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Parenting Gizi Berbasis Whatsapp: Literasi Digital Guna Mendukung Generasi Sehat Berprestasi JURNAL PENGABDIAN PADA MASYARAKAT ISSN 2540-8739 (print) | ISSN 2540-8747 (online) http://ppm.ejournal.id Vol. 5, No. 4, 2020 DOI: 10.30653/002.202054.387 Parenting Gizi Berbasis Whatsapp: Literasi Digital Guna Mendukung Generasi Sehat Berprestasi Reni Pawestuti Ambari Sumanto1, Henny Puji Astuti2, Ni Kadek Aris Rahmadani2, R. Agustinus Arum Eka Nugroho2 1, 2 Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia A B S T R A C T NUTRITIONAL PARENTING ASSISTED WHATSAPP; DIGITAL LITERACY TO SUPPORT THE HEALTHY GENERATION OF ACHIEVERS. Parents have an important role in a family. Parental involvement in childcare has great potential to be developed. The potential of parents in parenting can be optimized through the potential of human and technological resources. In the current digital era, the potential for parental involvement can be strengthened by whatsapp-based digital literacy. Whatsapp is a technology resource that can convey various forms of messages such as text messages, voice messages, picture messages, even voice and video calls. This activity aims to empower parents in providing balanced nutrition for children through whatsapp-based parenting activities. The target group used as partners in this activity are parents of toddlers who attend Pos PAUD, at Pos PAUD Lestari II, Semarang City, Central Java. The method used in this activity was the initiation and parenting of whatsapp continuously. The results of activities carried out in the form of whatsapp-based nutrition parenting groups, the number of participants consisted of 20 parents, the results showed there were 85% of parents who had high enthusiasm when whatsapp parenting took place and 35% of parents were able to practice balanced diet for children. This activity needs to be continued given the limited number of parents who can practice balanced diet, the next activity can be in the form of literacy strengthening through peer education activities as an effort to increase parental involvement in fulfilling children's nutritional intake. Keywords: Balance Diet, Digital Literacy, Parenting, Whatsapp. Received: Revised: Accepted: Available online: 06.01.2020 18.06.2020 21.10.2020 30.11.2020 Suggested citation: Ambari Sumanto, R. P., Astuti, H. P., Rahmadani, N. K. A., & Nugroho, R. A. A. E. (2020). Parenting Gizi Berbasis Whatsapp: Literasi Digital Guna Mendukung Generasi Sehat Berprestasi. Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat, 5(4), 1004-1014. https://doi.org/10.30653/002.202054.387 Open Access | URL: http://ppm.ejournal.id/index.php/pengabdian/article/view/387 1 Corresponding Author: Jurusan Pendidikan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, FIP Universitas Negeri Semarang; Gedung A3 lantai 1, Kampus UNNES Sekaran, Gunungpati, Kota Semarang, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] 1004 JURNAL PENGABDIAN PADA MASYARAKAT, 5(4), 2020, pp. 1004-1014 | 1005 PENDAHULUAN Pembangunan sumber daya manusia menjadi fokus pembangunan saat ini. Terwujudnya sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas menjadi salah satu harapan bangsa Indonesia sehingga mampu berdaya saing global. Salah satu tantangan dalam pembangunan sumber daya manusia saat ini adalah optimalisasi masa anak-anak. Masa anak-anak awal menjadi salah satu masa peletakkan pondasi kehidupan dan akan menentukan tahapan kehidupan berikutnya sehingga lazim dikenal dengan masa keemasan. Pada masa keemasan, orangtua menjadi aktor penting optimalisasi tumbuh kembang anak. Proses tumbuh kembang anak dapat berlangsung optimal dengan dukungan lingkungan dan proses belajar berkelanjutan dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Dukungan lingkungan antara lain tingkat kecukupan gizi terutama energi dan protein yang berhubungan langsung dengan status gizi dan perkembangan anak (Solihin, Anwar, & Sukandar, 2013). Permasalahan status gizi di Indonesia berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) pada tahun 2013 antara lain gizi buruk (5.7%), gizi kurang (13.9%), sangat pendek (18%), pendek (19.2%), sangat kurus (5.3%), kurus (6.8%) dan overweigth (11.9%) (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2013). Dibandingkan dengan data RISKESDAS tahun 2007 terdapat peningkatan tren pada status gizi buruk sebesar 0.8%, gizi kurang sebesar 0.9% dan pendek sebesar 2.1% (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2013). Peningkatan tren status gizi perlu mendapat perhatian dari seluruh elemen masyarakat termasuk keluarga dan keterlibatan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) sebagai wadah stimulasi tumbuh kembang anak. Undang-undang Nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional menyatakan keberadaan PAUD bagi anak usia balita atau prasekolah adalah upaya pembinaan yang ditujukan kepada anak sejak lahir sampai dengan umur enam tahun yang dilakukan melalui pemberian rangsangan pendidikan untuk membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani dan rohani agar anak memiliki kesiapan dalam memasuki pendidikan lanjut. Pos PAUD merupakan salah satu bentuk satuan PAUD sejenis yang berada di masyarakat dengan kepemilikan perseorangan atau komunitas tertentu sehingga pelaksanaan kegiatan PAUD belum dapat sepadan dengan PAUD formal yang berada di lingkungan Kementerian Pendidikan. Hal ini perlu mendapat perhatian dari pegiat PAUD untuk dapat memberdayakan Pos PAUD dengan berbagai kegiatan terkait pendidikan yang dapat menstimulasi pertumbuhan anak. Kegiatan parenting merupakan salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan anak. Studi di PAUD Permata Hati menunjukkan parenting dapat dilaksanakan oleh orangtua sesuai dengan materi yang telah disampaikan (Monikasari, 2013). Berbagai bentuk upaya telah dilakukan antara lain upaya peningkatan pengetahuan gizi anak usia dini melalui parenting (Komara dan Putri, 2019), penyampaian konten dalam parenting dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai modal yaitu penggabungan konten berbentuk visual, teks dan audio sekaligus, multimodal saat ini lazim dijumpai melalui media digital (Jones dan Hafner, 2012). Dari bermacam-macam bentuk media digital, whatsapp merupakan salah satu media digital berupa pesan instan yang menduduki peringkat pertama sebagai media yang digunakan masyarakat Indonesia (Trisnani, 2017). 1006 | Reni Pawestuti Ambari Sumanto, Henny Puji Astuti, Ni Kadek Aris Rahmadani, R. Agustinus Arum Eka Nugroho Studi pendahuluan mengungkap persoalan mitra dalam hal ini orangtua yang berada di Pos PAUD Lestari 2 adalah belum pernah mendapatkan kegiatan parenting dalam bentuk apapun baik dari pihak pemerintah maupun swasta sehingga perlu ada upaya pemberian informasi dan pemberdayaan orangtua terkait asupan gizi pada anak melalui kegiatan parenting. Kegiatan parenting gizi berbasis whatsapp merupakan bentuk literasi digital yang dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan, literasi digital dimaknai sebagai kemampuan individu mendapat dan mengolah informasi melalui media digital. Adapun literasi digital dalam parenting gizi memuat bahasan pedoman gizi seimbang yang diharapkan mampu menanggulangi permasalahan gizi anak. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang Dalam upaya mengoptimalkan penyampaian pesan gizi seimbang kepada masyarakat, diperlukan komunikasi, informasi dan edukasi yang tepat dan berbasis masyarakat. Pendidikan dan penyuluhan gizi dengan menggunakan slogan 4 Sehat 5 Sempurna yang dimulai 1952, telah berhasil menanamkan pengertian tentang pentingnya gizi dan kemudian merubah perilaku konsumsi masyarakat. Prinsip 4 Sehat 5 Sempurna yang diperkenalkan oleh Bapak Gizi Indonesia Prof. Poorwo Soedarmo yang terinspirasi dari Basic Four Amerika Serikat yang mulai diperkenalkan pada era 1940an adalah menu makanan yang terdiri dari makanan pokok, lauk pauk, sayuran dan buah-buahan, serta minum susu untuk menyempurnakan menu tersebut. Namun slogan tersebut sudah tidak sesuai lagi dengan perkembangan ilmu dan permasalahan gizi dewasa ini sehingga perlu diperbarui dengan slogan dan visual yang sesuai dengan kondisi saat ini. Prinsip Nutrition Guide for Balanced Diet hasil kesepakatan konferensi pangan sedunia di Roma Tahun 1992 diyakini akan mampu mengatasi beban ganda masalah gizi, baik kekurangan maupun kelebihan gizi. Di Indonesia prinsip tersebut dikenal dengan Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Perbedaan mendasar antara slogan 4 Sehat 5 Sempurna dengan Pedoman Gizi Seimbang adalah: Konsumsi makan sehari-hari harus mengandung zat gizi dalam jenis dan jumlah (porsi) yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan setiap orang atau kelompok umur. Konsumsi makanan harus memperhatikan prinsip 4 pilar yaitu anekaragam pangan, perilaku hidup bersih, aktivitas fisik dan memantau berat badan secara teratur untuk mempertahankan berat badan normal (Kemenkes RI, 2014). Prinsip Gizi Seimbang Prinsip Gizi Seimbang terdiri dari 4 (empat) Pilar yang pada dasarnya merupakan rangkaian upaya untuk menyeimbangkan antara zat gizi yang keluar dan zat gizi yang masuk dengan memantau berat badan secara teratur. Empat Pilar tersebut adalah: 1) Mengonsumsi aneka ragam pangan Tidak ada satupun jenis makanan yang mengandung semua jenis zat gizi yang dibutuhkan tubuh untuk menjamin pertumbuhan dan mempertahankan kesehatannya, kecuali Air Susu Ibu (ASI) untuk bayi baru lahir sampai berusia 6 bulan. Contoh: nasi merupakan sumber utama kalori, tetapi miskin vitamin dan mineral; sayuran dan buah- buahan pada umumnya kaya akan vitamin, mineral dan serat, tetapi miskin kalori dan protein; ikan merupakan sumber utama protein tetapi sedikit kalori. Khusus untuk bayi berusia 0-6 bulan, ASI merupakan makanan tunggal yang sempurna. Hal ini disebabkan JURNAL PENGABDIAN PADA MASYARAKAT, 5(4), 2020, pp. 1004-1014 | 1007 karena ASI dapat mencukupi kebutuhan untuk tumbuh dan berkembang dengan optimal, serta sesuai dengan kondisi
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