GUERRA-PEIXE: Minas De Som 100 Anos
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The Reception and Dissemination of European Music Theories in Brazil Riemann, Schenker, and Schoenberg
The Reception and Dissemination of European Music Theories in Brazil Riemann, Schenker, and Schoenberg Carlos de Lemos Almada, Guilherme Sauerbronn de Barros, Rodolfo Coelho de Souza, Cristina Capparelli Gerling, Ilza Nogueira The history of music theory in Brazil is still not adequately represented in Brazilian musicology. When the Brazilian Association for Music Theory and Analysis (Associação Brasileira de Teoria e Análise Musical – TeMA) was founded in 2014, it took upon itself the task of redressing this imbal- ance by creating a study group dedicated to the “Historiography of Brazilian Music Theory and Analysis” (“Produção teórica e analítica no Brasil: trajetórias e identidades”). This article represents the group’s first step toward developing a historiographical and critical literature related to theoret- ical and analytical music studies in Brazil. It aims at historicizing the absorption and development of European theories in the country and at showing how the idiosyncratic use of European theories in Brazil has been informed by pedagogical and research practice. Mostly dedicated to Brazilian musical contexts, theoretical-analytical studies developed in Brazil have creatively deployed im- ported theoretical models for pedagogical, analytical, or compositional purposes. European theo- ries, such as those of Hugo Riemann, Heinrich Schenker, and Arnold Schoenberg, have been sub- ject to distinctive interpretations in Brazilian academic research. Die brasilianische Musikwissenschaft ist bislang der Geschichte der Musiktheorie in Brasilien nicht gerecht geworden. Als die Brasilianische Gesellschaft für Musiktheorie und Musikanalyse (Associ- ação Brasileira de Teoria e Análise Musical – TeMA) im Jahr 2014 gegründet wurde, nahm sie sich vor, diesem Defizit entgegenzuwirken und gründete die Studiengruppe “Historiographie der brasi- lianischen Musiktheorie und Analyse“ (“Produção teórica e analítica no Brasil: trajetórias e identi- dades”). -
An Annotated Bibliography of Works by the Brazilian Composer Sérgio Assad João Paulo Figueirôa Da Cruz
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2008 An Annotated Bibliography of Works by the Brazilian Composer Sérgio Assad João Paulo Figueirôa Da Cruz Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS BY THE BRAZILIAN COMPOSER SÉRGIO ASSAD By João Paulo Figueirôa da Cruz A Treatise submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Music Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2008 Copyright © 2008 João Paulo Figueirôa da Cruz All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve the treatise of João Paulo Figueirôa da Cruz defended on June 17, 2008. ______________________________________ Evan Jones Professor Directing Treatise ______________________________________ James Mathes Outside Committee Member ______________________________________ Bruce Holzman Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee member ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would have not been possible without the support of many individuals who helped this project. I would like to thank Hanh Hoang for her assistance in the concretization of this document and Byron Fogo for his kindness to offer his help in this project. I do not have words to express my gratitude to all my committee members. I want to thank Dr. Jones for his devotion and wisdom directing this work, Dr. Mathes for agreeing to join the committee at the last minute, Dr. Olsen for his help and support during the years and finally Prof. Holzman for all these years which he gave his best to me! I would like to thank Fábio Zanon, Luciano César Morais and Thiago Oliveira for offering important research material for this project. -
Te Deum (Em Lá Menor) De Lobo De Mesquita (1746?-1805): Edição Crítica E Notas Para Uma Performance Historicamente 39 Informada
Revista do Programa de Pós-graduação da Escola de Música da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro - Abril de 2010 ISSN 01037595 Programa de Pós-graduação da Escola de Música Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO Aloisio Teixeira Reitor Sylvia da Silveira Mello Vargas Vice-reitora CENTRO DE LETRAS E ARTES Leo Soares Decano ESCOLA DE MÚSICA André Cardoso Diretor Marcos Vinício Nogueira Vice-diretor Roberto Macedo Diretor Adjunto de Ensino de Graduação Ermelinda A. Paz Zanini Coordenadora do Curso de Licenciatura Eduardo Biato Diretor Adjunto do Setor Artístico Cultural Miriam Grosman Diretora Adjunta dos Cursos de Extensão Marcos Nogueira Coordenador do Programa de Pós-graduação Editor chefe: Marcelo Verzoni Comissão executiva: (membros da Comissão Deliberativa do Programa de Pós-graduação) Marcos Nogueira, Rodrigo Cicchelli (UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), Marcelo Fagerlande (UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), Sérgio Pires (UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) e Fábio de Sá (UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) Produção e entrevista: Maria Celina Machado Revisão musicológica: André Cardoso Editoração musical: Sérgio di Sabbato e Marcos Nogueira Revisão: Mônica Machado Tradução/revisão de língua inglesa: Tatiana Santos Peixoto de Macedo (Apresentação e Editorial) Projeto gráfico, editoração e tratamento de imagens: Márcia Carnaval Capa: Homenagem a Max Bill, 2010, pastel crayon finalizado em Photoshop (CS4), Márcia Carnaval A REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MÚSICA é um periódico semestral, arbitrado, de circulação nacional, dirigido a músicos e profissionais de áreas afins, professores, pesquisadores e estudantes. A Revista pretende ser um instrumento de divulgação e de disseminação de produções atuais e relevantes do ensino, da pesquisa e extensão, no âmbito da música e de áreas afins, através da publicação de artigos, ensaios teóricos, pesquisas científicas, resenhas de livro, comunicações, relatórios de pesquisas científicas e informes. -
Ernest Guiraud: a Biography and Catalogue of Works
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1990 Ernest Guiraud: A Biography and Catalogue of Works. Daniel O. Weilbaecher Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Weilbaecher, Daniel O., "Ernest Guiraud: A Biography and Catalogue of Works." (1990). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4959. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4959 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
A Prima Vista
A PRIMA VISTA a survey of reprints and of recent publications 2002/1 BROEKMANS & VAN POPPEL Van Baerlestraat 92-94 Postbus 75228 1070 AE AMSTERDAM sheet music: 020-6796575 CDs: 020-6751653/fax: 020-6646759 also on INTERNET: www.broekmans.com e-mail: [email protected] 2 CONTENTS A PRIMA VISTA 2002/1 PAGE HEADING 03 PIANO 2-HANDS 07 PIANO 4-HANDS, 2 AND MORE PIANOS, HARPSICHORD 08 ORGAN 09 KEYBOARD 1 STRING INSTRUMENT WITHOUT ACCOMPANIMENT: 10 VIOLIN SOLO, VIOLA SOLO 1 STRING INSTRUMENT WITH ACCOMPANIMENT, piano unless stated otherwise: 11 VIOLIN WITH ACCOMPANIMENT 12 VIOLIN PLAY-ALONG 13 VIOLA WITH ACCOMPANIMENT, CELLO WITH ACCOMPANIMENT 14 VIOLA DA GAMBA WITH ACCOMPANIMENT 14 2 AND MORE STRING INSTRUMENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ACCOMPANIMENT: 1 WIND INSTRUMENT WITHOUT ACCOMPANIMENT: 18 FLUTE SOLO, OBOE SOLO 19 CLARINET SOLO, SAXOPHONE SOLO, BASSOON SOLO, TRUMPET SOLO 20 HORN SOLO, TROMBONE SOLO, TUBA SOLO 1 WIND INSTRUMENT WITH ACCOMPANIMENT, piano unless stated otherwise: 20 PICCOLO WITH ACCOMPANIMENT, FLUTE WITH ACCOMPANIMENT 22 FLUTE PLAY-ALONG, ALTO FLUTE WITH ACCOMPANIMENT 23 OBOE WITH ACCOMPANIMENT, OBOE PLAY-ALONG, CLARINET WIT ACCOMPANIMENT 24 CLARINET PLAY-ALONG 25 BASSETHORN WITH ACCOMPANIMENT, SAXOPHONE WITH ACCOMPANIMENT 27 SAXOPHONE PLAY-ALONG 28 BASSOON WITH ACCOMPANIMENT, TRUMPET WIT ACCOMPANIMENT 29 TRUMPET PLAY-ALONG, HORN WITH ACCOMPANIMENT 30 TROMBONE WITH ACCOMPANIMENT, TROMBONE PLAY-ALONG 31 TUBA WITH ACCOMPANIMENT, EUPHONIUM PLAY-ALONG 2 AND MORE WIND INSTRUMENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ACCOMPANIMENT: 31 2 AND MORE WOODWIND -
The Inventory of the Phyllis Curtin Collection #1247
The Inventory of the Phyllis Curtin Collection #1247 Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center Phyllis Curtin - Box 1 Folder# Title: Photographs Folder# F3 Clothes by Worth of Paris (1900) Brooklyn Academy F3 F4 P.C. recording F4 F7 P. C. concert version Rosenkavalier Philadelphia F7 FS P.C. with Russell Stanger· FS F9 P.C. with Robert Shaw F9 FIO P.C. with Ned Rorem Fl0 F11 P.C. with Gerald Moore Fl I F12 P.C. with Andre Kostelanetz (Promenade Concerts) F12 F13 P.C. with Carlylse Floyd F13 F14 P.C. with Family (photo of Cooke photographing Phyllis) FI4 FIS P.C. with Ryan Edwards (Pianist) FIS F16 P.C. with Aaron Copland (televised from P.C. 's home - Dickinson Songs) F16 F17 P.C. with Leonard Bernstein Fl 7 F18 Concert rehearsals Fl8 FIS - Gunther Schuller Fl 8 FIS -Leontyne Price in Vienna FIS F18 -others F18 F19 P.C. with hairdresser Nina Lawson (good backstage photo) FI9 F20 P.C. with Darius Milhaud F20 F21 P.C. with Composers & Conductors F21 F21 -Eugene Ormandy F21 F21 -Benjamin Britten - Premiere War Requiem F2I F22 P.C. at White House (Fords) F22 F23 P.C. teaching (Yale) F23 F25 P.C. in Tel Aviv and U.N. F25 F26 P. C. teaching (Tanglewood) F26 F27 P. C. in Sydney, Australia - Construction of Opera House F27 F2S P.C. in Ipswich in Rehearsal (Castle Hill?) F2S F28 -P.C. in Hamburg (large photo) F2S F30 P.C. in Hamburg (Strauss I00th anniversary) F30 F31 P. C. in Munich - German TV F31 F32 P.C. -
L'age D'or of the Chamber Wind Ensemble
L’Age d’or of the Chamber Wind Ensemble A document submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS in the Ensembles and Conducting Division of the College-Conservatory of Music 2013 by Danielle D. Gaudry BM, McGill University, 2000 BE, University of Toronto, 2001 MM, The Pennsylvania State University, 2009 Committee Chair: Terence Milligan, DMA ABSTRACT This document presents a narrative history of the chamber wind ensembles led by Paul Taffanel, Georges Barrère and Georges Longy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Using different historical approaches, this study examines contemporaneous musical society and the chamber wind ensemble genre to explore the context and setting for the genesis of the Société de musique de chambre pour instruments à vents, the Société moderne des instruments à vents, the Longy Club and the Barrère Ensemble of Wind Instruments. A summary of each ensemble leader’s life and description of the activities of the ensemble, selected repertoire and press reactions towards their performances provide essential insights on each ensemble. In demonstrating their shared origins, ideologies, and similarities in programming philosophies, this document reveals why these chamber wind ensembles created a musical movement, a golden age or age d’or of wind chamber music, affecting the local music scene and continuing to hold influence on today’s performers of wind music. ""!! ! Copyright 2013, Danielle D. Gaudry """! ! ! ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to all those who have been a part of my journey, both in the completion of this document and over the course of this degree. -
South American Choral Music 2017 IL – ACDA Summer Retreat Dr
South American Choral Music 2017 IL – ACDA Summer Retreat Dr. Daniel R. Afonso, Jr. June 28-29, Illinois State University [email protected] California State University, Stanislaus A. BRIEF LIST OF COMPOSERS Argentina Alberto Ginastera Carlos Guastavino Ariel Ramirez María del Carmen Aguilar Emilio Dublanc Eduardo Alonso-Crespo Oscar Escalada Claudio Alsuyet Gustavo Maldino Dante Andreo Jorge Marona Alberto Balzanelli Carlos Olivares Héctor Bisso Pablo Ortiz Roberto Caamaño Vivian Tabbush Pompeyo Camps Rubén Urbiztondo Liliana Cangiano Nestor Zadoff Chile Juan Allende-Blin Gloria López Jorge Urrutia Blondel Gabriel Martorell Erasmo Castillo Juan Orrego-Salas Domingo Santa Cruz Juan Ruiz Roberto Escobar Pedro Allende Sarón Ernesto Guarda Gustavo Becerra Schmidt Miguel Letelier-Valdés Sylvia Soublette Alfonso Letelier Llona Darwin Vargas-Wallis Colombia Carlos Posada Amador Adolfo Mejía Gustavo Gomez Ardila Angel Martin Miguel Blas Emilio Atehortúa Andres Martinez Montoya Pedro Biara Artidoro Mora Pablo Emilio Camacho Perea Lelio Olarte Alberto Carbonell (Jimeno) Antonio Maria Peñaloza Roberto Juan Carrillo Pineda-Duque Luis Lizcano Castillo José Maria Pinzon José Rozo Contreras Guillermo Quevedo Luis Antonio Diago José Antonio Rincón José Dueñas Amadeo Rojas Luis Antonio Escobar Jesús Bermúdez Silva Luis Carlos Espinosa Andrés Pardo Tovar Julian Gomez Giraldo Cecilia Pinzón Urrea Fabio Gonzales-Zuleta Antonio Maria Vanecia Antonio Mantilla Rito Mario Gómez Vignes Lubin Mazuera Gustavo Yepes 1 Brazil Colonial Period André da Silva Gomes -
Boston Symphony Orchestra Concert Programs, Summer, 1983, Tanglewood
. ^ 5^^ mar9 E^ ^"l^Hifi imSSii^*^^ ' •H-.-..-. 1 '1 i 1^ «^^«i»^^^m^ ^ "^^^^^. Llii:^^^ %^?W. ^ltm-''^4 j;4W»HH|K,tf.''if :**.. .^l^^- ^-?«^g?^5?,^^^^ _ '^ ** '.' *^*'^V^ - 1 jV^^ii 5 '|>5|. * .««8W!g^4sMi^^ -\.J1L Majestic pine lined drives, rambling elegant mfenor h^^, meandering lawns and gardens, velvet green mountain *4%ta! canoeing ponds and Laurel Lake. Two -hundred acres of the and present tastefully mingled. Afulfillment of every vacation delight . executive conference fancy . and elegant home dream. A choice for a day ... a month . a year. Savor the cuisine, entertainment in the lounges, horseback, sleigh, and carriage rides, health spa, tennis, swimming, fishing, skiing, golf The great estate tradition is at your fingertips, and we await you graciously with information on how to be part of the Foxhollow experience. Foxhollow . an tver growing select family. Offerings in: Vacation Homes, Time- Shared Villas, Conference Center. Route 7, Lenox, Massachusetts 01240 413-637-2000 Seiji Ozawa, Music Director Sir Colin Davis, Principal Guest Conductor Joseph Silverstein, Assistant Conductor One Hundred and Second Season, 1982-83 Trustees of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Inc. Abram T. Collier, Chairman Nelson J. Darling, Jr., President Leo L. Beranek, Vice-President George H. Kidder, Vice-President Mrs. Harris Fahnestock, Vice-President Sidney Stoneman, Vice-President Roderick M. MacDougall, Treasurer John Ex Rodgers, Assistant Treasurer Vernon R. Alden Mrs. John H. Fitzpatrick William J. Poorvu J. P. Barger Mrs. John L. Grandin Irving W. Rabb Mrs. John M. Bradley David G. Mugar Mrs. George R. Rowland Mrs. Norman L. Cahners Albert L. Nickerson Mrs. George Lee Sargent George H.A. -
Música Brasileira OS RUMOS DA CANÇÃO
música brasileira OS RUMOS DA CANÇÃO Minas de Som Luciana Monteiro de Castro Marcus Vinicius Medeiros (organizadores) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS REITOR: Jaime Arturo Ramírez VICE-REITORA: Sandra Regina Goulart Almeida PRÓ-REITORA DE EXTENSÃO: Benigna Maria de Oliveira PRÓ-REITOR DE GRADUAÇÃO: Ricardo Hiroshi Caldeira Takahashi PRÓ-REITORA DE PESQUISA: Adelina Martha dos Reis PRÓ-REITOR DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO: Rodrigo Antônio de Paiva Duarte DIRETORIA DE AÇÃO CULTURAL: Leda Martins DIRETORA DA ESCOLA DE MÚSICA DA UFMG: Mônica Pedrosa de Pádua anais do DIRETORA DO CONSERVATÓRIO UFMG: Margarida Maria Borghoff iv seminário da canção brasileira COORDENADOR DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM MÚSICA: Sérgio Freire Garcia da escola de música da ufmg COORDENADOR DO DEPARTAMENTO DE INSTRUMENTO E CANTO: Marcelo Penido os rumos da canção GRUPO DE PESQUISA RESGATE DA CANÇÃO BRASILEIRA COORDENADORA: Margarida Maria Borghoff Luciana Monteiro de Castro Marcus Vinicius Medeiros Pereira (organizadores) SELO MINAS DE SOM COORDENADORA: Luciana Monteiro de Castro Silva Dutra CONSELHO EDITORIAL: Carlos Aleixo dos Reis Fausto Borém de Oliveira Flávio Terrigno Barbeitas Escola de Música da UFMG Luciana Monteiro de Castro Silva Dutra Belo Horizonte Margarida Maria Borghoff 2014 Mauro Camilo de Chantal Santos Mônica Pedrosa de Paula IV SEMINÁRIO DA CANÇÃO BRASILEIRA DA ESCOLA DE MÚSICA DA UFMG sumário COMISSÃO ORGANIZADORA: Luciana Monteiro de Castro Silva Dutra (UFMG) Mônica Pedrosa de Pádua (UFMG) Margarida Maria Borghoff (UFMG) 01 Apresentação - Os Rumos da Canção Mauro Chantal (UFMG) 02 Solidão e distanciamento: um encontro entre Brecht e Villa-Lobos | Patrícia Cardoso Chaves (UFOP) Aline Soares Araújo; Adriano Lopes Sobrinho...................................................................... 13 03 Vocabulário Banto na Música de Câmara Brasileira: Francisco Mignone | COMISSÃO CIENTÍFICA: PRESIDENTE - Marcus Vinícius Medeiros Pereira (UFJF) Andrea Alburquerque Adour da Câmara............................................................................... -
À ESQUERDA DE SEU TEMPO: Escritores E O Partido Comunista Do Brasil (Porto Alegre - 1927-1957)
UNIVESIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA CURSO DE DOUTORADO MARISÂNGELA T. A. MARTINS À ESQUERDA DE SEU TEMPO : Escritores e o Partido Comunista do Brasil (Porto Alegre - 1927-1957) Porto Alegre 2012 MARISÂNGELA T. A. MARTINS À ESQUERDA DE SEU TEMPO: Escritores e o Partido Comunista do Brasil (Porto Alegre - 1927-1957) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Orientadora Profª Drª Carla Simone Rodeghero. Porto Alegre 2012 CIP - Catalogação na Publicação Martins, Marisângela Terezinha Antunes À esquerda de seu tempo: escritores e o Partido Comunista do Brasil (Porto Alegre - 1927-1957) / Marisângela Terezinha Antunes Martins. -- 2012. 340 f. Orientadora: Carla Simone Rodeghero. Tese (Doutorado) -- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Porto Alegre, BR-RS, 2012. 1. Comunismo. 2. Escritores. 3. Literatura. 4. PCB. I. Rodeghero, Carla Simone, orient. II. Título. Elaborada pelo Sistema de Geração Automática de Ficha Catalográfica da UFRGS com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a). MARISÂNGELA T. A. MARTINS À ESQUERDA DE SEU TEMPO: Escritores e o Partido Comunista do Brasil (Porto Alegre - 1927-1957) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Aprovada em 18 de outubro de 2012. BANCA EXAMINADORA: Profª Drª Carla Simone Rodeghero (Orientadora) – PPGH/UFRGS Profª Drª Ângela de Castro Gomes – PPGH/UFF-CPDOC/FGV Prof. -
Composers for the Pipe Organ from the Renaissance to the 20Th Century
Principal Composers for the Pipe Organ from the Renaissance to the 20th Century Including brief biographical and technical information, with selected references and musical examples Compiled for POPs for KIDs, the Children‘s Pipe Organ Project of the Wichita Chapter of the American Guild of Organists, by Carrol Hassman, FAGO, ChM, Internal Links to Information In this Document Arnolt Schlick César Franck Andrea & Giovanni Gabrieli Johannes Brahms Girolamo Frescobaldi Josef Rheinberger Jean Titelouze Alexandre Guilmant Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck Charles-Marie Widor Dieterich Buxtehude Louis Vierne Johann Pachelbel Max Reger François Couperin Wilhelm Middelschulte Nicolas de Grigny Marcel Dupré George Fredrick Händel Paul Hindemith Johann Sebastian Bach Jean Langlais Louis-Nicolas Clérambault Jehan Alain John Stanley Olivier Messiaen Haydn, Mozart, & Beethoven Links to information on other 20th century composers for the organ Felix Mendelssohn Young performer links Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel Pipe Organ reference sites Camille Saint-Saëns Credits for Facts and Performances Cited Almost all details in the articles below were gleaned from Wikipedia (and some of their own listed sources). All but a very few of the musical and video examples are drawn from postings on YouTube. The section of J.S. Bach also owes credit to Corliss Arnold’s Organ Literature: a Comprehensive Survey, 3rd ed.1 However, the Italicized interpolations, and many of the texts, are my own. Feedback will be appreciated. — Carrol Hassman, FAGO, ChM, Wichita Chapter AGO Earliest History of the Organ as an Instrument See the Wikipedia article on the Pipe Organ in Antiquity: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_Organ#Antiquity Earliest Notated Keyboard Music, Late Medieval Period Like early music for the lute, the earliest organ music is notated in Tablature, not in the musical staff notation we know today.