The 2001 Conflict in FYROM - Reflections
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BALKANS Briefing
BALKANS Briefing Skopje/Brussels, 27 July 2001 MACEDONIA: STILL SLIDING This ICG briefing paper continues the analysis of the Macedonian crisis begun in the ICG’s two most recent reports from Skopje: Balkans Reports No. 109, The Macedonian Question: Reform or Rebellion (5 April 2001) and No. 113, Macedonia: The Last Chance for Peace (20 June 2001). It analyses what has happened during the past five weeks, anticipates what may happen next, and describes the dilemma the international community faces if it is to improve the prospects of averting an open ethnic war. I. OVERVIEW almost nothing else separates the two sides, who have agreed on “95 per cent of those things that were to be negotiated”.1 Despite the ceasefire announced on 26 July 2001, and the promised resumption of political talks in Yet this is not how the matter appears inside the Tetovo on 27 July, Macedonia is still locked in country. Ethnic Macedonians believe the republic- crisis and threatened by war. Neither ethnic wide use of Albanian – as proposed by the Macedonian nor ethnic Albanian leaders have been international mediators – would pose a threat to converted to belief in a ‘civic’ settlement that their national identity that cannot be justified, would strengthen democracy by improving given that only one third to one quarter of the minority conditions, without weakening the population speaks the language. They are also integrity of the state. Ethnic Macedonians fear that convinced that all Albanians would refuse to civic reforms will transform the country communicate in Macedonian. Given that almost no exclusively to its, and their, detriment, while ethnic ethnic Macedonians can speak Albanian, they also Albanians are sceptical that any reforms can really fear that bilingualism would become necessary for be made to work in their favour. -
Macedonia: Not out of the Woods Yet
Update Briefing Europe Briefing N°37 Skopje/Brussels, 25 February 2005 Macedonia: Not out of the Woods Yet I. OVERVIEW the two parties forced a 7 November 2004 referendum vote on the proposed law. Prime Minister Vlado Buckovski and representatives of Although VMRO was a signatory to the original peace his government and the opposition converged in Brussels agreement, it used the pre-referendum period to question on 14 February 2005 to hand over Macedonia's response sharply the government's performance and the general to the European Commission's 3,000-item questionnaire, wisdom of power-sharing among the ethnic communities. the latest stage in the EU membership application, The government worked to reassure its supporters and which was formally submitted almost a year ago. The argued that its plans would guarantee fast track economic occasion was celebrated by a concert starring Macedonian growth, European integration and better governance. musicians at an exclusive Brussels venue. Appropriately The emergence of Albanian paramilitaries on the enough for St. Valentine's Day, the relationship with the outskirts of Skopje increased tensions and gave rise to EU had taken on a new depth, but nuptials are far from concerns that Macedonia's young and fragile multi-ethnic concluded. The considerable progress Macedonia has democracy might be at serious risk. made is still fragile. The crucial decentralisation process requires careful implementation, and the coalition A strategically-timed U.S. decision to recognise the government and its constituent parties should apply a country's official name as "Macedonia" helped to ensure number of confidence building measures. -
Foreign Policy Yearbook 2008.Pdf
Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs Minoritenplatz 8 A-1014 Vienna Tel: During office hours on work days between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. 0 50 11 50-0 / international: +43 50 11 50-0 or: (01) 90 115-0 / int.: (+43-1) 90 115-0 For general information: 0800 234 888 (toll free number, cannot be dialled from outside Austria) Fax: 0 50 11 59-0 / international: +43 50 11 59-0 or: (01) 904 20 16-0 / international: (+43-1) 904 20 16-0 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.bmeia.gv.at Citizens’ Help Desk In case of emergency abroad the Citizens’ Help Desk can be reached 24 hours a day: Tel: 0 50 11 50-4411 / international: +43 50 11 50-4411 or: (01) 90 115-4411 / international: +43 1 90 115-4411 Fax: 0 50 11 59-4411 / international: +43 50 11 59-4411 or: 0 50 11 59-245 / international: +43 50 11 59-245 or: (01) 904 20 16-245 / international: (+43-1) 904 20 16-245 E-Mail: [email protected] Assistance services available to Austrian citizens abroad are detailed on the homepage of the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs at www.bmeia.gv.at under “Service”. Austrian Foreign Policy Yearbook 2008 Report by the Federal Minister for European and International Affairs Proprietor and Publisher: Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs A-1014 Vienna, Minoritenplatz 8 Austria Edited and Coordinated by: Thomas Schlesinger Christoph Weidinger Clemens Geelhaar Monika Lemmerer English translation coordinated by: Sabine Hübler Printed by: Manz Crossmedia GmbH & Co KG A-1051 Vienna, Stolberggasse 26 Austria The original German version is available at: www.bmeia.gv.at, or in printed form in the Information Management, Documentation, Knowledge Management Department at the Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs Preface In 2008, the international community faced a number of very special challenges, ranging from the global economic crisis and the problems of the European energy supply at the beginning of the year to the conflicts in Georgia and Gaza. -
The Kosovo Protection Corps. a Critical Study of Its De
The Kosovo Protection Corps A Critical Study of its De-activation as a Transition Ade Clewlow Department of Security and Conflict Management Affairs International of Institute Norwegian Security in Practice 4 · 2010 [NUPI Report] Publisher: The Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Copyright: © Norwegian Institute of International Affairs 2010 ISBN: 978-82-7002-273-1 Any views expressed in this publication are those of the author. They should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. The text may not be printed in part or in full without the permission of the author. Visiting address: C.J. Hambros plass 2 d Address: P.O. Box 8159 Dep. 0033 Oslo Norway Internet: www.nupi.no E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [+ 47] 22 36 21 82 Tel: [+ 47] 22 99 40 00 The Kosovo Protection Corps A Critical Study of its De-activation as a Transition Ade Clewlow Lieutenant Colonel, MBE, Former KFOR Liaison Officer to the KPC The final KPC parade before De-Activation This report is part of the Norwegian engagement in the Multinational Experiment 6 (MNE-6). The project is financed by the Norwegian Ministry of Defence and is managed by the Innovation, Network Capabilities and Information Infrastructure Command (INI). Besides NUPI, the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) and the Defence Staff College are also engaged in the programme. Further information can be found at: http://mne.oslo.mil.no Context This paper has been written from a practitioner’s perspective. The author spent 6 months embedded with the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC) command team, spending hours in their company during its de-activation. -
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11. -
Monitoring of Media May 10Th –July 28Th 2011
NGO INFO-CENTRE MACEDONIAN CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN EDUCATION Monitoring of Media May 10th –July 28th 2011 Who will push forward the European agenda in Macedonia? SKOPJE, October 2011 C O N T E N T S 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. QUANTITATIVE OVERVIEW 3 3. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4 4. ANALYSIS 6 4.1 Fair and Democratic Elections: Appeals and Expectations 6 4.2 EU Agenda in Political Parties’ Campaigns 7 4.3 Orban and the European Right in the Campaign Train 7 4.4 Sorensen Leaves 9 4.5 Visa Regime Returns? 9 4.6 The Name: Issue that can’t be Escaped 10 4.7 Evaluation of Election Process 11 4.8 The Polish Presidency 12 4.9 Diplomatic Activities 13 4.10 Expose 14 4.11 EU Remarks 14 2 Who will push forward the European agenda in Macedonia? 1. Introduction The NGO Info-centre, in cooperation with the Macedonian Centre for European Training (MCET), continues its monitoring of quality of media coverage of the European integration processes in Macedonia in 2011. The monitoring programme is financially supported by the Foundation Open Society Institute Macedonia (FOSIM). This report covers the period from May 10 to July 28, 2011. The analyses includes the coverage in eight daily newspapers (Utrinski vesnik; Dnevnik; Vest; Večer; Vreme; Nova Makedonija, Špic and Koha) and the central news programmes aired on eight TV stations that broadcast nationally and over the satellite (A1 TV; Kanal 5 TV; Sitel TV; Telma TV; MTV 1; Alfa TV; Alsat TV and MTV2). It should be noted that the coverage in Vreme and Špic dailies concluded through July 2, 2011, and for A1 TV the monitoring was concluded on July 19, 2011, the respective dates of their termination. -
Annual Report 2015
ANNUAL REPORT 2 0 1 5 Finance Think is the only research organization in Macedonia that acquired the HR Excel- lence in Research logo, which is a form of accreditation by the European Commission. 180 % organizational growth by revenues 25 % more published products 138 % higher targeted impact ANNUAL REPORT | 3 About Finance Think Finance Think is a non-profit institute for economic research and policies, founded in 2012, with the aim to reduce poverty, to strenghten macroeconomic policies and to advance financial stability. PROGRAM AREAS PRINCIPLES AND VALUES economic processes. ◊ Researchers are focused on their In order to achieve our mission and vision, Finance Think is guided by the following research for the good of the mankind the focus of work is on three program principles and values: and for expanding the borders of areas, of which the first is considered the scientific knowledge, while the main: ◊ The research agenda is linked and enjoying the freedom of thought integrated with the mission of the and expression. Development economics: poverty, social, think tank, and the researchers are ◊ The think tank provides cooperative income, gender, age and ethnic inequality, aligned with the strategic objectives. and nurtured research environment, unemployment, access to education and ◊ The research is applied, innovative, recognition of all researchers as health services, regulatory environment, structural reforms. The mission of the institute is accomplished Macroeconomics: economic growth, through economic research, advice and investment, monetary, fiscal, foreign- trade and exchange-rate policy. reccomendations to the economic policies and Financial system: development of the steering critical debate about economic processes. banking, insurance, pension and the others financial sub-systems, risks assess- ment and the resistance to shocks of the financial system, regional and global oriented to the policies and high- professionals, and does not perform financial integration. -
'International Community' and the Limits of External Intervention
Issue 2 November 2016 SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE ‘International community’ and the limits of external intervention ZAGREB SARAJEVO BEOGRAD Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung Fostering democracy and upholding human rights, taking action to prevent the destruction of the global ecosystem, advancing equality between women and men, securing peace through conflict prevention in crisis zones, and defending the freedom of individuals against excessive state and economic power – these are the objectives that drive the ideas and actions of the Heinrich Böll Foundation. We maintain close ties to the German Green Party (Alliance 90/The Greens) and as a think tank for green visions and projects, we are part of an international net work encompassing well over 100 partner projects in approxi mately 60 countries. The Heinrich Böll Foundation works independently and nurtures a spirit of intellectual openness. We maintain a world wide network with currently 30 international offices. Our work in Bosnia and Herzegovina concentrates on the democratization process, political education, and environmental protection and sustainable development. We support and open public fora about topical and marginalized social-political issues and we enable networking of local and international actors close to the Green values. Contents 2 Introductory note Srđan Dvornik Aiding Democracy from Abroad 4 Talking the Talk and Walking the "Unlocked Path" Walk: EU, BiH and the Quality of Democracy Tijana Cvjetićanin 9 The Macedonian Political Crisis – EU Mechanisms Tested Malinka Ristevska Jordanova -
English and INTRODACTION
CHANGES AND CONTINUITY IN EVERYDAY LIFE IN ALBANIA, BULGARIA AND MACEDONIA 1945-2000 UNDERSTANDING A SHARED PAST LEARNING FOR THE FUTURE 1 This Teacher Resource Book has been published in the framework of the Stability Pact for South East Europe CONTENTS with financial support from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is available in Albanian, Bulgarian, English and INTRODACTION..............................................3 Macedonian language. POLITICAL LIFE...........................................17 CONSTITUTION.....................................................20 Title: Changes and Continuity in everyday life in Albania, ELECTIONS...........................................................39 Bulgaria and Macedonia POLITICAL PERSONS..............................................50 HUMAN RIGHTS....................................................65 Author’s team: Terms.................................................................91 ALBANIA: Chronology........................................................92 Adrian Papajani, Fatmiroshe Xhemali (coordinators), Agron Nishku, Bedri Kola, Liljana Guga, Marie Brozi. Biographies........................................................96 BULGARIA: Bibliography.......................................................98 Rumyana Kusheva, Milena Platnikova (coordinators), Teaching approches..........................................101 Bistra Stoimenova, Tatyana Tzvetkova,Violeta Stoycheva. ECONOMIC LIFE........................................103 MACEDONIA: CHANGES IN PROPERTY.......................................104 -
Revision of Western Palaearctic Species of the Oulema Melanopus Group, with Description of Two New Species from Europe (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Criocerinae)
ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Published 1.vi.2015 Volume 55(1), pp. 273–304 ISSN 0374-1036 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:597F0FC8-27B7-4A94-ABF4-EA245B6EF06E Revision of western Palaearctic species of the Oulema melanopus group, with description of two new species from Europe (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Criocerinae) Jan BEZDĚK1) & Andrés BASELGA2) 1) Mendel University, Department of Zoology, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2) Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Five species of the Oulema melanopus group are recognized in the western Palaearctic Region: O. melanopus (Linnaeus, 1758), O. rufocyanea (Suffrian, 1847), O. duftschmidi (Redtenbacher, 1874), O. mauroi sp. nov. (nor- thern Italy), and O. verae sp. nov. (Spain and Portugal). The two new species are described and illustrated. The nomenclature of the group is discussed in detail. Oulema rufocyanea is proved to be a validly described species different to O. duftschmidi. To fi x the nomenclatural stability of the whole group and avoid sub- sequent misintepretations, neotypes are designated for Crioceris melanopoda O. F. Müller, 1776; Crioceris hordei Geoffroy, 1785; and Lema cyanella var. atrata Waltl, 1835 (all conspecifi c with O. melanopus). The primary type specimens or their photographs were examined if they exist. The spelling Oulema melanopus is fi xed as correct and explained. Variation in the cytochrome c oxidase (cox1) gene across specimens of all the species has been analysed. All species in the group had extremely similar haplotypes, with interspecifi c sequence similarities between 90.5–99.5 %, compared to intraspecifi c sequence similarities between 91.6–100 %. -
Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Cities Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: JCIT-D-09-00144R1 Title: Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Article Type: City Profile Keywords: reurbanisation; urban regeneration; iconic buildings; suburbanisation; governance; Southeastern Europe Corresponding Author: Dr Stefan Bouzarovski, Corresponding Author's Institution: First Author: Stefan Bouzarovski Order of Authors: Stefan Bouzarovski Abstract: One of Europe's newest capital cities, Skopje occupies a unique geographical position at the intersection of several major transport corridors linking Central Europe with Asia Minor and the Eastern Mediterranean. It is a vibrant, dynamic and rapidly-transforming Balkan metropolis which has, surprisingly, received very little academic attention to date. This is despite the city's turbulent history, which has seen its complete destruction and rebirth over the course of several millennia. Current developments in Skopje reflect the consequences of the post-communist transition that has been underway since the fall of Communism in the early 1990s, as well as the legacies embedded in the decision-making behaviours and physical structures lingering from the city's rich historical past. They have led to the internal differentiation of different parts of the urban fabric, under the influence of processes of reurbanisation, densification, infill, upgrading and suburbanisation. But the city still lacks a coherent planning and policy framework to deal with these changes, partly as a result of the inadequacies of its idiosyncratic administrative organisation. Manuscript, References, Figure captions Click here to view linked References CITY PROFILE: SKOPJE, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA INTRODUCTION One would be hard-pressed to find another example of a European capital that is both as significant and thoroughly understudied as Skopje. -
15 May, 30 Villages Throughout the Country Theatre Performance For
9 April - 15 May, 30 villages throughout the country Theatre performance for children: “Let me tell you a secret about the environment” Children’s Theatre Centre, Skopje (Brvenica & Sedlarce, Mlado Nagorichane & Staro Nagorichane, Chegrane & Forino, Vasilevo & Dobreici, Vatasha & Sopot, Bistrica & Kravari, Gorno Orizari, Kochilari, Leskoec & Kosel, Mogorche & Dolno Kosovrasti, Konopnica & Mozhdivnjak, Negorci & Mrzenci, Orizari, Istibanje, Ratevo & Rusinovo, Veleshta & Dobovjan and Topolcani & Kanatlarci) 20 April - Friday, 11:00-13.00 EU InfoCentre, Skopje Launching Event of EU funded cartoons: “We love Europe” Business Solutions Europa 23 April - Monday, 10:30-11:30 EU InfoCentre Press Conference on the Europe Day celebration activities 25 April - Wednesday, 14:00-16:00 Aerodrom Municipality, Skopje Drawing competition: “Europe for all generations” European Movement, Aerodrom Municipality 27 April - Friday, 12:00-14:00 Kumanovo Municipality Panel discussion: “European integration from the economic and security perspective” European Movement 30 April - Monday, Secondary schools throughout the country Open classrooms for older generations Ministry of Education and Science 30 April - Monday, Secondary schools throughout the country Essay Competition: “Why is it cool to be old?” Ministry of Education and Science 30 April - Monday, 12:00-14:00 Bitola Municipality Panel discussion: “European integration from the local perspective” European Movement 4 May - Friday, 09:30-15:00 ”Sv. Kiril i Metodij” University, Skopje Gathering of universities