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Level 2 Earth and Space Science (91192) 2012 91192 911920 SUPERVISOR’S2 USE ONLY Level 2 Earth and Space Science, 2012 91192 Demonstrate understanding of stars and planetary systems 2.00 pm Tuesday 27 November 2012 Credits: Four Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence Demonstrate understanding of stars and Demonstrate in-depth understanding of Demonstrate comprehensive planetary systems. stars and planetary systems. understanding of stars and planetary systems. Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the top of this page. You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet. If you need more space for any answer, use the page(s) provided at the back of this booklet and clearly number the question. Check that this booklet has pages 2 –8 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank. YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION. TOTAL ASSESSOR’S USE ONLY © New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand QualificationsAuthority. 2 You are advised to spend 60 minutes answering the questions in this booklet. ASSESSOR’S USE ONLY QUESTION ONE: ALPHA MENSAE Alpha Mensae is the brightest star in the constellation Mensa. It is a yellow-orange main sequence star like our Sun. Explain in detail each of the stages (birth, life and death) in the life cycle of Alpha Mensae. In your answer you should refer to: • fuel type and use • mass • gravity • energy changes. You may wish to include a labelled diagram in your answer. Earth and Space Science 91192, 2012 3 ASSESSOR’S USE ONLY Earth and Space Science 91192, 2012 4 ASSESSOR’S QUESTION TWO: CANIS MAJOR USE ONLY The constellation Canis Major, contains Sirius A, the brightest star in the night sky, and Adhara which is also a very bright star in our night sky. STELLAR TEMPERATURE 40 000°C30 000°C10 000°C7 500°C6 000°C4 900°C3 500°C3 400°C SUPERGIANTS – Ia –8 –6 SUPERGIANTS – Ib –4 Adhara –2 BRIGHT GIANTS – II 0 GIANTS – III 2 Sirius A SUBGIANTS – IV MAIN SEQUENCE 4 6 Sun ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE 8 10 12 WHITE DW 14 ARFS 16 0 B A F G K M SPECTRAL CLASS Compare and contrast the characteristics of Sirius A and Adhara, using their relative positions on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram above as a starting point in your answer. In your answer you should refer to: • star type • star formation • size • mass • luminosity • fuel usage. Earth and Space Science 91192, 2012 5 ASSESSOR’S USE ONLY Earth and Space Science 91192, 2012 6 ASSESSOR’S QUESTION THREE: MOONS OF MARS AND THE MOON OF EARTH USE ONLY Earth has one large moon orbiting it, whereas Mars has two very small moons, Phobos and Deimos, orbiting it. Earth and Mars are similar in size, and in their positions in the solar system, but their moons were formed in very different ways. http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/IMAGES/ www.123rf.com/photo_6472305_a- SMALL/GPN-2000-001437.jpg digital-painting-of-the-red-planet- mars-and-2-of-it-s-moons-phobos-and- deimos.html Discuss, with reasons, the stages in the formation of the moons of Earth and Mars. In your answer you should refer to • origin of moons • differences in the planetary orbits of Earth and Mars • differences in gravitational pull. Earth and Space Science 91192, 2012 7 ASSESSOR’S USE ONLY Earth and Space Science 91192, 2012 8 Extra paper if required. ASSESSOR’S USE ONLY QUESTION Write the question number(s) if applicable. NUMBER 91192 Earth and Space Science 91192, 2012.
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