27528 Hon. John B. Larson Hon. Dana Rohrabacher
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Montenegro's Tribal Legacy
WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Montenegro's Tribal Legacy by Major Steven C. Calhoun, US Army Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. This article appeared in Military Review July-August 2000 The mentality of our people is still very patriarchal. Here the knife, revenge and a tribal (plemenski) system exist as nowhere else.1 The whole country is interconnected and almost everyone knows everyone else. Montenegro is nothing but a large family—all of this augurs nothing good. —Mihajlo Dedejic2 When the military receives an order to deploy into a particular area, planners focus on the terrain so the military can use the ground to its advantage. Montenegro provides an abundance of terrain to study, and it is apparent from the rugged karst topography how this tiny republic received its moniker—the Black Mountain. The territory of Montenegro borders Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Serbia and Albania and is about the size of Connecticut. Together with the much larger republic of Serbia, Montenegro makes up the current Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). But the jagged terrain of Montenegro is only part of the military equation. Montenegro has a complex, multilayered society in which tribe and clan can still influence attitudes and loyalties. Misunderstanding tribal dynamics can lead a mission to failure. Russian misunderstanding of tribal and clan influence led to unsuccessful interventions in Afghanistan and Chechnya.3 In Afghanistan, the rural population's tribal organization facilitated their initial resistance to the Soviets. -
Reflections on the Religionless Society: the Case of Albania
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 16 Issue 4 Article 1 8-1996 Reflections on the Religionless Society: The Case of Albania Denis R. Janz Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Janz, Denis R. (1996) "Reflections on the Religionless Society: The Case of Albania," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 16 : Iss. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol16/iss4/1 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REFLECTIONS ON THE RELIGIONLESS SOCIETY: THE CASE OF ALBANIA By Denis R. Janz Denis R. Janz is professor of religious studies at Loyola University, New Orleans, · Louisiana. From the time of its inception as a discipline, the scientific study of religion has raised the question of the universality of religion. Are human beings somehow naturally religious? Has there ever been a truly religionless society? Is modernity itself inimical to religion, leading slowly but nevertheless inexorably to its extinction? Or does a fundamental human religiosity survive and mutate into ever new forms, as it adapts itself to the exigencies of the age? There are as of yet no clear answers to these questions. And religiologists continue to search for the irreligious society, or at least for the society in which religion is utterly devoid of any social significance, where the religious sector is a tiny minority made up largely of elderly people and assorted marginal figures. -
Albanian Families' History and Heritage Making at the Crossroads of New
Voicing the stories of the excluded: Albanian families’ history and heritage making at the crossroads of new and old homes Eleni Vomvyla UCL Institute of Archaeology Thesis submitted for the award of Doctor in Philosophy in Cultural Heritage 2013 Declaration of originality I, Eleni Vomvyla confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature 2 To the five Albanian families for opening their homes and sharing their stories with me. 3 Abstract My research explores the dialectical relationship between identity and the conceptualisation/creation of history and heritage in migration by studying a socially excluded group in Greece, that of Albanian families. Even though the Albanian community has more than twenty years of presence in the country, its stories, often invested with otherness, remain hidden in the Greek ‘mono-cultural’ landscape. In opposition to these stigmatising discourses, my study draws on movements democratising the past and calling for engagements from below by endorsing the socially constructed nature of identity and the denationalisation of memory. A nine-month fieldwork with five Albanian families took place in their domestic and neighbourhood settings in the areas of Athens and Piraeus. Based on critical ethnography, data collection was derived from participant observation, conversational interviews and participatory techniques. From an individual and family group point of view the notion of habitus led to diverse conceptions of ethnic identity, taking transnational dimensions in families’ literal and metaphorical back- and-forth movements between Greece and Albania. -
Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova 29 Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova
Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova 29 Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova Jahja Drançolli* Abstract In the present study it is examined the issue of Illyrian- Albanian continuity in the areal of Kosova, a scientific problem, which, due to the reasons of daily policy, has extremely become exploited (harnessed) until the present days. The politicisation of the ancient history of Kosova begins with the Eastern Crisis, a time when the programmes of Great-Serb aggression for the Balkans started being drafted. These programmes, inspired by the extra-scientific history dressed in myths, legends and folk songs, expressed the Serb aspirations to look for their cradle in Kosova, Vojvodina. Croatia, Dalmatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina and Montenegro. Such programmes, based on the instrumentalized history, have always been strongly supported by the political circles on the occasion of great historical changes, that have overwhelmed the Balkans. Key Words: Dardania and Dardans in antiquity, Arbers and Kosova during the Middle Ages, geopolitical, ethnic, religious and cultural concepts, which are known in the sources of that time followed by a chronological development. The region of Kosova preserves archeological monuments from the beginnings of Neolith (6000-2600 B.C.). Since that time the first settlements were constructed, including Tjerrtorja (Prishtinë), Glladnica (Graçanicë), Rakoshi (Istog), Fafos and Lushta (Mitrovicë), Reshtan and Hisar (Suharekë), Runik (Skenderaj) etc. The region of Kosova has since the Bronze Age been inhabited by Dardan Illyrians; the territory of extension of this region was much larger than the present-day territory of Kosova. * Prof. Jahja Drançolli Ph. D., Departament of History, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Pristina, Republic of Kosova, [email protected] Thesis Kosova, nr. -
English and INTRODACTION
CHANGES AND CONTINUITY IN EVERYDAY LIFE IN ALBANIA, BULGARIA AND MACEDONIA 1945-2000 UNDERSTANDING A SHARED PAST LEARNING FOR THE FUTURE 1 This Teacher Resource Book has been published in the framework of the Stability Pact for South East Europe CONTENTS with financial support from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is available in Albanian, Bulgarian, English and INTRODACTION..............................................3 Macedonian language. POLITICAL LIFE...........................................17 CONSTITUTION.....................................................20 Title: Changes and Continuity in everyday life in Albania, ELECTIONS...........................................................39 Bulgaria and Macedonia POLITICAL PERSONS..............................................50 HUMAN RIGHTS....................................................65 Author’s team: Terms.................................................................91 ALBANIA: Chronology........................................................92 Adrian Papajani, Fatmiroshe Xhemali (coordinators), Agron Nishku, Bedri Kola, Liljana Guga, Marie Brozi. Biographies........................................................96 BULGARIA: Bibliography.......................................................98 Rumyana Kusheva, Milena Platnikova (coordinators), Teaching approches..........................................101 Bistra Stoimenova, Tatyana Tzvetkova,Violeta Stoycheva. ECONOMIC LIFE........................................103 MACEDONIA: CHANGES IN PROPERTY.......................................104 -
E Folmja E Çamërisë Dje Dhe Sot
UNIVERSITETI I TIRANËS FAKULTETI I HISTORISË DHE I FILOLOGJISË DEPARTAMENTI I GJUHËS SHQIPE E FOLMJA E ÇAMËRISË DJE DHE SOT “Shqyrtime dialektologjike, etnolingustike dhe sociolingustike rreth gjuhës shqipe të shkruar dhe të folur prej çamëve” Disertanti Udhëheqësi shkencor Edlira TROPLINI (Abdurahmani) Akad. as. Gjovalin SHKURTAJ Tiranë, 2012 Doktoratë Përgatitur nga: Edlira Troplini (Abdurahmani) Për marrjen e gradës shkencore “DOKTOR” Specialiteti: Sociolinguistikë (Gjuhësi) E FOLMJA E ÇAMËRISË DJE DHE SOT “Shqyrtime dialektologjike, etnolingustike dhe sociolingustike rreth gjuhës shqipe të shkruar dhe të folur prej çamëve” Udhëheqës shkencor: Akad. as. Gjovalin Shkurtaj Mbrohet më, dt. ___. ___. 2012 para jurisë: 1.__________________________________ (Kryetar) 2. __________________________________ (Anëtar) 3. __________________________________ (Anëtar) 4. __________________________________ (Anëtar) 5. __________________________________ (Anëtar) 2 PASQYRA E LËNDËS PARATHËNIE Njohuri të përgjithshme për të folmen dhe krahinën e Çamërisë HYRJE I. Kufijtë natyrorë gjeografiko- etnikë të Çamërisë II. Prejardhja e emrit Çamëri III. Njohuri të përgjithshme rreth shpërnguljes së çamëve nga trojet e veta në Greqi, në Shqipërinë shtetërore. IV. Popullsia. Sa çamë ka sot dhe ku janë vendosur ata? KREU I 1.1. QËLLIMI I TEMËS DHE RËNDËSIA E STUDIMIT TË SAJ 1.1.1. Objekti dhe metoda e studimit 1.1.2. Vlerat studimore të çamërishtes për kundrimet sociolinguistike 1.1.3. Të dhënat për çamërishten përmes figurave të shquara të shkencës KREU II 2. RËNDËSIA E TË FOLMES SË ÇAMËRISHTES PËR GJUHËSINË SHQIPTARE 2.1. Çamërishtja dëshmuese e fazave të kapërcyera të shqipes 2.1.1. Sistemi foljor i çamërishtes në diakroni 2.1.2. Disa tipare interesante të foljeve të zgjedhimit në –mi 2.2. Bashkëpërkime të elementeve gjuhësore të veprave më të hershme shqipe, me çamërishten e sotme 2.2.1. -
The Albanian National Question - the Final Piece of the Unsolved Balkan Puzzle?
Albulena Halili THE ALBANIAN NATIONAL QUESTION - THE FINAL PIECE OF THE UNSOLVED BALKAN PUZZLE? DOI: 10.2478/seeur-2014-0015 “If the Big Powers condemn this brave and freedom loving people to remain under occupation, or still worse, if they split it up among the neighboring countries, the Balkan Peninsula will never find peace, because the Albanians will never give up fighting for their national independence. On the contrary, if they recognize Albanian national rights, Albania will become a contributing factor to peace in the Balkan Peninsula” - Abdyl Frashëri (1839-1892), Albanian political ideologue of the Albanian National Awakening and Leader of Albanian League of Prizren 1. The History of the Albanian national question The shaping of the Albanian idea and national consciousness began in the second half of the nineteenth century as an intellectual movement known as the Albanian National Renaissance. This movement was a key catalyst of many important processes for the organization of Albanians. The Albanian National Renaissance stimulated the Albanian pan-national intellectual, political and military arrangements aiming at the liberation, unification and creation of the Albanian national state. ‘Political Albanianism’ (Shqiptarizma politike) as it was propagated in particular by Branko Merxhani, the Albanian 167 Unauthenticated Download Date | 3/27/15 2:42 PM SEEU Review | Special Edition | Volume 10 | Issue 1 | 2014 publicist, idealist, and founder of the school of Neo-Albanianism, was created in 1912, at the same time as the Albanian -
History&Future Tarih&Gelecek
Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi, Haziran 2021, Cilt 7, Sayı 2 e-ISSN 2458-7672 655 https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jhf Journal of History and Future, June 2021, Volume 7, Issue 2 Indexed by Tarih&GelecekDergisi HistoryJournal of &Future Prishtinë, Kosova, Institute of Prof. Asoc. Dr. History “Ali Hadri” – St. Lagja e Spitalit nr.3, 10 000, Prishtina, Gjon BERISHA Republic of Kosovo, [email protected] ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3184-3911 Başvuruda bulundu. Kabul edildi. Applied Accepted Eser Geçmişi / Article Past: 12/05/2021 30/05/2021 Araştırma Makalesi DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21551/jhf.936658 Research Paper Orjinal Makale / Orginal Paper Albanians in the Ragusan Sources during the Middle Ages Dubrovnik Devlet Arşivinde Bulunan Ortaçağ Arnavutlarına İlişkin Kaynak Belgeler Abstract The historical circumstances we have experienced as a nation under the rule and occupation of the great empires or religious administration of the Vatican, Byzantium and Istanbul, and under the cultural influence of languages: Greek, Latin, Turkish, and Slavic, all together, created many voids or emptiness concerning important periods of our national history. The written sources were mainly preserved outside Albania, in different states, in many archives, in public, private or church libraries, and mostly in foreign languages. One of the richest Middle Age archives (especially for the XII-XV century) concerning the history of Albanians in particular and of the Western Balkan in general, is the State Archive in Dubrovnik,1 due to the important role that Dubrovnik had in economic, social and financial relations with neighbouring countries. The funds of this archive contain numerous documents, acts and testaments, of a public or private character, about Albanians and territories they lived. -
Behind Stone Walls
BEHIND STONE WALLS CHANGING HOUSEHOLD ORGANIZATION AMONG THE ALBANIANS OF KOSOVA by Berit Backer Edited by Robert Elsie and Antonia Young, with an introduction and photographs by Ann Christine Eek Dukagjini Balkan Books, Peja 2003 1 This book is dedicated to Hajria, Miradia, Mirusha and Rabia – girls who shocked the village by going to school. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Berita - the Norwegian Friend of the Albanians, by Ann Christine Eek BEHIND STONE WALLS Acknowledgement 1. INTRODUCTION Family and household Family – types, stages, forms Demographic processes in Isniq Fieldwork Data collection 2. ISNIQ: A VILLAGE AND ITS FAMILIES Once upon a time Going to Isniq Kosova First impressions Education Sources of income and professions Traditional adaptation The household: distribution in space Household organization Household structure Positions in the household The household as an economic unit 3. CONJECTURING ABOUT AN ETHNOGRAPHIC PAST Ashtu është ligji – such are the rules The so-called Albanian tribal society The fis The bajrak Economic conditions Land, labour and surplus in Isniq The political economy of the patriarchal family or the patriarchal mode of reproduction 3 4. RELATIONS OF BLOOD, MILK AND PARTY MEMBERSHIP The traditional social structure: blood The branch of milk – the female negative of male positive structure Crossing family boundaries – male and female interaction Dajet - mother’s brother in Kosova The formal political organization Pleqësia again Division of power between partia and pleqësia The patriarchal triangle 5. A LOAF ONCE BROKEN CANNOT BE PUT TOGETHER The process of the split Reactions to division in the family Love and marriage The phenomenon of Sworn Virgins and the future of sex roles Glossary of Albanian terms used in this book Bibliography Photos by Ann Christine Eek 4 PREFACE ‘Behind Stone Walls’ is a sociological, or more specifically, a social anthropological study of traditional Albanian society. -
European Academic Research
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. VI, Issue 5/ August 2018 Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) ISSN 2286-4822 DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) www.euacademic.org Gjergj Kastrioti-Skanderbeg in the Activities of Kostandin Jirecek Prof. Ass. Dr. TEUTA SHALA-PELI Assistant Professor Institute of History "Ali Hadri", Prishtina Kosovo Abstract: There are many foreign scholars who with their writings have contributed to the brightening of the life and work of Gjergj Kastriot- Skanderbeg. Interesting information backed by facts and scientific arguments, is also brought to us by the researcher Kostandin Jirecek. Although his works are not devoted directly to Skanderbeg, however Jerichek in his writings, by treating the history of the Albanian people, has shown an interest in the figure of Gjergj Kastriot-Skënderbeu, providing us with important notions about the life and work of our hero, information which are built on the basis of archival resources. Since we are at the 100th anniversary of the death of Constantin Jirecek and the 550th anniversary of the death of Skanderbeg, we found it reasonable to point out the scientific contribution of this scholar given to the treatment of the figure of our hero. To understand the scientific contribution of Kostandin Jirecek, to illuminate the image of Gjergj Kastriot-Skanderbeg and his age, we will undertake a scientific analysis of the notices that the scholar in question offers to the Kastrioti family in general starting with his grandfather Pal Kastrioti to continue with the information on Gjon Kastriot, Gjergj Kastriot-Skanderbeg's activity before 1443, for his wars against the Ottoman attacks, relations with neighboring countries such as Venice, Naples, Ragusa, then with local feudals, and issues which are related to the life and work of Gjergj Kastriot- Skanderbeg, and ultimately trying to draw a conclusion on the value and significance of the works of the scholar in question about Skanderbeg and his age. -
Rregjimi Komunist Vrau Dhe Pushkatoi 226 Malësorë
E PAVARUR, INFORMATIVE, HISTORIKE DHE PATRIOTIKE Botues; Vasel GILAJ, Viti i botim XXI, Nr 57, Çmimi 2 USD, New York Mars 2016 [email protected] Janar 1945 forcat e Prek Calit vrasin 57 partizanë FAQE 20-21 Zenel Shabani, “Gjenerali me xhamadan” i atdhetarisë FAQE 22-25 Pretash Zeka Ulaj, bajraktari i Kojës dhe kufinjve të Shqipërisë FAQE 26-29 Lukë Kaçaj, Shaljapini sss Shqipetar FAQE 32-35 Malësorët e Plavë e Gucisë një shekull të masakruar Rregjimi komunist FAQE 36-41 Shasi vendbanimi i hershëm ilir, qyteti vrau dhe pushkatoi i 365 kishave FAQE 42-45 Adem Demaci, Profeti i 226 malësorë Kosoves FAQE 46-48 MARS 2016 2 Ju fton të kontriboni, për promovimin dhe mbrojtjen e vlerave të patjetërsueshme që trashëguam si amanet nga të parët! E PAVARUR, INFORMATIVE, HISTORIKE DHE PATRIOTIKE INFORMATIVE, E PAVARUR, MARS 2016 3 Urdhër lirie apo ikje për liri ite me pare ne Bashkin e qytetit te shkodres,keshilli bashkiak dha nje titull nderi. Gazetaret e pranishem e pyeten kryetarin e keshillit se c’ fare ka bere ky person qe nuk e njohim,nuk e dini i pyeti Kryetari gazetaret jo than serish ata,po ky ka Vbere kerkese sqaroi kryetari. Keshtu me duket se ka ndollur edhe me Dekoraten e dhen Shoqatave Malesia e Madhe ne Detroid dhe New York,tashme nga ishe Presidentja e Kosoves A.Jahjaga ne muajin Shkurt te ketij viti,me titullin Urdheri i Lirise. Nisur nga ky fakt dhe vecanarishte nga trumbetimi dhe tundja qe po i bejne keto shoqata kesaj dekorate,dhe posacerishte ata te Detroidit ketyre zoterinjeve deshiroj tu jape dhe pa dyshim miqesishte,disa argumente per mendimin time kundershtues. -
1 LIGJVËNËSIT SHQIPTARË NË VITE Viti 1920 Këshilli Kombëtar I
LIGJVËNËSIT SHQIPTARË NË VITE Viti 1920 Këshilli Kombëtar i Lushnjës (Senati) Një dhomë, 37 deputetë 27 mars 1920–20 dhjetor 1920 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 31 janar 1920. Xhemal NAIPI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Dhimitër KACIMBRA Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Lista emërore e senatorëve 1. Abdurrahman Mati 22. Myqerem HAMZARAJ 2. Adem GJINISHI 23. Mytesim KËLLIÇI 3. Adem PEQINI 24. Neki RULI 4. Ahmet RESULI 25. Osman LITA 5. Bajram bej CURRI 26. Qani DISHNICA 6. Bektash CAKRANI 27. Qazim DURMISHI 7. Beqir bej RUSI 28. Qazim KOCULI 8. Dine bej DIBRA 29. Ramiz DACI 9. Dine DEMA 30. Rexhep MITROVICA 10. Dino bej MASHLARA 31. Sabri bej HAFIZ 11. Dhimitër KACIMBRA 32. Sadullah bej TEPELENA 12. Fazlli FRASHËRI 33. Sejfi VLLAMASI 13. Gjergj KOLECI 34. Spiro Jorgo KOLEKA 14. Halim bej ÇELA 35. Spiro PAPA 15. Hilë MOSI 36. Shefqet VËRLACI 16. Hysein VRIONI 37. Thanas ÇIKOZI 17. Irfan bej OHRI 38. Veli bej KRUJA 18. Kiço KOÇI 39. Visarion XHUVANI 19. Kolë THAÇI 40. Xhemal NAIPI 20. Kostaq (Koço) KOTA 41. Xhemal SHKODRA 21. Llambi GOXHAMANI 42. Ymer bej SHIJAKU Viti 1921 Këshilli Kombëtar/Parlamenti Një dhomë, 78 deputetë 21 prill 1921–30 shtator 1923 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 5 prill 1921. Pandeli EVANGJELI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1921) Eshref FRASHËRI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1922–1923) 1 Lista emërore e deputetëve të Këshillit Kombëtar (Lista pasqyron edhe ndryshimet e bëra gjatë legjislaturës.) 1. Abdyl SULA 49. Mehdi FRASHËRI 2. Agathokli GJITONI 50. Mehmet PENGILI 3. Ahmet HASTOPALLI 51. Mehmet PILKU 4. Ahmet RESULI 52. Mithat FRASHËRI 5.