Calandrillo in Vitro Fertilization
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Enovid: the First Hormonal Birth Control Pill [1]
Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Enovid: The First Hormonal Birth Control Pill [1] By: Buttar, Aliya Seward, Sheraden Keywords: Contraception [2] Reproductive rights [3] Enovid [4] was the first hormonal birth control [5] pill. G.D. Searle and Company began marketing Enovid [4] as a contraceptive in 1960. The technology was created by the joint efforts of many individuals and organizations, including Margaret Sanger, Katharine McCormick [6], Gregory Pincus, John Rock, Syntex [7], S.A. Laboratories, and G.D. Searle and Company Laboratories. Although there were many pieces and contributors to the final product, it was first conceived of and created by Gregory Pincus and Margaret Sanger through the Worcester Foundation in Worcester, Massachusetts, and was distributed by Searle, located in Chicago. This technology is important to the history of embryology [8] because it changed the way people viewed birth control [5] and revolutionized women’s birth control [5] methods. There is an extensive literature on the cultural and societal effects of the pill; for example, the effect it had on women’s health care, and how it changed perceptions of female sexuality. The pill was created in response to the problems off amily planning [9] and population control. The first discussions of developing the pill occurred after the depression, when poverty was a serious problem throughout the nation. Having smaller families and having more resources for each child was seen as a strategy to combat poverty. During this time period the eugenics movement [10], which encouraged reproduction by particular individuals and discouraged reproduction by others, was also very influential on Sanger and the development of the pill. -
Julio-Septiembre 2020 DE GINECOLOGÍA Y OBSTETRICIA DE GUATEMALA REVAGOG
ISSN: DIGITAL: 2706-9494 IMPRESA: 2706-9486 INDEXACIÓN: BIREME - LILACS REVISTA AGOG ÓRGANO OFICIAL DE LA ASOCIACIÓN Volumen 2, Número 3, Julio-Septiembre 2020 DE GINECOLOGÍA Y OBSTETRICIA DE GUATEMALA REVAGOG 7070añosaños Asociación de Ginecología AGOGy Obstetricia de Guatemala ISSN: DIGITAL: 2706-9494 IMPRESA: 2706-9486 INDEXACIÓN: BIREME - LILACS Directorio DIRECTOR: ASESORÍA: Licda. Alba Deli Ramos Dr. Julio Luis Pozuelos Villavicencio JUNTA DIRECTIVA 2019 SUB DIRECTOR: Presidente: Dr. José León Castillo Barrios Dr. Rodolfo Andrino Vice-Presidente: Dr. Luis Humberto Araujo Rodas Secretaria: Dra. Claudia María León León SECRETARIO: Pro-Secretario: Dra. Annia Patricia Quijivix Ulin Dr. Luis Rolando Hernández Guzmán Tesorero: Dr. Raúl Alfonso García-Salas Castillo Pro-Tesorero: Dr. Héctor Rolando Oliva Caceros COMITÉ EDITORIAL: Vocal I: Dra. Ana Griselda Quijada Tejada Dr. José Alejandro Andrews Bauer Vocal II: Dr. Fernando de Jesús Jucup Escobar Dr. Edgar Herrarte Dr. Julio Lau Dr. Ronaldo Retana Dr. Jesen Hernández JUNTAS DIRECTIVAS SUBSEDES DEPARTAMENTALES: NORORIENTE Presidente: Dr. Ronaldo Retana Albanes COMITÉ DE ÉTICA Y TRIBUNAL DE HONOR: Vicepresidente: Dr. Otto Rene Chicas Dr. Víctor Hugo González Tesorero: Dra. Mildred Cardona A. Dr. Rodolfo Andrino Secretario: Dra. Linda Paola Espina L. Dr. Luis Araujo Vocal: Dr. José Antonio Pineda Dr. Cesar Reyes Dra. Claudia María León León NOROCCIDENTE Presidenta: Dra. Karen López COMISIÓN ELECTORAL 2019-2021 Tesorero: Dr. Fernando Jucup Presidente: Dr. Francisco Eduardo Luna Mejía Secretaria: Dra. Diana Ambrocio Secretaria: Dra. Ana Mónica Batres Parada Vocal: Dr. José Roberto Tay Vocal I: Dra. Sara Elizabeth Ortiz Herrera Vocal II: Dr. Juan Carlos Zea Vega Vocal III: Dra. Ana Griselda Quijada Tejada COMISIONES: Educación Médica Continua: Dra. -
Biographical Memoirs V.68
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4990.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. Biographical Memoirs V.68 Office of the Home Secretary, National Academy of Sciences ISBN: 0-309-56440-9, 400 pages, 6 x 9, (1995) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4990.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online for free • Explore our innovative research tools – try the “Research Dashboard” now! • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department toll- free at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to [email protected]. This book plus thousands more are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution, posting, or copying is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Request reprint permission for this book. Biographical Memoirs V.68 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4990.html i Biographical Memoirs NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES riginal paper book, not from the the authoritative version for attribution. -
Paper and Poster Abstracts for History of Science Society Meeting – 2014
Paper and Poster Abstracts for History of Science Society Meeting – 2014 Abstracts are sorted by the last name of the primary author. Author: Fredrik Albritton Jonsson Title: Coal Futures 1789-1884 Abstract: Long before William Stanley Jevons’ The Coal Question (1865), mining engineers and natural historians sought to calculate the extent of the British coal reserves. Centennial and millennial time scales entered Victorian politics in the 1830s through debates on coal exhaustion. Coal husbandry was theorized by geologists and political economists as a problem of intergenerational equity and became the subject of policy in the case of coal tariffs. After 1870, John Ruskin developed a vision of adverse anthropogenic climate change, linked to deforestation, agriculture, glacial contraction, and coal use. In short, politicians, intellectuals, and scientists increasingly began to see industrial Britain as a carbon society, subject to unprecedented environmental pressures. Author: Janet Abbate Title: From Handmaiden to “Proper Intellectual Discipline”: Computer Science, the NSF, and the Status of Applied Science in 1960s America Abstract: From the mid-1950s to 1970, relations between academic computer scientists and the National Science Foundation underwent a significant shift. Initially regarded by NSF as merely a tool to support the more established sciences, computer science rapidly became institutionalized in university departments and degree programs in the early 1960s, and NSF responded by creating an Office of Computing Activities in 1967 to fund research and education as well as facilities. Since funding is essential to the practice of science as well as a signifier of disciplinary power and status, acquiring a dedicated government funding stream was a remarkable coup for such a young field. -
MIN CHUEH CHANG October 10, 1908–June 5, 1991
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES M I N Ch UE H Ch AN G 1908—1991 A Biographical Memoir by RO Y O . G R E E P Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1995 NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON D.C. MIN CHUEH CHANG October 10, 1908–June 5, 1991 BY ROY O. GREEP HE LIFE WORK OF Min Chueh Chang centered on a dis- Tcrete portion of the mammalian reproduction process, the part that begins with the existence of male and female free living gametes and ends with their successful union, fertilization. In this sphere Chang was a world leader, a giant of his time. That, however, is only part of the fame that is conjured up by the mention of his name. Actually, Chang is best known in the public mind for his work on the development of the oral contraceptive, “the Pill.” The lat- ter benefited millions of women and fomented a social/ sexual revolution. This freeing of the sexual act from the threat of conception led to major changes in the way men and women live together. To bring these two related but very different aspects of Chang’s research into perspective, it is important to note that of his forty-five years in research only five (1951 through 1956) were spent in proving the effectiveness of certain steroids in controlling fertility in laboratory mammals when administered orally. This was his greatest contribution in pragmatic terms. -
Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research (WFBR) Papers, 1944 – 1997 [Formerly Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology (WFEB)]: a Finding Aid
University of Massachusetts Medical School eScholarship@UMMS Finding Aids Office of Medical History and Archives 2017-2 Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research (WFBR) Papers, 1944 – 1997 [formerly Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology (WFEB)]: A Finding Aid Office of Medical History and Archives, Lamar Soutter Library, University of Massachusetts Medical School Et al. Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/finding_aids Part of the Archival Science Commons, and the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Repository Citation Office of Medical History and Archives, Lamar Soutter Library, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Litvak D, Sjostedt KM. (2017). Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research (WFBR) Papers, 1944 – 1997 [formerly Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology (WFEB)]: A Finding Aid. Finding Aids. https://doi.org/10.13028/dgk9-kh06. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/ finding_aids/9 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. This material is brought to you by eScholarship@UMMS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Finding Aids by an authorized administrator of eScholarship@UMMS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research (WFBR) Papers, 1944 – 1997 [formerly Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology (WFEB)] A Finding Aid Lamar Soutter Library, Office of Medical History and Archives University of Massachusetts Medical School Descriptive Summary Repository: Lamar Soutter Library, Office of Medical History and Archives University of Massachusetts Medical School Identification: SC 9 Creator: Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology / Biomedical Research Title: Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research Papers [formerly Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology] Date(s): 1944 - 1997 Quantity: 13 record cartons, 18 photograph boxes, 1 slides storage box. -
7 the Pill and the Pope.Indd
The West of England Medical Journal Vol 115 No 3 Article 7 Bristol Medico-Historical Society Proceedings The Pill and the Pope THOMAS F. BASKEtt MB, FRCS(C), FRCS (Ed), FRCOG, DHMSA Emeritus Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Presented at the joint meeting with the Bristol Medico Chirurgical Society April 2016 ABSTRacT his talk outlines the development of the oral contraceptive Tpill and the roles of the individuals involved. Two formidable women, Margaret Sanger and Katherine McCormick, were the instigators and facilitators; Gregory Pincus, Min Chang, Russell Marker, Carl Djerassi and Frank Colton the scientists and John Rock, Celso Garcia and Edris Rice-Wray the clinicians. Their contribution to the development of the pill and the early evolution of the birth control movement will be outlined. The pill stimulated the Catholic Church to confront its position on contraception, and in 1963 the Pontifical Commission on Birth Control was established to advise the Pope. The recommendations of the commission and the Pope’s response will be discussed. MARGARET SANGER Margaret Sanger (1879 – 1966) was the most influential person in the campaign for women’s sexual and reproductive freedom in North America during the first half of the 20th century. She was born Margaret Higgins to Irish immigrant parents from 1 The West of England Medical Journal Vol 115 No.3 Article 7 Bristol Medico-Historical Society Proceedings Margaret Sanger Cork and, as the sixth of eleven children, was raised in modest circumstances in Corning, New York. After training as a nurse she married William Sanger, an architect and artist, had three children and for a time lived as a mother and housewife. -
GREGORY GOODWIN PINCUS April 9,1903-August 22,1967
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES G REGORY GOOD W I N P INCUS 1903—1967 A Biographical Memoir by Dw I G H T J . INGLE Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1971 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. GREGORY GOODWIN PINCUS April 9,1903-August 22,1967 BY DWIGHT J. INGLE REGORY PINCUS achieved important aims in life and had a G salubrious influence upon the lives of many others and he died while fully active as a scientist-statesman of the world. Gregory Pincus was an ambitious man who sought, gained, and enjoyed power in certain fields of biology which relate to med- icine. He did not achieve power and fame by great discovery, luck, privilege, or favoritism but by devotion to noble goals in which he wholeheartedly believed. He could have used his knowledge and influence to gain wealth but did not. Among a host of individual achievements, three especially brought the power that he quietly cherished. These were the organization and direction of the Laurentian Hormone Conference, the or- ganization and direction, with his friend Hudson Hoagland, of the Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, and the development of the antifertility pill. He was interested in the processes of reproduction and aging, and in several of the great diseases, such as arthritis, cancer, and psychoses. He was interested in the functions of the adrenal cortex and its response to stress. He took the chair at many conferences. -
Final Programme
The British Society for the History of Science BSHS ANNUAL CONFERENCE University of St Andrews 3-6 July 2014 Contents Emergency Contact Details ........................................................................................................................................... ii Welcome to the BSHS 2014 Annual Conference! ................................................................................................ 1 Local Gazetteer .................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Map of St Andrews ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 Plan of the Gateway Building ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Programme.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Tours and Special Sessions ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Full Listing of Academic Sessions ........................................................................................................................... 10 Abstracts for Themed Sessions ............................................................................................................................... -
Robert Edwards: Nobel Laureate in Physiology Or Medicine
ROBERT EDWARDS: NOBEL LAUREATE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE Nobel Lecture/Nobel Prize Symposium in Honour of Robert G. Edwards, December 7, 2010 by MARTIN H. JOHNSON* Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK. Today we are here to celebrate the achievements of Robert Edwards. It is however a celebration tinged with sadness. Sadness that Bob himself is not well enough to be here in person, so in preparing this lecture, I have tried to weave into it some of Bob’s written and spoken words. Sadness also that nei- ther Patrick Steptoe (1913–1988; Fig. 1) [1] nor Jean Purdy (1946–1985; Fig. 2) [2], two of his key collaborators, are alive to celebrate with him. TO BEGIN AT THE BEGINNING Robert Geoffrey Edwards was born on the 27th of September 1925 in the small Yorkshire mill town of Batley. He arrived into a working-class family, the second of three brothers − an older brother, Sammy and a younger, Harry. These brothers Bob describes as competitive, “all determined to win or, if not to win, to go down fighting” [3]. Bob’s mother, Margaret, was a machinist in a local mill. She came originally from Manchester, to where the family relocated when Bob was about 5, and where he was educated. In those days, bright working class kids could take a scholarship exam at age 10 or 11 in competition for the few coveted places at a grammar school: the potential pathway out of poverty and even to University. All three brothers passed the exam, but Sammy decided against Grammar School, preferring to leave education as soon as he could to start earning. -
Los Sesenta Años De La Píldora Anticonceptiva: Una Mirada Panorámica a Un Hito De La Medicina
REVAGOG 2020; 2(3) 142-155 ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL LOS SESENTA AÑOS DE LA PÍLDORA ANTICONCEPTIVA: UNA MIRADA PANORÁMICA A UN HITO DE LA MEDICINA. THE SIXTY YEARS OF THE CONTRACEPTIVE PILL: A PANORAMIC LOOK AT A MILESTONE OF MEDICINE Álvaro Monterrosa-Castro (*) RESUMEN PALABRAS CLAVE: A lo largo de la historia y a través de diferentes culturas, el hombre Historia de la Medicina; Anticonceptivos; Anticonceptivos ha hecho notorio el deseo de controlar su fertilidad, sin dejar al Femeninos; Anticonceptivos orales; Anticonceptivos hormonales azar la posibilidad de una gestación. Desde siempre ha buscado orales. una anticoncepción eficaz: con fórmulas mágicas, alternativas del entorno, el recurso de las supersticiones y también con prácticas SUMMARY razonables producto del cúmulo de conocimientos relacionados Throughout history and through different cultures, man has made con la reproducción. En mayo del fue aprobada en los known his desire to own fertility’s control, without leaving the Estados Unidos, la primera píldora anticonceptiva. Desde siempre possibility of pregnancy to chance. Since always has sought effective ha sido la herramienta farmacológica de mayor estudio y ha contraception: with magic formulas, environmental alternatives, evolucionado sustancialmente para ofrecer cada vez más eficacia, superstitions and also with reasonable practices resulting from the aunque la concentración y carga hormonal fuese cada vez menor. accumulation of knowledge related to reproduction. In May , La píldora abrió el camino a la anticoncepción hormonal, pues fue the first contraceptive pill was approved in the United States. It has creando espacio a otras vías de administración. Muchos hombres always been the greatest pharmacological tool of study and has y mujeres de ciencia, muchísimas horas de investigación, una evolved substantially to offer more efficacy, even its concentration lucha permanente para romper paradigma y la participación and hormonal load has decreased.