How to Response Against Web Security Incident
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The Samhain Host Integrity Monitoring System the Samhain Host Integrity Monitoring System This Is Version 2.4.3 of the Samhain Manual
The Samhain Host Integrity Monitoring System The Samhain Host Integrity Monitoring System This is version 2.4.3 of the Samhain manual. Copyright © 2002-2019 Rainer Wichmann Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. You may obtain a copy of the GNU Free Documentation Licensefrom the Free Software Foundation by visiting their Web site or by writing to: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. This manual refers to version 4.4.0 of Samhain. Table of Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1. Backward compatibility ...................................................................................... 1 2. Compiling and installing ............................................................................................. 2 1. Overview ......................................................................................................... 2 2. Requirements .................................................................................................... 3 3. Download and extract ......................................................................................... 3 4. Configuring the source ...................................................................................... -
Hodetector: the Hidden Objects Detection Based on Static Semantic Information Library Outside Virtual Machine 1393
HODetector: The Hidden Objects Detection Based on Static Semantic Information Library Outside Virtual Machine 1393 HODetector: The Hidden Objects Detection Based on Static Semantic Information Library Outside Virtual Machine YongGang Li1, 2, ChaoYuan Cui1, BingYu Sun1, WenBo Li3* 1 Institute of Intelligent Machine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 2 School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, China 3 Institute of Technology Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China [email protected], {cycui, bysun, wbli}@iim.ac.cn Abstract objects for virtual machine security. For virtualization security, the traditional secure With the spread of malwares, the security of virtual tools detecting malwares are placed into the guest VM machine (VM) is suffering severe challenges recent years. (GVM) that may be injected by computer viruses. So, Rootkits and their variants can hide themselves and other it’s possible that the secure tool will be bypassed or kernel objects such as processes, files, and modules cheated. For example, a rootkit named f00lkit can making malicious activity hard to be detected. The bypass Chkrootkit and Rkhunter, the most popular anti- existed solutions are either coarse-grained, monitoring at malwares tools in Linux. Compared with the traditional virtual machine level, or non-universal, only supporting method, one mechanism called out-of-box [3] detecting specific operating system with specific modification. In malwares out of VM is a better way, because the this paper, we propose a fine-grained approach called secure tool is outside any span of malwares. Then HODetector based on static semantic information library another problem appears: semantic gap [4]. -
Cloaker: Hardware Supported Rootkit Concealment
Cloaker: Hardware Supported Rootkit Concealment Francis M. David, Ellick M. Chan, Jeffrey C. Carlyle, Roy H. Campbell Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 201 N Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 {fdavid,emchan,jcarlyle,rhc}@uiuc.edu Abstract signers resorted to more complex techniques such as modi- fying boot sectors [33, 51] and manipulating the in-memory Rootkits are used by malicious attackers who desire to image of the kernel. These rootkits are susceptible to de- run software on a compromised machine without being de- tection by tools that check kernel code and data for alter- tected. They have become stealthier over the years as a ation [43, 13, 42, 21]. Rootkits that modify the system consequence of the ongoing struggle between attackers and BIOS or device firmware [25, 26] can also be detected by system defenders. In order to explore the next step in rootkit integrity checking tools. More recently, virtualization tech- evolution and to build strong defenses, we look at this issue nology has been studied as yet another means to conceal from the point of view of an attacker. We construct Cloaker, rootkits [31, 44]. These rootkits remain hidden by running a proof-of-concept rootkit for the ARM platform that is non- the host OS in a virtual machine environment. To counter persistent and only relies on hardware state modifications the threat from these Virtual Machine Based Rootkits (VM- for concealment and operation. A primary goal in the de- BRs), researchers have detailed approaches to detect if code sign of Cloaker is to not alter any part of the host oper- is executing inside a virtual machine [20]. -
A Brief Study and Comparison Of, Open Source Intrusion Detection System Tools
International Journal of Advanced Computational Engineering and Networking, ISSN: 2320-2106, Volume-1, Issue-10, Dec-2013 A BRIEF STUDY AND COMPARISON OF, OPEN SOURCE INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM TOOLS 1SURYA BHAGAVAN AMBATI, 2DEEPTI VIDYARTHI 1,2Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU) Pune –411025 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract - As the world becomes more connected to the cyber world, attackers and hackers are becoming increasingly sophisticated to penetrate computer systems and networks. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays a vital role in defending a network against intrusion. Many commercial IDSs are available in marketplace but with high cost. At the same time open source IDSs are also available with continuous support and upgradation from large user community. Each of these IDSs adopts a different approaches thus may target different applications. This paper provides a quick review of six Open Source IDS tools so that one can choose the appropriate Open Source IDS tool as per their organization requirements. Keywords - Intrusion Detection, Open Source IDS, Network Securit, HIDS, NIDS. I. INTRODUCTION concentrate on the activities in a host without considering the activities in the computer networks. Every day, intruders are invading countless homes On the other hand, NIDS put its focus on computer and organisations across the country via virus, networks without examining the hosts’ activities. worms, Trojans, DoS/DDoS attacks by inserting bits Intrusion Detection methodologies can be classified of malicious code. Intrusion detection system tools as Signature based detection, Anomaly based helps in protecting computer and network from a detection and Stateful Protocol analysis based numerous threats and attacks. -
Linux-Professional-Institute-LPI-303
LPIC-3: Linux Enterprise Professional Certification LPIC-3 303: Security LPIC-3 is a professional certification program program that covers enterprise Linux specialties. LPIC-3 303 covers administering Linux enterprise-wide with an emphasis on Security. To become LPIC-3 certified, a candidate with an active LPIC-1 and LPIC-2 certification must pass at least one of the following specialty exams. Upon successful completion of the requirements, they will be entitled to the specialty designation: LPIC-3 Specialty Name. For example, LPIC-3 Virtualization & High Availability. Specialties: • 300: Mixed Environment • 303: Security • 304: Virtualization and High Availability TOPIC 325: CRYPTOGRAPHY • Configure Apache HTTPD with mod_ssl to that performs DNSSEC validation on behalf of 325.1 X.509 Certificates and Public Key provide HTTPS service, including SNI and its clients Infrastructures (5) HSTS • Key Signing Key, Zone Signing Key, Key Tag Candidates should understand X.509 certificates • Configure Apache HTTPD with mod_ssl to • Key generation, key storage, key management and public key infrastructures. They should know authenticate users using certificates and key rollover how to configure and use OpenSSL to implement • Configure Apache HTTPD with mod_ssl to • Maintenance and re-signing of zones certification authorities and issue SSL certificates provide OCSP stapling • Use DANE to publish X.509 certificate for various purposes. • Use OpenSSL for SSL/TLS client and server information in DNS Key knowledge areas: tests • Use TSIG for secure communication with BIND • Understand X.509 certificates, X.509 certificate 325.3 Encrypted File Systems (3) TOPIC 326: HOST SECURITY lifecycle, X.509 certificate fields and X.509v3 Candidates should be able to setup and 326.1 Host Hardening (3) certificate extensions configure encrypted file systems. -
The Forseti Distributed File Integrity Checker
Cluster Security with NVisionCC: The Forseti Distributed File Integrity Checker Adam J. Lee†‡, Gregory A. Koenig†‡, and William Yurcik† †National Center for Supercomputing Applications ‡Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign {adamlee, koenig, byurcik}@ncsa.uiuc.edu Abstract for a number of malicious actions. In many cases, the password used to log into a single node can be used Attackers who are able to compromise a single node to access a large number of nodes in the system, al- in a high performance computing cluster can use that lowing the attacker to utilize the vast computing and node as a launch point for a number of malicious ac- storage capabilities of the compromised cluster to carry tions. In many cases, the password used to log into out brute-force password cracking, launch distributed a single node can be used to access a large number of denial of service attacks, or serve illegal digital content. nodes in the system, allowing the attacker to utilize the Additionally, an attacker can listen to network traffic vast computing and storage capabilities of the compro- for other users to log into their compromised nodes in mised cluster to sniff network traffic, carry out brute- hopes of learning passwords for other accounts on these force password cracking, launch distributed denial of systems. service attacks, or serve illegal digital content. Often, The recent rise in popularity of grid computing has these types of attackers modify important system files exacerbated this problem by increasing the amount to collect passwords to other accounts, disable certain of damage that can be caused with a single compro- logging facilities, or create back-doors into the system. -
Linuks I Maliciozni Programi
[0] Intro * Napomena: Ako pri čitanju članka nai ñete na neke nepoznate pojmove, preporu čujem čitanje Malog Re čnika Zaštite (http://www.mycity.rs/Zastita/Mali-recnik-zastite.html) kako bi se informisali o tim pojmovima ili možda rešili neke nedoumice po pitanju razgrani čavanja pojmova. Rešio sam da malo prou čim kakvo je stanje na Linuksu po pitanju malicioznih programa ( malware -a) i da ovim člankom utvrdim " malware scenu" Linuksa. Da bih to istražio morao sam da pose ćujem razli čite underground sajtove na kojima sam mogao da na ñem razne maliciozne programe. Kao što znamo, Linuks generalno važi za bezbedan operativni sistem, ali ipak nije u potpunosti imun na malware . U članku će biti opisani razlozi zašto je to tako, na čini zaštite, inficiranje u realnom vremenu, pokušaj dezinfekcije i neki generalni saveti i utisci. Kod pojedinih stvari će biti napravljena paralela sa operativnim sistemom Windows . Bobby me je, tako ñe, snabdeo sa razli čitim uzorcima malware -a za Linuks u vidu ELF datoteka, shell i perl skripti koje sam testirao na virtualnoj mašini, a neke na fizi čkoj mašini (testirani malware ne ću da imenujem, ve ć ću ga pomenuti u generi čkom smislu). Za svaki operativni sistem je mogu će napraviti malware koji će uništiti, tj. onesposobiti taj operativni sistem. Me ñutim, moderni malware ima tendenciju da preuzme kontrolu nad ra čunarom (tj. da napravi zombija) kako bi poslužio nekoj svrsi tvorcima malware-a ili kako bi se pokrali neki podaci. Što se ti če onesposobljavanja operativnog sistema, najlakše ga je onesposobiti tako što mu se zauzmu resursi. -
Detecting Kernel Rootkits
Dartmouth College Dartmouth Digital Commons Computer Science Technical Reports Computer Science 9-2-2008 Detecting kernel rootkits Ashwin Ramaswamy Dartmouth College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/cs_tr Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Dartmouth Digital Commons Citation Ramaswamy, Ashwin, "Detecting kernel rootkits" (2008). Computer Science Technical Report TR2008-627. https://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/cs_tr/314 This Technical Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science at Dartmouth Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Computer Science Technical Reports by an authorized administrator of Dartmouth Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Detecting kernel rootkits Ashwin Ramaswamy Department of Computer Science Dartmouth College Masters Thesis Proposal Dartmouth Computer Science Technical Report TR2008-627 Proposal Presentation Date: 2 September, 2008 Abstract Kernel rootkits are a special category of malware that are deployed directly in the kernel and hence have unmitigated reign over the functionalities of the kernel itself. We seek to detect such rootkits that are deployed in the real world by first observing how the majority of kernel rootkits operate. To this end, comparable to how rootkits function in the real world, we write our own kernel rootkit that manipulates the network driver, thus giving us control over all packets sent into the network. We then implement a mechanism to thwart the attacks of such rootkits by noticing that a large number of the rootkits deployed today rely heavily on the redirection of function pointers within the kernel. By overwriting the desired function pointer to its own function, a rootkit can perform a proverbial man-in-the-middle attack. -
Unix/Mac/Linux OS Malware 10/15/2020
Unix/Mac/Linux OS Malware 10/15/2020 Report #: 202010151030 Agenda • Executive Summary • Origin of Modern Operating Systems • Overview of Operating Systems o Desktop o Servers o Super Computers o Mobile o Attack Surface and CVEs • Malware Case Studies o Drovorub o Hidden Wasp o Operation Windigo o MAC Malware Slides Key: • Defending Against Malware The picture can't be displayed. Non-Technical: Managerial, strategic and high- • Summary level (general audience) The picture can't be displayed. Technical: Tactical / IOCs; requiring in-depth knowledge (system admins, IRT) TLP: WHITE, ID# 202010151030 2 Executive Summary • Unix and Unix-like systems drive most of today's computer systems. • Vulnerabilities and malware • Threat mitigation o Comprehensive security policies o Access control o Regular updates and backups o Training employees o Improving posture and maturity TLP: WHITE, ID# 202010151030 3 Modern Operating Systems "Determining the operating system on which the server runs is the most important part of hacking. Mostly, hacking is breaking into the target's system to steal data or any such purpose. Hence, the security of the system becomes the thing of prime importance." Source: Parikh, K. (2020, August) The Hackers Library Functions of Operating Systems Timeline of the Origins of Operating Systems TLP: WHITE, ID# 202010151030 4 Overview of Operating Systems (Non-Mobile) Unix Chrome OS •Derived from Original AT&T Unix •Free and open-source •Command-line input •Graphical user interface •Very popular among scientific, •Based on Linux -
I3FS: an In-Kernel Integrity Checker and Intrusion Detection File System Swapnil Patil, Anand Kashyap, Gopalan Sivathanu, and Erez Zadok Stony Brook University
I3FS: An In-Kernel Integrity Checker and Intrusion Detection File System Swapnil Patil, Anand Kashyap, Gopalan Sivathanu, and Erez Zadok Stony Brook University Appears in the proceedings of the 18th USENIX Large Installation System Administration Conference (LISA 2004) Abstract System administrators must stay alert to protect their systems against the effects of malicious intrusions. In Today, improving the security of computer systems this process, the administrators must first detect that an has become an important and difficult problem. Attack- intrusion has occurred and that the system is in an in- ers can seriously damage the integrity of systems. At- consistent state. Second, they have to investigate the tack detection is complex and time-consuming for sys- damage done by attackers, like data deletion, adding in- tem administrators, and it is becoming more so. Current secure Trojan programs, etc. Finally, they have to fix integrity checkers and IDSs operate as user-mode utili- the vulnerabilities to avoid future attacks. These steps ties and they primarily perform scheduled checks. Such are often too difficult and hence machines are mostly re- systems are less effective in detecting attacks that hap- installed and then reconfigured. Our work does not aim pen between scheduled checks. These user tools can be at preventing malicious intrusions, but offers a method easily compromised if an attacker breaks into the sys- of notifying administrators and restricting access once tem with administrator privileges. Moreover, these tools an intrusion has happened, so as to minimize the effects result in significant performance degradation during the of attacks. Our system uses integrity checking to detect checks. -
SM User Guide
Oracle® Communications Tekelec Virtual Operating Environment Licensing Information User Manual Release 3.5 E93070-01 November 2017 Copyright ©2010, 2017 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. No other rights are granted to the U.S. -
Academic Linux Kernel Module Rootkit — Final Year Engineering Project
Academic Linux Kernel Module Rootkit — Final Year Engineering Project AUTHOR TUTOR Victor Ruben Lacort Pellicer Julio Hernandez-Castro University of Valencia University of Portsmouth May 7, 2010 ii Contents Abstract 1 I Overview 3 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Overview . .5 1.1.1 Problem statement . .6 1.1.2 Project aims . .6 1.1.3 Project constraints . .7 1.1.4 Project deliverables . .8 iii iv CONTENTS 1.2 Literature review . .9 1.3 Report structure . 11 2 Rootkits 13 2.1 Backdoors . 14 2.2 Taxonomy of UNIX Rootkits . 16 2.2.1 User-mode Rootkits: Toolkit . 16 2.2.2 Kernel-mode Rootkits . 17 2.3 Well-known Rootkits . 19 2.4 Countermeasures . 20 2.4.1 Kernel without Dynamic Module support . 21 2.4.2 Admin Tools: chrootkit & rkhunter . 22 3 How to build an evil LKM 25 3.1 Structure of a LKM . 26 CONTENTS v 3.2 Compiling modules . 27 3.3 User Mode and Kernel Mode . 28 3.3.1 System Calls . 29 3.3.2 printk() function . 30 3.4 Hacking system calls . 31 3.4.1 Risks of hacking sys_call_table .............. 34 3.4.2 Kernel version 2.4 . 35 3.4.3 Kernel version 2.6 . 37 II Design 41 4 Project Methodology 43 4.1 Available methodologies . 44 4.1.1 Waterfall Model . 44 4.1.2 Prototyping Model . 45 vi CONTENTS 4.1.3 Spiral Model . 46 4.1.4 Incremental Model . 47 4.1.5 Component Assembly Model . 48 4.2 Selected model . 48 5 Requirement analysis 49 5.1 Ubuntu 9.10 .