. George was obviously embarassed.

ihe food wasn't so good and Bessie spent her time swatting gnats and rubbing them on George. George then told us of Mary

Kobayashi's staying with them for a-meiatk two and a half months. Bess felt that sbe didn't mind helping a girl having a tough time, but when a girl imposed on them and didn't even look for a room, that was a little too much. They said that they had no specific plans for the future. Bessie kept saying that ?he wanted to go back to Berkeley because she had somthing to go back to. George said that they would sell their fumhiture and then return to California. Field Notes August 4, 1943 Shibutani

Some time ago we received a card signed by "Tok and Nob" saying

that they had arrived in town and that they were anxious to see us. VJe didn't know who in the hell it was. One day I decided to go down to see who it was. I went to the address given on the post card, dince I couldn't write them because I didn't know the last names.

I went to the address and found that the first floor of the house was empty and being remodelled. I looked up on the second floor and found some curtains hanging the*e. The neighbors told me that I should go around the back, so I did. There was a middle aged Negro sleeping there so I walked in and woke him up. He was very courteous and told me that Tok and Nob, whoeber they were, lived on the second floor but that they went to work about 4 in the afternoon so that they had gone. I asked him if I could leave a note for them and he assured methat he nould deliver it to them when he saw them again.

^he place was filthy. Food, fresh and rotted, was strewn over the floor. The place had obviously not been cleaned for months if not longer. The colored man said the name was sace thing like "Hijikaki", but said that he didn't know for sure. ileld notes

august 6, 1943 Chibut*ni

l..ent to the Y .M.C.A. Hotel on abash today to Bee Victor T anaka anu Riley

Osuga. ^y general Impressions of the place were as follows*

The desks at the postal desk and the information booth were kind and sym­

pathetic. It was about three in the afternoon and there weren't Bo many Nisei

around. I gathered that they were all working. I noticed that there were some

girls who did not live at the hotel (according to i e clerk) who came to the

hotel to make phone calls. They seemed to live in the phone booth, looking out

to see who was in the lobby.

Filey and Victor insisted that there were some Kisei girls around looking

I or meal tickets. They claimed that prostitutes were also operating in the area.

In the pool hall, there were quite a few Nisei. The charge waB ,y.15 /er

hour per person. Quite a few Nisei seem to frequent the place, especifdly after

10 or 11 at ni^ht.

The large writing room seems to see more than its share of Nisei, for

apparently quite a few write letters regularly ana often. Plenty of uooks

are av: liable in the hotel library but apparently no one reads taem.

According to Riley, the big lounge on the second floor fills up alter

about 7 in the evening. I.e said that after coming home from work many I.isei

take their shower and then hang around at the lobby.

!here is an air-conditioned cafeteria which serves soft arinks in the

afternoon and evening. The Nisei occupy the largest booths and aiter pur­

chasing a few five-cent sodas sit there all night and talk, '!his is supposed to have brought some adverse criticisms. Field Kotos: Aug. 7, 1945 Shibutani Party at Uelroso Park

The Premiere Rose Gardens, a large florist concorn in north­

western Chicago, has three plants. Plant A in Desplaines is operated

by Yoshimi Shibata who came from Tule Lake, Noboru Honda and 10 other

nisei boys arc working there along with about 10 or 20 Caucasians.

-ho nisoi work together and Mrs. Honda cooks for the group. In Plane

C in Melrose iarl:, Jun^ Agari is the boss and there are 12 fellows,

all nisei who are working there. There are no Caucasians at Plant C

other than the nightwatch man. Plant B is run entirely by Caucasians.

The work in the all-nisei plant is apparently so good that the owner is extremely pleased and is willing to do almost anything to make

the boys happy. Therefore when Jun Agari suggested that a party be

thrown so that the boys could invite their friends, and get over

their loneliness, the boss not only agreed but got some lumber to

build an extension to the house which could be used as a dance hall

and also gave the boys all the gas that they needed to make ar an c ­

ients for getting their guests to the plant, which .as several miles from the car line. All of the boys chipred in money and labor to make ready for the event.

Aa far as Invitations were concerned, the pa ty was open to anyone who wanted to go. Deki, whose sister and brother-in-law had worked at the plant until a monbh ago, was told to get as many girls

and uarried couples together, whether they knew anyone at the plant or not and bring them to the party, Tomi and I met Deki and her husband at the elevated station on 63rd and waited for half an hour for two girls who were supposed to go with us. Dr. Seto phoned and found out that one of them had not come yet and the other had de­ cided at the last minute not to go but did not have the foresight to call Deki and tell her so. Wo wore all a bit disgusted but thought Melrose lark - 2

that since this lack of presence of mind was a characteristic typical

O- nisei wo would let it go. After two hours on the elevated we

arrived at the Oak lark station and took a taxi to the plant. The

boys insisted on paying the taxi bill and I noted that bhe station

wagon and the boss' car wore being put to use in meeting the guests

at the station. The boys were paying all the expenses for everything.

Deki had the suspicion that the reason why the party was being

held was not so much because of the loneliness of tho boy3, but be­

cause Jun wanted a wife. She remarked that Jun had said to her that ho could offer a girl anything she wanted in the way

of a home or other material things. Deki felt that Jun* was having

difficulties mainly because he was too businesslike and not suffi­

ciently attentive to tho girls. She thought that he was giving this party so that he could meet some girls himself.

We arrived at 8:45 and about a dozen boys were sitting in the

front on the lawn. Others were standing around talking to each other

and seemed much too bashful to mix with the guests. The girls were

sitting around among themselves and talking to the Caucasians. e

The place was clean. Everything was in order and it seam, obvious

that all the floors had been scrubbed recently. The boys I talked

to, remarked that the place was generally a dirty mess but that they had all worked together to clean it for this occasion. hen I asked about expens&s the reply was that they wore making plenty of money but unable to spend it for it was too far o downtown and chore was not much to do in Melrose Park. Since they had to work on Sundays they just had to save their money.

e met Marjorie Ito from Tule Lake who seemed to be the belle Melrose Park,- 3

of the evening. She said that she was working in Oak Park and lived in vanston with her sister. Jun was compla ning VBcl#BB- ously and said that the boys had demanded that he bring some girls and s nee he could not find enough nisoi, he got several Caucasian girls to come from one of the other plants. Now that the Caucasian girls had come the boys who had talked so big about knowing Cauca­ sians wore not quibe up to it and Jun was being left holding the sack. Urs. Honda was in the kitchen making refreshments. I talked to Noboru for a whilo and he remarked that he felt lucky to be out.

He said that for some time he had thought of accepting a WRA job in

Colorado but no.; that he was working in Desplaines and was saving money he was no longer interested in government work. For about a half hour several former Tuleans stood around together to discuss the camp. About 9:50 the dance music began and we all wont into the new addition to the house, hich the boys had all to themselves.

At first ev ryone felt a bit awkwa d since there was no one present who know everyone at the part. lach person had invited some friends and had not taken the trouble to introduce his own guests to the others and consequently there was some hesitation. June Agari remarked, "There are more people here at this party who don't know each other and than a^ any other party I over attended." The boys stood around the sides and a hooted and cat-called those who were dancing. A few danced \-ith the Caucasian girls, mostly out of po- litness and two of the Caucasian girls were dancing with each other. A number of boys monopolized a large chesterfield In the porch and continued to snicker and hoot at those who were dancing,

^hen one of their fo lo workers was dancing with a nisoi girls, they yelled such th ngs as,'Why so close, Joe?" or "Red hot mama.' Melrose Park - 4

and then laughed very boisterously. They did not cat-call those who were dancing with Caucasian girls but after the dance, when the boy who had just dance with the Caucasian and who obviously em­ barrassed joined them, they began accusing him of all sorts of ulterior motives. They would ask such questions as, "YJhore you taking her after the dance?" or "How come you had your hands where they were?" The fellow would naturally defend himself and deny everything but the jests continued for most of the evening. (This practice is so common that we might even say that it is character­ istic of nisei socials. Among nisei groups all the way from Seattle to Los Angeles such occurrences were so typical tha: those familiar with nisei could anticipate it even in Chicago.)

Two nisei were drinking. One of the boys had quit his job at the nursery to go back to Topaz a few months ago. ^he solo reason that he gave for quitting that there were not enough girls for him but when he arrived in Topaz he found that most of his girl friends had left camp and therefore returned. He was drinking quite heavily with a rather attractive Caucasian girl in a green dress. After each drink he was pawing her and arousing the d sap roval of the other nisei present. The Caucasian boss, his wife and other Cauca­ sian employees had come to joii in the fun, but they were drinking nisei beer and talking to each other or to some of the/girl, who for one reason or another! were being ignored. They were all on friendly terms with the nisei workers but th e was very little in the way of mixing. The boys called all the emplyyees by their first names but showed considerable difference to the owner.

I vent outside to talk to some of the boys who were not dancing* (See Document CH-104) Melrose Park - 5

Jun vas going from one room to another trying to see that everything was going smoothly. He did not seem to be having much fun and seem t) be very much worried that some of the guests were not enjoying themselves. Ho seemed to be working hard to s e that everyone else was having a good time. Deki noticed this and re­ marked that her uhoory was must have boon wrong. Ralph Tsutsui, who was apparently more accustomed to social gatherings than the other boys, voluntarily became xiaster of coremonies and tried to arrange a mixer. Ho asked all the girls and boys to line up and go around in a girclo but people were very reluctant to cooperate, particularly those boy3 who were cat-calling. There were virtually forced to introduce thomselv^s to each other. Ono nisei girl was sitting In the same room as the Caucasians and was obviously very bored. She had come with Marjorie Ito who was extremely popular.

By 10 o'clock many of the people knew eadh obher a little but there were many who were still sitting among themselves in their own group. Many of the boys were sitting, yelling and laughing while the girls wer forced to stand near by because there were not enough seats. The boys hooted Ralph whenever he made an announcement and made it embarrassing for him with their remarks. By th&s time the

Caucasian girl in the green dross was quite drunk and was grabbing boys and forcing thorn to dance with her. It was rather amusing to wa-ch the nisei men dance with Caucasian girls because for some reason or anothor they seemod to be afraid. The held the girls vory loosely and hardly touched them at all, while when they were

oy ractically smothered them in their ־dancing with nisoi girls t arms. The boys who did not enjoy dancing stayed outside and did not even engage in cat-calling. Melrose Park - 5

At 10:L0 refreshments were served and everyone stopped to get

his share of potato chips, dandwiches, cakes, salad and a&l the soda

water they could drink. There were four bottles of whiskey left

but very few people were drinking. At about 11 o'clock several girls

who had taken the wrong elevated, arrlty d at the parLy. The boss'

wife whe had gone to Mannheim Road to pick them up. Four people

started playing bridge for fun and the others drifted into the

ki chen periodically to replenish their sup ly of refreshments.

Most of the boys took the scats while thoy wore eating and conse­

quently the girls had to stand. By 12 o'clock there wo e from 45

to 55 people present, among them about 12 Caucasians. Mos; of the

people seemed quito tired of dancing! by this time. Dr. neto, who had had one drink too much, started a dancing marathon. He took

charge of the phonograph and started playing the record "In the

Groovo" in which it is difficult to tell whon the dance begins and

when it ends. Just when the needle came toward the end of the re­

cord he would start playing i^ all over again wi&houc a break. All

of the girls except Marjorie Ito dropped out exhausted. The boys

would dance with Marjorie and take turns cutting in on her while the others rested.

At twelve Deki, Dr. eto, Toml and decided to leave since we had about a three-hour ride ahead of us* The party was st 11 joing

altho some were tiped and some were starting to go home. The boy

from Topaz, who by now was thoDOughly drunk, drove us to the car line. Yoshimi Shibata was a bit hesitant about allowing him to

(rive and we felt a bit uncomfortable especially when the car began swaying all over the road. He was rather talkative and said that he came back from Topaz after a week because the lace was dead. Melrose Park - 7

When he stated that he had enjoyed dancing with the drunkon Cau­ casian girl because she "felt different from the nisei", Deki became rather indignant and chut up. When I got homo I thought of all the similar nisei parties on the Pacific Coast and couldn't help but noting no change whatsoever in the behavior patterns of the nisei. They were still very sloppy and what was labelled as rowdyism still continued to some extent.

There was much yelling and laughing at each other and loud voices from one *gnd of the hall to the other. Thore were zoot suitors who were dance crany and on the other hand, serious, young nis&i who ignored the dance altogether and sat ty themselves outside.

There was one thing on hioh most people seom to agree and that was that Melrose Park was very quiet and reminiscent of the old days in California. Such remarks as the following were very

At least you fellows have elbow room out here," and״ :common

"God, but it's quiet, nothing like the holl in the city." Field Notes A.u ust 14, 1945 ai:a־Shibutani Prod Hoshi

Freddie came into the office this afternoon with ^as Yakai. He said that Rew York was all right for the resettlement and said that only thing that struck him about the place was that people were just bustling aiound without seonin^ to know exactly where they were foin^. ^e said that he was only going to Topaz and that he was just stopping here and tJ ere to see all nis !riends. o.i ..n ^ know where his brother lived although he know th?t he had -otten rarried and has resettled in Chicago, ^e said that he had just neard the address from a friend of his. He stated thnt his life in Hassachusets consisted of making speeches and studying. He thought that he had a good chance for a job after getting out because all Springfield men were in demand throughout the country. e spoke of oin< out with Caucasian ; iris on dates and said that there was not much alternative because there were no Nisei girls nrcund. He said he liked ^cw ^nglanc. bccause everything was so clean and nice. There are so few lisei around that the people don't even notice them. Field Notes Aug. 15, 1943 International House ea Shibutani

According to Kiyo Nishlyama the tea was planned by the Hyd%e

Park committee for the assistance of resettlors and the initiative was taken mainly taken by Miss Eva Dean Kemp. Miss Kemp is the social chairman of what remains of the International House group.

For some tima now, the Hyde Park committee has been looking for something to do for the nisei wh# for whom they a parently fool sorry and decided to invite many of them to their weekly tea. No one else was invited and ;he non-nisei who appeared were regularly members of the house activities group. In inviting nisei, accord­ ing to Kay Mano, a member of the committee, an effort was made to invite those people with a college background and those who the committee believed would be most likely to continue their associa­ tion with the international House. No one knows for sure but Liyo believes c at somewhere from 75 to 100 nisei were invited. The people who arrived, according to both Kiyo and Kay, included a number ## who were not invited. The tea was scheduled for 4:30 and since Tomi was on the reception committee, we arrived about 4:^5. Since no one had told her what she was expected to do, Tomi wanted to go early to get her

instructions. hen we arrived only Miss Kemp and two others, a

Hindu and a Nigerian, were present. By 4:35 some nisei started

streaming in and about a half hour later there ere about 70 nisei, about equally divided in sex, and about 20 Caucasians present.

There was some mixing and it seemed that many of the Caucasians who arrived early, made a special effort to seek out some nisei^

and to engage them into conversation. Miss Kemp and some of the members of the reception committee met the people as they came in

the door and took thorn to Lhe various clusters to ake introductions. Aug. 15, 1945 Fage 2

On the whole, however, the nisei seem to stick very muc to thom^ selves and seemed to bo occupied primarily in seeking out old

friends whom they had not seen for some time. It seemed that each

had heard that some one or other of their fiiands were in Chicago but did not know when they lived and consequently when the group

got togeth r, that -№as the primary interest. Some people, who were visiting, cane to soe who was there*

Henry Tani, who was out from Topaz, partly to look over job

opportunities and partly to attend various Christian conferences in Wisconsin, How York and several other states, came looking for his

acquaintances and did nothing but #ump from one cluster of nisei to

another, ask ng them what they thought of job op ortunities and

chances for acceptance in the various communities. He stated that

he was planning to settle in the middlewest permanently and that he

wanted to go back into insurance busin ss doing office work rather than selling.

H&deo Sasaki had just arrived from Poston and was planning to

continue wehool. He was pa sing through Chicago and was planning

to go further oast. He said that he came to the tea because he had .that many of his Cal friends would be here ׳.heart

Ted Shlgeno, who has been in Chicago for some time, stated

that he had come to the tea because he was leaving for Boston to

attend Boston University on a scholarship. Since he was leaving in

two weeks, he welcomed this opportunity to say go:dbye to as many of his friends as possible all at once.

The discussion of various trivialities continued for some

time and then tea was served. Awkwardly and otherwise, everyone was drinking when suddenly Miss K mp called for everyone's aLten&ton Aug. 1), 1945 Page 5

and introduced performers of the afternoon. One woman gave a monologue which was amateurish but interesting and t' en Maria

Morimoto performed on the piano. Since she played a rather diffi­ cult classic, it seemed that most people were simply listening out of politeness. By this time about 40 or 50 more Caucasians had come in and on the whole many of them seemed rather resentful towards the nisei.

They sat together in one part of the room and were not particularly fiiendly toward the nisei who were monopol zing the remainder of the room. The spac al elatlonahip was much like an eignologioal succession. First the nisei came in and occupied that area of the home room which was nearest the door. Gradually they spr ad out to the remainder of the room. About an hour later Caucasians became ea in large numbers and forced ^he nisei into the further end of the room and out of necessity occupied the entire ar a near the door. Gradually as more and more Caucasians came, the nisoi began to leave and by about 6:50 there were only Caucasians left in the room. Since there wore only a few of us left, I cornered the di­ rector of the International H use, a very young man who had rocently replaced Mr, Price and started asking him questions. He was rather reticent and I could not g6t too much out of him. He did mention, however, that 15 nisei were employed by the House. He stated that the Army was more than pleased with their service. On one occasion two of them wero almost fired but had to be reinstated becauseof Army's objections. He stated further that Mary Tani, who was ork- ing as a waitress, was extremely popular with the soldiers, He said thab the commander of the unit once remarked that during the dull Pa ge 4Aug. 15, 1945 Page 4Aug.

winter months Mary's smile, more than any other factor, kept up the morale of the men. (Ilary Tani is a singer who was a member of the

chorus when she was a student at the University of California. She

ia very small and a rather at ractive girl.) On the whole, the di­ rector seemed very pleased \ith thenisoi residents.

Kay Mano had an interesting story to tell. She stated that

she was working In a hospital where Negroes and whites llvo se­ parately. hen she was hired, they did not know which mess hall to

send her to and gave her 50 cents a day extra to eat out. Now that

there were 50 nisei em loyed there, she stated that plans for open­

ing a third mens hall arc in consideration. She did not seem to be interested in complaining about this oddest discrimination.

I saw Jobo Nakamura but could not get anything out of him. He asked me whether I was interviewing him or not and even after I assured him that I was not, he seeded rather hesitant to say any­ thing. He said that Sakoda had pumped him dry and that Sakoda knew

everything that as te bo known about him anyway. He stated that

things ^ere too "hot" in Tale and that he felt much better out.

On the whole, there is not much that one could say about the

inter-persOnal relationships at the tea. leople we e simply chatting most of t e time while the hostesses took people around and intro­ duced them to each other. After each introduction the individuals

talked for a few momonts and then moved on. When one person joined one group another took the opportunity to leave. There w s practi- ca ly no mixing and many of the Caucasians who were present were obviously disgusted and showed 1 c by the expression on their faces and by the cool manner in which they brushed off the nisei. Field Notes Sept. 24, 1943 WRA Staff Hooting Shibutani

This morning Charlie and I had to speak to the WRA staff on the subject of "What was wrong with the work theywere doing." We werosupposod to tell them of all the mistakes they had made and suggest ways they could improve t eir work. We were really on the spot because if we did not blast away Shirrell would feel very disa ointed whereas, if we did say what we thought, the others would bo pretty angry. Dr. Yatabe, who was also on the anol wi;h us, d&cidod that he did not wish to jeopardize the relationships that he JACL had mana ed to maintain and he therefore would not say anything in the way of criticism. C arlie and I decided to take it easy too but after we arrived, we decided that Mr. Shirrell's good graces was far more im orrant than some of the people there.

Another thing that burned us up was the fact that most of the people were not on time and soi.ie of the field men did not arrive until one hour after the meeting was scheduled.

Yatabo started bhe discussion and was supposed to talk about public relations work. He talked largely bout his own experiences and stated that he did not know how to solve t e many problems that were arising. He emphasized the point that the WRA should publicize stories with human interest and added t at he was able to win over audiences by bringing his son, ho performed on the piano. He said,

"It is t e obgligation of yoi people to do a good job in public

elations to correct the gpedt wrong thac has been done to our people. It is up to you to help us." He cont nnally ade the dis­ tinction between you and we and did not once mention anything about democratic principles being afr nged. He spoke at great length about the cooperation between the National JACL and Dillon Myer and then ent into a discussion o getting families out of projects. Sept. 24, 1943 Page 2

He concluded by saying, "The psychology of our people is different from yours, therefore, you must try to understand them." worked Charlie and I together as a team. He presented a con- rete case and I followed with a general analysis, e both em ha­ sized the _o.nt that the major difficulties on the art of the MTA staff was the lack of understanding of the problems at hand. We told thorn that the problem of social ad ustment was paramount and that occupational mobility was something only incide al to this.

Someone raised the question as to how they could possibly under­

as bothering the nisei when the people being interviewed׳ stand wha refused to al-. Both of us repliody uhat establishing rapport was necessary before expecting anything and were greeted by a laugh becauso many of the interviewers apparently №elt that establishing rapport . i h nisei was a super-coHssal job which nn one could do.

They comlalned that the nisei wore very arrogant and expected to got jobs for which they were not qualified. Charlie told them very

Thluntly that the reason why they could not establish rapi ort was that they b gan with such an attitude. e backed up t! is s atement with several 3xam les. Charlie also stated that the WRA pe pie are al a s on tho defensive when criticized. This everyone denied and in the next breath took a defensive position. There seemed to be a very definite split with n the ranks of the RA, between those who were social workers and bhose who had come from the employment field. All of the social workers, except

Hiss Ro3s, were far more sympathetic with our views and simply asked questions on ho they could overcome the difficulties. The emp oy- ment people, however, became very angry and attacked oi& statements

sometimes on irrational grounds. hen I men i ned that many people Sept. 24, 1945 Page 3

felt that the interviews at the Friends Service office were much more satisfying than thoso at the WRA, Ben Yoshloka got up in anger and stated hat the nisei were, because of certain racial character­ istics, very sneaky and not on the open. Ho stated that he had been double-crossed many times by nisei who had lied to him and had put him on tho ppot. He claimed that many came to him later and apolo­ gized but ib was too la e bocause the damage had been done. He con­ cluded, therefore, that most of the trouble came from the fa.lty characteristics of the nisi rather than fFom the shortcomings on the part f the staff of the WRA. This led to a heated argument and Hr. Shlrrell ste ped in to close the meeting.

Charlie and I went to eat in a hash house and had a good time chuckling ovor tho statements made during the course of the morning by tho various speakers and members of the audien- e. Field Notes: Interview ״ Oct. 5, 1943 Shibutani WRA-Mr. Jhirrell

"As a result of the things that you and Charlie had to say,

I think that we are now thinking a little more about the personal

problems of the resettlers. I'm glad to tell you that we are taking

Mrs. Isumi on as a civil service worker. She's being doing a lot

of work anyway. There's a Mrs. Platt who lives out in Bevirly

Hills who's been having parties and picnics in her garden for the

nisei and №c. Izumi could stay out there and counsel. She is a

sansei and speaks excellent Japanese and !nglish. (This is not

tnue, she is of mixed blood and her father was a Japanese immigrant.

Her command of languages is very competent.) Mrs. llatt's husband

is a profesoor at the University and is an expert in Latin American affairs which makes it very nice because in all his travels he has

made a lot of Latin American friends, whom ho brings to his homo and

introduces to the nisei. Mrs. Platt is something of a psychologist

and helps the girls in problems of adjustment, ^he's been working

with Eleanor (Mrs. Shirrcll) at the YY-CA ever since the beginning of the resettlement program here.

"There's a woman out in the north side who has beon extremely

helpful in helping evacuees in their problems of adjustment. Mrs.

Waddell has organized the domestic girls on the north shore and has

worked hard to open clubs and other organizations to them, ohe has

done excellent work and I think that activities like that ought to be continued.

ihe latest figures that we have show that there are more than ׳

with Eleanor about what to do with all these people. I've felt all

along with Smaltzer and his gang that the Integration was necessary altho I've realized that the transitional stage maye last longer Shirrell - 2

than we anticipated. Eleanor feels that these nisei are very lonely and h a s been advocating having parties. Miss Hukaye was lent to tho local Y.7CA by the national board at Eleanor's request. Last

Sunday, as you know, there was a party welcoming her to Chicago. I went there and there were about 350 who gathered. About 100 Cauca­ sians were present, mostly "Y workers and people interested in things that sort but the nisei almost Ignored the Caucasians there.

They were 3o damned happy meeting friends whom they didn't even know

o. The nisei had a grand time albho the Caucasians״wore in 6?hica tzho were there wore practically ignore . When Eleanor saw this, she

at pa ties like this were exactly when the nisei needed:׳d cided t and the "Y has started giving their regular socials. The nisei just rushed around among themselves. I don't see how this sort of

an be stopped and I don't think that it is the function of:׳ ^thin any government a!en&y to try Lo stop it. "You probably know that there are three boarding houses oper­ ated by Japanese. At first i \as opposed to the idea, but bee use of the housing shortage I can't seo any other alternativ . I just can't hold pressure of emplo ers who need workers badly but who can't hold them because of lack of housing. e need ho !.sing badly and this is one way of solving the immediate problem. Ivon tho

Church Fe eration has changed its policy. Do you remember back several months ago when they were opposed to that church that that

Korean was trying to run? I think he name was Sal. Well, no the

^hurch Federation is actually encouraging the issei to go there.

I don't think that that chu ch ap eals to nisei anyway, "We have a Buddhist church now you know. There's a Rev.

Soyu Matsuoka who came in to see me about starting a church. At Shirrell - 3

first I was a big suspicious of him because he came to this country after 1939. I was surprised that he was not interned by the FBI. Since he had been teaching at the Navy School in oulder

I thought that he must be okay but I called up !-he FBT and noti­ fied them of his presence here anyway. A parently the man is all right because I haven't heard anything from 'hem since. He hardly s p a k s any English at all. I was amazed that any man who had been in th&se country for four years didn't know any mere English than he did. I had gne of the girls come ahd interpret for mo because

I Wouldn't understand what he was talking about. I told him that

. ׳or learn some Englis׳ if he's going to stick around here he bet

He's here without the official ppproval of the Buddhist Churd" and is operating as an individual. There's nothing that I could do about it, after all we have freedom of worship in this country and

there's nothing wrong with the Buddhist religion as such. I told him that he would have to go to the Chicago Church Federation. He objected but I made him go any way and I gather that they had a knockdown, drag out battle when ho got there because a few days later a Representative of the Christian church came to mo to object to his starting д church. There's nothing I could do about that protest since he has a perfect right to start a congregation if he wants to. He got quite a rebuff from the isse in Chicago and he seemed rather annoyed by tho whole thing* The issei among the old residents hero told him that they would givo him money but wo Id not attend 6his congregation. I think that hurt him a little but at loast he knows that he will not got any support from that quarter.

"I agree with you that the events that I jU3t mentioned are going to load to he formation of a Japanese community. Why should Shirroll - 4

I stop it? This is a big city and wo don't have any housing. Even if they did get together, there are a lot of hyphenated communities in this place and why shouldn't the Japanese have one of their own?

"Did you see the Tribune of Oct. 4? I suggest that you get one bccause there wa3 a very favorable article in it. "e'vo been having somcctrouble with some newspapers but that sort of thing has to be oxpected. Ac you know, over ;he week end, we had a Co-op meeting h re in which ^ representatives from ovary center. You probably heard that Don Jlborson was here. I went there to speak because they asked me to and I didn't know that a Tribune re orter was there. The general theme of my talk was that some day the nisei would comc here in large numbers and congregate and so why not do it now? I later found aboit the Tribune reporter and talked to her about keeping it out of iho paper. I didn't hear any more but it seems that they sent the story to Washington and the Washington

y r to see what he thought about it. Mr, Mycr!.* .׳office called lb pho ed me up immediately and asked me what I had said. An way, it seems that ashington killed the story but the other day, in Cleve­ land, there was a release in the paper that the WHA admits that the evacuation made people lazy and that the people in the centers were not doing anything constructive. They did not say anything about what I said after that, about getting them out to do something con­ structive. I guess things like that are bound to happen.

'1 haven't tried to press in tho newspapers here too much.

The only one that seems to bo interested ia the Herald American and theBB is no sense talking to them because they are helpless. I don't think ue have o worry too much about th^m because they only have a circulation of 150,00 and nobody believe anything in the Hearst Shirrell - 5

papers anyway. The Tribune has the largest circulation than all the other papers put together. Their reaction has been surpri­

hon I cane here I didn t even dare to dream that the>־' .sing

ribune would print the kind of articles that they have been. It׳ was the one paper that I was absolutely certain would bo opposed to us and I thank God that they are not. I've talked to ^ho Tribune man and they look u on the WRA as just another Low Deal agency.

His view was that the ew Deri had just created another mess and the poor people arc suffering as the result of it and therefore the Tribune would help the poor people who arc suffering of Now

Deal intolerance, I don't think that that's true but I'm not going to argue with him because the end result is what we v.any -*anyway.

"There's a man who broadcasts the news at 11 o'clock every night over the Ilearst station. I've never stayed up that late to listen to him but i understand that he is very good. He is sup used to summarize the news but whenever there is anything bad about he

Japanese American, ho calls me up and I give him something to take its place. He tolls me that he gets paid by Hearst but ho refuses to take part in he kiod of things the Heart papers He i very pro-URA in his programs and I understand that he has as wide a listening public as a:y nows commentator in the ar a.

"I know that the charge has been made that many WRA employees are over paid and in many cases I think that it is true. But many people who say this don't seem to realize how hard somo of us have to work. I think that the ma&n reason this complaint has been made is that the evacuees contrast oup salries to !ih lr 1 G ones. vory- one on o r staff is paid acfording to civil service ratings that they hold*' COPY

War Relocation Authority est Jackson Boulevard׳> 226 Chicago, Illinois y October 6, 1943 '*r. Robertson Fort American Friends Service Committee 189 *Vest Madison street Chica *o, Illinois

:r. Fcrt'׳! ear^

^or your information and with the thought that you may have evacuees who are having housing difficulties in addition to those involving employ­ ment, we are attaching a copy of an offer fromthe John F. Cuneo Company. Anyone intere ted should be advised to contact fT. Turand at the pA&nt on 22nd and Canal Street. If you have any further uestions relative to the offer, kindly call r. tensing at the War Relocation Authority.

Very truly yours, /s/ rimer L. Shirrell lelocation Supervisor

Attachment on letterhead Cctober3, 1

The John F. Cuneo Company, 465 ;est Cermak ^oad, Chicago, will employ about 100 American citizens of Japanese ancestry, male or female.^ The work consists of light manual labor indoors in a publishing company factory where magazines, school books, etc., are printed. About 20 Hisei are employee there now and are very ^ell liked. The sentiment is excellent, by demonstration.

There will be permanent employment after the v-ar vith no slack seasons. There are no educational requirements. Housing is guaranteed five blocks ircm the plant. r. Cuneo has leased a 35 room hotel with about 27 vacancies. The rooms are *4 to %7 a week at present and probably less later. He plans to remodel the hotel and sub-lease it to an evacuee manager in the immediate future and reduce rents to conform with the cost of maintenance.

The average earnings of unskilled vorkers are from ^33 a week, ?en earn 50^ a hour the first week and 62^% an hour for the next eleven ^eeks and 67% later. 1'omen earn 7% an hour less than the men in each braket. Time and one-half pay for overtime. The wages are set by Federal Regulations. ^

Applications should be filed v-ith ''r. Cuneo at the above address.

Elmer L. Shirrell Relocation Supervisor ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR EVACUEES 1B9 WEST MADtSDN STREET CHiCAGO, tLLtNDIS CENTRAL 26 2 3 DR 2 6 6 S

OFFICERS STAFF

Chicago Church Federation Togo TanaJta American Baptist Home Mission Society Herman Will, Jr., Vice Chairman Fellowship of Reconciliation Joseph R. Brown ) Miss Barbara BattersheH, Recording Sec y Edwin C. Morgenroth ^American Friends Service Committee Woman's Amer. Baptist Home Mission Society Ruth Urice l Edwin C. Morgenroth, Executive Secretary American Friends Service Committee M E M B E R S Mrs. James Aldrich Young Women's Christian Association Miss A!ice Boynton Women's Inti(. League for Peace and Freedom Miss Helen P. Bull Young Women's Christian Association Emerson O. Bradshaw Chicago Church Federation Leland S. Brubaker Brethren Service Committee Miss Lucy Camer Post War World Council Mrs. Miette Cummings Young Women's Christian Association Miss Ethe! Dewey Young Women's Christian Association Merrill Enyeart Young Men's Christian Association Rev. Harold E. Fey Christian Century Sadie Ellis Garland Hull House Miss Genrose Gehri ^

John W. Harms Chicago Church Federation Dr. S. I. Hayakawa Illinois Institute of Technology Joe! D. Hunter ^

Mrs. Edwin H. Kinney Woman's Amer. Baptist Home Mission Society HenryJ. Little, Jr. ^ ^

Virgil E. Lowder Chicago Church Federation Frank W. McCulloch Mullenhach Institute Sutherland D. Miller Young Men's Christian Association John L. Nelson Lawson YMCA Dr. Russell S. Orr

Dr. and Mrs. Albert W. Palmer

Rev. Don F. Pielstick ^

Dean Robert Redfield

Wilfred S. Reynolds

Mrs. Kenneth F. Rich

Mrs. Elmer L. Shirrell

Mr. Elmer L. Shirrell

L. E. Zeitz COPY

3714 L*k* Park Ave. Chioago, 111 * May 8. 1943

Dear Ertko Tsutsui:

Having received your letter stating that you want ** employment in Chioago. I think you hotioed that my name in the Colorado Times (Published in Denver, Colorao*)

I am a Christian leader of Japanese women in Chioago. I am helping the girls to relooate from the Relooation Centers. The kind of employment you wanted is plentiful in here. Whoever you want to oome to Chioago, I will help you and I take to full responsibility over you. Also you may stay with me, if you want to do so.

Sinoerely yours.

/s/ Iohiyo Uyeno

TO : ELS FROM: John C. Tuoker, leaves officer, Jerome 6-12*4$

We understand that Mrs. I. Uy^o is employed by the *ARxix WRA in your offioe. She has been corresponding with Mr. and Mrs. Iohiro Mizota, 5-10-E, this oenter oonoernlng a domestio job whioh she has in hind for them.

Will you please investigate this employment offer and advise us the details, making reoommendation. Mr. and Mrs. Mizota are Interested if the job meets with your approval.

TO J3T (Jerome) FROM: ELS 6-I4-43

RE YOUR LETTER OF JUNE 12. MRS. I. UYENO IS NOT EMPLOYED BY THIS OFFICE AND OUR PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON HER LEADS DS TO BELIEVE SHE IS OPERATING AN EMPIDYMENT AGENCY OF HER OWN FOR PROFIT. WE WILL M3T APPROVE HER JOBS #IT3)UT INVESTIGATING EACH ONE VERY CAREF'JLLY. WE ADVISE THAT YOU HATE YOUR PEOPLE ACCEPT DOMESTIC JOB OFFERS THAT ARE BEING FORWARDED BY THIS OFFICE, OR SEND THEM TO US FOR EMPLOiMENT AS PER 0 JR ARRANGEMENTS WITH YOU.

3-24-43

Mrs. I. Uyeno at offioe. Has been in Chioago a year, oame from Seattle, I303 Washington St. Had alien reg. card. Husband ill and living on inoome from property in Seattle. Referenoe: $th Presbyterian Churoh. Has domestic offers from Dr. Stooks, Miller, Kaplan, and Kulp all at 6850 S. Shore Dr. Speaks little English, ootlt think of any referenoes. Called AFSC, they do not know her. No Dr. Stooks lived at that address. Called Kulp, job offer was months ago, not open now though Mrs. K's mother needs a domestic. STATE HEADQUARTERS FOR SELECTIVE SERVICE M. G, MoConnel P. 0. Box 1639 State Director Boise, Idaho

A MESSAGE,TO SELECTEES

When in times of grave emergency it becomes necessary for this Nation to ask its people to share in the common defense, it is imperative that each man do his part. Every one of us has a task to perform. Yours is the part of a soldier -- a service upon which tradition imposes a high honor.

You have received your notice to report for induction. In a few days, you will go to'your local board headquarters and proceed from there to an in­ duction station where you will be physically examined, and, if found fit for general military service, inducted into the armed forces. You will travel with the group of selectees from your local board. Private transportation may not be used unless authority has been received from the local board sufficiently in advance to allow the board to make necessary arrangements. If you are inducted into the United States Army, you may be given the privi­ lege of an immediate furlough, unless you prefer to proceed directly to the Reception Center. This furlough will be accomplished by a transfer to the Enlisted Reserve Corps immediately following.your induction at which time you will receive orders recalling you to active service at the end of this furlough period. HOriEVER, TO BE ENTITLED TO SUCH FURLOUGH YOU MUST REPORT AT THE TIME AND PLACE DESIGNATED AND IN A SOBER. CONDITION. UNLESS BOTH OF THESE CONDITIONS .SUCH FUHLCUIH־ARE MET YOU FORPElT YOUR RIGHT TO

It is a new life to which you are going and in order that your road to it and through it may be made smoother the following suggestions are made:

1. Go to it cheerfully, soberly, and alertly.

2. If you are employed, remind your employer that there is a possi­ bility that you may be rejected when you report for induction into the Army. Ask him to hold your job for you until you are certain of induction. If ac­ cepted, notify him at once by mail. If you sell your car or your business before you leave, sell it on a contingent basis so that if you are not taken by the Army, you can reclaim it when you return home.

3. If you are unemployed, register with your State Employment Service before you leave. It will help you to get a job when this national task of yours is completed.

4. Travel light. If you wish, take a small bag with a few clean clothes, a few handkerchiefs, socks, soap, towel, and necessary toilet articles. These are not essential as you will be issued necessary equipment by the Army but they may come in handy should there be any delay in yaur induction into the Service. Therefore, you may take such articT.es with you but they are not necessary. Leave jewelry, large sums of money and other valuables at home for they may easily be lost. If possible, take a little spending money for such needs as you may have before your first pay-day. Take some postal cards or stationery and stamps, a fountain pen and an inexpensive watch if you have them.

5. Leave your automobile or motorcycle at home.

6. It takes time for the Army to assign you to your permanent military unit. Keep in.touch with your friends and family but ask them not to write A MESSAGE TO SELECTEES Page 2 ׳ ׳ * '' ׳< - :׳׳-־ . . %H,* ׳׳ ׳ : ׳ ' ' ׳ ־ . . . .. ׳ .׳ ׳ . . . .. ־ ׳ ' ' ׳

to you until you hpve a definite and complete address to which mail will be delivered. As soon as you are inducted into the Army, your nearest relative will be advised as to your whereabouts, so don't worry about being out of with your family in the Qvent of an emergency. They will know where׳touch to call.

7. At the recaption center, the Army will classify you, that is, try j type of job in the Army which you can do best, in which you will׳ to iind t h be happiest and do th< best for yourself and for your Country. Before you go to the classifier^ think oack over all the jobs you have had, how long you worked at them and EXACTLY WHAT YOU YOURSELF DID IN THEM. Give all the infor­ mation fLskud tor honestly and completely. It will be for your best interest.

8. Go to the Army with an open mind and forget rny ideas wnich you now have unless you KNOl'l they are correct. Keep your t,ars and eyes open, and don't talk too much! Obey orders in the best way you know how and you will succeed.

Your country needs your help, otherwise you would not have been called. Our work will ־ .Some of us will not have the privilege of serving as you serve be in supplying food, equipment, ammunition and other supplies in an united effort to win this war. IVith your assistance all of us will achieve our common goal -- the maintenance of the free heritage to which we were born.

McConnel State Director of Selective Service Field Notes October 21, 1943 Shibutani Private Employment Agency

Over the weekend of the 16th and 17th, advertisements appeared in all the major newspapers in Chicago of the Cooperative Employment

System saying that "Jap-Americans" were wanted for jobs. Seeing

this ad, Kay Miyamoto went to inquire about a position. The place is at 22 South State St.

May went in and was looking at the application blank with another Nisei girl that she had met there. The woman who gave her

the card told her to ignore what was written on the back because the card was made out for employment agencies in general and did not apply at this office. (See b&ihuw for contents) There were several young Nisei men present at the time and while Kay was iilling out the card, they asked her to step outside for a moment.

first she thought they were trying to be funny, but they assured her that it concerned her activities in the agency office so she and the other girl stepped outside ^ t h the boys. There they were told that the fellows were unsuccessfully trying to get back the money that the agency had taken frcm them. They said that the jobs to which they had been sent were not very good and that when they complained they were shunted from one bad job to another. When they asked for their money back, they were refused. May tried to leave, but the woman insisted upon her staying. She finally left on the pretense that she had to go to work.

On the reverse sLde of the card, there was a graded scale of fees to be charged. (Copy will be enclosed later). Among the clauses included in the contract were the following three:

f) Should I lose position through my own fault or voluntarily leave such position and/or fail to report for work after accep- October 21, 1945 Page 2

ance of position, I agree to pay entire fee hereinafter provided for said position.

g) If I lose position for any reason except as here&naBtve provided, within thirty (50) days of date of employment, Co-opera­ tive Employment System may be allowed an amount equal to twenty- five per cent (25%) of income received during such period.

h) It is specifically agreed that all fees paid to Co­

Operative Employment System, under the foregoing scale, are im- medaitely due and payable in full on acceptance of position, unless otherwise provided for in writing. (Italics mine)

Iorton felt that the whole thing was against the law and said that the fees were cscossivoly high for non-depression periods.

The in-group feeling manifested by the Nisei fellows was also interesting. I intend to go down to apply for a job myself to see how things come out. It sounds like a racket for Nisei suckers. Field Notes: Suye Inouye Oct. 23, 1043 Document CH-103B Shibutani

I met Suye on the way to school and asked her ii' Frank had ;iven

her any typing. She said that he had not and that she had just come

down to thank us for everything. I couldn't help but notice that she

was crying. I tried to reassure her but she kept on crying and

everything I said se med to make it worse so I left her. I gathered

from what she said that she thinks that she was fired because of in­

competence. This was partially true but not the crucial reason why she was asked to stop.

'Then I got in the office Frank remarked that Suye had come in and had asked for me. He said that she talked about Dr. Tashiro and

then out of the blue sky said "Thank You" and left. He said th.t by

then he sensed that something had gone wr ng and that she w s crying

but s nee he was not sure what we had told her he did not do any­ thing.

For many reasons Suye has a terrific inferiority complcx. I ike

the other ;rirls in the Stookton Japanese co imunity she has been brou ht up in the anticipation of eventually playing the role of a housewife. Howevey, because of her small stature, er mother has onnstantly telling her that unless she grows (which is im ossible) she will never marry. Her younger sister has always been , iven the responsibility of looking after her even though she is perfectly normal, ;he has never been treated as normal and because of her inferiority complcx she expects failure before she even tarts.

Furthermore, t is was the first job that she

Tally phoned Toil about 5 o'clock and asked her what we were

ow, she said that we were free for the׳ doing, since she did not k

evening. Tally said that he and Mayme would come over, ",'hen

Tomi asked what they were going to do about dinner, if !they were

comini at 5:T0, Tally answered, "Fine, we'll be over." .e had

a rather difficult problem because Jimmy had come over to eat

too and our apartment is not big enough to feed five people and

-t a quarter to six cv ry׳׳ ,Tomi did not have any points anyway

one showed up and it became obvious that we could not eat at home. Someone suggested that we all go to Chinatown and '"ayme

was very anxious to go because she had not eaten Chinese food

since evacuation. Jim was ^opposed to going because he had a

headache, but he was in a difficult spot because he was the only

one with money, the rest of us being flat broke. He acceded to

the wishes of Mayme and we all started for Chinatown. Jim grew very pale oi the elev ted and he finally got off at Indiana, he gave us ,5 te pay for the meul and went home. As we approached

Chinatown Tally told us that he had heard in June that all

Chinese restaurants taking nisei were being ostracized by the other Chinese. e assured him that no unpleasant incidents had occurred and went to Great China. hen we wore in the retaurant, Mayme started talking about Japanese in her usual v ry loud voice. Tally looked around very uneasy fashion and told her to stop because there would be less trouble if people did not re­ cognize us as Japanese. Jim, when we saw him again, was amazed that Tally had invited himself to dinner and said that real

Japanese would rather starve than admit that they h d no money. '*y belated congratulations to you and Deki. May all the worldly blessings be yours al.oys.

I've just finished working on the expense accounts of the Victory Hop we tad Saturday nite. Всу, а! I glad -!!, t it' all overji I'm sure you've heard about our block bcin tie City Softb 11 yhii^s, neh? e certainly splurged on everythin for the d nee. e had the money to full back on because .ith th tortilla а1и je had on the 4th and 5th of July ^e nade ^138.00 Niti expenses amountin to only ^5.6C.

_ e ere fortunate in being !ble to scoure the *Do^ibcatc" for fter this week there ill be no band as free of the nenbers are to le ve sometime this ^eek.

I received both of your 1 -tters nd I must say I had one terrific time getting the puzzle letter together. ' it d n't . . .ade out o ^ ׳.i׳i ..׳

I've he:rd from other sources, too, of ho.t ad the housing is : pp int , ho^asic: .nd ..׳o!־' situ tion is In Chic o, nd barely ekinr out a livin at 4Ut thero. .. os feel reluctant about le vtn! ny folks no?. Cf course, I realise n: t ­о !e is for ׳־'all conditions r the s::me— it depends on whet .nd lc so it : *׳ г;з 1״here things re fav׳:. tunate enough to land

I should like very uch to ul.ays keep in t uch ith ^ou that is if Deki .

By now, 1 think Fussie is rrs. loodie Ichihashi, accor ing to the letter I received from her yesterday it vas to be a Hatter of couple of days. he's so happy and о in love. he׳ gave me a bit of advice too but I don't think I oan take it lust пол.

I've been negligent on my correspondence, no it dis­ courages ae to look t th- mounting *ile. Iloaevar, I love to Mite and t e anly trouble ?,ith letters pilin up n you is that you don'i. (! av. if you re repeatin something you .^aia lre;.dy-- aid ion tonous bee use you have to rite about the sane topic. kinda late no , ut Johnnie and tho ;ids in his ׳'It - ut in front f Lhe oifico. p״ block ;re t rting a rd n in i Johnnie he is ettin? ready to wed Yuri Katsuda. Remember Zig y Akahoshi? He's taken a .ife alre dy. Heiember Alo? T-noiura? uch a youthful couloj " ry 1 chida announced her en о icnt to Johnnie Yoshinura. йол you winder when an I? I wish I kne... I heard and it's still rumor that this camp is going to be a "no, No, Camp". I *menu we'll know in tonitc's paper. They say this is quite definite unu the news i^ to be published t rtite.

Gosh, I think the late hours I've been keeping the last couple oi' weeks wor ting on decorations and lighting effects for tie d nee, worry ^nd handling of all money matters s well as advisin, on il matters such a: publicity, refr sh entE, rrange- nents, etc., is telling on me. I feel so tired, worn out I feel like ;lee in? 11 day. Lut then if I do sleep late I get he dees ano I et pains here and there.

Pot*, how don't dlagnos — I'm just plain tired,

ell — bye for no . Hello fron all.

^1 ays yours sincerely, ?achi (COPY) ii i ust 30, 1^43

Dear Hasa, You've really given me a full and descriptive account of everythin in your letter -- and I marvel - t your ..ritin -- it' written so tiny — but legible. You say y ur family intends to go to Granada. It seems like one out of three is the only one not :,in, there. I uan't know ho. they're going to arran e it nYl. My uncle's there and he m m t s u; to join him *ut my pop has definite idea^ an* he intends to stay put here — consequently the .hole family's olnfj to do hen the time comes;׳ st yin . I don't :now .,hut I' l when I really \

I guess I better hit the hay now— I an't .,rite li : used to hen I was wor^inr t t!n- 'l,ok manager's you know. egards to all I know cut there.

,l..ays sincerely yours ״

Cachi ur fron you coon׳ J-.f. Let e h (COPY) Oot. 4, 1^43

Dear "asa,

Hero I an so ungodly late in my correspondence. Suni a sen.

It's just anazinr--here I read ^our letter ovor--and I have to narvel nt your minute writing. I don't se how а nan's hand ca! write so stall. I've said t iat before haven't Gee, it was s.ell of you to anrwer so coon. I kno I won't deserve it the next tiie. Although it's a f 11 month lute, here's my belute i gr etings on your birthda. . I'm sure you d a happy day.

I do long for the colorful and entertai ing gry spots w ere I can enjoy myself, but I think I an gradually for etting w at real fun is.

— ut lost it^׳ Do you have Connie's nduresa? I ad it on e r to so till you ive:׳. an " i ver did w itc to her. I would 1 me her address? P^e': s!ch a gen of a girl, I couldn't for ret her, aid sure I'll never forge all the girls I was fortu­ nate to .ork Kith durinr ny rtay at the hospital. I heard from she's in Jerome, Arkansas, bhe says Tule Lake cannot be —׳nr" ,one--facilities tops, and food swell, and nice־ conprr^d with J e cordi 1 colonists.

here for < .hile yet. I ־ It se ms 1 ke I'm goinr to s t a myself Yonder how Ion , -ut ny pop has definite i ear to stay ­ere no matter what! e lectures ne heie or I ray any׳' put loc ting or roinr to moth r camp so-־>thing i favor of r naturally I've listened so far and have done w a t e as wanted all t'e different ׳ us to do. Letters are coming in to ne f r o ca ips and everyone, except one, had good ne to report to ne. It makes me feel so sad when I think how lonely I an, so to keep from thinking that way, I an trying to se and sew and se e pre.-ent job׳־?at nites, and work steadily during the days. T does afior ne just that— I am no^ typing sterdily from norniny 'til time to о home. I reelly ought to be getting good at fi ur< s aid ncner— but I doubt it.

у brother's resigned to stay because pop pressure: him too, and he lost fight long aro. I feel P srrry for hin, but I don't knov. whot's right— to stay here wit pop or о о t and become separated from the folks end probably see all they say cone true. If I s art anything by leving no — m d .! were wron — 'd be bln ted wouldn't I*> I'd hate to think of it. ' hy can't I grow up-- ake a decision and stick to it? I'n i - fluenced and swayed so ersil to arguments.

Y:u * re e iber Yas Honda, of Гас'to, don't you ell he's he sounds just like ny dad — I listen to ׳ re lly pro-T nr a ork. He talks. ״ro^ ׳ and coni ׳a — goin ׳ is vi ever׳ senre too. Vac's are frets. I still cling to my hopes of s bei'g hut׳ chancer seen rlim— conditio ׳gettLng о t--t !os they are Things are miihty ch nred around he

You're so ood to me. I ant to tell /ou evor/thi --to g!־ ki׳,eart aid mind, but that's t׳' unbu den the he viness in my advan age of you so I'll refrain a little from jabbering ro muc . Once I get started it's kinda hard for me to stop.

I guess you've noticed the ch n e in address. e just oved to a larg r room— that's all. Don't ork too hard, ^nd you and Deki--please enjoy every­ ״!-thing for me too. ^gardr to all 'til later then— so lo for a while. Al ays just,

;achi (CfiY) ,r״ act. 'n, I 4

,.;.uf׳* Dear

Your letters re r conntant source of one ura ^ennt, e - liphticnt, and everytin ni e— that it if ny pleaure to .ent, r ally!׳rocoive thoi, and ny eijoy

y only diversion after offir׳ I ow find letter uriting ; ־ i , oul^n't t to do if r did-i't h-.\ eL ־ . . r to t or.

,r ׳>y> ־ u ״./׳,,_״ C.'C l.at aovor.' l — * V 'r'.'i.'"־* *'ctarl 'd Ja;t. lire sc ool. It isn't a plcorur --it .׳׳f - In in '*׳t?sk l >r ne to go to school a .- in. The ciocs r .or t a cl-aa ׳*׳ I feel lihe the d , ׳ cl * ־״־-׳;chut" .rtly isei re awfully rt״t ^ yo .nr *i—. ׳:: .there -c ra ״ .t e b vo kept up t eir stu '.11 , ׳ .cour ftah out of t . Hut i e y c dit - ׳foci out f plaoo li':1 ch tine I sttrt iff to re ool— * 'irve.־;:' .f -oiny rt 1 art>׳f at t' o teacher Kill til upon no to read׳'t ic dread' d feelinr- t ,i called׳,i oi ' ut on far I've ercaped hei -t ״ ־ .cloud nln,i a t ^ length of׳ eaoh p ׳׳hav an hnur every day hut nit _ ׳ . ׳ - br '׳ "'c:la,1 ׳ the tine rota lonrr. 0 Jap '10 C, I hope.

ry bout y ^er.l fcolin c! .׳.״־'T.n't ev r 0׳ n ״Do not fes ' lii'i'l ׳ j ' ׳׳.׳ . ״country. ?1 *e r ' t.׳׳'for t ׳׳׳? iy ler *th of ti׳? o v e n te cr ״oar;- ta oh? ;0 ״net in y qu?rr- ! - o.it our׳ 'V:׳' ti'l ״ ' 1 - ״- fol.a ־-.*־ .a״ i;.tt e;׳ ol li ׳ad— f׳ no ׳ 0 ׳ ״differ'incr in vie s. n etly ״out )f t'e place, but I ;1 t-ya r aline y fol ;-0 *״ stom i inr ie iy fol's״i for ny pood, ene t׳׳in with -L?\:on a ׳־a pea won't ׳ keep telling nc ho.v ret I an behind ny r-.rr. hut yet t e stand for ny tryin to *o out on n* o n.

, "aa— you should never kid Peki !' nit your !avin li ed n:׳.r been just t'e hind of a pare׳e״ .t :׳׳׳ in. li e'׳ no or ny 1 cou d nver have oen— so etc. dy and find and of courae, not scatte -brained like ne.

Thanh: for all your sy .pathy— an your ?*enerom consider - tiona. I'i.l. take r rain chock on your pro inc.

' suppose Cb 0- o isn't such a bad pi ce o reloc t^, but o^ why׳ c heecinr for there. I on't k.״׳T don't frcl li ׳, oko״״ro .l like that'׳j : hould fe d ׳ .׳ u 1 ־ ־ onct very r*tr;..n?p', ia . eonr ; haven't net y t, hut . ion i have .no. n only t r^urb '׳-׳ re. r-f ׳letters offered n?:?: i-ye, nd v/enta to ret o out of h ny out rst. he kno ne, but I d n't ׳e rt person i־i,r-> re- iiy :no im for I've never aeon him as he aaya ha has aeea .t' e oner, of course־ ve declined.-״; * . narriod— and Jinny, t o^ Good ׳ ׳ :nri an. in are rett^ 0 : ne r-nd י ; People יי י י r tinner י sin. וי T. '*1״ t h ־.o.. wond r about ne ou*. *m in hoře. ,.nythiii: about the 100th Inf. . -terectc me for our old .^Paih r^' in it, you kno :׳or, o!!״eir>

oll--'b/e for no until t^e next ti e. Rluayn jurt,

'aohi

.foil tils ye r toiito ״Lrrt r a l :5-1 . . (COPY) J 1. 8, 1^44

,ana׳' Dear

I way more than h a p p y to hear iron you again, and I thank you and Deki for the beautiful curd. It Takes Hee&- me feel won erl'ul and happy to be renumbered by my old friends.

n bout the peop e׳..׳It's s ell to hear a l l those good ie 've :nown in here— old and ne\ friends.

Bet Dr. a'anabe is pleased and proud as a punch over his baby boyl ith the stork hovering over so many ׳. brand ne ?׳ 'ho^es— itsy and red— oodie and Fussie— what about the eto

Since the social life in this camp was snufed out from the beginning— revival is alio-t impossible. Put during the Xmas and ew Year's holidays--the former Tuleans tried in a small measure to entertain them elves in their respective blooks by h ving small d nces, p:rties and tourneya.

o׳e've been taking the forced vacation now for over t monthr and most of us are plenty tired of doing nothing. Today all the divisions .eld separate meetings to determine their stand— hether we go back to work and try to -ork out a solution to tie problems 1 ter, or don't go back to ;ork and -it for romet tiia— which is nothin* but *more trouble to my way of "f^r "Yes ׳thin i!g. ...ny ay, the ^d. aid . orkers voted 14 and 2^ for ""o". "Yes" meaning we'd like to go back to work. everal ot er division: h-ve re chad the same verdict, but I don't *now how the rest turned out vet. Probably this will mar: t'G turn of the tide— and a'll he ble to live more happily and more harmoniseuly in spite of adverse conditions, lere's hoping i

It's so col now that I rarely step my foot outside t'^e -o out unless absolutely necessary. Put to;׳ door. I on't morro if the ice rink if irozen at block 6— we're %oin% ice skating. I sure need the exercise bad. I seldom see the old facee and it's a pleasant sur rise hen I bump into them at meetings or at th canteens.

1 ^ueas the majority of tha niseis are studying Japanese in their spare moments and going to Japanese schoola. T ese schools h;ve been set up by ardb basis nd I'm a stu ent in this Dai san 8hate-3a^*e Kokumin Ga':ko" (Notional People's c ool o. 3, This was written in Japanese characters). I'm learning f o i t ic botto < up.

e all no. have an identific tion badge made of ce luloid (e n!n like the folio sketch: (sketch inserted here.:׳׳׳so Doesn't it re ind you of a rogue's gallery wit' the license numb r l front or us hangina round our necks? They have a er of sets of our finger-prints too. This was done>־?oou um oi .!׳ a ״he processed. also got a &e kic ׳ 1' rful li eess staring up t u . unny— so e had׳ end׳, our _ 1 ou he rd of ;11 the־׳ t eir eyes closed in their picture. II ve new imp ovc ents around erc^ e've yot nice rets of high ire fences up^Tront--so e cun' go to the ^d. area or the horpitnL at Mill. ord 7 is no co pi tcly shut ff fron the re t by here they'll put׳ four forces all around it J 1 prosuie this is t*e agltitors. Don't know for sure ho ver. nta -as filly geierour to ne this ye r H So Xnas j Ye.-r's׳ brou ht ne joy aid h ypiness in being re ie bered. N e also gave ne a ne friend. i^id I tell you I recently started to correspond ith ;Iruo (Hilo) your brother? Toshiko Ihriba ave him ny adare s when !־־t ey net ii Jerome. I was c rtriiiy surprised to he r fron hi tut e briny buck memories of thos good ole' d y. Chore 'nuf. He's really a classic nosic lover, isn't he?

s. * ill yon please give׳I'n r iclo^ioy r. couple of pictur y Lozuna. Tell hr! I־*one of the baseball tea pictures to Jln ne ..׳ r— no alibis. J hnny i ote a s k e־׳nt to send it earli.׳.e to do so sone tine ago. I hope he hasn't heat !e to it. If .e others for yourself׳'ke t׳;o^'d care to, you ay t־ -ain־״ I've heard that reorge '*akao and ilnckio and the re d of about eleve׳ ing Downbeats h!;ve orrani^ed a dsnce b pieces, but so far they've ^ad no4 o'po tun tty to play.

till oe the fence as׳ bout ny heart affair--! ues I'n ,e o t yet— **aybe broken״׳t know it'll co'׳״ you put It. Do .to all ׳:r don't k-iov. Ch ,rll--'"orry ne'. '*or- , rgard

'By — ; id I hope t hear a eii fron oeu.

Al . ys jurt, 'achi (COPY)

Feb. 2T, 1^4<

Hello rasa— It's swell of you to take tine to write to me. The card you enclosed slowing the Latin Quarter i very interertiny. I can see— it must be really a beautiful p3?&- place. Cosh! It lust be a heavenly feeling just to be i a pi ce like t'at! I busy— or an I busy! This block now has two clubr— einen Kr.i end a Jcsei Club end your; truly is rtost־; *a -Mu unfortunately the elected president of the latter. It sure is ssful club going— especi lly so׳ a headache tryin to get a sue becaus t e usage of Japanese is quite essential in order to seriously ,״ formulate any plans for future activities and I a ­andic pped in that line, *hat a h adac^el This coning Satur׳ day is our candlelight installation ceremony and preparations are bcin made for it. Since thr curf waQ lifted— dances, movies and e gei :ais re comin * back. rur block feinen -b. i presented the first engei :ci since the curfe was lifted and it was a /owi I was so ny talents anon - our block residents! e ׳surpri. oa to sc ,is׳ !ncers— actors--nnd nusicians--and nagici׳:t,ve sin e :— d ore etivities.״־ etc. I ues we can expect more programs and i. *.s for he Josei?:— ur activities mi ht׳.I־ from t ie einen d because of my inade uate knowledge of׳.*-be some hat restrict ever thing and poor le dership--but since 've sumed the responsibilities of !resident '11 have to do ny best.

but there d nces ,׳;I've cttended a couple of dances 1 tel ertainly aren't any bin like t'e ones e used to enjoy. T e newly orra lined lo.nbeats a e dotnr pretty good, ut t e y ״haven't quite * reached the standard set by Riki. Incidentall cin under n״ nlright for himself by ־ iki is doin״ I heard .׳ assume n me of )ick ' on The flacky snowfl kes falling so gracefully is really a si ht to behold. e had the heaviest sno.; all during the part couple of d! ys but as yet it hasn't exoeeded the snowfall of last season. Since?* there aren't any young bloods like .umi Yabe or Toshi Natba or lolen to hang around with, I'm getting to feel mo:e i dylike (if you c.-n possibly c 11 ri that )--at any rate I d n't thiik I'm quite as rowdy as before. Girls round here ere so courteous and properly racious and well-iannered that I feel awfully awkward ana unrefined in their company.

It ? ׳ose ulta-^ap nese word׳'Can you ina ine me saying t .is I have to learn some words any y״׳se tis has lust finished making herself one of those shell corsages and it do sn't look bad at all. '.hese women ate so cleve --it's marvelous the ay they c n turn out original and n ot'ur o n--n<- nt . ^ ey ׳ ־ clever corsagor, i pel piic— gadget Oc to *״ still cell their ^ares t p ices ra^ginr lortly f r c 1. 00*.

The *anz. nr? people camc in last eek— and 'n curious as a bug to see what these peo.le lo : like. I heard rtorics of ho tall and ark s ell as -ood loo ing th gals and fellas are. Kinda rugged— they say.

ith the kibeis and this׳.,ell— I'n : otting alon famously i block since the cngei kai, and I find they aren't such had fell:s once you help them i,-.ke it easier for them to talk to us a id vice versa. e h ve to go half way in lost thing:: I .־׳ !n run ore sioothly and successful׳a:e t'e״ uesa, in order to

I do appreciate your ever reading ,ords of encnura enent. Jon't worry--the only concern I have in over ny Jeianerc Je-aons nd the club.

elJ.--'bye now— Leg^rds to jeki, Jinny and all I kno .

- ever ־:... rachi (COPIES) Howard M. Imuzeki 4b0 L Strret Sacramento, Calif. April 31, 1?42

Dr. Goro !*uramoto, President Japanese-^merican Citizens league 1309 1/2 Fourth Street Sacramento, California

Dear Dr. Muramoto:- It was good of you to call me up over the phone this afternoon to notify me of your league's reaction to my letter to Dr. Van Den Berg in regard to the typhoid inocu­ lation project. I am assuming, of course, that it

To you, as president of the Ja.'anese-Anerican Citizens Lei ue, .e look up to you for leadership. God bless your leadership, as we pray for the divine guidance on the leadership of President Roosevelt in this time of emergency.

Very sinoer ly yours,

Imazeki .*־ Howard iacramento, Calif. (COJY) Howard r* Imazeki 430 L stre e t Sacrament j, Calif. April 1 , 1 42

Dr. illian Van Den Ber:, President Sacramento County Medical Association Medioo-Dental Building. Sacra lento, California Dear Dr. Van Den Berg:- It has cone to my attention today th:t Japanese־tie typ.oid inoculation project, being sponsored by a Christian church group, for the Japanese people here in propa- r tion for their evacuation soon was suddenly called off e professional׳׳Saturday morning due to your complain on so grounds. I have learned that the project is being c-rricd on ^ith the wholehearted endorsement of the artine -hose hand lies the resp n׳,'! Civilian Control dministr tion, in sibility of riving every aid and comfort to the Japanese evacuees, nd 1th the full autho iz;.tion of the county nealth officials. I have alsr learned t iat !-.everai youn< J: icnese­ me rican doctors ere givinr their nodical service ratis with atient paying a nominal sut of one d o llr for throe;׳ every successive injections, although uch a service ch r :e from .rs under rdinary conditions is live doll rs׳ ordinary 3oct Your complaint, I have gathered, is based on the fret that these young doctors are Inexperienced and the service oharge of one dollar, which is to defray the expense of purch sing typhoid serun by the church gr up, is not en u h under your conception of t e professional ethics of medicine. I was deeply shocked to learn of this incident. 1 an sorry to st te but I have utterly failed to understand your point of view and an forced to question your good pr fessional ethics. Perhaps you may not understand the terrible mental and spiritual ordeals we re undergoin in this colossal mass evaou; tion, not to mention the fact th-:t our f th is׳: en tire economic found tion is being uprooted bee: use nilitary order. Plea:e understand th t I am not criticising the order itself,-because we are trying our utmost to comply . ith the government orders so that its military c. miai n would e are taking it ^ith the idea ׳ .not be jeopardized in any ,ay our country in v^ar. e are trying to take it without ,׳;el. in׳ of malice an without rancor. All ki'ds of sufferings are inci­ ! ar. e knov. i t׳> dental tr any

The physic 1 welfare aspcct of this evacuation is a great problem to the CC^ ana to the ev cuees o !r: elver . To give some easure of help to the 'CCA and to the evacuees, I am cure, the churoh r up h roposed to sp or tie inoculation project. It is a worthy project. e are ;11 appreciative of it.

Your complaint that the youn doctors are inexperienced is roundloss in this time of emergency. Ihey have been graduated from medical rchools and have passed the state board examination. Lome of them have already been con­ nected uith county hospitals, Jerhaps they !ay be inexperienced r ־in- them to perform ia־ in ny .;ay;. But we re not : s operations. e are only asking then to give us a imnle medical practice of iijection. Any graduate nurse c n do Lt any tiie. ^nd this ir not "a y tine." This is emergency! The

Very sincerely yours,

־ d 1 Imaze&i־I?o*.-jar Sacramento, Californi ( - *award ?*. in,zokl L ;treat ׳0;4 acrunrnt , :alif. p ril 1 , 1 <12

Dr. illi: Van ;on Her , !o:idont iacr n a to Ctunty Medical ..a a oi^tion ?odloo-.,cit i uiidin . acr onto, California Do r :. a Den Her

It h r cone to iy attention today tf! t t i tya i! iioulati n project, bci i . pon!or*;d by a .Tt/an e ^nristian church ;*r^up, for the Ja r ^ 1 po in propu­ r tion f r their evacuation soon .,as suddenly called <*! to your no lain on so & professional ׳!aturd y naming du .ro.m.;s״

I have learned th t th! reject ia boin o!״ f the a r t i׳> rted ondorR&nent״.c rr^od on Hith tho wholeho -i lies the rc^n n!׳ ti !, i ״Civilian L 'ltr 1 t every aid and eonf-rt to the Ja-aneae *׳fibHity of Ivin aalth!״ nu ^t ! i fu i ut'ia i,. . tion t i- county ,^׳׳Y 6*10 -;>״ >! ?arn!;d t at aevorol youn,׳>I '!ave alf l * ״' ' . - ith׳.. n-vi-.;e ra tia.׳ir nodical a״*׳׳t *״Ivin*׳ n-^riean d^ct.ra ..er every -:ticn t payinr : my Una 1 :-u of one !*,n - for three ^ ׳״rvtoc a׳׳ a ׳״i '!atio n , it ! u t ua ׳׳f;lv׳:u:ic3׳.- . ;׳I .!־^,״ordi-nr-y ^Ct rs 4 1 or rdiiary C dlti t L: iiv d

... v-ur co-.laint, I h-v t'!erad, i! bason dcotora are tnexperienoed and the ״e fa at t-iat fiere ycun!־ on t je of one dollar, hich ia to array th<=- expeiae of׳service c r o' ureh *r u , i not n a h ׳rurc a i n typh id !eru y h unjr.-i y concaptifin i t o ir foisional ethic of !nedioin . as deeply shocked to le^rn of this׳ I , , to ׳.failc ־ I a .rry t t te but I h.ve utterl un ier: t *nu y ur point ?1* vin? nd ai forced to aueation vour .ct-hici ׳! aaa pr roasi 1^

. icr!t.- ps you № y not underat: nd the de!ls wo re underlain in thin׳?i ntal id piritu 1 o !?.׳t ri A I colour; 1 nars avacu ti n, n t to nontlun l ie f at ti t our entire cc n ic f! uno ti< ! ia betnr uprooted bee use f thin A.iit ty er cr. la. o un erntand th t I an not ariticiatn, iy״ use wo are tryin* our utm at to o׳ elf, brc״tir O 'der it with the rovcrnment orders no that ita mil it ry c m aim t.ould idea ׳< ^ ׳ not !:.J jeopa , ^ ny ay. c rc t ii it it - i'' . e are trying t , t ,:o it ^tdout ­rm ji ׳n an , ithout r:,no: r . A ll ki ds 1 Uif rna *iti ^ .. ׳ ׳ ] it"' -

T*'o rhyaio 1 wolf -re aa * at <.f th s evacuati-. n i t- nt problem to the CCA an to the ev cuoes lelp to he and to tho ׳ure I? ׳ ׳ ; ivc a ;׳ . o :r r^v oncti to r ! or׳^ev oueer, j a i ^yt , .ho cmroh г щ ! ro ot. re 11 ׳the inoculation pr joot. It i? j .Г it׳ a'^r-ci tive

plaint that the yaun dootrr are׳ ar oo ׳V inexperieioad i! rounjlcar in thin tine af emergency. A^ey :׳h; v<- boon araduata(i from r'to. iot l LC^oolH and have raised th -rd examination. ^hem have already been con׳state bo neotod uith county hospital:, . я they чау be inexperienced a.' r; ׳ ׳t'!n<4 to pcrl't ; ".;׳ i r ־*״- a nat "*lilli

I hareccb у u to r!c nrider cur can- d 'U ' !Hty ׳>rpl".K״ ^ r ts i' lo t ׳al . ' in in h 1? .! e tic ־.'.!-!־'Г "i.;..׳ ״; а:, ну־.:״' ""' i.Ll״

,-״:. - ',l.r ׳ ־*ary ׳ ',l.r - ,-״:.

־ InaKel^i ־.־ *I'^ol-artf acran ntc, Califorai: ^'inld Note; : )eo. , 1P4:,' ttuni ־i'*

ic in ׳ I soiehow h!.ve a varue feelinr th:t tho gen r? l pu" rd t ic nisei, ;ince all thin publicity ״.׳־ore nnt-goniotio to!׳ about tho iule lok riot. I think the o have been more fttaoks on Anorlcan Ja ? ne^c than there avc been m Jap; none a lien s. t tho most riounized nicoi arc the ׳he agitators are saying t'i־*- orioa so well. hen people ׳* most d ngerousy beoauoe the know st; rt arguing like that, you haven't got a chance to win. If you .icric nized, you're a spy:*׳ are Japtnosy, you're a Jap. If you're this talk about the Ja s heinc cunning, is getting under ״11 ny akin. hen I went into the waeh room today, I was thinhing about this and I had vivid images in ny mind bout a race riot. Lo ohow there see s to bo nore tension in the air and the bio -up !ay cone anytime. I could just picture the ^eral ^Norican att: c;:in( tho nisei b./ ide tifyin the i with enomiea ju t like t ev did in today'r paper, /,s I stood there, I had pictures n my imagination of celling tho FBI to toll thnm that t ie ^erald ^mo on war subversive for rtirrinr up rtico riotr. I cot a good St being given a sentence in׳el of Aftiaihotion of im rinini Men׳־׳d c urt for seditl-n." iold Notes: ^ec. 0, 1943 Cii utani

ntoei. I gueaB ׳?th ׳w it ׳I don't k ow what' tie natte" oy shouldn't. I ow a fellow׳׳'they're ju t afraid t not Ilk t and wan riding ou of town. To c uld ״v״ rt on thr ron׳ who

ht fter he ^ot out of the 1 op״i״ tten off t^c station.־״. h-ve ve aeked״.because hn knew he wns on the wmnr tr in. Ho could h a* to ns'r whn -e ho w ntod to ce but he d id n 't hevo the׳the c nduct .to the end of th line ""׳ f*uts to do it. Ho junt nnt oi the -that h- had nnde a n is ׳.׳He was ju rt too proud to le t anyono !:no taico. "hen he got to the end of the lino ho ot a tax i and rode to t e place whore he or colnc. It cost hin eidht bucks. Thr *uy is crazy."

% too: Jec. C, 1"*4 . ״ Field rhib.tani

e a lot of׳I don't think that the n'sr-i are ntupid. They ha"

ccrmon sense. The eth er ni ht about 10 of u felloes ..cit over to

a oou le's pl:ce to ploy poker. 11 the fclloue except ne lived in the sa. e pi ce but about one o'clock when we were !pin hone, wc didn't th leave the pi ce torether. Ho ody said cny^hin , and

nobody told thn others to split up or anyJiiw: like th t. 1 roe of t e felloes went out ^ irst and they took one stre t o r to hone. fter about five ninutes three More fellows Kent out to take unoth&r st eet err hone. b ut half hour later two more iollo .a took the came street oar as the first tuce cusy and about

10 li ^tes after that I left with the last two &uys and took the ot *: route. Nobddy had to say anythin , because it was under­ s seen torether at the״stood t ; t a lot of boochie: should not boe st !e tin e. The guys had sense enough to know th at nuch and they acted oo rdi tcly. Field notes ShMtuteni, 1/32/44

I wont over th the ! RA office at 10, but Ilclcn ffiyeohi w asn't there. I decided that she would probably be in soon so th e t I nay as well writ for her. As I wes sitting there I counted 20 N isei in the waiting roon waiting! for interviews. I looked over the f i l e cabinets and saw th a t there were only two interviewers who were orkinc. nrs. Isuni was chattinc very pleasantly with a couple of othor V.R/i employees and the c lr ls wore s ittin g oround falkinc to each othor. Thank i;od no ono was roadin newspapers.

1 got tired of waiting so A struck up a conversation ith the fellow who was nittinc; next to no. Ho hrd been waiting for two hours. His mno was Takata end he said that he was from tockton. Ho raid that ho wee originally in Gila end then went out for boot work in Idaho. Lo said ho cane here because he knew thoro was plenty of nisei hero: "Chicago sure hen a lot of soot. I hoerd it res <3irty but I didn't think it wan this bed. I don't nind it no much though. I don't know whet I'm folnr to do rirht now. I just rot out of hifh chool before cvecuetion and I'm not trained for any kind ero premised e couple of lobs here׳. of work except feminr. ' o but when we ret here ^e found out that a couple of fellows rot in choad of u s. no we were ju st out of luck. I don't know what's the natter with the UHA. l a would have co c evon without the jobs, but since they ronined us wo had noiethinf to look fcward to. How we just don't feel so hot. I'n living at a Dlaoo they c a ll the Congress Annex. There rmst bo ebout 40 - Ise i living in thet place. God, a lot of fellows livo there. I hear there ore a lot of Stockton fellows living together down on the southside." I waited until 11 o'clock and still no olont so I dooidod ­o ho::e. V.hen I fot hone I found that Toni's cousin was visi־) to ting* During the course of the conversation 1 found out that ho wen livinf- at Gom roon Annex too. He seid that thcro wore only about :35 follows there, but he felt that that was too neny to bo .f together״livi "I had a ruptured appondtx two months rfo end I'n reelly in a hole now. One of the fellows drove no to a hospital and ho took mo to tho w onr ono, but ny stonech hurt so *uch that ^ nouldn t &0 to the ono where thero were a lot of nisei working. I didn't hrvc eny in urerce or anything So it really cost no e lot. I hod to soli my car tho othor day. I junt couldn't afford to pay for the license any moro. I'n out of work now. I was norklnd as orh is too borosono. 1'^ like these״ a shipping clerk, but tho other Jans. I welkod. out in two weoks. I don't know whet to do, but I know I don't have to worry about property or anything, - o sold everything end wo were lucky bocause the curorjbos _ (Hcfroos) aro now taking over Japanese places end I don't think tho prices will be no hif'h after tho war. " "h butani ?ield ^otes: July 20, 1944

1 went over to see Yatebe and he said tbat he waa thi;iking of getting the

JACI orgaiized. I asked hin why he didn't go ahead sad do so but he rpplied that he WHS getting much opposition from the los Angeles group. He s?-id it was just a natter of personality and I gathered from what he said that by Los Angeles ,roup he W9S referring to Togo. He raid: "I w^nt to get together soie of the old boys

ani7e. They'll be the behind the scenes Loys. '?e're ^11״who knew how to or blacklisted, le've been nade the scapegoat for the evacuation and that's why some

young fellows are going to have to be the front for us. "e have to be ״of th careful in the people we asex select though because we don't want to run into the saie trouble that the J&CD r^n intc. That's a piAk old organization. K-oep this under your hat, but just bftveen yon and ne i ' l l te ll you about that. 'e sent out letters to get sponsors for our group and several of them wrote back and asked us

­Jew York group since thert- was only one letter differ׳ i f we were the sa le as the ence. They said that they would not support p. Comnunist organization. e ha e to

s us״.that the word 'Japanese' mah *.׳think of th° public relations angJe. I uno look bad and ?one people htve been saying that we LU^ht to change our uane. How­ ever, we can't change now because we h ve a good reputation with the government."

This really disgusted ne because Yatabe was s t ill talking about the same

uff he used to tal* about on the coast. The trouble with all these guys.׳'trivial s is tbet they have a !'tihonmachi mentality ad a li t t le Tokyo perspective and with

big tine world. They're only 20 ״ it they are blindly trying to get along in yea^a b^ind tine and they don't know it.

Then i went over to the '"RA end saw Frank. "'hile we w=TK copying the re­ cords Booth cane storming along and said he was never so nad in his life . He said

n phoninr hin all afternoon but he refused to talk to״that I lli tois Central hed be hin. Ve asked him what was up and he told us that the i.C. bad sent a recruiter out to canp who was unusually successful. He said that this big Irishman nust have promised everything because in a few weeKs he got more people signed up than any other recruiter. did ot clear with the union or the "RA. The; ^ro!iised housing but that housing was sub-standard and act fit for human habitation. Fur­ thermore, the union had announced that they would go on a strike tomorrow if the

Nisei go to work, le must get housing for those boys and we must get then new jobs even if we have to close up our office toiorrow to do it . i told those boys

that I told them that. And ׳. not to go to work tomorrow but I didn't te ll the I.C so now, that there is such a !ess, the personnel aan i calling frantically, but

er. I'm not going to answer. I'm just going to let them swea'.. let״.׳?i won't an then thin- thet there'n going to be a big strike tomorrow anc! then next time they'll see things better, i'll see this thing through cr I'll resign from my job."

(This is the first "RA version cf the l.C. incident, i'her are five other versions nvail^ble in the TRA files.) Shi^utani 11-9-44

THE INDEFE.'iDETr NISEI VOTERS CM'AITTEE OF CHICAGO

Contrary to general expectation, there was considerable more interest in the

1944 election on the part cf the Nisei than there had been for any of the previous contests. This was not only because the Nisei were able to vote for the first time but also because it was believed by many that their personal fates and fortunes rested to some extent upon the outcome of the balloting. As early as the end of

July, the American Comnonwealth Tarty was actively recruiting Nisei votes.

One of the outstanding advocates of the program cf the /\CP was Mr. Kawano, a student of the ministry at the University of Chicago, Kawano had been a Socialist before the war and sought to organize the Nisei for a third !:arty. He openly de­ clared that a third party would not have a chance to win ia the praseut election but could . et enough votes to qualify as a major party in the next election. The position of the Auerican Commonwealth Party wan that there was ao outstanding difference between the two major parties and that both of them were the tuols of capitalistic interests. Therefore, Kawano said, thst it would be to the interest of the Nisei to vote fcr the third party which would have a militant program for racial equality. Because of his connections with religious ??roups, &awano see is

r ׳to have been successful, at least in urging people to register. Several oth persons active in church work became Nisei precinct captains and sought the support of Maynard Kreuger for the Southside Congressional district.

This move, however, did not get a very stronr following among the Nisei.

There were some devout Christians who became passively interested and p rhaps even registered to vote but there was very little in the way of active caopaiga- ingi fur the ACP candidates. As the election date approached, late ia October and early in *tovenber, the najor discussion naturally centered around Pewey and loosevelt. A larye number of Nisei apparently felt that Roosevelt had caused the evacu tion and therefore sere advocating some change. They were also accusing the president of being responsible for the Nisei draft and blamed hiii for the desth of the boys overseas. Since he had presumably harmed the Japanese in this wa\, and since he had always advocated a strung foreign policy in the Far ^ast, Mr. Hoose- velt became very unpopular among the Nisei. Since so many Nisei had registered to vote, the party worker?, both Republic and Democrat, went out of their way in aany of the precincts and lade special effort to woo the Nisei votes. On the whole, the

Nisei agreed to aliost anything the preciact captain said and in one area in the near North, both the Pepublicans and Democratic precinct captain insisted that every single Nisei was on their side. On October 25 a definite move was initiated to channelize the '!isei votes.

The initiative cane from :sirs. Eileen XyzxXKikBp '.?eiskopf, a local Chicago

Nisei girl married to a Caucasian. She had a reputation of being a Communist and was in contact with the Illin ois Independent Voters league and with the Deiocratic iarty nachine. Since she had been away from Chicago from the time before the o^t-

bre^k of the war, she did not k ow where to oegin and contacted George Akahoshi whoa she knew to be a Roosev-it supporter. Akahcchi, however, being a ral

em loyee, aa unable to take active part in the campaign because of the restrict­

ions in the Hatch Act. He therefore suggested several names of persons who tdght

be interested and on Octuoer 27 a meeting was held at the home of George Yasu-

,ir. and virs. Yasur.ochi׳ ,Aeisdopf, J!r. Barry SaiKi־ .kochi. Tho^e present were ilrs

aid Tom ilhibutaai. George Anahoshi dropped in but did not take active part in the

discussion. R

At first the plan was to inviLe a il the registered voters of Japanese an­

cestry to a forum. Arrangements were made for the rental of a hall and Mrs.

eiSiiopf naiaged to get a pledge of '50 for expenses froi the Illin ois indepe dent׳

Voters league. The plan was to have two Nisei, one Republican aid one Deiocrat

and posaioly one representative of the \C? deoate the caipaign issues. This group

of New Deal war quite confident that no matter how good the Republican represent­

ative was the Re ublican position c^uld not be defended rationally. The najor

difficulty in this plan, however, was that no Repbulican speaker c^uld be found,

i t was found that the J'-CI- was supporting the Deiocratic candidate because of

­rr., pre׳ricker's statement. .<9rs. eisROpf spent half tne evening, phoning ev^

fer sional Nisei nen in town and most of th^n, eve.i those who had alwa 3 been

Hepublican oefore, declared that they were snpportin, Roosevelt, consequently, the only Republican that could be found were perscns who were not well informed

and who were not faniliar enough Kith the issues to debate agaiist a weil-infoned

dr. Yasukochi. Aiother difiiculty was that the major opposition to a־ pe s<,n like

Deaocratic platform would probably not cone frora the Republicans but froa the So­

cialists. In spite of the fact that many Nisei were 3epuLlicaas, they were ^ot the

ki.*d of i'fisei who Aould stand up at a public aeeting and spea^ u^. Cn the other

-lo״ hanc, son? of the supporters of the A^e ican Coaionweilth ^arty were ruite

C^ was that of׳ uent. ince the only argument th^t could be advanced against the.)

expediency, it was decided that it would be unwise to hold such a neetinp.

f-^r inch deliberation, it was decided that a pamphlet would be nailed to

every roistered Nisei voter in the area. At first ther was sum? question as to

Metier the panphlet should deal Kith th? cnpaign issue or whether it should deal״

with the questions of what the election neant to the Nisei. The letter ap roach

was selected. Cut of recognition of the fact that nest Nisei ware !ot in the

slightest bit interested in the najor national issues, and would vote in accord­

night do for their o n good, in order׳ ance to what they thought e^ch candidate

s decided that the^׳to protect the group that wa;: sponsoring the panphlet, it

major nation-1 issues would bez stated and that retards aade by the various can­

didates toward the Nisei would be cited 5s an example of what e-'ch side had to sqy

R&th reference to the xexi question of race relations. Mrs. "eisa.opf was assigned

.sk of getting the names and addresses of ail Nis^i registered voters. 4r->;׳ the

Shibu ani was assigned the task of getting the quotations of the statements of the

various cinlidates and nr. Tarukcchi was given the responsibility for drawing up

­final copy. Mr. ?ai.i offered the fa cilitie s of the Chicago YM for the re ״th

.the pshphlet and the typing of ^ddres'es ׳^producing o

Since there were so many precincts in Chicago, it was decided that it would be s ,f icient to go *hrough the "Tards in which the Nis^-i were knovn to be con-ea- tra'ed. Seve -^1 hundred nqmes and addresses were acquired. (These lanes will te avr lable to the study.) hese nanes were K acquired with the assistance of the

rty through one of the judges, ^ate'-ials were also gathered from the׳He iocratic 3

..1( politics! action comnitte-^ and the attached pamphlet w^s fi ally daxn dravn up. Xxx One copy was seat to each separate suraaie aM a ivea address. Since the

West ^ide is iasde uateiy covered, additional copies .?ere distributed at the churches, both Buddhist and Christian, on Novenber 5. ROOSEVELT Next Tuesday you will have equal opportunity with 50 million registered American voters to cast a ballot that shall decide who will he our na­ tion's leaders and what sort of economic, political and racial policies shall prevail in this country. TO THE NISEI, AT TO ALL AMERICANS, THE ELECTION HAS REAL SIGNIFICANCE. First we want a speedy end to this war, the destruction of fascism the world over and a United.Nations organization that will he able to create and maintain an equitable and enduring peace. The able and inspiring leadership of President Roosevelt must not be cast aside at such a crucial period for the inexperienced services of Thomas Dewey, an isolationist-supported "Me-Tooer" and misquoter. We desire, moreover, a post-war America that will provide employment opportunities to every American, an America in which freedom has the same meaning for both rich anu poor, an America that will not tolerate bigoted discriminations of race, color and religion. In the past twelve years, the Roosevelt administration has consistently fought for the common man. It has given us social security laws, minimum wage stand­ ards, unemployment compensation, slum clearance and better housing, NYA training, the right of labor to organize, TVA and other progressive measures. The attitude of our leaders towards minority groups is a true test of their democrat­ ic beliefs and of special interest to the nisei. Since the outbreak of war' Americans of Japanese ancestry have become the center of widespread attention. In this parti­ cular instance, what have our candidates said? The records speak for themselves. we shaii״ THOMAS DtWtY PRESENT ROOSEVELT During a news conference in restore to the loyal evacuees the right San Francisco, Sept. 21, 1944, to return to the evacuated areas as soon Dewey was asked about the Jap­ as the military situation will make Buch anese Americans. Rather than resettlement feasible. . . (Americans of make a forthright statement, he merely Japanese ancestry) have shown that they announced his intentions to confer with can, and want to, accept our institutions G^v. Warren and Lt. Gov. Houser whom he and work loyally with the rest of us, considered experts on the problem. making their own valuable contribution to the national well being. In vindication EARL WARREN Republican Governor for the very ideals for Warren is the same person whom Carey Me which we are fighting, it ??illiams in his latest book "Prejudice" is important to us to main­ cites as the most forceful advocate of tain a high standard of the evacuation of the Japanese from the fair treatment for the peo­ Coast. Warren has said: ple of this minority as of "When we are dealing with the Cauca­ all minorities." (Letter to the Senate, sian race, we have methods that will Sept. l4, 1943) test the loyalty of them. . . But when "The proposal of the War Dept, to orga­ we deal with the Japanese we are in an nize a combat team consisting of loyal entirely different field and we cannot American citizens of Japanese descent has form any opinion that we believe to be my* full approval. . . No loyal citizen of sound." (Tolan Hearings, Feb. 21, 1942) the U.S. should be denied the democratic right to exercise the responsibility of FMDiHiCK HOUSER Th. i.t. cv., his citizenship, regardless of ancestry. now running as Republican nominee for The principle on which this country was U.S. Senator, said in Alturas, Aug. 2S, founded and by which it has always been 1944: "You in Modoc County know better governed is that Americanism is a matter than most Californians the character of of the mind and heart; Americanism is not, these people with whom we are at war and and never was, a matter of race or ances­ how little they can be trusted, yet the try. (Letter to Secretary of War Stimson administration is ready to turn the Japs on Fob. 1, 1943) loose in our communities as soon as the November election is out of the way." HAROLD L. !CKES Roosevelt's Sec­ JOHN BRKIKER retary of Interior replied to the race -----The Republican candidate baiters in a statement to the press, for Vice President at the April 29, 1944: "When the Governor L.A. Town Hall On April (Bricker) told a group of Californians IS, 1944, declared: that they were wholly justified in pre­ "As far as the resettle­ venting an American citizen from return­ ment of the Japanese after the war is ing to his home, his farm, concerned, I believe that is a matter or his business because that had best be left to each community. they didn't like his com­ . . We had good reason to suspect that plexion or his grandfather, the espionage among the Japanese in this the Governor deliberately country prior to the war was well orga­ kicked the Constitution in nized and widespread." the teeth." The record shows that a group of Republicans, with the aid of anti-Administration Democrats like Dies, Rankin and Costello, have persistently confused the issue by mistakenly identifying the nisei with the enemy. They have tried to gain votes by waving the flags of prejudice. The nisei have been fortunate in being defend­ ed by fair-minded Democrats such a3 Congressmen Eberharder, Rogers, Dickstein and Thomas Ford. Thousands of nisei are fighting, and dying, overseas in the gallant faith that they are offering their own lives for a better America in which their loved ones may enjoy just and equal treatment. We on the homefront must not break faith with them. Our every effort must be put forth in building a more democratic America with leaders whom we can trust. We, the Independent Nisei Voters Committee, therefore urge you to vote for the candidates listed below and to influence all your friends to do likewise.

PRESIDENT FRANKUN D. ROOSEVELT

VICE PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN

U.S. SENATOR GOVERNOR OF ILLINOIS Scoff Lucas Thomas Courfney REPRESENTATIVE-AT-LARGE STATE'S ATTORNEY fmi/y Taff Doug/as W/'№am Tuo/iy CONGRESSMEN: 1st District WILLIAM L, DAWSON 2nd District WILLIAM A, ROWAN 3rd District EDWARD KELLY 5th District ADOLPH SABATH 8th District THOMAS GORDON $th District ALEXANDER RESA 10th District CURTIS D. MAC DOUGAÍL

ITTEF^׳'׳riEPS CC׳T׳'FE3 -׳CHICACt

The Chicago Resettlers Ccmittee had its origin in the discussions held y

Harry V-^yeda, Dr. Jncoby, 'r. ""hirrell, Rev. \1 !on-ader, a ll !.f when ^w/-re v it­ ally interested in the ncre ef icient use of the r-ervice available in he c it\ of

Chicago for the well-^eing of lieei resettl-rs. A snail prou, of "iaei net in- for wJlr a :;d talked ever the possibility of for nine a coinittee sc leahat like that functio..inr in 'Ailaukce. Fi.ally on June 27, 1944, 13 Nisei net at the Central

ayeda was ohaiman and it was decided that a coordiaatint !rou aade!׳ Harry .׳*״׳ ?

.d groups should oe sent up״up of recognized representatives of various intere?t

At first there was luch discussion oa the question of how the group could be rep­ resentative but it was finally decided that no single coanitte^ cculd pcssitly be rejresentative ef the 'i-ei and it ^as decided that the grou would frankly be

a? decided that si.ee ׳ labeled as uein mde ^p of "interested persons". It

willing: to ״there w e plenty to be do!e, aid si^ce there vere !any .eopie who wer hel , the thing that Hissing was coordination. Cn this note, the third neet- ing zeaded.

.'e "ark 'MC?׳.;״ the follo-i^f. ni'.ht the South .*^ide aresz groip wt at the ^0

Thir nast be c nsidered in connection with th* Pesettlers Boaaittee partly because ii was one of the groups sponsored uy the RA which was to be a,"feeder

.rs Co nitt°e. The plan as it ^as conceived by 'r״organisation" for the erettl

s that there sho Id be lan; sn^ll Nisei rroups and t at ׳and Pr. Jacoby w ־^.?nya!.

ch o t into theJr respective joiauiities. !ea each roup׳״roups should r '׳?he^

JObj and׳׳r. J ׳uld sead a delegate to the- .'entral Co mittee. At this tpetin.׳Ct

nd 10 Nisei w^re resent. Dr. Jacob su ges ed having a delegate״ r. 'r ,ton*

tion^ but with no o-er to do״riag house for iafori׳assei ly to serve as n cje

s to!־^ was interested in ^׳e frankly ad litted that one thin/, that h^׳ .anything

lake ssible a greater e change of ideas and infer iati n between the H\ and the

d a coinitte* of Stuth riders was appoin ed״tin v

,as akai״ to set up a prograi for tLe group. Ihe persons who were ap oint^d were George Aitahoshl, 1'arr., ai^i, and To! Shibu^ni. This cotnitt^-e aat on July 10 at the hoae of one of th^ neabers. Helen *Riyoshi happened to drop ia for a vis t that night and the five discussed the pro{ ran. it war- decided that it would be

a the only״merely retting a hure group of uninterested peo le at nee having dances x way to attr^dt auch a group. It was finally agreed that on attenpt should Le nade to get a snail group of people who were sufficiently interested in various proclens t

­ aovenent was "asPi i l־ gr^is fro*a tia f to tirv3. Sinee th^ keynote of si) of this

t through such diacupsions at least soae cf ^he ersons״lation , it was prgud th

with Caucasians thereby fa c ilita te ״i! uld develop a connon untvers- of discours

v, repre^e.ntativ^a of each group went to the ׳On the following d ..׳׳ s s in ila tio״

Chice o Re ettlers Comittee meeting and it was not long thereafter that the two

ron 3 been !? nerged.

Ln July 11 a second large neeti.ig of the .(esettlers o o n ittee ;ad been plan­

ir aan and ne a Sited for ׳yeda war again ch.׳׳. .ned byt only 1J persona appeared, :iar

,rou s which had sent delegates׳-. r e a c ts iron the various

:r. ii.enji ^aka.e said that he Lad no organized ,roup. Uowver, ':*? had st rted a discussion group which had gro^n to tie po.nt where they were able to have a fe^ socials. He s t -at the people in hi^ , ron^ were free to join a.iy

t the ׳ everyone, iie declared .׳r-ups that they wished and hir* group w- s o^en t ain was %-:ssi!!ilaticn a.d e trier to propagate this a ii through .diacusaiona. Me siid that he was also concerned with probleitia such as housin! and ea, loynont.

hen Rev. :uhies ^?) of the Ariitage Chnroh said that he had a group of Tis i.

d alread.. held t'iree nestings. At first the grout was lixed but now they'׳They h

ns didn't reali e that he ain of*־׳tid tnat the O'^uc s i׳were only Nisei. The .-.ev. a the (roup wRB assinilation and that while th?.) wtlccaod the Ja,,anese, t!.ese stayed

t there a: re 60׳ ,oec^use they thought they were ant wanted. He said t ,.!״*a persons pt thair first neeting and 40 of these wer ?!eei. ne s-^id th^it tt the second leeting they had folk dancinf and had people of sshich ail tut H were

unday of next׳. ,apeti'ngs. On the firs׳ lise i. !'hey were not planning aonthly

.ar

A representative fron the !.aAson i CA said tnat his ro^. was ao^ almost non- existent because there were only 3 or 4 left. He said that th-re was a uota of

Nisei there but that they were not discouraged and were planning ^arties, foruns

aad teas. He said t at the first *us going to be a social but he was worried be­

cause there were too aaay yogores on the North 'ide.

Hunio Aoga, w o represented the Fourth i'resbyterian Church, said that a church

id trat״arbor. "e s'־ [y Issei la Chicaro s< oa after ear..׳ had b!-ea established

the congregation aVerage? abcut 6 or 70 aad that the young people'dux ?er.ice

drew a nuaared to 115 ^ach week. He said that the. nad a definite or^ani ation in

the younf people's roup wi h officers with definite re s oasiLilities. ae said

that hey had gone to the iroaontory for an outing. There were iO Nisei. He

quoted Dr. Jacoby as saying that integration war a gradual process and so there was

ao sense in having artifical groups. He charged th-t *:.he Church Federation had

accused then of bein anti-socialist and the. said, "The alwi r tell us whit not

to do but he nugrestions they aa&^= are laposri^le to do.

Sfter these reports, the following dibcussioas were eld;

- .Koide: "I'a interested in organizing a group to get the Issei out of ..anp ״Jo They er° just a? iaporta.it f! part of the Japanese population aP you oung s. I have ai even greater job because I want to integrate the 4-ssei־ fe llo e \nericaa life. Is it. possible for i? to ?crk through your ,׳into re group?" da: "I don't s e ^hy not. lie are not reoreseatatives of the peoole״Harry Aay all Japanese in Chicago. The ־*in the welfare o ^״but*w= are aH inter-'st roup is not to establish 9 ss regated grou but to further '׳purpose of th assimilation."

Hideo .?a3at.i: "It see is to a? that ?;e have two urposes. Lne is to solve the A& bj referring people to social agencies aad the other is ׳!i.Amediate probl ".iilaticn־i״t.-e lOig range policy of cocrditatiag a progrn- of as

The! Hideo Sasaki, aad isao Fuxuba introduced a resolution which read in

effect as follows: (1) A ser^ented conunit.y leads to disunity of the .ation;

(2) race prejudice is getting worse then ever; 13) the evacuation has broken up

the economic base of the Japanese comuaity; li) we need psychological co.idi6hon—

in

a froup for integration. f^roup is not aa e td in iR i*seif but onlj ^ ^ eas to

an end. oon after .hi: w s presented, !ost of the people raised the question of what the heck таг going on but Marr; , being very open-minded, agreed to take the r e l a t i o n iato conSia^ratiun. 4'hen Ton Sakai pot up aid paid t at 14 people had

let at the Y 'C\ on Congress and decided to assiiil^te цу having parties. Each

Niaei w s supposed to invited friends. He poiated out that when be firs arrivd

i Chicago everybody told h W aot to go to large 4isei groups but now they didn't

­dded, "Bat the Pacific war is yet to cone. We need aa organi״ reei to car-?. Me

public a<..out the "Tisei." Thus he unexpectedly iade - plea for ״>zation to te ll th

orrrnbation. T as, ia the aidst of a confusing wealth of arguaents. the Chicago

Re^-ttlers Conittee v=ss officially bora anf ccaittees vere appointed to outline

the ructions of the group.

.e 'Tea group again net at the liy^e . ar^ . -r׳־)Cn July 1C the South "i

if the ׳ooth ?as present this tine and said that he wanted an or anizati^n so tha

w re suddenly legislated out cf existence, no one wuuld .e left holding the ,״1.

anted׳.; ,.81СЛ. In a general dircus^ioa, the lenders of the group seated that the

״s, i l-n־*- voaated nel^inb ׳״׳to do логе tnaa siaply discuss .aattera end so.a

a .׳;housing, i irhting discriaiaation ia cases such as the Ar gon, a*d ^nn

liaison group t<. the 1R'.. Thus the question arose as to whether the South ide

ronp*should be a ervice orgaaiza-.ion or whether it should be a seli-h-'i^ or-

ni.zatioa. At this pciat the aectiar is adjourned. It i? of interest to note־-g

׳׳п׳с , ׳ that when the question cane as to what the organization should be <;^11 ujiaoto suggested the naae "The uciety for the Advancement־? yo.m fello aaied

.''׳of the Ja.aaeae.Hac

лаз held at the YVC'. for the acceptance of the ?rorraa ׳;a August 1 a aeetin)

-..jr the le ssttler s ^oanittee. it was decided that there should two su״

lied ־coaaittees, eac with a cha*.r:aan. 'fh& function .f cue sn .-co.anlttee лч с

"coordination": its task !see to gather iAfornation and then to serve a* a clear­

to ״in' hous^ for the dicreniietioa of such i.foraatioa as лчу he of ^s^l^t^-.c

r^settlers. The second c& littee is called "public relations am its was

t'.o-fold: (A) publicity and proaoti<. ., and (i) troubl'j-'hootin^. Alcn< .^th that,

it was decided that if any other sub-coanittee wus necessary wouid be appointed as

the ieed for th

,Iasuda wns over-ruled׳' tion. That led to a very technical discussion and finally

'!'hen the ann unc'ient was aade that a r. Vaden^CA was in Chicago to organize я the

Nis^i along the patterns of the N.Y. .)KCD. This led to so auch discussion that the prograiwap temporarily forgotten, it was at this meeting that a Negro represe.ita- tive of a CIO union a oealed to the Nisei to spnd a speaker to hi а gro!p. He said that the ^egro rotherhood w^uid have refused to cooperate in the i.C. difficulty had they n^own the f cts in the situation.

hile ail this wa:- oia% on, the ^outh Side *,roup, -following their nnnounced

s Committee on Rnce ׳ prcgrau, decided that they would геед sone aeaber ol the Лауо

Relations to speak ни ^ the Nisei. The request for speakers л a net so cordially

d that the outh ?ide c-mmittee pyon^or the neetii in aote ׳ f-at it was xdeci do ntc^n location and lake the speakers avs^l^ble to a city-*.T!ide audience, it was at this point that the distinction betw en the South i*ide Co.nniti.ee and the

Chic^^o Reeettiere Coiaitt.ee disap eared. 1' ere ^!ere onl^ 5 or С people o. the

ay-da'8 roup. hen these 5^׳ .South

that no ׳ or 6 people took control of the South Side ягой , the others, seein socials or large sc le housing projects w^ulr t.e ailt wed, left th. rou^. .'heae persons, anon< th^m nea Иле Joe Roide, !eorge Xasukochi, Ceor e Akahoahi, were

taittee. foaewhere׳ers in the Chicago resettlers Co^ ׳ also the outatanding le dur.nl· the pr paration for these sp^a&ers, the two (,.roups became merged intu оде.

aittee addressed a large״Cn August С Ur. eaver and Лг. alder of th? Mayor'a oo

iisei roup at the Central Y'^CA. Ur. Edwa!d ' nbr- as also to appear, out did not arrive. That was the last ^rogrsm sponsored by the ?outh 'ide grom an it has si.tee disappeared.

.ani. at ion־Y־In the middle of '*ep.tmber tre group was s t ill tal..in a^out o

r one ad ׳ho wanted to лаке sure that ev׳This was primarily bt cause of r. ayeda n a ch nee to say wha^ he want-d to s^y. . There uns soie dif icult; about this

had announced that a membership fee of 50, a ״tine. The organi a Ion conmitte

purpose ׳*year wculd b^ char cd to iasure at least sole interest in the work. 'h of this nominal fee was simply to purchase postage stamp and to tie do^n respoa- s ib ilitie s , however, when 4r. *layeda aaaonacd this arranreaeat with the Iater-

\gency Council !eating, Ar. Tana*a of the rieads ervice Remittee objected vo­

v<*aa waa ruilty of orgaaiziag a segreaated*-־ .ciferously and declared that ir

layeda ade the׳' .grtop uader the pretense that he wanted to help the n isei. Ir unfo tuaate statement that "segregat&oa is a accessary prerequ site to inte ra­ tion" ntd this state teat alaost drove '.ir. Tanaka wild. He a id that 'r. -iayeda was st^rviag the baby to *eath ia order that they aight fee it Letter food whea

Atas that of ׳res:־* rc-'S up, if it lived that lea?. Another diffionity that״ it leadership, lest of the leaders were labeled either as liberal or very pink.

J'CL ׳.r. Akahoshi ia particular /!as anxious to avoid red !aitia; tactics of tht"

ith tne Christian..׳ .ck and he suggest - d tying u׳ltho he !!as r ady to fight L״

as aot unfounded for it was actually ro ht out>״ group. This fear of red baiting by !r. <&asuda who was the only J'CL lerioer cn th-? coiaittee. ':he f^ct that r.

r^ well with the j.'.Cl !en wss overlooked and the״Aa^udr. did not act aloag v

.wo:* already red b^itin,; g.roup. .׳: .)' at th1.־׳'as isde t.״ e־־char

hea the question of finances cane up, th-= rou ia a very tlcklisl: posi- tioa .because all th? leaders ia the group at one tine or another attacked the

ho cmid aot?־ CT oa the grounds th^t they were taking aoney away fron people׳ y

...ed by r!-. Jacob ,׳=was d- 1 *> ״ ׳ce of inn״ sou ״1״ afe.o#d to pay. Finally, a oast

,"a״ p.pular sta e ausical, "();;.lah ׳nniny -ait, w':o was ^laylag the lend in th־

fore a״(:' was an old 'riead of r. Jcoby's a^d volunteered to put oa a cacert group of *enlthy peo le for the purpcs* of raising aoney for the lis e i roip.

ere^׳ it ־s n c rrfnl it ״rt light be nor־׳wever, 'r. Maye'n thoughtthat the oonc.:

ibers of׳.-co-sponsored by th* Church federation but the difficnlt; war that sui- a

pp^.rently convinced that a "saturation point" had t een!׳ the Church *deration

isei i tto Chicago,

After ucaths and aonthe of d liberation aad discussion, the stateae^t of purpose and aa outline of the functic-a end progran of ti e Chicago Reset lers Coa-

tificntioa $eet^.n !as held!׳gr^u . jte r ״littef ws ready for ratification by th jsion since the J ',Cl was ... ־ oa geptenber H7. It as held ia the aidst of !uch holding a neetiag oa the 16th floor ia the sane buildiag the sane aif?ht. Siace several of the JACL people cane iato the neetiag aad siace there were May aew-

ye!Sa explained the history of the grou: . The followlar ׳!.' .coners prepe.it, Vr discursica foUstwed:

ell uadcr .say. .'irst we wanted> ׳. .׳.Higeo *? eaKi: "The coord i .atia^ co ! ait tee is ao to to iane a stidy of liaei aeeds but ao work has beei doae aloag his line .he ) ocedares and th־ t i .fornatioa oa״Coad project waa o g ׳yet. Cur s i^sei. '.'he third ^aa to ׳ a tciea ^hich w re availaole for th׳.-, locatioa o a sarve. the recreational i *stitutions that woalf be available aad our fourth project is to cuisifTer- leans by shich to distribute this inforTition."

Rei i' ara: "The special ictivities sub-conittee \a s eea planning a tore active progrsa of integratioa. The position of nost Nisei thus far has b ea to cceat help, *?e att to becote self-3affici?at aad to give. e are now״ outlining a seriea of projects in which Nisei could contribute to the weil- e.ng of soie other gr^ap. Ia that way he could feel that he is part cf e are also working oa getting?־ .other thaa the racial oae .^!׳another gro the lead Jan of ^Cklahona' to put oa a ),rogma. Ve want to expose a nun er o iafiaeatial people to \

At thic point typewritten copies of the ,-urpocea cf tht group KM ..er= e to be i:l'ornai as possible״xplaiaed that the group w ׳ ayera׳ .paaseg out. !r

-ral gaast״ aing doa<". f**y ־ sure work.׳ ad to be s !n stability to i׳.׳' t th^re־>aac y ioac №*re raised an-i a big arganent arose over thr q jest oa *,f n-au-rship:

?re a fee׳ v- ienter*hip? hy do we have to ha־-h^ do we have to h^־" :u^uba'^ ׳־-la t this group is theor-tically־e «ill thea econe all Ntsei. i Know t'T open .at it x ill be Wisei aayasay."

a or aaizat^on can fuactioa״ nhoshi: " 'all, listen here, '1 ioa't' see how .׳ George without a aeibershi;."

3etsakc's friead: t\!isaaori Kojiaa?) "The word or aaizatioa its e lf is .ot bac. It is h faactica of the grcup that is inport.at."

word organization and the fact that we ar- coi^ectia oaea ״Isa^ -ukube: "Rut th is a nbolic of an all-Nisei club, it will be an excuse for others to or­ ganize too."

Don Ibersoi: "The f action aao purpose of on . rg^nizatio.* is .ort iaportaat. ^he functioa of a !isei orgaaiZ3tioa is to do thin, s as Nisei, for Nisei. This organi/atioa is not for that purpose. 'herefor^ the aechaaisu is aot of aay inportaace."

- hiaidzu: "What's he difff?re ce anyway? 1^ we neet, it 's a grou aa־^ Iincoln way." At this po-nt soieoae iade a .aotioa to pasn the nenoership clause aad it passed unaniaously. It weat so fast that Is^o didn't have n chaace to say no.

Thea Hraie "'akahashi rai ed the t ir d question:

Ernie "aka'aashi: "How do you define coordinating and public relations? at do you aean by assinilation? Is this group for or -gainst aay Nisei foriing groips in the city?"

Harry Aayeda: "^e are against Misei groups that i l l ead up as se rerated units, hether we're for a group or not depends upon its purpose."

Er..ie Takahrahi: "la other words, you are agaiast the church, the Y 'CA -^nd others хаз foriod but it iolced up־ line it; About a year a o a group like this he ideals were toe hith and the'׳ .o tuch opposition.׳beciuse it let t b i i the׳-itertip of th? Iisei fi .ally killed it. is thi3 just aao.her ft dark? Oa paper it looks good, 'i'her^ are ao 7000 '')isei in Chicago an ha is iiiporti^t is that׳ it's all right to talk about integration but there's a natural tendency for people to fet together, ?ast :ear every­ body thought it wer о^эу to get I.t.oei iato UauciSiaa roups. iO-!n^ that you can't shove people ia. As a racial roup «е яге backward aa^ we e till have inferiority complex. The white people we thought were friends on the coast turned out to be different. fc , ho сяа ле trust strainers."

Doa НЬегзоа: "Aay group with a purpose like this .!ill get alonr. that you caa't shove people i to Caucasian

,!ra. i l l raKah^shi ta Caucasian): "0^ but that's not a cotparable situation. ".oreig. culture out tue Nisei hive a cat Coast culture־. he iadiaas .-jd a.

ie׳ aybe a ;rout like t>׳ ,jrnie 't'ekahashi: "to-. t:-et people have settled down caa get away."

his ia ..ot a conittee to control־!' ,yera: "let ie ;!аде one thing clear״!־ larry the destiny of people. urtheraore, it is not а 1'агч where we train went to do ia to provide people with ״people to beeon^ iiterrated. Л11 w ai opportunity to participate to achieve crnfidear-e aad to help tach other."

George Akahoahi* ** e have Ians of gettin on to other thin s like labor, ior exaiple."

Eraie "*akahashi: "You're taking off a big bite to chew, hut why do you ha e to tal& a out Isbor? V'hy caa't be lin it ourselves to thin s that we can ha.tdle?"

^iarry iayeda: "There are plenty of i^e^ls but <#e have

"?aie Tnkahashi: "3ut isn't the e a danger of having something too flexible״-'

Although to people who k! ?? the history of rale's efforts to org ii^e a crgnize in Eraie'a f;ueation ч certain bewilderment si.ee״last year v.ould r *״!го

in eeseace there was v^ry lit t le difference betw^-e.! ^hat Eriie had proposed and ortiag׳.^wuat !iarry is proposing except in terii tology ea ths kind of people ^u the prograi. Therefore Ernie was naturally puzzled as to why it was that the ver., individuals who had so vociferously opposed his group were now going ahead to do precisely *hat he had proposed to do.

Thus, i* the lidst oi a aeries of church group and X!CA discussion groups, arguneats about the pros and cons of Tssiml'ition, Lh Chicago Resettlers 3on-

nts which provided the content in״rgu:a״ e got under way. y and large the״aitt

ere foru !dated, mere the?.׳ which the group arose aid in which the stated purposes

n over aad over ggain. The saie questions were״ad been giv־' nr^u-aents that *־*san

would a segregated group hinder ?׳^rai sed, should a se re pa ted rou be set u assintlation? COMMITTEE. CM WAR SERVICES Room ]302 - i9 So. LaSaMe St. - Chicago 3, Nh'nots - Tetephone Centra! 4830

REV. A. C. RONANDER

CHICAGO CONGREGATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE

LESTER G. ROGERS, Chairman REV. GEORGE M. GIBSON, D. D. CONGREGATIONAL CHRISTIAN COMMITTEE REV. RAY FREEMAN JENNY, D. D. FOR

CHAPLAIN OTTO K. JONAS WAR VICTIMS AND SERVICES MR. CHARLES T. MOON MR. JOHN H. SHERMAN REV. T. K. VOGLER, D. D.

June 21, 1944

Mr. Tom Shibutani 6051 Kimbark Chicago, 111. Dear Mr. Shibutani: This past week several of us were talking about the whole program of resettlem ent here in the Chicago Area and came to the conclusion that i t would be most helpful if a representative group of evacuees were to meet together with a few representative Caucas­ ians to do some coordinated thinking on the whole matter. It was finally suggested that we meet next Tuesday evening, June 27th, at 7:30 P. M. at the Central Y. M. C. A. (19 South La Salle Street, Room 1327). We hope to have present representatives from most of the groups in the Chicago Area. This should be a thinking group and should be an Evacuee Committee. We hope th at you w ill be able to attend. Since Chicago is quite unique we strongly feel the importance of this conference. Those of us who attended the conference at the Y. M. C. A. Hotel received many helpful insights but we need now to look at Chicago specifically in the light of these. We hope that you will be able to attend. Cordially yours,

ACR/G Harry Mayeda A. C. Ronander July 1Д, 194*

!r Friend״*D

A abort tiss* 6g&, e аз!*31 %r :up af Kiaei picked fyo* aeton. tt oe* trto be 'n aloae contact w tb aubatantial nnnL^re of rt^attltra, gathered at tb* t ivttet? n of W.K+A. to й acuaa the need for!

1+ Tb* ! t 7 of or^entx t to eac ur* age and to etudy poaeibe юазаа of aee*l*patiag tiitagyetion into ncmaai ссма!щ*яИу l i f e . 8. More eypedit ua liaiean between the reaattltra and *be WRA. Bine* that t i a, two diacaaaione have been held! tba lest aeaita wee *spreaeAy or South Я4*га. It ta ^a a't^e to attend the neyt weetin־,hoped you wt!) i *" to b? held Wednesday, Ju y 19, g Р.И. a t the *Chinese Роом* of the by#, i*nrk YM6A, 1109 b. ^3fd S treet. Kindly oonaldtr the above naaaj poaed q eat'ona cad be prepare to erpreaa у ur optnttne.

Var tru^y youra,

Oeorge T. Akahaahl ^CARD IS FOR ADDRESS ־THIS SIDE OF)

Mr. Tom Shibutani 6051 Kimbark Chicago, 111. The regular meeting of the Chic­ ago R esettlers Committee w ill be held at 8:00 P. M., Room 1327, 19 So. La Saile St., on Tuesday, August 29th. There will be special guests present, and a varied program. ChNCAGO CONGREGATIONAL UNłON

REV. N!EL E. HANSEN. D.D. ROOM 1 3 0 2 GENERAL DIRECTOR FREDERłCK J. NEWEY 1 9 SOUTH LA SALLE STREET PRES!DENT HOWARD A. H!NDLEY D!RECTOR OP BUSINESS CHtCAGO 3. )LL. REV. HUGH ELMER BROWN REV. ALBERT T. RASMUSSEN TELEPHONE CENTRAL 4030 1ST V!CE PRESIDENT DtRECTOR OP PtELD AND RESEARCH G. WILLARD HALES REV. HAROLD E. CRAW 2NDV!CEPREStDENT DtRECTOR OP CHR!ST!AN EDUCAT!ON AND YOUTH WORK N łEL E. HANSEN SECRETARY REV. A. C. RONANDER M!N!STER TO SERV!CE MEN A. W . CONVERSE TREASURER CONSULTANT !N RESEARCH AND SURVEY SAMUEL C. K!NCHELOE. PH.D.

July 8, 1944

:riend"־ Dear The second meeting of those persons interested in resettlement will be held on July 11, Tuesday, 8:00 P. M. at Room 1527, 19 South La Salle Street. Agenda—discussion of problems and needs of the resettlers in the Chicago area. I t is hoped that you w ill be able to attend. Yours very tru ly , A. C. Ronander Harry Maeda Grace Hagiya

G* Brief summary of a discussion on resettlement held at a meeting on June 37, Tuesday, 7:30 P. M., Rm., 1327, 19 South La Salle Street

I. Reviewed briefly cur thinking on resettlement A. Recognition of Chicago as a unique situatlon-- size, number, etc.

B. The work of different agencies on resettlement 1. War Relocation Authority 2. American Friends Service Committee 3. Chicago Church Federation C. Recognition of a need for a central representative committee to: 1. Help coordinate activites of different groups in the city 2. Establish contacts between centers and grouns in Chicago 3. Keep in touch with the various resettlers' groups in other cities and with the national social agencies 4. To study and to be alert to attitudes and social "Winds" of the Chicago area II. Organization. A discussion of the advisability of organi­ zing a central representative committee was held by the members present. The concensus was that an informal com­ mittee of persons interested in the resettlement v.-ork should be formed.

III. Some discussion was held on the social problems confronting the resettlers in the Chicago area. It was decided that each person present a list of problems at the next meeting. FUNCTIONS

I. Coordination A. Gathering of information 1. Collecting suggestions from resettlers 2. Collecting information nbout resettlers needs 3. Collecting information about the services and facilities available to resettlers and the latest developments that may be of interest to resettlers 4. Collecting information on resettler activities

and programs in other c itie s B. Disseminating information through group meetings

1 . Exchange views nith representatives of various resettler and service groups 2. Informing social agencies of resettler needs

II. Public Relations A. Publicity and promotion 1. Supporting programs to broaden the perspectives

of the Nisei 2. Attempting to facilitate resettler acceptance

through speeches and news releases 3 . taking contacts in relocation centers 4. Stimulating the formation of groups for the purposes of facilitating the program of integration

B. Trouble-shooting STATai HNT OF PURPOSE

After due consideration and in frank recognition that (1) racial segregation in America, particularly in wartime, impedes tho united effo rt toward the building of a more demo­ cratic nation, (2) Americana of Japanese ancestry, because of mistaken id en tity , face special problems in becoming integrated into the stream of American life, ta) they face special dangers of becomin* involved in incidents because of misunderstandings, and (4) planned social action must be taken in order to deal with the complex problems thus encountered, a group of interested Chicago re settler s w ill be formed herewith with the aim of pro­ moting a program of integration and assisting in the removal of any barriers to this aim that may arise. The dangers of forming groups are frankly reoognized, but it is felt that some Organization is necessary to carry on th is program. The group is open to all interested persons. * * * * * ׳ *

ORGAHILATION

Meetings to be held at regular intervals to which representatives from various groups as well as all interested persons are invited to participate. Subcommittees, each with a ohairman 1. Publio relations 2. Gathering of information Other chairmen 1. General ohairman 2. Trouble-shooting Secretary Э- ^9гт^=- ^<. 6T^- ULre,'jit/ ־ĄęHf ־

Ь^-ЗГ* ^ ί-^- А. чего.' This organization is to be known aa tne Ciicago Reaettlers Committee. iha ^hica^o h. C. has bean estMblianed in Lhi! belief th^t ^arsons of Jap neae aiceatry who Java reloc tad i, this city should ake active p^.rt in becoming more integral parts of their community. It is the purpose of t i l s committee to make knoan to tny interested reaettler both the roaouicaa to

wn^ci he m a y turn for aid in meetin^ any of the numorous problema likely to confront im, aa an individual, anu, in turn, tao possible ways in which ha m^y contribute to the process of adjustment oi the rosettlers as a ^roup. (More ha

^he com itte e is open for membership to any person aho indi­ cates his Interest and willingness to participate fully in its ^ro^ran. small membership fee, ten tativ ely sat nt

o0%i per year, will be ch^r^ed all those who wish to be con­ sidered activo e!bera.

i ie work of this committee is to be carried on by me ins of

auo-committeas. ihese suo-com itta^ a are to a ioried as needs lor tnem arise. ifius far, huaic functions of tne nave oeen recognized in t^o suj-com.; uae coordinating

and puolic relations, *no aize and duration of a n y suo-

coi. will defend on its particular fu n ctio n .

Coordinating the Aork of the sub-committees is 5o he a

cabinet ; da u^ of the chari

and the o liic e r a of t i e organ ization , ihase officers are to 99 deai^ntttad as chairman, vice-ctt. secretary, and tre a. and are to a elected tor a tarn of ana year, th<9 eleoti n .k of *jeptmsb r״to t %e place during the 3rd ae

Uenar.l meetings oj tne ac *ill L^ne ^l= ce every ot tar weak, unless it is founu that such frequency ia not necessary, ^un-cot. laetin^a are left to the discretion of i dividual chaii-ian.

- !though an organization of t

b;, ship ia necessary to carry through plana agreed־oi i33 upon. Therefore, aanbara ano alah to resign froa the r.C for any reas/on ana aaged to n otify the !en. cnair^an,in a r it in a , to th st eiiect, so that a *ist of currently active co i itteeien can e !aaint^inad. e ł ״& ׳׳׳:.t a*t? .4.iw. , э-й о .у ,nti^ÍMno ви Ь+й*п.,1юеа , ׳׳׳:.э-й о .у ,nti^ÍMno ви Ь+й*п.,1юеа ״& e ł

п Jtłoeie <*tf3 ,τ**Υ *яз Ъс япйЗ 4 íoi b*^9níe * о. е т Ьпа

93 Л 6r*jqe^ 10 й ж* &*ϊ& 6f J дП^ТА/& *9*Í4, <*λ J 93 י׳ י , י , י י׳ ״.la t^ o y*1&v* &9łii eiitj liia ь e(3j 40 1 -n n a J ״.ь e(3j 40 1 -n n a J

4*** 1!??׳do'M Л ыя^чоз. aJt жжеДям !v יי׳.׳ ^ т,иажьэап t׳< ־-.т,иажьэап ď׳< t ^ יי׳.׳ Л י; י- ; , . . ־ . , ׳ , . ־ . . , ; י- י;

י Мц+1Ъ>1׳<а׳- *Мц+1Ъ *3 6 ЬпД a^ ď to aoJl*3i^3gro пя йй* *3 6 ЬпД a^ ď to aoJl*3i^3gro пя йй>1׳<а׳- י

bt л жЬз*п !пА^яРй э Je*y о г.; ил#) jiiź d s 4 ! wee a ,$fcJ3 bt л жЬз*п !пА^яРйэ Je*y о г.; ил#)

Ьежч^а״Ьежч^а апм!^ ΰ^υο-iáj %чтжэ о? чпажееэьп ж^ qJřria t:e?Mr to״t:e?Mr to

י .но^м &,01*4*־<* ד 6.׳и жт*4и#Ф .׳־.*<Э t Mt'iT ч^юет о? бж*ж..׳, .׳־.*<ч^ юе т о? бж*ж - йД.п*!лДжй 9 .n * j аяз Y líJen od Ьаажа жжж по^ыжжт γη3 ťol ^*аы й9*иь l*ń* с? ,ап Л .тс:.׳ ^f'-׳ י־- ׳*>

This organization is to be known as the Chicago Resettlers Com­ m ittee.

The Chicago R esettlers Committee has been established in the b elief that persons of Japanese ancestry who have relocated to this city should take active part in becoming more integral parts of th eir community. I t is the purpose of this committee to make known to any interested resettler both the resources to which he may turn for aid in meeting any of the numerous problems lik ely to con­ front him as an individual, and, in turn, the possible ways in which he himself may contribute to the process of adjustment of the resettlers as a group. It is the purpose also of this committee to consider methods of combatting specific obstacles which may arise affecting such adjustment, and to take d efin ite action whenever and wherever possible to overcome such obstacles. The committee is open for membership to any person who indicates his interest and willingness to participate fully in its program. A small membership fee, tentatively set at 50 cents per year^ w ill be charged all those who wish to be considered active members. The work of this committee is to be carried on by means of sub­ committees. These sub-committees are to be formed as needs for them arise. Thus far, basic functions of the resettlers committee have been recognized in two sub-committees: the coordinating and public relations sub-committees. The size and duration of any sub­ committee w ill depend on its p articu lar function.

Coordinating the work of thQ^ub^committees Is to be a cabinet made up of the chairmen of all existing sub-committees and the officers of the organization. These officers are to be designated as chair­ man, vice-chairman, secretary, and treasurer, and are to be elected for a term of one year, the election to take place during the third week of September.

General meetings of the resettlers committee will take place every other week, unless it is found that such frequency is unnecessary. Sub-committee meetings are to be left to the discretion of individual chairmen.

Although an organization of this kind should be flexible enough to meet changing needs and situations, some s ta b ility of membership is necessary to carry through plan3 agreed upon. Therefore, mem­ bers who wish to resign from th committee for any reason are asked to notify the chairman, in writing, to that effect, so that a l i s t of currently active committeemen can be maintained. The next meeting of the Chicago Resettlers Committee w ill be held at 8:00 P. M., Wednesday, Aug. 9, central "Y", room 1527, 19 So. La Salle St. We are fortunate to have with us as guest- speakers Dr. Embree, Dr. Weaver, and Mr. Harry Walker of the mayor's Committee on Race Relations who have evinced concern for the resettlers in Chicago. In anticipation of widespread in te re st in meet ing and talking with these gentlemen, we are extend ing this invitation to all who wish to attend. We hope to see you and trust that you will engage freely in th is discussion.

7/^7 ,%

Statement of Purpose

A fter dee consideration and in frank c-ass-lderat4oc that

(1) racial segregation in America, particularlyin wartime, impedea the united effort toward the building of a more demo­ cratic nation, (2) Americana of Japeneae ancestry, because of mistaken identity, face special problems in becoming integrated into the stream of American life, (Z) they face special dangers of becoming involved in incidents because of misunderstandings, and (4) planned social action must be taken in orderto deal with the complex problems thUB encountered, a group of interested

Chicago !*settlers will be formed herewith with the aim of pro­ moting a piogram of integration and assisting in the removal of any barriers to this aim that may arise. The dangers of

forming groups are frankly recognized, but it is felt that some

organization is necessary to carry on this program. The group

is open to all interested persons. Functions

I. Coordination A. Gathering of information 1. Collecting suggestions from resettlera 2. Collecting information about reaettler needa Z. Collecting information about the services and facilities availsbleto resettlera and the latest developments that may be of interest to reaettlera 4. Collecting information on resettler activities and programs in other c it ie s B. Disseminating information *hwopgh group meetings 1. Exchangeviewswith representatives of various reaettler and service groups 2. Informing social agencies of reaettler needa II. Public Relations A. Publicity and promotion 1. Supporting programs to broadeA the perspectives of the Nisei 2. Attempting to facilitate reaettler acceptance through 8paechea and news releases 3. taking contacts in relocation centers 4. Stimulating the formation of groups for thepurpos* of facilitating the program of integration B. Trouble-shooting - ! / 2 . 7 / ^

Orn nization

Meetings to be held At regular intervals to which representatives from various groups aswell as a ll interested persons are invited to participate. Subcommittees, eachwitha chairman 1. Fublic Relations 2. Gathering of information Other chairmen 1. General chttrman 2. Trouble-shooting 3. Secretary

Mi scellaneous

Financial support 1. Ronander 2. "Oklahoma" singer Name suggested: Chicago R esettlers' Co jnittee Agenda for August 1 meeting: 1. Submission of program for approval of group 2. Election o f chairman and secretary Appointment of sub-chairmen 4. Report on the I.C. difficulties 5. Discussion of Hearst program 6. Discussion of ChioafK) Real Estate Board 7. Discussion of Aragon incident

& CL tL(AjLO־t־ 1- . .n-kjk)^־ .Qc-t TO Jf!\EAD 1 ПЧс ' ! f- С Eh C AGO '׳״ !:'jDtjHA': J HE FR: !! if; 1 ^ Г i NE״! . ׳׳. M ׳־ ׳ - ' .^ТЕД \ .)

'׳'׳ ׳1׳ ׳еюЬ e j; ־ 0 ' 0 ־ f! ' 3? ׳К R . s ? ;־·Ж l й : h i '־[ ! i ! i 1 i d !!,׳ ^ }' : OM FAB ! ׳ ־־״: i A letter from the Kew - /*'x ׳?׳) York Y3A revealed that a r v i c e O n N ^ - C!! N О Г i ! ! и i 0 al aervi oe wi 11 be held thi mornin-i'frdm׳:. nnj.־ roup of six BuddiiistNe-.v An? orkers w ill come to Chi­ 1) a* .n. at the aud ,oriun of tie people's Church of־־-' ׳of the. second ?)!eatiug ?׳cago for a two-city con- Chicago to dedicate the cretin ference during the Thanks- place of tie Chicago Y3A. .as able to. secure the spacious i all׳.giving hol'days. Our group v cuiive'׳the courtesies of Dr. I-oner A* Jack, ex .״'J o in t activities that throug could be undertaken by the secretary of t e.Chica-o Council Against Racial and two easternmost тьич^аУ Religious Discrimination, and Dr. prestnn ?ra;iey of to be discussed the people's Church of Chicago -азе chairrat. of the -f ׳CCA2RD* Dr. hradley-Grr fl,u i s the dire ctc.r of the. / M i ; s auditorium located at 121:3 ־.׳ . ׳, . .i. LaSalle St" Executive Secretary Art ­al l open the de׳% л!е nt of the Daily L3 fe *" - Takentoto׳! ith George Kebo as the 11 s!־׳' an׳ chairman, the afternoon ^rt Takemoto w ill d eli­ dication service with service w ill again bring ver a short addriss, "The iraugural ad.ress. Th e before the congregation, 0 ri gi n o^ the В u d d h 1 st (Continued on page 2) ^ ' * ־ **"*^the Rev. (lyodo Kono who precepts" as a part of the /r !׳ *—* rat!!. I F׳ w ill speak on the "Embel- seventeenth Sunday pro il l mark j׳.? The minister will point I .This issue .appearanoo of the ׳N1SE! MINIS!ER out what constitutes Right !the RETURNS EAST Living according to the 'firs.t edition of the Chi-; } ,of tie Six t cago УБА' s put li nati on ״second Virtu ! the Chicago DHA№.^. The׳ .The!Rev. Hewton Ishiura Faramitas spaper wi 11 !лаке a j״.־r- The programs for this i ne׳׳left Chlcaao Friday a ft '-fortnight1у showing un׳ orth side׳? w Pave n, Cot!n ., and the, near ׳ l ׳noon f'Cr where . he vd.ll assume his services arj found on page ;dor the auspices of the, , (У8д. (Sec Pttge 3.׳ duties' as .an Instructor at four of this M-wenkly Y1TA the Yale University. rublicatin t.. Ccnring to the Midwest, j?.$ TO S H if T.׳־)chiefly for the purpose of Ni W 0 /RfC*f ho lding a Buddhi st se rvi ce for the soldiers at Fort C 4 8 WfT OT'f/ffRS то^/г;нт ov^ r one /׳Snelling, the Rev. Ishiura The recently elected di rector tak! n also served as the guest Board of D i r e c t will of tht office s. re posi- :meeting this t i. о n s a r e f. i'o liows ׳.local hold a.dlntie ^.־׳'speaker before -t , t c^ - с !t ai r!nae־:evening to select the ca­ chai r:i!an, v ׳ .YBA group last Sunday I hope to.oe returning binet officers of the Chi­ secretary, bre..surer, a״ to the Midwest in the very cago YBA* d it or , re l i . :1 ou s ch air man, an , social! ׳near future," he stated? The ten positions on pub li ci ty chair ,ill. be filled chairman, music chairman?־ once again the cabinet ׳and I hope to" (.'׳: speak bePor-i the group." by t he te n direct or s , e ^ ch (Continued on page *.

November 5, 1944 ,^׳.׳Pa?e 2 DHARI i D!YOj\IAL BOARD - SEVEN CENT-ERS SHARE Seven of the ten 17RA YOU BUILD THE FUTURE projects are represented 1\?o and a half years have passed since the evacua­ by the present Board of tion orders brought about the mass migration of these Directors. There &re two people of Japanese descent from the sunny shores of officers from the Jerome the Facific to the various government relocation cen­ (now closed), the Rohwer ters. It has been a period of adjustments aand read­ and thi Foston centers. :to meet the constantly changing environmen­ The Board members are ׳justments tal conditions. Keiichi Kawamoto, Topaz; ;eko Masuda, Ft. Mountain!׳W& have left behind within the fence-enclosed cen- S :er־t&ys, the frustration that we fe lt when we departed George Matsuura , Gila RW— J* Rb'iwerY־from the coastal states and the insecurity and self­ Ted Mirikitan3 pity that we experienced in the centers. V!№ have re­ Shizuo Nakashita, Rohwer; located to this Midwestern area in order to build a Tok IV o:nu r a, Je rome; No r i new foundation in th is, a free and liberal America* C'da, Minidoka; Kiyoshi Mi- Ours is a future that must be founded on faith. nami,Jerome; He ten Sasaki, In looking back to the past two years, we Buddhr sts Foston; Akira Yebr.su, Fos­ can be conscious of the double burden that the evacua­ ton; andB. Saiki, Rohwer. ^problems SiUD ׳tion placed upon us when compared with the of the non-Buddhists; for, wp were affected in relig i­ ous activities as well as p olitical and economic af­ ORG/SWZfD fOP fairs. Hew—religious, you may ask? A sutra study clasc is Concisely, the evacuation meant the falling into to be formed in the near unavailable use, our many churches and properties; the futuro for interested Bus­ s w ill be׳tinr ׳impounding of some of our ministers on suspicion; the sei. Theme rising of the misinterpretation t at we were connected hold on a wee!: night, pro­ with the Shintoists; and the shredt'ing into disinte­ bably Thursday. whole scheme of religious coordination Arrangements for the ׳gration the that wc had erected up until that time. use of a hall have already Tho'.w h we have built up a semblance of spiritual been made so that the mem­ 'cameradie' during our center existence, our resettle­ bers who plan to attend may hand in their names. ment into new ijnerican communities have again scat­ tered those of our faith. Open'mg Of North The question that interested Buddhists everywhere is asking now is whether theserapture-ignorant, happy- ^K.!e !t ioday go-lucky, s t ill immature Bussei can build up by them­ (Continued from pag^ 1.) selves a better-welded Americanized spiritual struc­ feature of the program w ill A Step to״ ,ture in the United states despite their wide dispersal be the sermon through resettlement. the East," by the Rov*Gyodo ?.Ill the growing ?crm of a new American brotherhoodKono, officiating min ister .roup׳ y the nisei be able to absorb the de­ of th.. local׳as exemplified b clining vitality of Buddhism as represented by the Chairman Arthur Takemoto issci? w ill also address th& :roup ­ld bn favorably on the "Oridn &f the Bud׳.׳The answers to these questions <.o given only when each Bussei realizes t^at it is not dhist Precepts." t^e ministers, nrt the Te-aehings (Dharma) and not the All :!!embers are urged leaders which w ill count, but rather the individual to be prompt so that the interest and effort of cach member. service may be concluded As members of th- Chicago YBA, all of you arc the by 12:45p. m. Wear North determining factors in whether American Buddhism is to side and North side resi­ asked ׳ survive. The future of our religion rests equally on dents are especially the shoulders of each of you and you, alone, must de­ to attend the morning ser­ cide what part you. w ill play* vi ce s. t* - .

DHARMA, November 5, 1944 Page 3

BRING YOUR Γ 8 Λ MfMBFRSMiP R

Gatha books are e till Gf Γ /OUR C^RDS MOW available and may be pur­ Registered membership 175 registrants," stated chased at a dollar per in the Chicago YBA has Takemoto, "but this is copy at the registration been steadily increasing s t i l l far below the 250­ desk or the YBA office. according to a recent re­ 300 average that we have -embers who have ob­ port issued by Art Take­ maintained in our congre*.׳! tained their copies are moto, executive secretary tion every Sunday." requested to bring them of the organization. He requested a ll paid to the services for their "Latest figures show up members to pick up their own use regularly# that we have a total of cards at the registration desk located at the en­ trance of the service balls A MESSAGE FROM REV. KONO or at the office. Dear Bussei: Those whose dues are in iy purpose in coming out here to Chicago was not to arrears may receive their lead the Chicago YBA, but my relocation to this city certificates of membership was rather motivated by a desire to be of aid to the upon the payment of their many young Buddhists in the Midwest. back dues. Cards w ill al­ *7e are now living in a very confused world; for, so be issued to new mem­ this is war-time. It is not enough that the battle bers upon payment of two for peace be won physically on the front lines, but months' assessments. that peace must be won on the home front as well. A number of cards were Buddhism as one of the major religions must take its released last month without place at home to fight the bigotry, the prejudice, and being properly recorded so the avarice that characterize the forecs of spiritual that holders of the follow­ and moral oppression. ing certificates are re­ Hy purpose here is to rally those of you who are quested to notify the desk here and to work with you toward the defeat of those registrar: 101, 102, 104, 'enemies' oi\mankind. I know that together we can 117, 119, 120, 207, 233, conquer these forces and insure the permanence of our 256, 250, 268, 287 and faith in the Midwest. 324* Together in the Sangha, Be sure to pick up your Rev. Gyodo Kono. cards promptly. NOV 74-75 /NDUC710A/ The QHARMA WCiL/DfS /P/3 Mf/V An incomplete list of YBA inductees entering the Volunteer workers arc or who desire to receive Army on the 15th show the needed to help put out the such training ahould oon- following: Keiji onizuka, bi-weekly bulletin, the tact Rev. Kono or Art. Teruo B. Nakashita, Jack Chicago DHAHMA. Any per­ Typists, artists, edi­ Oshita, Barry Saiki and son or persons who have tors,and reporters are ur­ Harry Tsutsui. had mimeograph experience ge nt ly de sired . The imminent departure Directors Hotd Dinner-Discussion of the present staff (one) going temporary for the Army necessitates ־Continued from page 1) the out) and welfare chairman. chairman. this call for volunteers. Discussion pertaining The dinner w ill also The only limiting qua­ to the formation of defi­ serve the triple function lifications are that you nite plans ^nd programs of being a sendoff party must be able to read and for the coming t^rm w ill for Chairman Saiki, who is write English and must be also be instituted, ac­ one of the YBA member's be­ between the ages oT 10-60 cording to Barry Saiki, ing inducted, Nov. 15. years (part-time, no pay.) Pape 4 ..DHARi'lA, 11 ovemb e r 5, 1944

Oi&ICAflON A 1 7 TH PAKiiWAY 5 fK V )€ is V*־" , V*־" ''־V. t;' .'.. ־* ׳ ^... - ׳ ־ 1/ O f/? a /77 . ׳׳, . . ; i ' t; ׳ ־ ' ' - ' ־j '= 1 'i NovEMBER 5 /J 9 4 4 ) Vt ^ .*11 /s.M. ; I NOVEMBER 5 , 19^4 2 P.M. ; Arthur Ta!:emoto i ' Chairman . Tedr^e Kebo*׳* ...... Chairman '.

] Opening remarks...... Ghainnan ׳l* Openio-g remarks *Chainnan I 1.{ ! 2 . Meditation Aspirations !2. Silent meditation...... j ׳ ...... botlCn...... ' !5. Benediction ״J.36n ; , e the Golden Sun־*I 4. Sutra chatting...Incense offering : 4. Gatha.. .!7hen *Vo S ! ...... Mat ha...... Right Meditation ' ' 5* Sutra chaotin .׳ 5 ! 6. Three Pomages Rev. G* Kono j6. loce.i!gc: -effering...... ) j 7. Three Hotaages. .Rev. P. Kor.o j j 8 . Sermon..^...... v.....Rev. G * P on o ^ * Pled'^...... j oermon. . ..Rev. G.Konpj ! ׳ .'j A Passage'From the Gospel !' lO^lzecitation...... Farewell { : 10. A Passage From t!!e Gospel...... i ^ mot o ...:.־׳ cress...... r t r j ׳-*Gatha ^ , ...... petabhavana ' 11. A . 1 1 , { d ^'a But su־׳!Closing remarks ...Chairman j 12. Gatha .^an.u A . 2 1 :13. Meditation...... ! { Chairman״ ...... r.c Rev. Gyodo Kono I 14. closT ng remarks־׳.׳YPA Minist . * . i .FL'.CE: 5120' South p^rb//ay .׳ / s\ PMOE: 1219 p . LaSalle $tj

RfCHT MEOiTATtON W HIN WE SEE THE GOLDEN SUN ,ten vre see thg golden sun ׳!/? ׳ ... ,Sweet hour of meditation Th& quiet hour of peace, Shin'ng from above, . hen from life 's care and turmoil We are mindful־." I find. a.blest release. Of the Buddha's love. In silent contemplation O'er us all P,i$ pure co^nassion . ,/hope I win. Sheds its steadfast ?lov ׳New faith and More light and-deeper knowledge 3y Pis Doctrine Pew strength tc conquer sin. YJj. sdom's Yfav to show.

,we see the silver moon ׳et hour of meditation, y,hen№9 #cet silent and alone, Gleamin- in the sky, The master's words I ponder Yfe remember His Truth to make my own, S till our !Lord is rriph; . ith earnest purpose seek-ing By Pic blessed Law to uide us־" ,rough this earthly night׳!! I gather more and more Of *Tisdom's Holy treasure Out of sorrow .ht״ ?From Hi.s exhaust less store. Into j oy afti

,uide you׳\ May Love and Truth Eternal 'way,׳!.'Evermore in mem'ry we shall treasure And love divine upor your pa .'golden hours we spent with you shine, Until vfe meet a?ain׳־ The Hours that brought to us in fullest measure .e haye bowed with you in sweet commun׳.׳ the joys of ׳d׳.All the blessings ar friendship true. Before the Buddha's'Holy Shrine, /ion ׳ And no parting can e'er r.nd the union Farewe 11 to you, Our friends so true; Of a!r spirits in His Brotherhood divine. (This is necessarily a personally opinionated treatment of the subjeot ''?hat sort of a program the Chicago YRA should In stitu te during wartime in preparation for post-war ex­ pansion.' It is subject to careful analysis and revision as such.)

I. A reaffirmation of present and future goals and aims of the group is essential to begin with a preoise comparison of our program now with that of past praotices. This would Include a constructive and yet critical analysis of V-est Coast Buddhism. A lin e of demarcation must be firmly drawn or we shall suffer the same overall conditions that be have experienced in the past. Discussion should t uch such v ita l points as: (1) 'That should we do about group in tere st—what lin e shall we stress and follow. (3) How can we promote religious education among us—we who may be classed as scripture-ignorant Bussei. (3) hat stand should we take upon integration and to what degree, both idealistically and practically, should we participate in such a program. Should integration be left up to Individual initiative or should group planning be effected. Discussion on possible means. (6) Should we carry education of Hussei into channels other than religious. If so, to what degree should that education be instituted. (5) The program of integration would lineate itself with all of these fields and must be presented either as a topic under eduoation as a minority problem or it nust be introduced in its different phases in all of three fields. II. From the present viewpoint, it sor-ms that the Bussei can­ not be concerned with Buddhism alone but must include in it s program, a more d iv ersified field of in terest. On est Coast, we huve had such diversifications but״ the that broadened interest led into social lin es rather than into oducational ones. A program, containing the elements of what the w riter feels are desirable would encompass or rather would break out into three d istin ct fie ld s. They are: (1) Buddhistm and i t s practical application. This would include the thorough knowledge of the Teachings of Buddha by the. members. Thorough in the sense that each one is able to grasp the major points of his teao!ings. Chicago YBA - 2

(2) The Study of the nisei and his position in present and post-war America with necessary comparison to the past conduct of the group. Constructive criticisms. His­ torical sketch with evident present-day trend. (3) Introduction of broad educational program covering situations that the nisei und the Bussei will have to face as Amerioans. III. hat type of subject would be presented and discussed in these fields? (1) Re&ieion: a. Buddha as a philosopher. .of Karma ׳b. Karma—the meanin 0. He-incarnation—its praotical interpretation. d. Nirv.:na—its ethereal existence and realistic under standi ng. e. Nembutsu—meaning. f. Jiffer aces between Buddhism and Chrisianity. g. Buddhism and Science. h. structural organization of the *nerioan Buddhist groups. 1. Sunday School methods and practiocs. j. How can we further Americanize uddhism? k. Buddhist integration pro ran. 1. Other. Education. (2) Nisei as a group. a. Pre- ar nisei society—a review dealing with economic, political, social facets of their West Coast existence. b. Nisei arid education in American oolleges. c. '"isei and the relocation centers--what they have gained artl lost. d. Nisei and relocation into the midwest and east. e. Nisei and t !e post-war, eoonomic and social. f. Nisei and discrimination. g. Nisei hereditary traits and tendencies. h. Group integration. i. Others. Psychological and sociolo;ioal malad­ justments. j . Nisei and Housing. k. An analysis of Nisei apathy—introvertedness. (Z) Education program: a. Chicago race probMuas, race relations. b. Civil Liberties Union. c. Unions and unionization. Chioago YBA - 3

d/ Cultural and recreational facilities in Chicago. e. Politioal implications. f . America and etiq u ette. g. Books worth reading, cultural improvements. IV. Topics such as presented above could be treated, according to its type, group discussions, panel discussions ( a panel of five to six persons who will telke the subjwot over before the group), forums (two or three speakers w ill speak on one phase of the problem and w ill answer questions), outside speakers (qualified persons to be invited to speak) and YBA speakers. V. The YBA should also institute such activities as community .hnd little games. Essential at the present time ?׳,sin^ii A sp ir it of fellowship would better interest in YBA a c ti­ v it ie s . The group would, however, naintai a "hands off" policy on social gatherings for the purpose of such. Shi-,utani 11-9-44

CHICAGO ׳׳I3DETEirSHT NI^FI VCTERP CCst'ALTTEIJ C :׳HI"

Contrary to general expectation, there was considerable more intereat ia the

1944 election on the part of the \ia ei than there had been for any of the previous

not only beceune the Nisei were :bin to vote for the first tine ׳:contents, !'his Wi

e believed by many that their personal fates aad foruaes!׳but also because it w

ead of ׳lli:ting. As earl, a: th^׳b ״rested to some extent upon the outcome of th

July, the Aiericaa Coanoawealth I arty was actively recruiting Mlsei votes.

CP *as ^r. Ka^-:ao, a\ '׳One of the outs'aading a vocaies of the proi*ram of th studeat of the ministry at the University of Chicago, Kawano hid b ea a Socialist

­the wnr end ?ought to organize the '?isei for a third tarty. He openly de ״b^'for clared that a third arty would not have a chanoe to wia ia the present election

LUt co^ld et enough votes to qualify as a major party in th? next election, ?he

arty wa^ that th°re war ao outsi-nnding ׳ Anerican Commonwealth '׳position tf th difference between the two major parties aad that Loth of then were the tools of capital-Stic interests. Therefore, Kawano said, that it would be to the interest of the lis e i to vote for the third party which would have a militant program for

׳h reliricus rou s, Kawnao aea38׳r-'Cial equality. Hecauae of hir connections wi

r ׳to hsv^ been successful, at least in urging people to register. Several oth persona active in church work hecaie Nisei precinct captains aad sought the support of Maynard Kreuger or the Southside Congressional district.

This move, however, did not ^ct a very stroaf followihg among the Nisei.

here were some devout Christians who beca me passively interested and p rhapa׳!'

-of nctive capaiga ־even regirtered to vote but there wns v^ry little i.i the wa

r-״- inr^ for the \Cr candidates. As tic eicctioa date approached, late it Ccto aad early ia November, the major dlrcuscioa anturally ceatered ^rouad Tewe and

Poosevelt. A l^rpe aum^er of Nisei apparently felt thnt Roosevelt had caused the e v c t-tion aad therefore were advocating acme chanre. They were also nccuai ng the president of being responsi ,If for the Nisei draft aad ulamed h i! for the death of the boys overseas, ^ince he had presumably harmed the Japanese in this wa , and -r. Hoose׳ ,since he hid always adwucated a str.ag foreiga policy ia the Far aat velt becaae very unpoilar aaong tht? Nisei. Since so aaay Nisei had reg istered to

nt out of their way ia aany-׳vote, the party workers, both Republic and Deaocrat, w of the precincts and aade special effort to woo the Nisei votes. On the whole, the

Nisei agreed to aliost anything the precinct captain said and in one area in the

еяг North, both the Hepu iicans and Deioeratic precinct ciptain insisted th^-t every single Nisei was on their side. On October i5 ч definite aove was initiated to channelize the Nisei votes.

The initiative caae fron Иге. Eileen ХужхХк*квр ^eiskopf, a local Chicago

Nisei girl narried to e Caucasian. She had a reputation of beinf a Coamaist and

as in contact with the Illin ois independent Voters league and with the Denoc atic׳.^

­the out :׳for ׳arty aachine. Since she had been away i ron Chicago froa the ti ne b!

l not k^ow wiere to begin a*d contacted Ceorge AkThoshi׳break of the жяг, she di

r!l !:׳׳׳.. A^-aho hi, ho over, bei..^ i .׳!׳..׳i м support .׳t she ^new to be 8 Hooeev׳who en 1оуем, as unwLle to take active part ia the caa^aign because oi the restrict­ ions in the Hatch Act. Me therefore sng^estej several naaes of persons nho Adit be intererted and on Octouer 27 a neeting as held at the hone of George Yasu-

,arry -ai&i, r. anc .!rs. asu ochi׳ .eis^opf, 4r.׳ .kochi. I'ho* e present were .re and fon ^hibutani. George As.ahoshi dropped in tut did tot take active part in the discussion. x

At fir; t the plan was to invite all the registered voters of Japanese an­ cestry to a form. Arrangeae:its were nade for the rental of a hall and *rs.

'.eisnopf aa^aged to fet a pledge of *50 for expenses froa the iili.iois indepe dent

Voters Tea ue. The plan was to have two Nisei, one Republican aid one e ocn t and possibly one representative of the \C^ deoate the caipai^a issues. :is group

­quite confident that no natter how good the Lepualicen represent ׳of New ! eal wa ative was the He ublican position could act be defended rationally. h? njor

.ever, was that ao Hepbulica.! speaker culc cc found.׳.d if f lculty in this plan, ho

cause of ׳ it was fonad that the J CI wa supporting the ieiocratic aac*cate

-pro .׳!-׳. - ^nek'.T's sta eaent. Лгз. eia^opf suent half the eveaia.. ^ho.ia־־ fe sional Nisei aea i t to.

,ueutly. ׳Hepublicaa uefore, declared that they л?re support!n. Roosevelt. oo

aad who were not fatiiliar enough Kith the issues to debate agai *st a well-iaformed

pe s a liKe sr. Yasukochi. A.*other difficulty wes that the major opposition to a

Democratic platform wuuld probably not oo !e from the Repu licaas but from the So­

cialists. in spite cf the fact that may Nisei A ere lepu lica.s, they were *ot the ki.td of nisei !!ho would stind up at a public meeting one! spec** u... Ua thf other

­arti ^ere quite e lo׳'׳ a.id, rose of the supporters of the A me icon Co nonwpnith ci ueat. fiace the only aTguieat that could be adya teed agaiaat the *C^ was that, of

xpediency, it was decided that it would be uawire to hold such a le e tia ,.

^ftrr much deliberation, it war decided that a pamphlet would be mailtd to every registered ')isei voter ia the area. At first ther- was c^m^ question as to

nether the pamphlet should deal with thr enpei^a irsue or whoth-r it should deal ׳ with the questions of what the election neaat to the Nisei, ?he letter up roach war selected, Lut of reco^aitioa of the fact that lost Niaei were !ot in the

sli^ht'rst bit interested in the najor aaticaql issues, and would vote in accop#-

ht - c!i candidate night do fcr their o a good, in order׳aace tt. what they thcu

spoasoriag the paaphlet, it was decided that the ׳to protect the group t at wa

major aatioa^l issues w^ulf bew stated aad that rerar!is made by the various caa-

ch side had tu sny ׳a example of what e-־* didatcs toward the *^iaei would be cited as

as crsigaed!!׳ with ref-reace to the xaxi question of race reiatioas. '.!rs. eisiCrf

.i registered voters, .!r:׳the

"hi^u ani was assigned the task of getting the quotations ef the statements of the

r. Yasukochi was given the respoasibility for drawing ip׳ various candidates pad

­A for t'^ re׳'ftnal copy. !r. ai i offered the fa cilitie s of the Chicago y ״th

producing the pahphlet a t* t'e typing of addre

ay precincts ia Chicago, it war decided that i' would״8iace there were so m

-n to be coacei״-be Sif icient to go through the ards in which th° Nis^i were kno

ill e;׳ uadred names aad addre see were acquired. (These names ׳tr? ed. Seve 1

rvn iabie to the study,) hese names were K ac uired with hn assistance of the

y through one of the Judres. Materials were also ath^ ed frs.n the־"Democratic ar

.ttached paaphlet w-ss fi ally daxa drasa up!׳ uIC political action Ck.mmitte^ a;^d the c'cress. Since the!׳ XasH On? copy w!=-s seat to each aep rate suraan attx a iven

ere distriouted at the^ ׳7est 'i^e is iaade uat#ly covered, additional copie churches, both Buddhist aad Christian, s-n ^ToveaLer 5.