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Super-Low Carbon Live Music Super-Low Carbon Live Music: a roadmap for the UK live music sector to play its part in tackling the climate crisis Document Reference: SLCM Version: 5.1 Date: June 2021 Prepared by: Chris Jones, Carly McLachlan and Sarah Mander NB: All views contained with this report are attributable solely to the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of researchers within the wider Tyndall Centre. About the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research The Tyndall Centre is a partnership of universities bringing together researchers from the social and natural sciences and engineering to develop sustainable responses to climate change. We work with leaders from the public and private sectors to promote informed decisions on mitigating and adapting to climate change. The Tyndall Centre was founded in 2000 to conduct cutting edge, interdisciplinary research, and provide a conduit between scientists and policymakers. With approximately 200 members across career stages, the Tyndall Centre represents a substantial body of the UK’s climate change research expertise. Since 2000, the Tyndall Centre has significantly advanced various areas of climate change research and policymaking including: the development of emission reductions pathways for major energy consuming sectors, the understanding of climate impacts, risks, and adaptation options, the public perceptions of climate change, and the governance of climate negotiations and policymaking. The partnership institutions are: University of East Anglia, University of Manchester, Cardiff University and Newcastle University. This report was produced by researchers from the University of Manchester. For further information please see www.tyndall.ac.uk 2 Executive Summary In this roadmap we outline a set of clearly defined and measurable targets that the live music sector could adopt to play a leading role in meeting the Paris Agreement on climate change. In our discussions and interviews with people from across the sector, we found widespread commitment to reassembling practices post Covid-19 so that they are fundamentally more sustainable. There are many excellent examples of super-low carbon practices already happening, however, progress must be rapidly accelerated and substantial shifts in industry practice are needed. We outline targets for energy use in buildings and outdoor events, surface travel and air travel (for people and equipment) and audience travel. High level targets include: reducing emissions from buildings to zero by 2035; at least matching UK grid electricity emissions at outdoor shows from 2025 onwards; reducing surface travel emissions to zero by 2035 and limiting total sector aviation emissions to a maximum of 80% of 2019 levels. We also provide interim targets to demonstrate that immediate reductions must be made. We do not propose a ‘net zero’ date, rather we outline the progress needed to reduce emissions across different areas of activity. In those areas where low carbon options are currently not available (e.g. aviation) we propose a focus on reducing demand. If offsets are used to claim ‘net zero’ status then we recommend that these should be carbon removals with long term geological storage and that these should only be used where further reductions in emissions are not possible. In order to retain focus on the sustained need to reduce emissions beyond the date that any ‘net zero’ goal is reached, targets for emissions reduction should remain specifically articulated until emissions are fully eliminated (i.e. targets should go beyond a ‘net zero’ framing to drive action to fully eliminate emissions from the sector – aiming for zero rather than ‘net zero’). We suggest actions and approaches across the various sources of emissions, however there are some overarching principles that we believe are needed to really drive change. Firstly, super-low carbon practices can only be delivered if they are central from the inception of a tour. Super-low carbon needs to be baked into every decision – routing, venues, transport modes, set, audio and visual design, staffing, promotion etc. Secondly, this requires the various actors in the sector to use their direct power as well as their wider influence to overcome barriers and champion new practices. Thirdly, progress must be monitored and reviewed. Whilst we should of course celebrate and share examples of best practice, reporting and review of all activity is required to drive systemic change in the sector. Such review will allow identification of issues that need additional action such as policy or regulatory change, greater investment, collaboration etc. and this process can also help ensure that smaller venues and festivals are appropriately supported in the transition. Whilst we have set out a broad direction in this roadmap, we believe it is those working within the sector who have the expertise, creativity and power to really determine how this transition happens. We hope that our work is useful in demonstrating the scale of the challenge, the potential for change and the need for an urgent and significant reassembly of practices in the sector. 3 Background to the work In 2019 Massive Attack commissioned researchers at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research to explore opportunities for significantly reducing emissions associated with live music touring. The first phase focused on reviewing Massive Attack’s own touring practices. The second phase focused on developing a roadmap for the wider live music sector to support delivery of emissions reductions in line with the UN Paris Agreement. The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in some delay to the work and a refocussing on the potential for the sector to ‘reassemble’ in a much more sustainable way as it emerged from the extreme challenges that the pandemic has created for those in the sector. In addition to literature review, the research team have conducted a number of interviews with actors in various roles in the live music sector and presented a draft version of the roadmap for feedback with a broad range of senior stakeholders kindly convened by the industry group LIVE. Researchers have also attended, and contributed to, various conferences, round tables and meetings with a range of organisations supporting sustainability in the sector. We would like to thank all of those who have given time to support the development of this roadmap and stress that their participation in our work does not imply that they endorse it. As requested by Massive Attack, and in line with our own approach to supporting climate action, we offer the work openly to all to support the commitment clearly held by many in the sector to transform practice in terms of sustainability. Live Music Roadmap Only a material and fundamental shift in practices and technology globally can prevent catastrophic climate change [1].i How live music stakeholders and the industry as a whole embrace climate action is a part of this global response. This document has three sections. Firstly, a discussion of the global and national climate change landscape that must be considered in setting a science based and equity guided roadmap for the UK live music industry. Secondly, a suite of targets are recommended across different areas of emissions in the sector and guidance on the recommended shifts in practices and technology that could be adopted to meet these. Thirdly, suggested actions for different groups across the sector. 1. Climate change context To keep global warming to well below 2°C with a chance of limiting to 1.5°C, global emissions of carbon dioxide need to be about 45% lower than they were in 2010 by the year 2030 and net zero in 2050 [1]. The 2030 midpoint highlights the importance of progress over time (and therefore how quickly the global carbon budget is used up) and the need for near term as well as longer term goals. In 2019 global CO2 emissions were up by 7% compared with 2010 [2]. Without a fundamental change in approach to human activities, emissions in 2022 will likely bounce back from their 2020 dip and continue the trend of steady growth seen in the 4 2010s [3]. We are off the pace required to meet the commitments made in the Paris Agreement - a massive step change and sustained increase in effort to reduce emissions is needed [4]. While the 1.5˚ C global temperature target (Paris Agreement) implies almost halving annual carbon dioxide emissions in the next 9 years for the world as a whole, and to reach net zero by around 2050, it is also acknowledged that the burden of change sits more on developed economies such as the UK. The world is really counting on faster and more ambitious action from capable countries, organisations and sectors. We propose that given the commitment to tackling climate change evident in the music sector, at a minimum its goals should exceed the UK’s statutory climate change goal and the national emissions pathway in order to demonstrate leadership on climate action. Interpreting climate change targets for the live music sector As we move beyond the ~1.2˚C of global warming above the pre-industrial average seen so far, there is no ‘safe’ level of further climate change. Organisations can however look to align themselves with goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change to hold global temperature rise to well below 2°C. To make a contribution to achieving this goal, organisations can set quantified targets for activities that they have direct control over (e.g. building energy use, corporate travel, waste and procurement) as well as a timeline to adopt best practice on activities that are more difficult to quantify and where the organisation is a key partner – such as audience travel. The Commons Select Committee on Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, recommend that the sector should now adopt independent oversight on progress against its environmental pledges, and work with local authorities to develop and implement standardised environmental objectives for event licencing [5].
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