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HARVARD + GOVERNING PRINCIPLES: KENNEDY BRINGING FRESH PERSPECTIVES FIGHTER: CONGRESSWOMAN SCHOOL MARTHA MCSALLY MPP 1990 TEACHING IN TIME: magazine summer 2017 HISTORY’S ROLE IN POLICY AN UNEXPECTED PEACEMAKER THE SIXTH COURSE “IT WAS HERE AT HARVARD that my father became the man that he would be,” Caroline Kennedy told the audience joining her in the Forum in April to celebrate the 100th anniversary of President John F. Kennedy’s birth. Kennedy, a former U.S. ambassador to Japan, and Kennedy School professors R. Nicholas Burns, Graham Allison, Meghan O’Sullivan, and Joseph Nye discussed “American power and global security.” Other panel discussions and Forums focused on civil rights, international development, and environmental policy. The spirit of the man that John Kennedy had become and of the public engagement that he embodied, was reflected in it all. MARTHA STEWART MARTHA summerwinter 20172017 | | harvard harvard kennedykennedy schoolschool 1 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IN THIS ISSUE AFTER MANY YEARS of working for the U.S. national government and living in Washington, I am now watching the government function (or not) from a little distance here in Cambridge. As I observe developments and talk with my friends who are serving in the government now, I am quite concerned about the undermining of longstanding public norms and civic institutions— from the role of the press to the rule of law—and about the ineff ectiveness of elected offi cials in addressing the country’s problems. Moreover, these challenges to good governance are not unique to the United States. Yet, I remain very optimistic about the ability of governance to improve people’s lives, in Associate Dean for the United States and around the world. Th at optimism is reinforced by the wonderful and Communications and Public Affairs important work I see from the students, alumni, and faculty of Harvard Kennedy School—some Thoko Moyo of which we highlight in this magazine. Executive Editor Our cover story in this issue features Frank Pearl mc/mpa 2011, whose life off ers a wonderful Sarah Abrams example of the power of public service. Frank worked with Editor Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos mc/mpa 1981 to achieve Robert O’Neill peace in their country aft er 50 years of civil war—eff orts for which Designers President Santos received the Nobel Peace Prize last December. Janet Friskey Frank even shuttled back and forth (in secret) during his studies Jennifer Eaton Alden at the Kennedy School, applying lessons learned here in real time. Printer For Martha McSally mpp His story shows how much good governance can mean to people. Lane Press 1990 the cockpit of the A-10 Th is issue also reports on Martha McSally mpp 1990, a retired Harvard Kennedy School Magazine Thunderbolt preceded her Air Force colonel and the fi rst female pilot to fl y in combat for the is published two times a year Arizona congressional seat United States. Martha entered the political arena as she came to by John F. Kennedy School of realize how much good can be accomplished by public-spirited Government leaders. Sworn into the House of Representatives in 2015 from Offi ce of Communications Arizona’s 8th district, Martha has already made a diff erence, and Public Affairs 79 John F. Kennedy Street FEATURE STORIES generating increased support for veterans and border communities Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 and a restoration of the rights of female World War II pilots to be Phone: 617-495-1164 14 An Unexpected Peacemaker Frank Pearl MC/MPA 2011 helps negotiate an end buried in Arlington National Cemetery. E-mail: [email protected] to Colombia’s 50-year civil war. You will also hear in the following pages from a few of our Copyright ©2017 by the President faculty members—some recently returned from Washington and and Fellows of Harvard College. 20 Teaching in Time History takes on an even greater role at the Kennedy School. others who served in Washington in earlier times—about the All rights reserved. importance of government service and how their own service has informed their academic Magazine Advisory Board 26 Fighter Congresswoman Martha McSally mpp 1990 never shies from a challenge. pursuits. Th ese faculty members exemplify the Kennedy School’s 81 years (and counting) of Joe Bergantino mc/mpa 1985 commitment to improving government even while we have broadened our scope to include James Carras mc/mpa 1980 30 Governing Principles Time in Washington brings fresh perspectives to faculty teaching. Phil Cronin mpp 1996 contributions to the public good from other sectors. Tiziana Dearing mpp 2000 In the next issue, we will share with you the grand opening of our transformed campus. Th e Melodie Jackson mc/mpa 2001 new buildings are nearly fi nished, and they will greatly strengthen our ability to accomplish David King, faculty DEPARTMENTS our mission, with state-of-the-art classrooms, new convening space, a new dining area, and Chris Olver mpp 2012 4 Ideas Immigration | Health 12 Public interest Tom Vallely 40 Alumni voices additional offi ces and meeting spaces. We will have the room we need to more eff ectively carry Wendy Pangburn mc/mpa 1986 Costs Containment | Updating MC/MPA 1983 and unsettled Classnotes | Allan Wendt MC/MPA out the work that is so important to the world and that we care so deeply about. We will also Craig Sandler mc/mpa 2000 Carbon Tax | Property Rules | history | Faculty members react 1967 | Jen Tutak MPA 2012 | Rey say more in the next issue about our recent discussions focusing on the values of hks and about Janice Saragoni mc/mpa 1989 Jeffrey Seglin, faculty Perfecting Attendance to Paris Accord withdrawal Faustino MPP 2012 new initiatives at the school, including those to strengthen democracy, increase economic Ken Shulman mc/mpa 2004 opportunity, and improve public administration. Steven Singer mc/mpa 1986 8 Profiles Irish Fianna Fáil 36 Bully pulpit Arthur Brooks| 62 Ways and means We encourage you to visit us soon at our new campus, or, virtually, on our revamped website, Scott Talan mc/mpa 2002 politician Stephen Donnelly Loretta Lynch | John Lewis | A Business Case for Equity | Policy and to share the excitement as the Kennedy School moves ahead in making the world a better Donald Tighe mc/mpa 1999 MPA/ID 2008 never expected and others Know-how | “Diversity Is a Reality, place. All of us here at the school are grateful for your ongoing interest in our mission. to go into politics | Inclusion Is a Choice” MC/MPA 38 In print Destined for War | Dean Doug Elmendorf Ban Ki-Moon 1984 | Brooke Ellison MPP 2004: A Rwandan Women Rising | Dealing 64 Exit poll Don K. Price Professor of Public Policy with Dysfunction | Cycles of 2017 childhood accident brings August Invention and Discovery | Insider This magazine is printed on 100 percent challenges and opportunities postconsumer waste paper (text) and Threats | Social Policy Expansion Cover photo by Daniel Garzon 30 percent postconsumer waste paper in Latin America (cover) and is fsc® certifi ed. MARTHA STEWART MARTHA COURTESY SUBJECT THE OF COURTESY 2 www.hks.harvard.edu summer 2017 | harvard kennedy school 3 IDEAS Border Tensions “The quickest way to sharply reduce global inequality would be to drop all restrictions on labor mobility in rich countries,” writes DANI RODRIK, Ford Foundation Professor of International Political Economy, in “Is Global Equality the Enemy of National Equality?” “Yet this would cause the bottom of the labor market in those countries to collapse, and possibly cause severe institutional and political damage that undermines productivity levels in the host countries.” While there are real tensions between national and international equality, Rodrik suggests existing barriers on worker mobility are too high. Partial lowering of these barriers would be desirable even if policymakers hold preferences that are far from cosmopolitan. IMMIGRATION | In 2015, nearly a quarter billion people lived in a country One in Ten other than where they were born. Whether fl eeing from poverty or war (20 million out of the Although migration is seen as a “voluntary adult phenomenon,” about one out of ten migrants is a child or an adolescent. “As a 244 million are refugees) or marching toward society, we are stymied by a fundamental contradiction in our opportunity or reunion, whether illegal or legal, smuggled approach,” writes JACQUELINE BHABHA in her book Child Migration in a container or arriving by jet, an enormous population is on the and Human Rights in a Global Age. “We view the state as having a protective obligation toward vulnerable children in its role as parens move. For the countries left behind and those that are destinations, patriae, parent of the nation; but we also expect the state to protect immigration is an issue with enormous political, economic, and us from threatening, unruly, and uncontrolled outsiders, even if they moral implications. Examining issues that range from global inequality are children. It is not that we have forgotten or missed the problems to the wages of Miami high school dropouts, from the strain on the of migrant children. Rather they are a moving target, compelling but shifting, and we are deeply ambivalent about our responses. Our politics of host countries to the moral arguments for sharing wealth or neglect of child migrants’ rights is therefore a strategic compromise helping the most vulnerable, Kennedy School faculty members are Displaced people fleeing from that represents our unresolved ambivalence. It has enabled us bringing critical thinking to this often emotional subject. Islamic State militants in the to avoid the conceptual and political dilemmas raised by child Tahrir neighborhood of Mosul migration and to sidestep the policy challenges it presents.” Effects of Movement Lifting Which Boats? Welcome Home Territorial Claims A 35-year-old Haitian man with a high school education would earn In April 1980, Cuban President Fidel Castro announced that Cuban What happens when a wave of migrants return to their country How can you begin to think about immigration if you take the six times as much in the United States as in his native country.