DOCSLIB.ORG

Temporal Sovereignty in Modern International Politics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Temporal Sovereignty in Modern International Politics TEMPORAL SOVEREIGNTY IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS The contemporaneous rise of Western standard time with territorial sovereignty, and the significance of this relationship to sovereignty in modern International Relations By Nathan Attrill A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Relations School of History, Philosophy, Political Science and International Relations Victoria University of Wellington 2013 ABSTRACT This thesis explores the relationship that the rise to hegemony of a Western standardised measurement of time has with the contemporaneous rise of the Western concept of territorial sovereignty. How does this relationship continue to shape debates over sovereignty in modern international politics both between states and within them, and is the concept of ‘temporal sovereignty’ an underappreciated topic in the field of International Relations? First, it explains how the standardised measurement of time has evolved throughout history and the factors that helped to facilitate moves towards a measurement of time based on precision and coordination of human activities. Second, it examines the link between territorial sovereignty and the standardisation of the measurement of time focussing on the imperatives of standardisation and the role states have in this process. Third, it describes the international time system as it exists today to understand what are the ‘rules’ and to what extent states conform to them. Finally, it discusses the concept of ‘temporal sovereignty’ and how states can and do use the standardisation of time to affect, influence, or control resources and people in three particular case studies: Canada, the Russian Federation, and the People’s Republic of China. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the Victoria Foundation for awarding me the funding to complete a Master of International Relations at Victoria University of Wellington in 2011. Also I would like to acknowledge the help, guidance, and patience of my thesis supervisor Dr Pat Moloney whose critiques have undoubtedly made this a far better thesis than it otherwise would have been. iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Time zones of Russia (as at October 2011).……………………………………….53 Figure 2: Time zones of Europe (as at October 2011).…………………………………...….55 Figure 3: Time zones of Canada (as at October 2011).………………………………...….…59 Figure 4: Time zones of the United States of America (as at October 2011).…………...…..60 Figure 5: Time zones of Central and South America (as at October 2011).…………………63 Figure 6: Time zones of Africa and the Middle East (as at October 2011).…………………66 Figure 7: Time zones of Asia (as at October 2011) …………………………………………67 Figure 8: Time zones of Australia and the Western Pacific (as at October 2011)…………...69 Figure 9: The International Dateline (as at October 2011).……………………………….…73 Figure 10: The International Dateline prior to 1844………………………………...….……75 Figure 11: Changes to the International Dateline 1884-1921…………………………..……76 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION: IS MEASURING TIME POLITICAL? ..................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1: WESTERN STANDARD TIME ........................................................................ 6 The Great Time Divergence: Why Europe? .......................................................................... 6 Temporal structuring of city life in late medieval Europe ................................................... 11 How Western standard time left Europe .............................................................................. 15 The Industrial Revolution: The commoditisation of time .................................................... 17 The Industrial Revolution: The personalisation of time ...................................................... 20 The Industrial Revolution: The development of the standard ‘working week’ ................... 22 The French Revolution: The re-education of society using time ......................................... 24 Globalisation: Making the world smaller ............................................................................ 28 Globalisation: Western standard time goes global............................................................... 32 Western standard time: a global hegemon? ......................................................................... 35 CHAPTER 2: TERRITORIAL SOVEREIGNTY ................................................................... 37 What is territorial sovereignty? ............................................................................................ 37 The Western origins of territorial sovereignty ..................................................................... 40 Why states standardise ......................................................................................................... 43 The economic benefits of standardising time ...................................................................... 47 Will territorial sovereignty continue to matter for measuring time? ................................... 49 CHAPTER 3: THE INTERNATIONAL TIME ZONE SYSTEM .......................................... 52 Time zones of Russia ........................................................................................................... 53 Time zones of Europe .......................................................................................................... 54 Time zones of Canada .......................................................................................................... 58 v Time zones of the United States .......................................................................................... 59 Time zones of Central and South America .......................................................................... 63 Time zones of Africa and the Middle East .......................................................................... 65 Time zones of Asia .............................................................................................................. 67 Time zones of Australia and the Western Pacific ................................................................ 69 The International Dateline ................................................................................................... 72 Can time zones be a form of political resistance? ................................................................ 76 CHAPTER 4: TEMPORAL SOVEREIGNTY ........................................................................ 78 The fine balancing act that time standardisation creates ..................................................... 80 Canada: Temporal sovereignty and regional identities ........................................................ 83 The historic basis of regional Canadian identities................................................ 84 How time standardisation empowers provincial state interests ........................... 88 Russia: Temporal sovereignty and economic nationalisation .............................................. 91 The economic importance of the Siberian far-east ................................................. 92 How time standardisation empowers national interests ......................................... 97 China: Temporal sovereignty and imperial control ............................................................. 99 Post-Communist Revolution consolidation and state-building ............................ 100 How time standardisation empowers imperial interests ....................................... 104 CONCLUSION: THE POLITICS OF MEASURING TIME ................................................ 107 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................. 110 vi INTRODUCTION: IS MEASURING TIME POLITICAL? It is a question that has seldom been asked in politics, but if we pause to consider whether we truly know what the time really is at any given moment we begin to wonder: who is measuring time for us? We unthinkingly rely on time-measuring devices to keep us informed: wall clocks, wristwatches now even our mobile phones. But can they be trusted? Do they need to be trusted? Isn’t the measurement of time today relatively uncontroversial? An objective fact governed by some scientific principles? A fact that is ultimately apolitical in nature? A closer inspection of the issue reveals a surprising truth, that in spite of its centrality to twenty-first century life, the political nature of the way time is measured has had comparatively little consideration within the field of Political Science. Studying the measurement, standardisation, and regulation of time in modern society has instead been left to sociologists, historians, and economists. But the measurement and standardisation of time does have a political dimension worth examining within Political
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Not for Reproduction
    LSC Display Module INSTRUCTION MANUAL Reproduction for Not PHONE (308) 995-4495, (800) 562-1373 FAX (308) 995-5887 PARTS DEPT. FAX (308) 995-4883 WEB www.allmand.com Reproduction for Not TABLE OF CONTENTS MAIN OPERATING SCREEN ..................................................................1 Menu Screen .......................................................................................................................................3 Automatic Control Setup Screen ...................................................................................................4 Timed Events Menu Screen .....................................................................................................5 Timed Events Screen .........................................................................................................6 Copy Day Events Screen ...................................................................................................7 Block Heater Setup Screen ......................................................................................................8 Auto-Mode – Sunset/Sunrise-based Start/Stop Screen ...........................................................9 GPS Location Setup Screen ....................................................................................................10 System Screen ..............................................................................................................................11 Update Programming Screen ..................................................................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Calendrical Calculations: Third Edition
    Notes and Errata for Calendrical Calculations: Third Edition Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold Cambridge University Press, 2008 4:00am, July 24, 2013 Do I contradict myself ? Very well then I contradict myself. (I am large, I contain multitudes.) —Walt Whitman: Song of Myself All those complaints that they mutter about. are on account of many places I have corrected. The Creator knows that in most cases I was misled by following. others whom I will spare the embarrassment of mention. But even were I at fault, I do not claim that I reached my ultimate perfection from the outset, nor that I never erred. Just the opposite, I always retract anything the contrary of which becomes clear to me, whether in my writings or my nature. —Maimonides: Letter to his student Joseph ben Yehuda (circa 1190), Iggerot HaRambam, I. Shilat, Maaliyot, Maaleh Adumim, 1987, volume 1, page 295 [in Judeo-Arabic] Cuiusvis hominis est errare; nullius nisi insipientis in errore perseverare. [Any man can make a mistake; only a fool keeps making the same one.] —Attributed to Marcus Tullius Cicero If you find errors not given below or can suggest improvements to the book, please send us the details (email to [email protected] or hard copy to Edward M. Reingold, Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 West 31st Street, Suite 236, Chicago, IL 60616-3729 U.S.A.). If you have occasion to refer to errors below in corresponding with the authors, please refer to the item by page and line numbers in the book, not by item number.
    [Show full text]
  • Entering Information in the Electronic Time Clock
    Entering Information in the Electronic Time Clock Entering Information in the Electronic Time Clock (ETC) for Assistance Provided to Other Routes WHEN PROVIDING OFFICE ASSISTANCE Press "MOVE" Press "OFFICE" Type in the number of the route that your are assisting. This will be a six digit number that begins with 0 followed by the last two numbers of the zip code for that route and then one or two zeros and the number of the route. Example for route 2 in the 20886 zip code would be 086002 Route 15 in the 20878 zip code would be 078015 Then swipe your badge WHEN YOU HAVE FINISHED PROVIDING OFFICE ASSISTANCE Press "MOVE" Press "OFFICE" Type in the number of the route you are assigned to that day (as above) Swipe your badge WHEN PROVIDING STREET ASSISTANCE AND ENTERING THE INFORMATION WHEN YOU RETURN FROM THE STREET Press "MOVE" Press "STREET" Type in the number of the route that you assisted (as above) Type in the time that you started to provide assistance in decimal hours (3:30 would be 1550). See the conversion chart. Swipe your badge Press "MOVE" Press "STREET" Type in YOUR route number (as above) Type in the time you finished providing assistance to the other route, Swipe your badge Page 1 TIME CONVERSION TABLE Postal timekeepers use a combination of military time (for the hours) and decimal time (for the minutes). Hours in the morning need no conversion, but use a zero before hours below 10; to show evening hours, add 12. (Examples: 6:00 am = 0600; 1:00 pm = 1300.) Using this chart, convert minutes to fractions of one hundred.
    [Show full text]
  • RFP) for Services/Goods Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) and Physical Security and Stockpile Management (PSSM) in the Central
    Request for proposal (RFP) for services/goods Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) and Physical Security and Stockpile Management (PSSM) in the Central African Republic RFP No. GPSO_PSC_RFP_CAR_90801_01 Date: Monday 06 August 2014 Request for proposal EOD and PSSM in the Central African Republic RFP No. GPSO_PSC_RFP_CAR_90801_01) Section 1: Proposal data RFP number: GPSO_PSC_RFP_CAR_90801_01 Project: 00090801, Mine Action in Support of the MINUSCA Procurement official’s name: Rym Ghazzali Email: [email protected] Issue date: Wednesday 6th August 2014 Pre-proposal conference / site visit (“bidders’ visit”) Date: Wednesday 20th August 2014 Time: 9am local time (Bangui – West Central Africa time) Mode: In person at MINUSCA HQ in Bangui Place: Bangui – Central African Republic Nota Bene: Attention is drawn to paragraph 4 (b), Section 3: Instructions to Bidders. Participants must send passport scans of participants to Rym Ghazzali by 2359hrs Sunday 10th August. UNMAS CAR will attempt to obtain Note Verbales to facilitate entry into CAR and to forward them to bidders before COB Friday 15th August. The process of obtaining Note Verbales or Visas cannot be guaranteed by UNMAS CAR: bidders travel to CAR under their own risk. Requests for clarifications due Date: Wednesday 27 August 2014 Time: 5pm local time (Bangui – West Central Africa time) UNOPS clarifications to bidders due Date: Friday 29 August 2014 Time: 5pm local time (Bangui – West Central Africa time) Proposal due Date: Tuesday 02 September 2014 Time: 12pm (New York – Eastern Standard Time) Planned award date Date: Friday 26 September 2014 Planned contract start date / delivery date (on or before) Date: Monday 29 September 2014 UNOPS v2014.2 3 of 17 RFP Section 3: Instructions to bidders RFP (GPSO_PSC_RFP_CAR_90801_01) Request for proposal EOD and PSSM in The Central African Republic RFP No.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Work Programme 5Th STC Experts Meeting 23 to 24 November 2020
    AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE UNIÃO AFRICANA Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA P. O. Box 3243 Telephone: 251-11-5511092 Fax: 251-11-5510154 DRAFT WORK PROGRAMME EXPERTS MEETING 5th Specialised Technical Committee on Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment 23 – 24 November, 2020 Time: Central Africa Time (CAT): 10.00 am East Africa Time (EAT):11.00 am North Africa Time (NAT): 10.00 am South Africa Standards Time: SAST: 10.00 West Africa Time (WAT): 9.00 am DAY 1: 23 November, 2020 1. Opening Remarks a. Welcome and Opening: Ms. Anne Kenda, STC Experts Chairperson b. Introductory Remarks: Ms. Lehau Victoria Maloka, Ag Director, WGDD 2. Elections and Adoption of Agenda and Work Programme a. Elections of the new STC Bureau b. Presentation of the Draft Agenda and Draft Work Programme: WGDD AG. Director c. Adoption of the Draft Agenda and Draft Work Programme: STC Experts Chairperson 3. Statutory Matters a. 2019 Reports of the Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa (SDGEA) i. Member States and Chairperson’s Reports ii. Women, Peace and Security Report b. AU Strategy on Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment c. Final Review Report of the African Women’s Decade on Grassroots Approaches to Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment: 2010-2020 d. Fund for African Women e. Strategy and Action Plan on the African Women’s Decade on Financial and Economic Inclusion for African Women: 2020-2030 f. All for Maputo Protocol Project i. Maputo Protocol Scorecard and Index ii. Campaign for the ratification, domestication and implementation of the Maputo Protocol g. Gender Parity Project h.
    [Show full text]
  • Alasdair Gray and the Postmodern
    ALASDAIR GRAY AND THE POSTMODERN Neil James Rhind PhD in English Literature The University Of Edinburgh 2008 2 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis has been composed by me; that it is entirely my own work, and that it has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification except as specified on the title page. Signed: Neil James Rhind 3 CONTENTS Title……………………………………….…………………………………………..1 Declaration……………………………….…………………………………………...2 Contents………………………………………………………………………………3 Abstract………………………………….………………………………..…………..4 Note on Abbreviations…………………………………………………………….….6 1. Alasdair Gray : Sick of Being A Postmodernist……………………………..…….7 2. The Generic Blending of Lanark and the Birth of Postmodern Glasgow…….…..60 3. RHETORIC RULES, OK? : 1982, Janine and selected shorter novels………….122 4. Reforming The Victorians: Poor Things and Postmodern History………………170 5. After Postmodernism? : A History Maker………………………………………….239 6. Conclusion: Reading Postmodernism in Gray…………………………………....303 Endnotes……………………………………………………………………………..320 Works Cited………………………………………………………………………….324 4 ABSTRACT The prominence of the term ‘Postmodernism’ in critical responses to the work of Alasdair Gray has often appeared at odds with Gray’s own writing, both in his commitment to seemingly non-postmodernist concerns and his own repeatedly stated rejection of the label. In order to better understand Gray’s relationship to postmodernism, this thesis begins by outlining Gray’s reservations in this regard. Principally, this is taken as the result of his concerns
    [Show full text]
  • (Loadest): a Fortran Program for Estimating Constituent Loads in Streams and Rivers
    LOAD ESTIMATOR (LOADEST): A FORTRAN PROGRAM FOR ESTIMATING CONSTITUENT LOADS IN STREAMS AND RIVERS Techniques and Methods Book 4, Chapter A5 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Load Estimator (LOADEST): A FORTRAN Program for Estimating Constituent Loads in Streams and Rivers By Robert L. Runkel, Charles G. Crawford, and Timothy A. Cohn Techniques and Methods Book 4, Chapter A5 U.S. Department of the Interior! U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2004 For more information about the USGS and its products:! Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS! World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply ! endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, it contains copyrighted materials that are noted in the text. ! Permission to reproduce those items must be secured from the individual copyright owners. iii Contents Abstract . .. 1 1 Introduction . 2 1.1 Background . 2 1.2 Related Reading . 2 1.3 Report Organization . 2 1.4 Acknowledgments . .. 2 2 Theory . 3 2.1 Background – Linear Regression Approach to Load Estimation . 3 2.2 Load Estimation Methods used within LOADEST . 4 2.2.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) . 5 2.2.2 Adjusted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (AMLE) . 5 2.2.3 Least Absolute Deviation (LAD) . 6 2.2.4 Summary of MLE, AMLE, and LAD for Load Estimation .
    [Show full text]
  • SAS® Dates with Decimal Time John Henry King, Ouachita Clinical Data Services, Inc., Caddo Gap, AR
    Paper RF03-2015 SAS® Dates with Decimal Time John Henry King, Ouachita Clinical Data Services, Inc., Caddo Gap, AR ABSTRACT Did you know that a SAS-Date can have a decimal part that SAS treats as you might expect a fraction of a day also known as time? Often when data are imported from EXCEL an excel date-time will be imported as SAS-Date with a decimal part. This Rapid Fire tip discusses how to identify these values and gives examples of how to work with them including how to convert them to SAS-Date-time. INTRODUCTION A SAS-Date is defined as an integer number representing the number of days since 01JAN1960. For 01JAN1960 the internal SAS Date value is zero. The numeric value stored as Real Binary Floating Point can include a decimal portion and this decimal portion can represent time. For example the SAS-Date 0.5 can be considered to represent ½ day since 01JAN1960 or 01JAN1960:12:00:00. It is important to remember that for the most part SAS ignores the decimal portion and a SAS Date with a decimal value is NOT a SAS-Date-time value. USUALLY IGNORED As shown by this example SAS usually ignores the decimal part. Notice that for SAMEDAY alignment INTNX keeps the decimal part while alignment END and BEGIN drop it. data _null_; x = .5; put x= x=date9.; do align='B','E','S'; i = intnx('week',x,0,align); put i= i=date9. i=weekdate. align=; end; run; x=0.5 x=01JAN1960 i=-5 i=27DEC1959 i=Sunday, December 27, 1959 align=B i=1 i=02JAN1960 i=Saturday, January 2, 1960 align=E i=0.5 i=01JAN1960 i=Friday, January 1, 1960 align=S CONVERSION TO DATE-TIME Converting a SAS-Date with decimal time part to SAS-Date-Time can be done using DHMS function specifying 0 for the hour, minute, and second arguments.
    [Show full text]
  • Conversions from UTC to Other Time Zones: * = Previous
    Conversions from UTC to other time zones: * = previous day - (SEE ALSO ABREVIATIONS BELOW) CENTRAL AFRICA SOUTH AFRICAN PACIFIC STANDARD MOUNTAIN STANDARD CENTRAL STANDARD EASTERN STANDARD EASTERN DAY UTC TIME (CAT) TIME (SAST) TIME (PST) TIME (MST) TIME (CST) TIME (EST) TIME (EDT) UTC = (CAT-2) UTC = (SAST-2) MST = (UTC-7) CST = (UTC-6) EST = (UTC-5) GMT = UTC PST = (UTC-8) EDT = (UTC-4) CAT = (UTC+2) SAST = (UTC+2) PDT = (UTC-7) MDT = (UTC-6) CDT = (UTC-5) 0 02:00 AM 02:00 AM 4 pm * 5 pm * 6 pm * 7 pm * 8 pm * 1 03:00 AM 03:00 AM 5 pm * 6 pm * 7 pm * 8 pm * 9 pm * 2 04:00 AM 04:00 AM 6 pm * 7 pm * 8 pm * 9 pm * 10 pm * 3 05:00 AM 05:00 AM 7 pm * 8 pm * 9 pm * 10 pm * 11 pm * 4 06:00 AM 06:00 AM 8 pm * 9 pm * 10 pm * 11 pm * 12 mid 5 07:00 AM 07:00 AM 9 pm * 10 pm * 11 pm * 12 mid 01:00 AM 6 08:00 AM 08:00 AM 10 pm * 11 pm * 12 mid 01:00 AM 02:00 AM 7 09:00 AM 09:00 AM 11 pm * 12 mid 01:00 AM 02:00 AM 03:00 AM 8 10:00 AM 10:00 AM 12 mid 01:00 AM 02:00 AM 03:00 AM 04:00 AM 9 11:00 AM 11:00 AM 01:00 AM 02:00 AM 03:00 AM 04:00 AM 05:00 AM 10 12 mid 12 mid 02:00 AM 03:00 AM 04:00 AM 05:00 AM 06:00 AM 11 01:00 PM 01:00 PM 03:00 AM 04:00 AM 05:00 AM 06:00 AM 07:00 AM 12 02:00 PM 02:00 PM 04:00 AM 05:00 AM 06:00 AM 07:00 AM 08:00 AM 13 03:00 PM 03:00 PM 05:00 AM 06:00 AM 07:00 AM 08:00 AM 09:00 AM 14 04:00 PM 04:00 PM 06:00 AM 07:00 AM 08:00 AM 09:00 AM 10:00 AM 15 05:00 PM 05:00 PM 07:00 AM 08:00 AM 09:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 16 06:00 PM 06:00 PM 08:00 AM 09:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12 noon 17 07:00 PM 07:00 PM 09:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12
    [Show full text]
  • Stephen Mihm Associate Professor of History University of Georgia 7 November 2014
    THE STANDARDS OF THE STATE: WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND NATION MAKING IN THE EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC Stephen Mihm Associate Professor of History University of Georgia 7 November 2014 “State Formations: Histories and Cultures of Statehood” Center for Historical Research at the Ohio State University Do Not Cite or Quote without Permission In January 1830, a committee appointed by the Delaware House of Representatives filed a report to the larger General Assembly. The committee, created in response to a petition praying that the Delaware state government do something to establish “uniform weights and measures,” deemed it “inexpedient to make any legislative enactment upon this subject.” Their argument for inaction, laid out in great detail, reveals something about the fault lines of federalism at this time. “Congress alone can remedy the evils under which we labor, for want of a uniform standard,” they observed: Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution explicitly gave Congress the power to “fix the standard of weights and measures.” But Congress, while possessor of this prerogative, had declined to act, despite entreaties to do so. The committee ruefully reported that while “a great variety of useful and curious learning has been developed” as Congress grappled with the problem, “no law has yet been enacted by that body, to fix that standard.” The individual states, the committee reported, had acted, despite the questionable constitutionality of doing so. Each established their own weights and measures, driven by whatever their “particular circumstances seemed to require.” As a consequence, observed the committee, “scarcely any two States agree in their standards of weights and measures.” A small state like Delaware, overshadowed by the large commercial cities of Baltimore and Philadelphia, followed at least two – and likely many more – sets of standards, all of them at variance with each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Time, Timetables & Speed
    G.07 G.05 Time, Timetables & Speed Questions involving time are often badly answered in GCSE exams. This is because students use non-calculator addition and subtraction methods learned for use with the decimal number system (H, T, U, etc) with time. This follows a different number system (60 sec in 1 minute, 60 min in 1 hour, 24 hours in 1 day, etc), so methods involving ‘carrying’ and ‘borrowing’ don’t work in the same way. For example, in decimal o I buy two items costing £6.53 and £1.48, how much have I spent? o How much change do I get from £10 But in time o If it is 0653 now, what time will it be in 1 hour and 48 minutes? o and how much time will then elapse until 1000? G.07 G.05 When working with time questions, drawing a time line is often helpful. If the question allows you to use a calculator, learn to use the time button So for the previous question the button presses would be: 6 53 + 1 48 = and 10 0 - 8 41 = GCSE Maths Paper 2 PPQ (Calc OK) G.07 G.05 GCSE Numeracy Paper 2 PPQ (Calc OK) G.07 G.05 Timetables Often appear on a non-calculator paper. Use a timeline and if the journey has more than one stage DO NOT ASSUME they move directly from one stage to another without time passing waiting for the next departure. GCSE Maths Paper 1 PPQ (non-Calc) GCSE Maths Paper 1 PPQ (non-Calc) G.07 G.05 G.07 G.05 Time Zones GCSE Numeracy Paper 1 PPQ (non-Calc) G.07 G.05 G.07 G.05 Average Speed and Decimal Time Another aspect where things go wrong! For example Write 4 hours 15 minutes as a decimal value If this is asked on a Paper 2, once again the time button is your friend! The button presses would be 4 15 = Then pressing again will turn the time to decimal and back again as you repeatedly press the button.
    [Show full text]
  • Join Emerald's Upcoming Free Webinars We Would Like to Share with You Our Special Webinar Sessions That Will Take Place in May and June
    Join Emerald's Upcoming free webinars We would like to share with you our special webinar sessions that will take place in May and June. Choose your favorite topics, and register now. Please make sure to select your timezone on registration. Publish Open Access 31 May 2021 A comprehensive session on open access 1 - 2 p.m. West Africa Time publications, modules and process. 2 - 3 p.m. Central Africa Time 3 - 4 p.m. East Africa Time Why Institutions should publish Registration link: bit.ly/33xoKXv “Open Access Journals” Different types of Open Access Models for Institutional Journals What should you do to start an Institutional OA Journal? What to look for when publishing your Institution’s OA Journal? Run a successful journal The Journal's publishing process Additional publishing services Emerald Insight platform training 8 June 2021 Get to know Emerald's online collection and 1 - 2 p.m. West Africa Time engage in an interactive platform demo 2 - 3 p.m. Central Africa Time training 3 - 4 p.m. East Africa Time Registration link: bit.ly/2RJDYGb Becoming an Editor 14 June 2021 Discover how to attract submissions, promote 1 - 2 p.m. West Africa Time your journal, build lasting relationships with 2 - 3 p.m. Central Africa Time your reviewers and improve your journal's 3 - 4 p.m. East Africa Time reputation. Registration link: bit.ly/3vXXxJE The core tasks and responsibilities of an editor and editorial team Journal publishing process Attracting journal submissions What if manuscripts are not publication ready? The peer review process The editor's role in the peer- review process Finding and keeping reviewers Promote your journal Develop and monitor your journal Reviewer Role 14 June 2021 Find out how being a reviewer could benefit 2 - 3 p.m.
    [Show full text]