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53.Fumaria Parviflora (1).Pdf IAJPS 2018, 05 (03), 1728-1738 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 CODEN [USA]: IAJPBB ISSN: 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Review Article FUMARIA PARVIFLORA- A REVIEW Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Thi qar, Iraq. Cell: +9647801397994. E mail: [email protected] Abstract: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of Fumaria parviflora revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, phenols, alkaloids and anthraquinones. The pharmacological studies showed that Fumaria parviflora possess hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, prokinetic, laxative, dermatological, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, reproductive, anticholinesterase and smooth muscle relaxant effects. This review will highlight the chemical constituents and the pharmacological effects of Fumaria parviflora. Keywords: chemical constituents, pharmacology, Fumaria parviflora Corresponding author: Ali Esmail Al-Snafi QR code Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Thi qar, Iraq Cell: +9647801397994. E mail: [email protected] Please cite this article in press Ali Esmail Al-Snafi., Fumaria Parviflora- A Review, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2018; 05(03). w w w . iajps. c o m Page 1728 IAJPS 2018, 05 (03), 1728-1738 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 INTRODUCTION: distributed in Africa: [Algeria; Egypt, Libya, Two thirds of the new chemicals identified yearly Morocco, Tunisia];Asia: [Armenia, Azerbaijan, were extracted from higher plants. 75% of the Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, world’s population used plants for therapy and Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey]; Europe: prevention. In the US, where chemical synthesis [Ukraine, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, United dominates the pharmaceutical industry, 25% of the Kingdom, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, pharmaceuticals are based on plant-derived chemicals Greece, Italy, Romania, Slovenia, France, Portugal, [1-35]. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of Spain] [38, 40]. Fumaria parviflora revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, steroids, Description: triterpenoids, phenols, alkaloids and anthraquinones. Annual herb, erect or somewhat prostrate. Stem The pharmacological studies showed that Fumaria glabrous, up to 60 cm tall, with cylindrical, tapering parviflora possess hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, root measuring about 10 to 15 cm in length and 0.4 to antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, prokinetic, 0.8 mm in diameter, bearing lateral wiry rootlets; laxative, dermatological, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, erect, longitudinally wrinkled, often branched 20-30 reproductive, anticholinesterase and smooth muscle cm long stem with 4 to 5 winged projections; relaxant effects. This review was designed to alternate, exstipulate leaf that is finely divided into highlight the chemical constituents and the narrow flat segments, each segment being broad pharmacological effects of Fumaria parviflora. oblong or linear lanceolate, 2 to 3 cm in length and 1 to 2 mm in width with acute or sub-acute apex, 2 to 4 Plant profile: cm long twisted petiole, sheathing at base; small Synonyms: white or pink flowers with purplish tips, in terminal Fumaria affinis Griff., Fumaria caespitosa Loscos ex inflorescence; indehiscent, tiny, sub-globose and Willk. & Lange, Fumaria diffusa Moench, Fumaria externally faintly rugose fruits and globose minute glauca Jord., Fumaria leucantha Viv., Fumaria seeds[41-42]. minima Pugsley, Fumaria officinalis var. parviflora [Lam.] Ewart, Fumaria parviflora var. latisecta Traditional uses: Hausskn., Fumaria parviflora var. sinaitica Entire herb was used traditionally in leprosy, fever, Hausskn., Fumaria sicula Biv., Fumaria tenuifolia for detoxification, and as laxative, diuretic and Symons, Fumaria tenuisecta Syme [36]. diaphoretic [43-44]. The extract of the plant was used as bitter tonic, astringent, for the treatment of Taxonomic classification: dyspepsia and scrofulous skin infections [45]. Kingdom: Plantae, Subkingdom: Viridiplantae, Fumaria parviflora was also used traditionally in Infrakingdom: Streptophyta, Superdivision: dermatological diseases, in stimulation of liver Embryophyta, Division: Tracheophyta, Subdivision: function and gall bladder and also as antiscabies, Spermatophytina, Class: Magnoliopsida, antiscorbite, antibronchite, diuretic, expectorant, Superorder: Ranunculanae, Order: antipyretic, diaphoretic, appetizer and laxative [46]. Ranunculales, Family: Papaveraceae, Genus: In folk medicine of Turkey it was used against Fumaria, Species: Fumaria parviflora [37]. hepato‑biliary dysfunction, while, in the Unani Common names: traditional system it was prescribed to treat gut and respiratory disorders, abdominal cramps, indigestion Arabic: Shahitreg, homaira; Bengali: Vanshulpha, and asthma [47]. Bansulpha; English: fine-leaf fumitory, Indian fumitory, small-flower fumitory; Hindi: Physicochemical characteristics: Pittapapada, Dhamgajra, Pittapapara; Punjabi: Physicochemical parameters [% w/w]: Loss on Shahtara, Pittapapara; Sanskrit: Varatikta, drying: 78.3 ± 0.12, total ash: 25.63 ± 0.75, water Sukshmapatra; Tamil: Tura, Tusa; Unani: soluble ash: 8.63 ± 0.44, acid insoluble ash: 4.75 ± Shaahtaraa; Urdu: Parpata [38-39]. 0.26, water soluble extractive value: 34.0 ± 0.19 and alcohol soluble extractive value: 7.5 ± 0.35[42]. Distribution: Fumaria parviflora was found in Europe, Africa and Asia especially Middle East. The plant was w w w . iajps. c o m Page 1729 IAJPS 2018, 05 (03), 1728-1738 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 Chemical constituents: peaks. The flavonoids identified in the plant were 3, The preliminary phytochemical analysis of Fumaria 5, 3’, 4’ tetrahydroxy flavone-3-arabinoside; 3'-4'- parviflora revealed the presence of flavonoids, dihydroxy flavone and 3,7,4'-trihydroxy flavone [56]. glycosides, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, phenols, alkaloids and anthraquinones [47-48]. N-octacosan 7β ol, [5αH,11α H]‑8‑ Fumaria parviflora contained [%w/w] alkaloids: 6.21 oxo‑homoiridolide; n‑docosanyl‑2‑O ‑β‑D‑ ± 0.13, phenolics: 6.15 ± 0.28 and flavanoids: 3.64 ± glucopyranosyl salicylate; 2‑methyl‑6‑ hydroxy 0.35 [42]. methylene dodecan ‑10‑oyl‑12, 15‑olide14‑O‑β ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ The plant contained wide range of alkaloids, the D xylopyranoside; 4 oxo stigmast 5 en 3 β methanolic extraction of 10.5 kg of the plant yielded ‑ol‑D‑glucopyran oside; salicylic 0.39% of total alkaloids, the following alkaloids acid‑O‑β‑D‑xylopyranoside; α-D‑ glucopyranosyl have been identified parfumine, norjusiphine, N- hexadecanoate; α‑D‑ gluco-pyranosyl‑ [2 → 1ʹ]‑α methyladlumine, d-fumaricine, adlumiceine, ‑D‑ glucopyranoside; n-propyl-3,4-dioxymethylene adlumidiceine, [+]-adlumidine, [+]-adlumine, [-]- benzene; 5β, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10β-hexahydrocoumarin; 2,6- adlumine, [+]- bicuculline, [±]-bicuculline, dimethyl dodecan-10-oyl-12,15-olide; n-tetradecanyl bicucullinine [narceimine], [-]-cheilanthifoline, n-octadec-9-enoate, propanyl triol- 3, 2- n-di- coclaurine, coptisine, [-]-corlumine, cryptopine, octadecanoyl-1-n-octadeca-9ʹ,12ʹ-dienoate and n- dehydrocheilanthifoline, dihy drohmariline, tetradecanyl n-octadec-9,12-dienoate were isolated dihydrosanguinarine, fumaramidine, fumaramine, from the aerial parts of Fumaria parviflora. While, fumaridine, fumariflorine ethyl ester, fumarilicine, nonacosane-10-ol and 23α-homostigmast-5-en-3β-ol [+]-fumariline, fumaritine, [+]-α- hydrastine, [+]- were isolated from the roots of Fumaria parviflora isoboldine, izimirine, lahoramine, lahorine, 8- [47, 57-59]. methoxydihy drosanguinarine, methylhydrastinium, N-methyladlumine, N-methylhydrasteine, N- Pharmacological effects: methylhydrastine, N-methyloxohydrasteine, Protective effect: narlumidine, norjuziphine, noroxy- hydrastinine, 8- The hepatoprotective effect of the ethanol extract of oxocoptisine, oxysanguinarine, [ + ] - pahidine, [+]- the aerial part of Fumaria parviflora [ 250 mg/kg parfurnine, [+]-parviflorine, protopine, daily 5 days prior to the experiments till 2 days after thequaternarysalt of protopine, sanguinarine, [-]- injection of CCl4] was evaluated in carbon scoulerine, [-]-stylopine, and [±]-stylopine [48-53]. tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats. The extract Phthalide isoquinoline alkaloid [[-]-corlumine] and possessed hepatoprotective effects based on serum rhoeadines-like alkaloid [rhoeagenine] were isolated glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum from Fumaria parviflora [52, 54]. glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. The normal The Total alkaloids mg/ 100g dry weight of the aerial histological appearance of hepatocytes indicated a parts of plants was 521, the quantities of different good protection of the extract against carbon alkaloids isolated from Fumaria parviflora were: tetrachloride hepatotoxicity [60]. protopine [protopine: 57 mg/100g dry weight, cryptopine: 5 mg/100g dry weight], The protective effect of Fumaria parviflora on tetrahydroprotoberine [sinactine: 2 mg/100g dry nimesulide induced cell death was investigated in weight], [adlumine: 3 mg/100g dry weight] primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Fumaria parviflora spirobenzyl isoquinoline [parfumine: 14 mg/100g extract treated cells showed increased viability as dry weight, fumariline: 10 mg/100g dry weight, compared to nimesulide stressed cells as assessed by parfumidine: 7 mg/100g dry weight] and MTT assay.
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