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Based Student Health Survey in Myanmar (2016) Blurb Report of second Global School- based Student Health Survey in Myanmar (2016) 9 7 8 9 2 9 0 2 2 6 5 9 8 Report of second Global School- based Student Health Survey in Myanmar (2016) Ministry of Health and Sports The Republic of the Union of Myanmar and World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India August 2018 This survey and report have been made possible by the joint efforts of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia and the Ministry of Health and Sports, The Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Online repositories for Myanmar GSHS can be found at: www.cdc.gov/gshs/countries/seasian/myanmar.htm www.who.int/chp/gshs/myanmar/en/ http://www.searo.who.int/nts/publications https://nada.searo.who.int/index.php/home Previous survey report: Ministry of Health, Union of Myanmar. Myanmar Global School-based Student Health Survey 2007. Nay Pyi Taw: Ministry of Health and Sports, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; 2008 (http://www.searo.who.int/nts/publications) Report of the second Global School-based Student Health Survey (2016) in Myanmar ISBN: 978-92-9022-659-8 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation: Report of the second Global School-based Student Health Survey (2016) in Myanmar. New Delhi: World Health Organization; 2018. World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia and Ministry of Health and Sports, Republic of the Union of Myanmar Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party- owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Cover photo credit: Dr Win Lae Htut Printed in India Contents Acknowledgements .........................................................................................v Abbreviations and acronyms ...........................................................................vi List of tables ..................................................................................................vii Foreword by Director General ...................................................................... viii Foreword by the WHO Regional Director for South-East Asia .........................ix Executive summary .........................................................................................xi 1. Introduction ............................................................................................1 1.1 Background .................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ...................................................................................... 2 2. Methods ..................................................................................................3 2.1 Sampling of schools ........................................................................... 3 2.2 Questionnaire and its administration .................................................. 4 2.3 Data management and analyses ........................................................ 5 3. Results .....................................................................................................7 3.1 Diet and physical activity ................................................................ 8 3.2 Tobacco, alcohol and substance use ............................................. 14 3.3 Mental health ............................................................................... 20 3.4 Violence and injury ....................................................................... 25 3.5 Knowledge on HIV infection or AIDS ............................................ 30 3.6 Personal hygiene .......................................................................... 31 4. Discussion .............................................................................................34 4.1 Nutrition status, dietary behaviours and physical activity .............. 34 Report of the second Global School-based Student Health Survey (2016) in Myanmar iii 4.2 Tobacco, alcohol and substance use ............................................. 35 4.3 Mental health ............................................................................... 37 4.4 Violence and injuries .................................................................... 38 4.5 HIV/AIDS knowledge ................................................................... 38 4.6 Personal hygiene .......................................................................... 39 5. Challenges and recommendations ......................................................40 References .................................................................................................... 42 Annexes 1. GSHS Myanmar questionnaire, 2016 ..................................................... 45 2. Comparison of key indicators between 2016 and 2007 GSHS data among students 13–15 years of age in Myanmar ................. 67 3. Detailed tabulations for all indicators on web only 4. GSHS Myanmar Questionnaire 2016 (Burmese) on web only (https://nada.searo.who.int/index.php/catalog/22) Report of the second Global School-based iv Student Health Survey (2016) in Myanmar Acknowledgements The Ministry of Health and Sports, Republic of the Union of Myanmar, expresses sincere and profound gratitude to all individuals and organizations that contributed immensely towards the conduct of Myanmar’s second Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2016. Many individuals and organizations were involved in the planning of, pretesting for and conduct of the survey, as well as in the analysis of the data and writing of the report for the Myanmar GSHS. The survey was carried out under the main responsibilities of School Health Division of the Department of Public Health, State and Region, District and Township Health Department. We would like to acknowledge all the supporters and participants from different levels of the Ministry of Health and Sports. We would also like to thank Dr Laura Kann, Yoshimi Yamakawa, Tim McManus, Connie Lim and Denise Bradford from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta; Ms Leanne Riley from WHO headquarters, Geneva; Dr Thaksaphon Thamarangsi, Dr Manju Rani, Mr Naveen Agarwal and Dr Rizwan SA from the WHO Regional Office for South- East Asia; and Dr Stephan Paul Jost, Dr Myo Paing and Ms Steller Mynt from the WHO Country Office for Myanmar for their valuable technical support and constant guidance. We would also like to express our gratitude to the Department of Basic Education, Ministry of Education, which is the main partner for school health. Without participation from the Ministry of Education, this survey could not have been conducted.
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