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Re-Authoring Life Narratives After Trauma HTS Religion & Society Series Volume 5 Re-Authoring Life Narratives After Trauma A Holistic Narrative Model of Care Charles B. Manda HTS Religion & Society Series Volume 5 Re-Authoring Life Narratives After ­Trauma A Holistic Narrative Model of Care Published by AOSIS (Pty) Ltd, 15 Oxford Street, Durbanville 7550, Cape Town, South Africa Postnet Suite #110, Private Bag X19, Durbanville 7551, South Africa Tel: +27 21 975 2602 Fax: +27 21 975 4635 Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.aosis.co.za Copyright © Charles B. Manda. Licensee: AOSIS (Pty) Ltd The moral right of the author has been asserted. Cover image: Original photograph by Dr Charles Manda. All rights reserved. No unauthorised duplication allowed. Published in 2019 Impression: 1 ISBN: 978-1-928396-89-5 (print) ISBN: 978-1-928396-90-1 (ebook) ISBN: 978-1-928396-91-8 (pdf) DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/aosis.2019.BK107 How to cite this work: Manda, C.B., 2019, ‘Re-Authoring Life Narratives After Trauma: A Holistic Narrative Model of Care’, in HTS Religion & Society Series Volume 5, pp. i–369, AOSIS, Cape Town. HTS Religion & Society Series ISSN: 2617-5819 Series Editor: Andries G. van Aarde Printed and bound in South Africa. Listed in OAPEN (http://www.oapen.org), DOAB (http://www.doabooks.org/) and indexed by Google Scholar. Some rights reserved. This is an open access publication. Except where otherwise noted, this work is distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), a copy of which is available at https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Enquiries outside the terms of the Creative Commons licence should be sent to the Rights Department, AOSIS, at the above address or to [email protected] The publisher accepts no responsibility for any statement made or opinion expressed in this publication. Consequently, the publishers and copyright holder will not be liable for any loss or damage sustained by any reader as a result of his or her action upon any statement or opinion in this work. Links by third-party websites are provided by AOSIS in good faith and for information only. AOSIS disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third-party website referenced in this work. Every effort has been made to protect the interest of copyright holders. Should any infringement have occurred inadvertently, the publisher apologises and undertakes to amend the omission in the event of a reprint. HTS Religion & Society Series Volume 5 Re-Authoring Life ­Narratives After ­Trauma A Holistic Narrative Model of Care Charles B. Manda I dedicate this book to the memory of my late father, Bester John Manda, mother, Jelita Manda, and late six siblings, and to my current family, Divine, Shalom, Hatikvah and Joy Religious Studies domain editorial board at AOSIS Commissioning Editor: Scholarly Books Andries van Aarde, Post Retirement Professor in the Dean’s Office, Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Board Members Warren Carter, Professor of New Testament, Brite Divinity School, Fort Worth, United States Christian Danz, Dekan der Evangelisch-Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Wien and Ordentlicher Universität professor für Systematische Theologie und Religionswissenschaft, University of Vienna, Austria Pieter G.R. de Villiers, Associate Editor, Extraordinary Professor in Biblical Spirituality, Faculty of Theology, University of the Free State, South Africa Musa W. Dube, Department of Theology & Religious Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Botswana, Botswana David D. Grafton, Professor of Islamic Studies and Christian–Muslim Relations, Duncan Black Macdonald Center for the Study of Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, Hartford Seminary, Hartford, Connecticut, United States Jens Herzer, Theologische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, Germany Jeanne Hoeft, Dean of Students and Associate Professor of Pastoral Theology and Pastoral Care, Saint Paul School of Theology, Leawood, KA, United States of America Dirk J. Human, Associate Editor, Deputy Dean and Professor of Old Testament Studies, Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa D. Andrew Kille, Former Chair of the SBL Psychology and Bible Section, and Editor of the Bible Workbench, San Jose, United States William R.G. Loader, Emeritus Professor, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia Isabel A. Phiri, Associate General Secretary for Public Witness and Diakonia, World Council of Churches, Geneva, Switzerland Marcel Sarot, Emeritus Professor of Fundamental Theology, Tilburg School of Catholic Theology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands Corneliu C. Simut, Professor of Historical and Dogmatic Theology, Emanuel University, Oradea, Bihor, Romania Rothney S. Tshaka, Professor and Head of Department of Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Elaine M. Wainwright, Emeritus Professor, School of Theology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Executive Leader, Mission and Ministry, McAuley Centre, Australia Gerald West, Associate Editor, School of Religion, Philosophy and Classics in the College of Humanities, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Peer Review Declaration The publisher (AOSIS) endorses the South African ‘National Scholarly Book Publishers Forum Best Practice for Peer Review of Scholarly Books’. The manuscript was subjected to a rigorous two-step peer review process prior to publication, with the identities of the reviewers not revealed to the author(s). The reviewers were independent of the publisher and/or authors in question. The reviewers commented positively on the scholarly merits of the manuscript and recommended that the manuscript should be published. Where the reviewers recommended revision and/or improvements to the manuscript, the authors responded adequately to such recommendations. Research Justification Re-authoring Life Narratives after Trauma is an interdisciplinary, specialist resource for traumatic stress researchers, practitioners and frontline workers who focus their research and work on communities from diverse religious backgrounds that are confronted with trauma, death, illness and other existential crises. This book aims to argue that the biopsychosocial approach is limited in scope when it comes to reaching a holistic model of assessing and treating individuals and communities that are exposed to trauma. The holistic model must integrate an understanding of and respect for the many forms of religion and spirituality that clients might have (Pargament 2011). It will not only bring a spiritual perspective into the psychotherapeutic dialogue, but it will also assist in dealing with the different demands in pastoral ministry as related to clinical and post-traumatic settings. The combination of psychotherapy, counselling and faith practices may provide a research resource from which specialists can infer theories and models to guide clients who have remained captive in past trauma and consequently in an immature faith towards spiritual maturity, mental health and well-being. This book is a product of interdisciplinary doctoral research in the disciplines of practical theology, psychology and psychiatry, which was conducted in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, over a span of five years. The study began as a critique of the biopsychosocial approach to assessing and treating trauma survivors. The biopsychosocial approach recognises that trauma affects people on several dimensions – biological, social and psychological. This participatory action research utilised a narrative approach to listen to personal narratives of trauma survivors on various levels, with the aim of looking in detail at the effects of traumatic experiences on their lives and understanding the theologies or spiritual values that underlie these personal narratives. The narratives were documented and subjected to scholarly interpretation. The findings show that, besides biopsychosocial effects, the research participants sustained moral and spiritual injuries during their traumatic experiences. Trauma took an emotional, psychological and spiritual toll on their lives as well as on their relationships with themselves, others and with God. Regardless of their religious affiliation, they turned to spiritual resources for answers and deeper social redress in their traumatic situations. The results have a much wider relevance in understanding the role of post-traumatic spirituality in re-authoring of life narratives shattered by trauma. The book makes several contributions to scholarship in the disciplines of, although not limited to, traumatic stress studies, pastoral care and counselling, psychology and psychiatry. Firstly, the book brings spirituality into the psychotherapeutic dialogue; traditionally, religious and spiritual topics have not been a welcome part of the psychotherapeutic dialogue. Secondly, it underscores the significance of documenting literary narratives as a means of healing trauma; writing about our traumas enables us to express things that cannot be conveyed in words, and to bring to light what has been suppressed and imagine new possibilities of living meaningfully in a changed world. Thirdly, it proposes an extension to the five-stage model of trauma and recovery coined by Judith Herman in her book Trauma and Recovery. Charles B. Manda, Department of Practical Theology, Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Contents
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