DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS of the MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 & NDSP4

Publication: NDSP4/001/10/2018

No 8, Barrister Obinna Okwara Crescent/Plot 37 Chief Executive Quarters, Opposite Ahiajoku Convention Centre. Area B, New Owerri, Imo State.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BACKGROUND 4 ABBREVIATIONS 5 INTRODUCTION 7 SCOPE OF THE ASSIGNMENT 10 ACTIVITIES / EXPECTED OUTPUT 10 METHODOLOGY 10 SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF PICTURES AND VISIBILITY MATERIAL COVERING 11 THE EU MICRO PROJECTS PROGRAMME (MPP)

SUMMARY OF THE PROGRAMMES 16 •THE MPP 3 16 •ROLES PLAYED BY CSOS IN THE MPP 3 16 •THE MPP 6 17 •THE MPP 9 18 •MPP 9 ADDITIONAL SERVICES 18 •NDSP4 18 TOTAL MPPS FROM MPP 3 TO MPP 9 BY PROJECT TYPE / LOCATION AND CURRENT UTILIZATION STATUS OF THE MPPS 20 UTILIZATION STATUS OF THE MICRO PROJECT PROGRAMMES 46 DOCUMENTARY SCRIPT ON THE BENEFITS AND ISSUES FROM THE MPP IN THE 47 NIGER DELTA

CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS 53 FINDINGS AND OBSERVATIONS 53 RECOMMENDATIONS 55 APPENDIX 1. A: SOURCES OF INFORMATION 56 1. B: LITERATURE AND DOCUMENTS CONSULTED 57 APPENDIX 2: TERMS OF REFERENCE 58

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 3 BACKGROUND

The NDSP Component 4 Assignment gives an appraisal of the former Micro Project Program in the Nine Niger Delta states. The assignment enumerates the projects done in all nine states and also evaluates the utilization status of the past and recently completed projects.

4 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 ABBREVIATIONS

CSO Civil Society Organizations

EC European Commission

EDF European Union Development Fund

EU European Union

EUD European Union Delegation

EDF European Development Fund

FA Financial Agreement

FEM Final Evaluation of Micro Project Programmes in Niger Delta.

LGAs Local Government Areas

MPP Micro Project Programme

MTR Mid Term Report

NDSP4 Niger Delta Support Programme Component 4

TOR Terms of Reference

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 5 FOREWORD

The NDSP4 Publication series is an attempt to bring some of our key reports and consultancy reports to our stakeholders and a wider audience.

The overall objective of the Niger Delta Support Programme (NDSP) is to mitigate the conflict in the Niger Delta by addressing the main causes of the unrest and violence: bad governance, (youth) unemployment, poor delivery of basic services. A key focus of the programme will be to contribute to poverty alleviation through the development and support given to local community development initiatives.

The NDSP4 aims to support institutional reforms and capacity building, resulting in Local Gov- ernment and State Authorities increasingly providing infrastructural services, income generating options, sustainable livelihoods development, gender equity and community empowerment. This will be achieved through offering models of transparency and participation as well as the involvement of Local Governments in funding Micro projects to enhance impact and sustainability. Specifically, over 800 community projects are expected be implemented as part of the EU support to community development in the Niger Delta.

By the end of September 2018, some 337 out of the 800 micro-projects had been completed and accepted.

In addition, under the NDSP4 Service Contract, 762 uncompleted projects were taken up under an addendum to the contract and successfully completed 734 by the end of 2017; the remaining 28 were carried over to NDSP4 Works contract-2.

Kingsley Fossu Team Leader – NDSP4

6 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 INTRODUCTION

The European Union Micro Project Programme (MPP) in the Niger Delta commenced in 2001, and within 17 (seventeen) years, it has initiated and executed well over 4,000 (four thousand) projects.. According to the Final Evaluation Report of the MPP3 (2007), the major objective of these Micro Project Programmes has been to improve the living standards of the poor communities in the nine Niger Delta states on a sustainable basis. This includes the reduction of poverty, communal tension & crisis resolution, reduction in gender discrimination and economic empowerment of the indigent communities. The programmes tried to meet basic rural needs through the provision of water supply and sanitation, support to income-generation activities, micro-credit provision for local enterprises, delivery of agriculture, education and healthcare services.

The Niger Delta region was the focus of the Micro Project Programme (MPP) because of the high rate of poverty in the states that constitute the region. About 70 percent of the people living in these states, especially in the rural areas, depend on the natural environment as a source of their livelihood. However, as a result of the oil spills, gas flaring and other forms of extractives related environmental degradation, their region suffers great pollution which has affected their means of livelihood. This has led to such serious issues like unemployment, high rates of crime and violence, particularly amongst the youths. In a bid to contribute to the mitigation of these challenges, the European Union is funding and supporting the design and implementation of the Micro Project Programme (MPP).

The Programmes were implemented in phases using different modes of operation which will be highlighted subsequently. The first phase started with MPP 3 programme in 2002. The programme was implemented in three Niger Delta states: Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers States, respec- tively. The next phase which had an overlap with the MPP3 project was the MPP6. While the MPP3 was still ongoing, the MPP6 started in 2004 with implementation in Abia, Akwa-Ibom, Cross-river, Edo, Imo and Ondo States. The third phase of the project, the MPP9, commenced in 2009. The MPP9 covered the nine Niger Delta states which comprises of all the states covered by the former MPP3 and MPP6. However, the MPP9 was discontinued as a result of some technical issues arising from the management of the programme. This discontinuity birthed the MPP9 additional services programme which was completed in 2016 and, subsequently,

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 7 the NDSP4 which is on-going.

According to the NDSP4 TOR, the primary objective of the Niger Delta Support Programme (NDSP) is to mitigate the conflict in the Niger Delta region by addressing the main causes of unrest and violence, which is bad governance, (youth) unemployment and poor delivery of basic services. Specifically, the programme contributes seeks to poverty alleviation through the development and support given to local community development initiatives. The purpose of NDSP Component 4 and this Technical Assistance Project is to support the initiative of local communities towards development and conflict resolution and poverty alleviation.

The means for delivering the set objectives: On the institutional/governance component: This engagement will support institutional reforms and capacity building, resulting in Local Government and State Authorities increasingly providing infrastructural services, income generating options, sustainable livelihoods development, gender equity and community empowerment.

And on the infrastructural component : This will be achieved through offering models of transparency and participation as well as the involvement of Local Governments in funding Micro projects to enhance impact and sustainability. Specifically, over 800 community projects will be implemented as part of the EU support to community development in the Niger Delta region until the end of 2017.

A requirement of the NDSP4 TOR is to: •Design a sustainability strategy and collaborate with LGAs and NGOs/CBOs at the community level for monitoring and maintenance of micro-projects constructed under previous programmes (MPP9, MPP6 and MPP3). Based on the foregoing, this assignment tries to create a documentation of the former MPPs. It focuses on producing an outline documentary script on the previous Micro Project Pro- grams in the nine Niger Delta states,It also tries to draw out pertinent information on these MPPs while also generating a simple table on total MPs from MPP3 to MPP9 by project type/ location and current utilization status.

The objectives of the Documentary Analysis for MPP3/MPP6/MPP9/NDSP4 therefore, would be:

8 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 • To produce a systematic catalogue of pictures and visibility materials covering the EU Micro Projects Programme [ MPP] • To produce an outline documentary script on the benefits and issues from the MPP in the Niger Delta region. • To draw out lessons and pertinent information data and other salient issues for dissem- ination to stakeholders at a later date.

The core Niger Delta region comprises the present Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers States of Nigeria. But in recent years, the definition of the region has taken a political dimension such that the region is now made up of nine states of Southern Nigeria viz Abia, Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo and Rivers (UNDP, 2006 : 19) cited in Ebipre, Eniekezimene, Edem and Ariye (2015). Find below a list of the nine Niger Delta states and their estimated popula- tions:

List of Niger Delta states: S/No Name of State 2006 population 2009 estimated (millions) Population (millions)

1. Abia 2.83 3.08 2. Akwa Ibom 3.92 4.27 3. Bayelsa 1.73 1.88 4. Cross River 2.88 3.14 5. Delta 4.10 4.47 6. Edo 6.20 3.49 7. Imo 3.90 4.25 8. Ondo 3.44 3.75 9. Rivers 5.20 5.67 Total 31.20 34.00 Source: Official Gazette (FGP 71/52007/2,500 (Ol24) cited in the Investment Guide in the Niger Delta Region.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 9 SCOPE OF THE ASSIGNMENT: This assignment is essentially a review of projects that were implemented in nine (9) Niger Delta States, namely: Abia, Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross-River, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo and Rivers States as part of the EU funded Micro Project Programmes (MPP).

The assignment examines the projects in the beneficiary states, LGAs and communities; out- lines the type of Micro Project Programmes delivered, and reports on the utilization status of these projects. It also presents findings and observations made in carrying out the assignment.

ACTIVITIES/ EXPECTED OUTPUT The of this assignment was to review the catalogue of photographs generated from the MPP9 Additional Services and the NDSP4 programme as they relate to Micro -projects that have been completed or, that are still under construction. This assignment is in 2 parts: a PREPARA- TORY Part, outlined in the TOR and a field PHOTOGRAPHY / VIDEO Component.

METHODOLOGY: The methodology employed included: • The assignment was carried out in two phases between November 2017 and April 2018. The first phase was essentially reading through documents and critically studying the pictures provided by the NDSP4 headquarters in Owerri. All of these are referenced in this document. It is important to add that during this period, the consultant also inter- viewed some stakeholders and beneficiaries of the Micro-Project Programme. Lists of the people contacted are contained in Appendix 1.A. • There was an indepth review of all internally generated materials available at the NDSP4 headquarters. Relevant information was drawn from available reports, documents, com- pendiums, financial reports etc. This was complemented by other helpful information- obtained through internet searches and those provided by the staff at the headquarters. • Semi-structured interviews were conducted primarily through phone and by face to face conversations with some of the previous Team Leaders of the MPP3, MPP6 and MPP9 projects. • This assignment also necessitated: Visits to MPP3, MPP6, MPP 9 and MPP 9 additional Services sites conducted in Delta and Imo States to confirm project locations and ascertain their utilization status.

10 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 • Further meetings were held with the NDSP4 team in Owerri, Imo State. • The second phase was the writing phase, and this involved the consultant developed the assignment. Some of the information obtained were not complete. Form fence, some of the pictures were not properly labeled, the locations, utilization status and detailed information on projects carried out in the MPP3 was not provided. This could only be a result of poor programme documentation. Thus the consultant could only rely on the information made available for this exercise.

SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF PICTURES AND VISIBILITY MATERIAL COVERING THE EU MICRO PROJECTS PROGRAMME [ MPP]

The catalogue contains pictures of some of the projects carried out under the different Micro Project Programmes.

The MPP3 and MPP6 had a wider option of the project types to select from, while the MPP9 and NDSP4 have lesser project types to select from.

In summary, the MPP project types include: • Water supply/ solar powered water supply. • Primary Healthcare Centers. • School blocks/ Renovations/ Examination halls/ Head Masters or Mistresses Offices. • Solar computer rooms. • Civic centers. • Agro processing mills / Cassava mills/ Palm oil mills. • Market blocks (Locked up or open) • Capacity building programmes

Presented below photographed made available to the consultant. They do not cover all the project typologies as a result of poor documentation, it however shows a representation of the projects carried out under the different Micro Project Programmes.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 11 Construction of Borehole, MPP3 at Ika South LGA, Delta State. Currently in use and maintained by the community.

Mpp3 Project In Comprehensive High School Igbodo, Ika North LGA, Delta State. Currently in use.

12 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 Mpp6 Emii Market Project ( Closed Market stall) in Imo state. The market stall is currently in use by the members of the community.

Mpp6 at Emii Market Project ( Closed Market stall) in Imo state. The market stall is currently in use.

MPP9

Completed MPP9 school block at Emii, Owerri North LGA, currently in use.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 13 MPP9 Oil Processing Mill in Ogbujioma, Mbaitoli LGA, Imo State.

MPP9 ADDITIONAL SERVICES

Completed block of classrooms, MPP9 Additional Services in Umutanze Imo state.

14 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 NDSP COMPONENT 4

NDSP Component 4 Oil Mill in Ideato South LGA, Imo state.

Water borehole project in Itohono-ama, MPP 9 Additional services in Ndokwa East LGA IN Delta State.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 15 SUMMARY OF THE PROGRAMMES

MPP3 The MPP3 was implemented from 2001 to 2006 in Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers States which are the core Niger Delta States. According the Final Evaluation Report (2007) developed by the Final Evaluation Mission (FEM), the MPP3 was aimed at responding to the felt needs of the people in the listed states. The funding structure for the programme had the European Union contributing 90% of the required fund, while 10% was by by way of contributions in- kind made by the communities by providing land, unskilled labor, sand and security for the projects. The total contribution was split as follows: €21,000,000 from the EUD, €5,200,000 by the communities and €800,000by Partner organizations. The first three quarters of the EDF was reserved for providing basic needs such as water supply, health care services and transportation; while the other quarter was set aside for income generation, credit schemes, information center and education.

The MPP 3 seemed not to have any Local Government involvement. Rather there was a more participatory approach, whereby the communities were deeply involved in the construction process. The communities provided 10% of funding in kind which covered the provision of the land for the projects, clearing of site, provision of sand and other unskilled labor. The Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) also played a very fundamental role in the MPP3.

ROLES PLAYED BY CSOS IN THE MPP3: The different roles played by the Civil Society Organizations in course of the MPP3 Programme include the following: a. Identification of marginalized groups in the different communities through baseline studies. b. Sensitization of member of the different communities on the EU- MPP3 programme c. Implementation of relevant aspects of the programme, including recruiting contractors and handy men for the construction process.

The Final Evaluation Report (2007) concluded that the MPP3 programme was relevant to the felt needs of the people. However, some of the projects were not well utilized thereafter. The

16 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 typical examples are the town halls that were goosy under-utilized. In addition to this, halls were not used for the purpose they were built. Rather, they converted the halls to a resource center where school children could spend time studying or preparing for examinations. It was observed further that the objectives of the MPP3 programme were in line with the initiative of the federal Government of Nigeria initiative on poverty alleviation. The MPP3 focused more on infrastructural development than economic empowerment which could have ena- bled sustainable increase in employment, income generation and improvement of the stand- ard of living in the Niger Delta. Furthermore, FEM (2007) noted that there were some issues that the programme took for granted. These regions include the fluctuation of market prices for goods like building materials etc, which affected programme budgeting and execution. Another issue not put into consideration was the high cost of transportation to the riverine areas. One other major finding of the FEM (2007) was that religion and culture were responsible for the observable poor gender relations. However, it was observed that there was an increase in gender awareness and women participation. Youth leaders were also trained to become project management leaders. Although gender mainstreaming and youth involvement was not the focus of the MPP3, it had a positive impact on the programme as women and Youths were seen to be involved in discussing the project and to some extent there was shared re- sponsibilities in the implementation process.

The Monitoring and Evaluation indicators measuring change were not developed and as such determining the impact or utilization status or the location of the projects was difficult. Ebipre, Eniekezimene,Edem and Ariye (2015), reiterated the impact of the MPP3 projects in Bayelsa State. According to them, it was discovered that the MPP3 programme in Bayelsa State impacted on the lives of the people with the provision of socio economic infrastructures, employment opportunities, and income generation. Just as this has significantly re- duced poverty.

The MPP6 The MPP6 is a continuation of the MPP3 project. It covered the remaining six Niger Delta States not covered by the MPP3. The relevant states are Abia, Akwa Ibom, CrossRiver, Edo, Imo and Ondo States. Just like its sister programme MPP3, the overall objectiveof MPP6 was to help the poor population in the Niger Delta region. The European Union Development Fund (EDF) budgeted the sum of €42,000,000 for projects in these six states.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 17 The MPP6 started in 2003 while the MPP3 was still going on, and ended in 2008. The project was executed in different phases comprising of different and broader project typologies. It was noted that like the MPP3, the MPP6 had a lot of community involvement in the execution of its projects. However, this administration method was discontinued because of issues of cave of transparency. The buildings for instance had different outlooks in different states (the structures were different because different communities chose the design they prefered).

MPP9 The MPP 9, like the other projects, was also designed to reduce poverty in the rural and peri-urban areas of the nine Niger Delta States. However, unlike the other projects, the MPP9 covered a larger scope, including all of the states covered by both the MPP 3 and MPP6. The MPP9 started out in April 2009 with a budget of €71.5 million. The total commitment for the EDF was €45.5 million and the LGA contribution was €13,500,000, while the respective communities contributed €12, 500, 000.

According to the MPP9 Final Report (2010), the MPP9 project excluded local involvement as it was carried out by contractors and not the NGOs/CSOs and the communities as was the case with MPP3 and MPP6. The MPP9 was however short lived. The project which was originally intended to be implemented with a period of four years lasted only for a year and a few months. From interviews conducted, this early termination was a result of improper planning and a change in method of operation.

MPP9 ADDITIONAL SERVICES The end of the MPP9 project birthed the MPP9 Additional Services which took care of the scope of work that was originally supposed to be covered by the MPP9. The team of profes- sionals handling the NDSP4 programme in the nine Niger Delta States handled this. However, measuring the success of this project has proven a little difficult as it was not possible to ob- tain information on the utilization status of the facilities.

NDSP4 The Niger Delta Support Programme Component 4 is a continuation of the MPP9. The objective of the NDSP4 as detailed in the Terms of Reference is to mitigate the conflict in the Niger Delta by addressing the main causes of the unrest and violence: bad governance, (youth) unemployment, and poor delivery of basic services. Specifically, the programme will contrib-

18 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 ute to poverty alleviation through the development and support given to local community development initiatives. It also set out to increase equitable access to basic infrastructures, services and coverage of communities not served under the MPP9. The total commitment for the NDSP4 is €70, 9O5,000.00. While the European Union gave €45,000,000, the LGAs contributed €25,905,000. The NDSP4 is intended to implement approx- imately 800projects in the nine Niger Delta states.

The NDSP4, is currently going on, and makes use of contractors and consultants just like the MPP9. This project has successfully covered the scope of the former MPP9 under the name MPP9 Additional Services. Like MPP9, it has Local Government involvement. The Local Gov- ernment Authorities are responsible for Primary Health-care and Primary education. They are also involved in water and sanitation, which is a shared responsibility across the three tiers of government, the Federal, the State and the Local Government. As a result of these shared responsibility which unfortunately is also not clearly defined, there are tendencies and opportunities for corruption and misappropriation of funds. The NDSP4 in this respect, provides support to government reforms and socio-economic development through the implementation of its various components. However, the project aim to work with a limited number of reform minded LGAs.

The following are the key results expected under the programme as stated in the NDSP4 Terms of Reference; Result 1 Strengthened Community Governance through adoption of Community Develop- ment Action Plans by Communities and Government authorities as well as improved social cohesion among village communities especially where none existed Result 2 Increased equitable access to basic infrastructure services and coverage of communities not served under MPP9 Result 3 Increased equitable access to income generating options and sustainable livelihood development for women and men Result 4: Improved social cohesion among village communities.

The indirect expected result will be improved living conditions of the population in both urban and rural areas. This is expected to lead to less conflict and violence in the Niger Delta region.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 19 Financial summary of the MPP in the Niger Delta: These are presented hereunder:

TOTAL MPPS FROM MPP3 TO MPP9 BY PROJECT TYPE/LOCATION AND CURRENT UTILIZATION STATUS OF THE MPPS.

STATE LGA PROJECT TYPE OF PROJECT NUM- PHASE BER OF PRO- JECT ABIA Aba South MPP9 Education 2 ABIA Aba South MPP9 Income generation 4 ABIA Aba South MPP9 Agriculture 1 ABIA Aba South MPP6 Civic Centres 1 ABIA Aba North MPP6 Education 1 ABIA Arochukwu MPP9 Education 1 ABIA Arochukwu MPP9 Civic Centres 3

20 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 ABIA Arochukwu MPP9 Health 3 ABIA Arochukwu MPP6 Education 9 ABIA Arochukwu MPP6 Civic Centres 1 ABIA Arochukwu MPP6 Income generation 1 ABIA Arochukwu MPP6 Health 8 ABIA Bende MPP9 Education 1 ABIA Bende MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 ABIA Bende MPP9 Income generation 2 ABIA Bende MPP9 Agriculture 7 ABIA Bende MPP6 Education 7 ABIA Bende MPP6 Civic Centres 5 ABIA Bende MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 ABIA Bende MPP6 Income generation 7 ABIA Bende MPP6 Health 9 ABIA Ikwuano MPP6 Health 2 ABIA Ikwuano MPP6 Income generation 1 ABIA Ikwuano MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 9 ABIA Ikwuano MPP6 Education 8 ABIA Ikwuano MPP9 Education 1 ABIA Ikwuano MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 ABIA Ikwuano MPP9 Health 3 ABIA Ikwuano MPP9 Agriculture 1 ABIA Isiala Ngwa MPP9 Agriculture 3 North ABIA Isiala Ngwa MPP9 Health 4 North ABIA Isiala Ngwa MPP9 Civic Centres 1 North ABIA Isiala Ngwa MPP6 Education 4 North ABIA Isiala Ngwa MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 8 North ABIA Isiala Ngwa MPP6 Income generation 1 North ABIA Isiala Ngwa MPP6 Health 10 North

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 21 ABIA Isiala Ngwa MPP6 Education 4 South ABIA Isiala Ngwa MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 6 South ABIA Isiala Ngwa MPP6 Income generation 3 South ABIA Isiala Ngwa MPP6 Health 5 South ABIA Isiukwuato MPP9 Education 2 ABIA Isiukwuato MPP9 Civic Centres 1 ABIA Isiukwuato MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 ABIA Isiukwuato MPP9 Health 2 ABIA Isiukwuato MPP9 Income generation 2 ABIA Isiukwuato MPP6 Education 4 ABIA Isiukwuato MPP6 Civic Centres 4 ABIA Isiukwuato MPP6 Transport 1 ABIA Isiukwuato MPP6 Income generation 2 ABIA Isiukwuato MPP6 Health 16 ABIA Obingwa MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 ABIA Obingwa MPP9 Income generation 1 ABIA Obingwa MPP6 Education 7 ABIA Obingwa MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 6 ABIA Obingwa MPP6 Income generation 4 ABIA Obingwa MPP6 Health 5 ABIA Ohafia MPP9 Education 4 ABIA Ohafia MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 ABIA Ohafia MPP9 Health 1 ABIA Ohafia MPP6 Education 8 ABIA Ohafia MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 5 ABIA Ohafia MPP6 Transport 1 ABIA Ohafia MPP6 Income generation 5 ABIA Ohafia MPP6 Health 6 ABIA Ukwa East MPP9 Health 1 ABIA Ukwa East MPP6 Education 4 ABIA Ukwa East MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 6 ABIA Ukwa East MPP6 Income generation 4

22 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 ABIA Ukwa East MPP6 Health 9 ABIA Ukwa West MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 7 ABIA Ukwa West MPP6 Income generation 5 ABIA Ukwa West MPP6 Health 8 ABIA Ukwa West MPP9 Health 1 ABIA Ukwa West MPP9 Education 1 ABIA Umuahia North MPP9 Civic Centres 2 ABIA Umuahia North MPP9 Income generation 3 ABIA Umuahia South MPP6 Education 7 ABIA Umuahia North MPP6 Civic Centres 5 ABIA Umuahia North MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 10 ABIA Umuahia North MPP6 Transport 2 ABIA Umuahia North MPP6 Income generation 3 ABIA Umuahia North MPP6 Health 6 ABIA Umuahia South MPP9 Education 1 ABIA Umuahia South MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 5 ABIA Umuahia South MPP6 Agriculture 2 ABIA Umuahia South MPP6 Education 5 ABIA Umuahia South MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 13 ABIA Umuahia South MPP6 Transport 1 ABIA Umuahia South MPP6 Income generation 3 ABIA Umunneochi MPP6 Agriculture 2 ABIA Umunneochi MPP9 Education 2 ABIA Umunneochi MPP9 Civic Centres 2 ABIA Umunneochi MPP9 Income generation 1 ABIA Umunneochi MPP6 Education 4 ABIA Umunneochi MPP6 Income generation 2 ABIA Umunneochi MPP6 Health 6

AKWA-IBOM Abak MPP9 Health 1 AKWA-IBOM Abak MPP9 Income generation 1 AKWA-IBOM Eket MPP9 Education 1 AKWA-IBOM Eket MPP9 Health 1 AKWA-IBOM Eket MPP9 Income generation 1 AKWA-IBOM Esit-Eket MPP9 Education 1 AKWA-IBOM Esit-Eket MPP9 Health 1

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 23 AKWA-IBOM Essien Udim MPP9 Income generation 1 AKWA-IBOM Essien Udim MPP9 Agriculture 1 AKWA-IBOM Etim-Ekpo MPP9 Health 3 AKWA-IBOM Etinan MPP9 Civic Centres 1 AKWA-IBOM Etinan MPP9 Agriculture 1 AKWA-IBOM Ibeno MPP9 Education 1 AKWA-IBOM Ibeno MPP9 Health 1 AKWA-IBOM Ibesikpo-Asutan MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 AKWA-IBOM Ibesikpo-Asutan MPP9 Health 1 AKWA-IBOM Ibiono-Ibom MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 AKWA-IBOM Ibiono-Ibom MPP9 Agriculture 1 AKWA-IBOM Ika MPP9 Civic Centres 1 AKWA-IBOM Ika MPP9 Income generation 1 AKWA-IBOM Ikono MPP9 Education 2 AKWA-IBOM Ikono MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 AKWA-IBOM Ikot Abasi MPP9 Health 2 AKWA-IBOM Ikot Ekpene MPP9 Health 1 AKWA-IBOM Ini MPP9 Health 2 AKWA-IBOM Itu MPP9 Education 1 AKWA-IBOM Itu MPP9 Agriculture 1 AKWA-IBOM Mkpat-Enin MPP9 Education 1 AKWA-IBOM Mkpat-Enin MPP9 Health 1 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Atai MPP9 Income generation 2 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Ibom MPP9 Education 1 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Ibom MPP9 Health 1 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Ibom MPP9 Agriculture 1 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Ubium MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Ubium MPP9 Agriculture 1 AKWA-IBOM Obot-Akara MPP9 Civic Centres 1 AKWA-IBOM Okobo MPP9 Education 2 AKWA-IBOM Onna MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 AKWA-IBOM Onna MPP9 Health 1 AKWA-IBOM Oruk Anam MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 AKWA-IBOM Oruk Anam MPP9 Health 1 AKWA-IBOM Ukanafun MPP9 Education 1 AKWA-IBOM Ukanafun MPP9 Income generation 1

24 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 AKWA-IBOM Uruan MPP9 Education 1 AKWA-IBOM Urue-Offong/ MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Oruko AKWA-IBOM Urue-Offong/ MPP9 Agriculture 1 Oruko AKWA-IBOM Abak MPP6 Education 4 AKWA-IBOM Abak MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 AKWA-IBOM Abak MPP6 Income generation 2 AKWA-IBOM Abak MPP6 Health 2 AKWA-IBOM Eastern Obolo MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 AKWA-IBOM Eket MPP6 Education 3 AKWA-IBOM Eket MPP6 Income generation 1 AKWA-IBOM Eket MPP6 Health 3 AKWA-IBOM Esit-Eket MPP6 Education 1 AKWA-IBOM Esit-Eket MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 AKWA-IBOM Essien Udim MPP6 Education 2 AKWA-IBOM Essien Udim MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 AKWA-IBOM Essien Udim MPP6 Income generation 3 AKWA-IBOM Etim-Ekpo MPP6 Education 3 AKWA-IBOM Etim-Ekpo MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 AKWA-IBOM Etim-Ekpo MPP6 Income generation 4 AKWA-IBOM Etinan MPP6 Education 5 AKWA-IBOM Etinan MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 AKWA-IBOM Etinan MPP6 Transport 3 AKWA-IBOM Etinan MPP6 Income generation 6 AKWA-IBOM Etinan MPP6 Health 8 AKWA-IBOM Ibeno MPP6 Income generation 1 AKWA-IBOM Ibesikpo- MPP6 Education 2 Asutan AKWA-IBOM Ibesikpo- MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Asutan AKWA-IBOM Ibesikpo- MPP6 Income generation 3 Asutan AKWA-IBOM Ibesikpo- MPP6 Health 2 Asutan AKWA-IBOM Ibiono-Ibom MPP6 Education 2

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 25 AKWA-IBOM Ibiono-Ibom MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 AKWA-IBOM Ibiono-Ibom MPP6 Income generation 3 AKWA-IBOM Ibiono-Ibom MPP6 Health 3 AKWA-IBOM Ika MPP6 Education 1 AKWA-IBOM Ika MPP6 Health 3 AKWA-IBOM Ikono MPP6 Education 10 AKWA-IBOM Ikono MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 5 AKWA-IBOM Ikono MPP6 Income generation 5 AKWA-IBOM Ikot Abasi MPP6 Education 5 AKWA-IBOM Ikot Abasi MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 AKWA-IBOM Ikot Abasi MPP6 Income generation 2 AKWA-IBOM Ikot Abasi MPP6 Health 6 AKWA-IBOM Ikot Ekpene MPP6 Education 2 AKWA-IBOM Ikot Ekpene MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 AKWA-IBOM Ikot Ekpene MPP6 Income generation 5 AKWA-IBOM Ini MPP6 Education 4 AKWA-IBOM Ini MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 AKWA-IBOM Ini MPP6 Income generation 4 AKWA-IBOM Ini MPP6 Health 3 AKWA-IBOM Itu MPP6 Education 3 AKWA-IBOM Itu MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 AKWA-IBOM Itu MPP6 Transport 2 AKWA-IBOM Itu MPP6 Income generation 2 AKWA-IBOM Mbo MPP6 Education 2 AKWA-IBOM Mbo MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 AKWA-IBOM Mbo MPP6 Income generation 4 AKWA-IBOM Mbo MPP6 Health 2 AKWA-IBOM Mkpat-Enin MPP6 Education 6 AKWA-IBOM Mkpat-Enin MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 AKWA-IBOM Mkpat-Enin MPP6 Income generation 1 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Atai MPP6 Education 1 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Atai MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Atai MPP6 Income generation 2 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Ibom MPP6 Education 4 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Ibom MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Ibom MPP6 Income generation 2

26 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Ubium MPP6 Education 2 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Ubium MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 AKWA-IBOM Nsit-Ubium MPP6 Income generation 2 AKWA-IBOM Obot-Akara MPP6 Education 2 AKWA-IBOM Obot-Akara MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 AKWA-IBOM Obot-Akara MPP6 Income generation 3 AKWA-IBOM Obot-Akara MPP6 Health 5 AKWA-IBOM Okobo MPP6 Education 6 AKWA-IBOM Okobo MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 AKWA-IBOM Okobo MPP6 Income generation 4 AKWA-IBOM Okobo MPP6 Health 1 AKWA-IBOM Onna MPP6 Education 5 AKWA-IBOM Onna MPP6 Income generation 2 AKWA-IBOM Oron MPP6 Education 2 AKWA-IBOM Oron MPP6 Education 2 AKWA-IBOM Oron MPP6 Income generation 2 AKWA-IBOM Oron MPP6 Health 2 AKWA-IBOM Oruk Anam MPP6 Education 3 AKWA-IBOM Oruk Anam MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 AKWA-IBOM Oruk Anam MPP6 Income generation 6 AKWA-IBOM Udung-Uko MPP6 Education 3 AKWA-IBOM Udung-Uko MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 AKWA-IBOM Udung-Uko MPP6 Health 1 AKWA-IBOM Ukanafun MPP6 Education 3 AKWA-IBOM Ukanafun MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 AKWA-IBOM Uruan MPP6 Education 8 AKWA-IBOM Uruan MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 5 AKWA-IBOM Uruan MPP6 Transport 1 AKWA-IBOM Uruan MPP6 Income generation 4 AKWA-IBOM Urue-Offong/ MPP6 Education 3 Oruko AKWA-IBOM Urue-Offong/ MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Oruko AKWA-IBOM Urue-Offong/ MPP6 Income generation 5 Oruko

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 27 AKWA-IBOM Urue-Offong/ MPP6 Health 6 Oruko AKWA-IBOM Uyo MPP6 Education 3 AKWA-IBOM Uyo MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 AKWA-IBOM Uyo MPP6 Income generation 5 AKWA-IBOM Uyo MPP6 Health 2

Bayelsa Brass MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 6 Bayelsa Brass MPP9 Health 2 Bayelsa Brass MPP9 Income generation 1 Bayelsa Ekeremor MPP9 Education 3 Bayelsa Ekeremor MPP9 Civic Centres 2 Bayelsa Ekeremor MPP9 Health 4 Bayelsa Ekeremor MPP9 Agriculture 1 Bayelsa Kolokuma MPP9 Education 1 Bayelsa Kolokuma MPP9 Civic Centres 3 Bayelsa Kolokuma MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Bayelsa Kolokuma MPP9 Health 3 Bayelsa Kolokuma MPP9 Income generation 1 Bayelsa Kolokuma MPP9 Agriculture 1 Bayelsa Nembe MPP9 Civic Centres 2 Bayelsa Nembe MPP9 Income generation 1 Bayelsa Ogbia MPP9 Education 4 Bayelsa Ogbia MPP9 Civic Centres 3 Bayelsa Ogbia MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Bayelsa Ogbia MPP9 Health 1 Bayelsa Ogbia MPP9 Income generation 2 Bayelsa Ogbia MPP9 Agriculture 1 Bayelsa Sagbama MPP9 Education 3 Bayelsa Sagbama MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Bayelsa Sagbama MPP9 Health 8 Bayelsa Sagbama MPP9 Agriculture 1 Bayelsa Southern Ijaw MPP9 Education 3 Bayelsa Southern Ijaw MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Bayelsa Southern Ijaw MPP9 Health 2 Bayelsa Yenegoa MPP9 Education 4

28 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 Bayelsa Yenegoa MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 Bayelsa Yenegoa MPP9 Income generation 1 Bayelsa Brass MPP3 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Bayelsa Kolokuma MPP3 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Bayelsa Ogbia MPP3 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Bayelsa Ogbia MPP3 Health 1 Bayelsa Sagbama MPP3 Education 6 Bayelsa Sagbama MPP3 Health 2 Bayelsa Southern Ijaw MPP3 Education 1 Bayelsa Southern Ijaw MPP3 Transport 2 Bayelsa Yenegoa MPP3 Education 5 Bayelsa Yenegoa MPP3 Civic Centres 2

Cross river Abi MPP9 Education 2 Cross river Abi MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Cross river Abi MPP9 Income generation 1 Cross river Akamkpa MPP9 Education 1 Cross river Akamkpa MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Cross river Akamkpa MPP9 Income generation 1 Cross river Akpabuyo MPP9 Education 3 Cross river Akpabuyo MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Cross river Bekwarra MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Cross river Bekwarra MPP9 Health 1 Cross river Biase MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Cross river Biase MPP9 Agriculture 2 Cross river Boki MPP9 Education 2 Cross river Boki MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Cross river Boki MPP9 Health 1 Cross river Calabar South MPP9 Health 1 Cross river Etung MPP9 Education 19 Cross river Etung MPP9 Civic Centres 3 Cross river Etung MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 25 Cross river Etung MPP9 Health 9 Cross river Etung MPP9 Income generation 17 Cross river Etung MPP9 Agriculture 16 Cross river Ikom MPP9 Education 2

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 29 Cross river Ikom MPP9 Health 1 Cross river Ikom MPP9 Income generation 1 Cross river Obanliku MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Cross river Obanliku MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Cross river Obanliku MPP9 Health 1 Cross river Obanliku MPP9 Income generation 1 Cross river Obubra MPP9 Education 2 Cross river Obubra MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Cross river Obudu MPP9 Education 2 Cross river Obudu MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Cross river Obudu MPP9 Health 2 Cross river Odukpani MPP9 Education 1 Cross river Odukpani MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Cross river Odukpani MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Cross river Odukpani MPP9 Health 1 Cross river Ogoja MPP9 Education 1 Cross river Ogoja MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Cross river Yakuur MPP9 Education 2 Cross river Yakuur MPP9 Health 1 Cross river Yakuur MPP9 Income generation 1 Cross river Yala MPP9 Education 1 Cross river Yala MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Cross river Yala MPP9 Health 1 Cross river Abi MPP6 Education 3 Cross river Abi MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 5 Cross river Abi MPP6 Income generation 2 Cross river Akamkpa MPP6 Education 7 Cross river Akamkpa MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Cross river Akamkpa MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Cross river Akamkpa MPP6 Transport 7 Cross river Akamkpa MPP6 Income generation 2 Cross river Akpabuyo MPP6 Education 11 Cross river Akpabuyo MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Cross river Akpabuyo MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 6 Cross river Akpabuyo MPP6 Transport 2 Cross river Akpabuyo MPP6 Income generation 1

30 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 Cross river Akpabuyo MPP6 Health 2 Cross river Bakassi MPP6 Education 1 Cross river Bakassi MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Cross river Bakassi MPP6 Health 2 Cross river Bekwarra MPP6 Education 6 Cross river Bekwarra MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Cross river Bekwarra MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Cross river Bekwarra MPP6 Transport 1 Cross river Bekwarra MPP6 Health 6 Cross river Biase MPP6 Education 10 Cross river Biase MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Cross river Biase MPP6 Transport 2 Cross river Biase MPP6 Income generation 2 Cross river Biase MPP6 Health 4 Cross river Boki MPP6 Education 8 Cross river Boki MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 Cross river Boki MPP6 Transport 3 Cross river Boki MPP6 Income generation 5 Cross river Boki MPP6 Health 9 Cross river Calabar MPP6 Education 5 Municipal Cross river Calabar MPP6 Transport 1 Municipal Cross river Calabar MPP6 Income generation 2 Municipal Cross river Calabar South MPP6 Education 1 Cross river Calabar South MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Cross river Calabar South MPP6 Health 3 Cross river Etung MPP6 Education 1 Cross river Etung MPP6 Transport 3 Cross river Etung MPP6 Income generation 4 Cross river Etung MPP6 Health 5 Cross river Ikom MPP6 Education 7 Cross river Ikom MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 7 Cross river Ikom MPP6 Income generation 3 Cross river Ikom MPP6 Health 6

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 31 Cross river Obanliku MPP6 Education 9 Cross river Obanliku MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Cross river Obanliku MPP6 Transport 3 Cross river Obanliku MPP6 Health 2 Cross river Obubra MPP6 Education 5 Cross river Obubra MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Cross river Obubra MPP6 Transport 1 Cross river Obubra MPP6 Income generation 7 Cross river Obubra MPP6 Health 8 Cross river Obudu MPP6 Education 8 Cross river Obudu MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 5 Cross river Obudu MPP6 Transport 1 Cross river Obudu MPP6 Income generation 1 Cross river Obudu MPP6 Health 6 Cross river Odukpani MPP6 Education 8 Cross river Odukpani MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 5 Cross river Odukpani MPP6 Transport 6 Cross river Odukpani MPP6 Income generation 3 Cross river Ogoja MPP6 Education 7 Cross river Ogoja MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Cross river Ogoja MPP6 Transport 3 Cross river Ogoja MPP6 Income generation 5 Cross river Yakuur MPP6 Education 8 Cross river Yakuur MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Cross river Yakuur MPP6 Transport 2 Cross river Yakuur MPP6 Income generation 1 Cross river Yakuur MPP6 Health 5 Cross river Yala MPP6 Education 6 Cross river Yala MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Cross river Yala MPP6 Health 7

Delta Aniocha North MPP9 Education 3 Delta Aniocha North MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Delta Aniocha North MPP9 Health 1 Delta Aniocha South MPP9 Education 3 Delta Aniocha South MPP9 Civic Centres 1

32 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 Delta Aniocha South MPP9 Health 1 Delta Bomadi MPP9 Education 4 Delta Bomadi MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Delta Bomadi MPP9 Health 1 Delta Burutu MPP9 Education 1 Delta Ethiope East MPP9 Education 3 Delta Ethiope East MPP9 Health 1 Delta Ethiope West MPP9 Education 1 Delta Ethiope West MPP9 Health 3 Delta Ika South MPP9 Education 1 Delta Ika South MPP9 Income generation 1 Delta Ika North-East MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Delta Ika North-East MPP9 Income generation 1 Delta Isoko south MPP9 Education 1 Delta Isoko south MPP9 Health 1 Delta Isoko North MPP9 Education 2 Delta Isoko North MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Delta Isoko North MPP9 Health 4 Delta Ndokwa East MPP9 Education 1 Delta Ndokwa East MPP9 Civic Centres 2 Delta Ndokwa East MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Delta Ndokwa East MPP9 Income generation 1 Delta Ndokwa West MPP9 Education 3 Delta Ndokwa West MPP9 Health 4 Delta Okpe MPP9 Civic Centres 2 Delta Okpe MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Delta Okpe MPP9 Health 2 Delta Oshimili South MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Delta Oshimili South MPP9 Health 1 Delta Oshimili South MPP9 Income generation 1 Delta Patani MPP9 Health 1 Delta Sapele MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Delta Sapele MPP9 Health 1 Delta Sapele MPP9 Income generation 1 Delta Ughelli North MPP9 Health 1 Delta Ughelli South MPP9 Health 2

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 33 Delta Ukwani MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Delta Ukwani MPP9 Health 2 Delta Ukwani MPP9 Agriculture 1 Delta Warri North Mpp9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Delta Ika South MPP3 Water and Sanitation 1 Delta Ika North Eastt MPP3 Education 1

Edo Akoko-Edo MPP9 Education 3 Edo Egor MPP9 Health 3 Edo Esan Central MPP9 Health 1 Edo Esan Central MPP9 Agriculture 3 Edo Esan North-East MPP9 Education 1 Edo Esan North-East MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Edo Esan North-East MPP9 Health 1 Edo Esan South-East MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Edo Esan South-East MPP9 Income generation 1 Edo Esan West MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Edo Etsako Central MPP9 Education 1 Edo Etsako Central MPP9 Health 1 Edo Etsako Central MPP9 Income generation 1 Edo Etsako East MPP9 Education 2 Edo Etsako East MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Edo Etsako West MPP9 Education 2 Edo Igueben MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Edo Igueben MPP9 Health 2 Edo Ikpoba-Okha MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Edo Ikpoba-Okha MPP9 Health 2 Edo Oredo MPP9 Health 1 Edo Oredo MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Edo Oredo MPP9 Income generation 1 Edo Orhionmwon MPP9 Education 3 Edo Orhionmwon MPP9 Income generation 1 Edo Ovia North-West MPP9 Education 1 Edo Ovia North-West MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Edo Ovia North-West MPP9 Health 1 Edo Ovia North-West MPP9 Income generation 1

34 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 Edo Ovia South-West MPP9 Education 1 Edo Ovia South-West MPP9 Health 3 Edo Owan East MPP9 Education 3 Edo Owan East MPP9 Income generation 1 Edo Owan West MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Edo Owan West MPP9 Health 1 Edo Uhunmwonde MPP9 Education 1 Edo Uhunmwonde MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 3

Imo Aboh-Mbaise MPP9 Education 1 Imo Aboh-Mbaise MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Aboh-Mbaise MPP9 Income generation 3 Imo Ahiazu-Mbaise MPP9 Education 2 Imo Ahiazu-Mbaise MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Ahiazu-Mbaise MPP9 Income generation 1 Imo Ehime-Mbano MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Imo Ehime-Mbano MPP9 Income generation 2 Imo Ezinihitte MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Ezinihitte MPP9 Health 1 Imo Ezinihitte MPP9 Income generation 1 Imo Ezinihitte MPP9 Agriculture 1 Imo Ideato North MPP9 Education 2 Imo Ideato North MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Imo Ideato North MPP9 Health 1 Imo Ideato North MPP9 Income generation 1 Imo Ideato North MPP9 Agriculture 1 Imo Ideato South MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Imo Ideato South MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Ideato South MPP9 Agriculture 1 Imo Ihitte/Uboma MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Ihitte/Uboma MPP9 Income generation 2 Imo Ikeduru MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Ikeduru MPP9 Health 2 Imo Isiala Mbano MPP9 Education 1 Imo Isiala Mbano MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Isiala Mbano MPP9 Income generation 1

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 35 Imo Isiala Mbano MPP9 Agriculture 1 Imo Isu MPP9 Education 1 Imo Isu MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Isu MPP9 Health 2 Imo Mbaitoli MPP9 Civic Centres 2 Imo Mbaitoli MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Mbaitoli MPP9 Income generation 1 Imo Mbaitoli MPP9 Agriculture 1 Imo Ngor-Okpala MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Ngor-Okpala MPP9 Health 2 Imo Ngor-Okpala MPP9 Income generation 2 Imo Njaba MPP9 Education 1 Imo Nwangele MPP9 Income generation 3 Imo Nwangele MPP9 Agriculture 2 Imo Nkwerre MPP9 Civic Centres 2 Imo Nkwerre MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Obowo MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Imo Obowo MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Obowo MPP9 Income generation 2 Imo Oguta MPP9 Education 1 Imo Ohaji/Egbema MPP9 Health 2 Imo Ohaji/Egbema MPP9 Income generation 3 Imo Okigwe MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Okigwe MPP9 Health 2 Imo Okigwe MPP9 Income generation 1 Imo Orlu MPP9 Education 1 Imo Orlu MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Orlu MPP9 Health 2 Imo Oru East MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Oru East MPP9 Agriculture 1 Imo Onuimo MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Imo Onuimo MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Onuimo MPP9 Health 1 Imo Onuimo MPP9 Agriculture 1 Imo Oru West MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Oru West MPP9 Health 1

36 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 Imo Oru West MPP9 Income generation 2 Imo Owerri North MPP9 Education 1 Imo Oru West MPP9 Health 1 Imo Aboh-Mbaise MPP6 Education 2 Imo Aboh-Mbaise MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Imo Aboh-Mbaise MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Imo Aboh-Mbaise MPP6 Income generation 4 Imo Aboh-Mbaise MPP6 Health 14 Imo Ahiazu-Mbaise MPP6 Education 7 Imo Ahiazu-Mbaise MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 8 Imo Ahiazu-Mbaise MPP6 Income generation 1 Imo Ahiazu-Mbaise MPP6 Health 6 Imo Ehime-Mbano MPP6 Education 1 Imo Ehime-Mbano MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 5 Imo Ehime-Mbano MPP6 Transport 4 Imo Ehime-Mbano MPP6 Income generation 3 Imo Ehime-Mbano MPP6 Health 2 Imo Ezinihitte MPP6 Education 1 Imo Ezinihitte MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Imo Ezinihitte MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 5 Imo Ezinihitte MPP6 Income generation 3 Imo Ideato North MPP6 Education 1 Imo Ideato North MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Imo Ideato North MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Ideato North MPP6 Transport 2 Imo Ideato North MPP6 Income generation 5 Imo Ideato North MPP6 Health 1 Imo Ideato South MPP6 Education 2 Imo Ideato South MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Imo Ideato South MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Ideato South MPP6 Income generation 3 Imo Ideato South MPP6 Health 3 Imo Ihitte/Uboma MPP6 Education 6 Imo Ihitte/Uboma MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Ihitte/Uboma MPP6 Income generation 3 Imo Ihitte/Uboma MPP6 Health 1

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 37 Imo Ikeduru MPP6 Education 3 Imo Ikeduru MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Imo Ikeduru MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 11 Imo Ikeduru MPP6 Income generation 1 Imo Isiala Mbano MPP6 Education 1 Imo Isiala Mbano MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Imo Isiala Mbano MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 6 Imo Isiala Mbano MPP6 Income generation 3 Imo Isiala Mbano MPP6 Health 4 Imo Isu MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Isu MPP6 Income generation 1 Imo Isu MPP6 Health 6 Imo Mbaitoli MPP6 Education 8 Imo Mbaitoli MPP6 Civic Centres 2 Imo Mbaitoli MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 6 Imo Mbaitoli MPP6 Income generation 3 Imo Mbaitoli MPP6 Health 2 Imo Ngor-Okpala MPP6 Education 3 Imo Ngor-Okpala MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Imo Ngor-Okpala MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Ngor-Okpala MPP6 Transport 1 Imo Ngor-Okpala MPP6 Income generation 1 Imo Ngor-Okpala MPP6 Health 4 Imo Njaba MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 Imo Njaba MPP6 Income generation 1 Imo Njaba MPP6 Health 1 Imo Nwangele MPP6 Civic Centres 2 Imo Nwangele MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Nwangele MPP6 Income generation 2 Imo Nkwerre MPP6 Education 1 Imo Nkwerre MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Imo Nkwerre MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Imo Nkwerre MPP6 Transport 2 Imo Nkwerre MPP6 Health 2 Imo Obowo MPP6 Education 2 Imo Obowo MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3

38 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 Imo Obowo MPP6 Income generation 4 Imo Obowo MPP6 Health 1 Imo Oguta MPP6 Education 3 Imo Oguta MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Ohaji/Egbema MPP6 Education 4 Imo Ohaji/Egbema MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Ohaji/Egbema MPP6 Income generation 3 Imo Ohaji/Egbema MPP6 Health 7 Imo Okigwe MPP6 Education 1 Imo Okigwe MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Okigwe MPP6 Transport 2 Imo Okigwe MPP6 Income generation 3 Imo Onuimo MPP6 Education 2 Imo Onuimo MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Imo Onuimo MPP6 Income generation 2 Imo Onuimo MPP6 Health 2 Imo Orlu MPP6 Education 3 Imo Orlu MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 5 Imo Orlu MPP6 Income generation 6 Imo Orsu MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Imo Orsu MPP6 Income generation 3 Imo Orsu MPP6 Health 5 Imo Oru East MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Imo Oru East MPP6 Income generation 1 Imo Oru West MPP6 Education 1 Imo Oru West MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Imo Owerri North MPP6 Education 5 Imo Owerri North MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Imo Owerri North MPP6 Income generation 2 Imo Owerri North MPP6 Health 11 Imo Owerri West MPP6 Education 8 Imo Owerri West MPP6 Income generation 2 Imo Owerri West MPP6 Health 9

Ondo Akoko North East MPP9 Education 1 Ondo Akoko North East MPP9 Civic Centres 1

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 39 Ondo Akoko North East MPP9 Income generation 1 Ondo Akoko North MPP9 Education 2 West Ondo Akoko North MPP9 Civic Centres 1 West Ondo Akoko North MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 West Ondo Akoko North MPP9 Agriculture 1 West Ondo Akoko South MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Akure East Ondo Akoko South MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Akure East Ondo Akoko South MPP9 Income generation 2 Akure East Ondo Akoko South MPP9 Civic Centres 2 West Ondo Akoko South MPP9 Health 1 West Ondo Akure North MPP9 Education 1 Ondo Akure North MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Ondo Akure South MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Ondo Akure South MPP9 Health 1 Ondo Ese-Odo MPP9 Education 2 Ondo Ese-Odo MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Ondo Ese-Odo MPP9 Income generation 1 Ondo Idanre MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Ondo Idanre MPP9 Health 1 Ondo Ifedore MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Ondo Ifedore MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Ondo Ifedore MPP9 Income generation 1 Ondo Ilaje MPP9 Education 2 Ondo Ilaje MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Ondo Ilaje MPP9 Health 1 Ondo Ile-Oluji MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Ondo Ile-Oluji MPP9 Income generation 1

40 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 Ondo Irele MPP9 Education 1 Ondo Irele MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Ondo Irele MPP9 Agriculture 1 Ondo Odigbo MPP9 Education 1 Ondo Odigbo MPP9 Health 1 Ondo Odigbo MPP9 Agriculture 1 Ondo Okitipupa MPP9 Education 1 Ondo Okitipupa MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Ondo Okitipupa MPP9 Health 1 Ondo Okitipupa MPP9 Agriculture 1 Ondo Ondo East MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Ondo Ondo East MPP9 Health 2 Ondo Ondo West MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Ondo Ondo West MPP9 Health 1 Ondo Ondo West MPP9 Income generation 1 Ondo Owo MPP9 Education 1 Ondo Owo MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Ondo Owo MPP9 Income generation 1 Ondo Akoko North East MPP6 Education 3 Ondo Akoko North East MPP6 Civic Centres 2 Ondo Akoko North East MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Ondo Akoko North East MPP6 Transport 3 Ondo Akoko North East MPP6 Income generation 1 Ondo Akoko North East MPP6 Health 3 Ondo Akoko North MPP6 Education 3 West Ondo Akoko North MPP6 Civic Centres 1 West Ondo Akoko North MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 West Ondo Akoko North MPP6 Income generation 5 West Ondo Akoko North MPP6 Health 4 West Ondo Akoko South MPP6 Education 2 Akure East

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 41 Ondo Akoko South MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 6 Akure East Ondo Akoko South MPP6 Income generation 2 Akure East Ondo Akoko South MPP6 Education 3 West Ondo Akoko South MPP6 Civic Centres 1 West Ondo Akoko South MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 West Ondo Akoko South MPP6 Income generation 2 West Ondo Akoko South MPP6 Health 5 West Ondo Akure North MPP6 Education 10 Ondo Akure North MPP6 Civic Centres 2 Ondo Akure North MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Ondo Akure North MPP6 Income generation 3 Ondo Akure North MPP6 Health 9 Ondo Akure South MPP6 Education 8 Ondo Akure South MPP6 Civic Centres 2 Ondo Akure South MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 7 Ondo Akure South MPP6 Transport 1 Ondo Akure South MPP6 Health 3 Ondo Ese-Odo MPP6 Education 13 Ondo Ese-Odo MPP6 Civic Centres 2 Ondo Ese-Odo MPP6 Transport 2 Ondo Idanre MPP6 Education 4 Ondo Idanre MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Ondo Idanre MPP6 Income generation 2 Ondo Idanre MPP6 Health 2 Ondo Ifedore MPP6 Education 8 Ondo Ifedore MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Ondo Ifedore MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Ondo Ifedore MPP6 Income generation 4 Ondo Ifedore MPP6 Health 2

42 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 Ondo Ilaje MPP6 Education 7 Ondo Ilaje MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Ondo Ilaje MPP6 Transport 1 Ondo Ilaje MPP6 Income generation 1 Ondo Ilaje MPP6 Health 7 Ondo Ile-Oluji MPP6 Education 12 Ondo Ile-Oluji MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Ondo Ile-Oluji MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Ondo Ile-Oluji MPP6 Transport 1 Ondo Ile-Oluji MPP6 Income generation 3 Ondo Irele MPP6 Education 4 Ondo Irele MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 Ondo Irele MPP6 Transport 1 Ondo Irele MPP6 Income generation 4 Ondo Irele MPP6 Health 3 Ondo Odigbo MPP6 Education 8 Ondo Odigbo MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 Ondo Odigbo MPP6 Transport 2 Ondo Odigbo MPP6 Income generation 1 Ondo Odigbo MPP6 Health 2 Ondo Okitipupa MPP6 Education 10 Ondo Okitipupa MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Ondo Okitipupa MPP6 Income generation 2 Ondo Okitipupa MPP6 Health 1 Ondo Ondo East MPP6 Education 8 Ondo Ondo East MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 6 Ondo Ondo East MPP6 Income generation 1 Ondo Ondo West MPP6 Education 10 Ondo Ondo West MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Ondo Ondo West MPP6 Transport 1 Ondo Ondo West MPP6 Income generation 2 Ondo Ondo West MPP6 Health 6 Ondo Ose MPP6 Education 7 Ondo Ose MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Ondo Ose MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 Ondo Ose MPP6 Income generation 2

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 43 Ondo Ose MPP6 Health 2 Ondo Owo MPP6 Education 7 Ondo Owo MPP6 Civic Centres 1 Ondo Owo MPP6 Water/Sanitation Projects 3 Ondo Owo MPP6 Income generation 1 Rivers Abua/Odual MPP9 Education 6 Rivers Abua/Odual MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 4 Rivers Ahoada East MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Rivers Ahoada East MPP9 Income generation 3 Rivers Ahoada West MPP9 Civic Centres 4 Rivers Ahoada West MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Rivers Ahoada West MPP9 Income generation 2 Rivers Ahoada West MPP9 Agriculture 2 Rivers Andoni MPP9 Civic Centres 3 Rivers Andoni MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 15 Rivers Andoni MPP9 Income generation 2 Rivers Asari-Toru MPP9 Education 5 Rivers Asari-Toru MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Rivers Emohua MPP9 Education 1 Rivers Emohua MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Rivers Emohua MPP9 Income generation 4 Rivers Etche MPP9 Education 3 Rivers Etche MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Rivers Etche MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 2 Rivers Etche MPP9 Income generation 1 Rivers Etche MPP9 Agriculture 1 Rivers Gokana MPP9 Education 2 Rivers Gokana MPP9 Civic Centres 3 Rivers Gokana MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 1 Rivers Ikwerre MPP9 Education 2 Rivers Ikwerre MPP9 Civic Centres 5 Rivers Ikwerre MPP9 Water/Sanitation Projects 6 Rivers Khana MPP9 Civic Centres 1 Rivers Khana MPP9 Income generation 2 Rivers Khana MPP9 Agriculture 2

44 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 Rivers Ogba/Egbema/ MPP9 Education 5 Ndoni Rivers Ogba/Egbema/ MPP9 Income generation 3 Ndoni Rivers Ogu/Bolo MPP9 Civic Centres 2 Rivers Tai MPP9 Education 1 Rivers Tai MPP9 Civic Centres 3

Note: MPP6 Edo state was not properly labeled. Therefore, it is excluded in this catalogue. Furthermore, as a result of the lack of information on the location of most of the MPP3 projects, the catalogue does not contain information on MPP3 Delta,MPP3 Rivers and some projects in MPP3 Bayelsa State.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 45 UTILIZATION STATUS OF THE MICRO PROJECT PROGRAMMES

The infrastructures set up in the different projects were of good quality as stated in the final reports of MPP3 and MPP9. Most of these infrastructures were requested by the communities through the needs assessment carried out by the CSOs. In course of this work, a few points were noted on the underutilization of some of the structures. They are:

• There is a lack of ownership by member of the communities concerning the project. The attitude of communities exemplified by lack of maintenance culture of these people is one of the reasons why some of the facilities are under-utilized. It may seem like the communities are waiting for the European Union to also maintain the structures already set up for them.

• To some extent, the needs assessment or baseline studies carried out by the CSOs were not satisfactory. The Final Evaluation Report MPP3 (2007) clearly states that the MPP3 did not undertake baseline studies. If it did, changes in the communities as a result of the investments by the EU would be clearly captured. If these baseline studies were conducted, there would have been options open for maintenance or sustenance of the projects. For instance, some communities had boreholes built for them, whereas they could not afford to buy diesel or gas to keep the running. It was observed that some of these facilities were set up without considering maintenance and sustenance of the facilities.

It is important to add however, that some of the projects are well utilized. Other projects whose utilization status could not be determined by another independent survey, carried out, solely to find out the utilization status of the projects.

46 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 DOCUMENTARY SCRIPT ON THE BENEFITS AND ISSUES FROM THE MPP IN THE NIGER DELTA. OUTLINE FOR VIDEO SCRIPT ON THE MICRO PROJECT PROGRAMMES IN DELTA STATE

AUDIO VIDEO Introduction: The Niger Delta comprises of nine Shots of different areas in the Niger Del- southern states in Nigeria. Six of the states’ ta. These shots could include shots of the form the south-south geopolitical zone (These rural areas; both the uplands and riverine are Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross-Rivers, Del- areas. ta, Edo and Rivers States). The others are two south-eastern states (Abia and Imo states), and one South-western State (Ondo state).

The Niger-Delta despite its huge oil resources Shots can contain different underdevel- is engulfed in enormous poverty and youth oped areas in the Niger Delta to demon- restiveness. As a result of these, there are high strate or show extreme poverty. rates of unemployment and underemploy- ment and this has led to the escalation of vio- Shots of farmlands or agricultural settle- lence and crime especially amongst the youths. ments, rivers with fishers will also show dependency on agriculture. As a result of the impoverished situation in the Niger Delta, to European Union has intro- duced the Micro Project Programmes (MPPs) to improve the living standards of the poor communities in the nine Niger Delta States on a sustainable basis, that is; reduction of poverty, tension, crisis and gender discrimination and to encourage increased empowerment.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 47 The MPPs came in different phases. The first Shots can include MPP3 projects in, Delta phase was the MPP3 which started in 2001 and and Rivers States. There is need to also fo- ended in 2004. It had a broad type menu which cus on older structures that have stood the encompassed health, water and sanitation, test of time. education, transportation, income generation, and agriculture.

The total fund for the MPP3 programmes was Shots of the narrator talking about the €28, 000,000. The European Development Fund MPP3 resources for MPP3 was € 21,000,000, Contribu- tion by the local communities was estimated at OR € 5,200,000, while partner organizations contributed an estimated € 800,000. A good voice over with shots showing different MPP3 projects. The MPP3 was seen to have very little local gov- An interview with some stakeholders in- ernment involvement. It had a participatory volved with the MPP3 should be consid- approach were the communities were involved ered at this point. from the inception point to the finishing of the project. The NGOs during the preparatory Shots should include the interview pro- stage for the MPP3 went into communities for cess and some shots of some of the MPP3 a needs assessment and to ascertain the real structures. needs of the people: and then applied for funds to execute the project. Although this needs assessment may not have been thoroughly done as the Final Evaluation Reports on MPP3 shows. According to the report, if the needs assessment was done properly, changes in the communities as a result of the investments by the EU would be clearly captured.

48 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 Interview questions for the interview stake- The following are suggested interviewees: holders. • Mrs Monica Emosairue (Team leader for MPP3 Delta state) Interview questions may include: • Mr. Eugene Ugoh Nwokocha (ICT/ M&E • Issues with the MPP3 officer for MPP3 programs in the three • What could have been done better? states • Benefits of the MPP3 to their communities • Mrs Juliet Gidiagba (She worked in the • Issues the recipient had with MPP3 MPP3 as a Personal Assistant to the Team Leader in Delta state. • Mr. Ogana Johnson (recipient from Idu- moza, Delta state) There was an overlap between MPP3 and MPP6. Shots of different project typologies Mpp6 started in 2004 while MPP3 was being should be considered at this point. carried out. The MPP6 covered six Niger Delta states and had a wider type which included: • Water & Sanitation • Transport infrastructure • Health Centers • Education • Income generation • Civic Centers & others The total funds for the MPP6 program was €42 million. With 1921 micro projects carried out in 6 states. An interview can be carried out with different The following are suggested interviewees: stakeholders. • Dr. Sally Ibe (Team Leader Interview questions may include: MPP 6 Imo State) • What are the pertinent lessons that • Mrs Monica Emosairue (Team lead- were drawn from the MPP3 that helped the er for MPP3 Delta state also involved in the MPP6? MPP6) • What could have been done better in the MPP6? • Benefits of the MPP6 to their communities

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 49 Just like the MPP3, the MPP 6 had local/ partici- Footages of men at work can suffice in this patory involvement and was empowerment by scene. training and doing. These footages can be borrowed from the documentary on the MPP6. In April 2009, the MPP9 commenced. The pro- Shots of MPP9 projects focusing on the grammed covered the nine Niger Delta states, sign posts which identify each project. that is the former MPP3 and MPP6 states. The total fund of the MPP9 was €71.5 million, Snap shots of documents put together in with contributions from the EDF, the Local Gov- a slide format can suffice. Snap shots of -Fi ernment and communities. nancial Agreements etc. Some things changed in the MPP9. Unlike the Snap shots of different MPP9 projects. former MPPs, the MPP9 didn’t have so much There is also need to zoom in on the sign local presence. NGOs/ CSOs were dropped and posts to clearly emphasize that they are replaced with the use of contractor and con- MPP9 projects. sultants. Also, video shots of MPP9 projects in use The community also didn’t have so much in- will be a good catch in this scene. volvement as in the MPP3 and 6. The Local Gov- ernments were now involved. The MPP9 which was said to cover a period of Interviews with team members of MPP9 four years was cut short. It would be safe to say will come in handy that managing the new changes was quite a difficult task.

Interview questions may include: • What were the shortfalls of MPP9? • Why the project short was lived?

The shortfall of MPP9 birthed MPP9 Additional Interview with Kingsley Fossu on the services. This project covered the scope initially MPP9 Additional services. supposed to be covered by the former MPP9. Other interviewees to consider are: • Evans Ohaji • Wisdom Uwadiale

50 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 The MPP9 Additional Services covered a period Interview with Kingsley Fossu on the NDSP of two years, and was handled by the present Component 4. NDSP Component 4 Team.

The NDSP Component 4 is currently ongoing. It is designed to support poverty and conflict reduction in the Nine Niger Delta States through a project modality just like the Sister Micro Pro- ject Programs. The project just like the MPP9 has Local Gov- Shots of NDSP4 projects in different states. ernment involvement. However, the Local Gov- It would also be nice to take comparative ernment Authorities involved are few who are shots of older MPPs and the NDSP4. basically reform minded. The NDSP4 set out to provide support to government reforms and The narrator can point out the differences socio-economic development through the im- in the projects, e.g the project types, mode plementation of operation. The NDSP Component 4 total commitment then was €70, 9O5,000.00.

Unlike the former MPPs, NDSP4 has fewer project type menu. Just like MPP9, this project used consultants and contractors to carry out the project.

Interviews with some current staff of NDSP Component 4 Rounding up the documentary with slides of different motion pictures can be considered at this point.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 51 52 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 CHALLENGES/ LIMITATIONS The programmes encountered a lot of challenges, chief amongst which are; 1. Geographical coverage: This was a big issue in the MPP9 as the geography of the Ni- ger Delta was not put into consideration during the planning of the MPP9. Cost and means of transportation became an issue. However, it was a lesson for the MPP9 Additional Services and the NDSP Component 4.

2. Fluctuation of market prices: This issue resulted in the purchase of goods either at a higher price or at a lower price especially during the MPP3, causing a little bit of confusion with the budgeting. A proper and reliable market survey should be done before every budget is prepared to avoid such issues going forward.

3. Uniformity: The MPP3 and MPP6 had this issues, probably because of the use of different NGOs. The outlook of some of the buildings, e.g school blocks were not similar.

FINDINGS/OBSERVATIONS This assignment, involved field work, critical review of some financial agreements, TORs and MTR. Certain observations were also made with regards to the construction delivery and methods of operation. They are:

• The projects had evolving methods of operations. Each phase seemed to borrow lessons learned from the previous one. A lot of changes were made in terms of use of consultants and contractors, local involvement, use of CSOs/NGOs, Local Government involvement etc. However, it would appear that the MPP6 didn’t borrow any lessons from MPP3 because there was a meeting point because two (2) years after, MPP6 started out about 2 years, while the MMP3 was still going on.

• The MPP3 and MPP6 trained the communities by having them participate in the implementation of the projects.In the MPP3 and MPP6, there was a big local presence and the communities were involved from the inception. The communities had the opportunity to pick or make choices on the project typologies they needed in their respective communities, and they were part of the implementation process. That is to say they partici- pated in building the projects.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 53 • The project typologies in the MPP3 and MPP6 were quite wider. The conceptual view for the former project allowed varying project types than the MPP9 and NDSP4. In other words, the project types in MPP3 and MPP6 are more than the project types in the MPP9 and NDSP4. • • The MPP3 and MPP6 had CSOs/NGO involvement. These CSOs/ NGOs carried out baseline studies before the project, sensitized people about the project and were involved in the project implementation. Although, in trying to get information about these projects and their locations, many of the CSOs/ NGOs didn’t come in handy.

• The structures e.g markets stalls, education blocks, health centers etc can be seen to have more similar and uniform outlook from the former MPP3/6 projects and the MPP9/ NDSP4.This can be as a result of change in using CSOs/NGOs to carry out their work, to using contractors. This decision however seems to be an issue as the receiving communities thinks they should be involved in the NDSP4 like they were involved in the beginning of the Micro Project Programmes. This situation questions the decision of European Union. Why did the EU rethink the participatory involvement? From several meetings, it was seen that one of the reasons the European Union gave was that they wanted a standardized structure. They also wanted to introduce the accessibility system which allows for transparency. The question here is, does this decision not threaten the sustainability of the projects?

• The structures set up by the MPPs represented models for communities to emulate and build similar structures. A typical example was an open market stall built by MPP6 in Owerri North, the community had already set up a similar structure while expanding the market. It would be necessary to find out if this modelling was emulated across the nine Niger Delta States.

• There is also a significant focus on gender sensitivity in the MPP9 and NDSP4 Pro- grammes unlike the other MPPs.

• Furthermore,it was observed that these programmes focused on doing the work and not documenting the work done. Getting information for this assignment was quite difficult. It could be said there is an issue with knowledge management and institution-

54 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 al memory. As could be seen in the table, the column stating “current utilization status” is empty. This is because getting information on the utilization status of the work was quite frustrating. Records of the projects were not well kept.

RECOMMENDATIONS This report recommends the following: • There is need for proper documentation of information. The dearth of information on a project of the magnitude represents a serious failure. It is pure demonstration of lack of adherence to sector quality standards. Some of the states did not even submit pictures of the most recent projects in their states.

• In providing information, there is also need for proper filing, e.g. labeling of pictures and videos as to help identification.

• There is also need to employ committed individuals in projects like this. Some of the information gotten were from individuals who were committed not just in getting the job done, but also demonstrated undisguised interest in the project impacting lives sus- tainably.

• Furthermore, in labeling the structures, the use of sign posts was grossly ineffective. It is better to label the blocks than using signposts.

• An independent survey should be carried out to know the current utilization status of each project executed. • There is also need to create a website for allthe Niger Delta projects. This will help the process of documentation of all these projects. According to Ohaji (2018) in the past, EU ran their projects using a website which showcased their different activities. These websites are no longer active. They are: www.mpp3.org www.mpp6.org www.mpp9.org These websites were supposedly set up to store data on some of the projects. However, it was discontinued and the websites are no longer active. It is therefore recommended that an active website be set up to document and track EU projects in Nigeria.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 55 APPENDIX 1.A:SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Below are lists of people who assisted in getting information on the Micro Project Programmes in the different nine Niger Delta states.

Names Position Materials / Information Phone number/ Received. Email Dr. Sally Ibe Team Leader MPP6 MPP6 Compendium, 08036751743 Imo state. She gave a Documentary on Micro comprehensive list of the Project Programs, focusing MPP6 Project in the six on MPP3 and MPP6. states. Mrs Monica Emosairue Team Leader MPP3 Delta Oral interview on MPP3 and 08067915829 state. She granted a phone referral to Mrs Gidiagba. interview and gave ideas as to who to contact for further information on the MPP3 programs Juliet Gidiagba Personal Assistant to the Location of Four MPP Julietgndsp4@yahoo. Team Leader MPP3 in Delta Projects in Delta and referral com state. to Mr.Nwokocha Yakubu Ogwuche EUD Final reports of the MPP3 08160497189 Mr. Ogana Johnson Recipient Tour to the locations of 08034403965 MPP3 and MPP9 projects in Idumoza Delta state. Mr. Elumeh Felix Recipient Tour to the locations of 07030306130 MPP3 and MPP9 Additional services projects in Igbodo, Delta state. Wisdom Uwadiale NDSP4 Headquarters MPP9 Work monitoring 08035439955 template Evans Ohaji NDSP4 Headquarters MPP9 Work monitoring 08033243913 template Mr. Eugene Ugoh 08037156447 Nwokocha Dr. Dara Akala PIND MPP3 Mid Term Report dara@ pindfoundation.org NDSP4 Headquarters Photos of different NDSP4, MPP9 Additional services photos, MPP9 and NDSP4 documents.

56 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 1.B (Literature and documents consulted) • 10th EDF Financial Agreement (FA) • Country Level Evaluation Nigeria, Final Report, Volume 1: Main Report (2010) • Ebipre, Eniekezimene, Edem and Ariye (2015): International Partnership for Socio-Eco- nomic Development: An Appraisal of the European Union-Nigeria Micro Project Programme in Bayelsa State. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN (Pa- per)2224-5766 ISSN (Online)2225-0484 (Online) Vol.5, No.7, 2015 . www.iiste.org • European Union MPP6 Micro-Projects Programme in the six states Niger Delta (Abia, Akwa-Ibom, Cross-River, Edo, Imo, Ondo States) Micro Projects Compendium (2008) • EU Presence in the Niger Delta FED/2013/330-931 • Final Evaluation of Micro-Projects Programme in Niger Delta: Rivers, Bayelsa and Delta State (2007). • Investment Guide in The Niger Delta Region. Federal Government of Nigeria, Ministry of Niger Delta Affairs, Federal Secretariat Phase 1, Shehu Shagari way, Abuja. • Mid Term Review of Micro-Project Programme in The Niger Delta: Rivers, Bayelsa and Delta States(MPP3) • NDSP4 TA- Annex 2 Terms of Reference • Ohaji, E (2018) EU Programmes Visibility and Website in Niger Delta. • Paul Francis, Deirdre Lapin, Paula Rossiasco (2011) Securing Development and Peace in the Niger Delta, A social and Conflict Analysis for change. • Uwadiale, O.W. Micro Project Programme in the Nine Niger Delta States –(MPP9&ND- SP4). Construction Works Implementation and Challenges.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 57 APPENDIX 2 : TERMS OF REFERENCE

EU funded project: Technical Assistance for Component 4 of the Niger Delta Support Programme in the Nine Niger Delta States EuropeAid/132928/D/SER/NG

DRAFT TOR - Requirement for Short Term Expert (PE1 Execution)

Title of the assignment Production of a Documentary for MPP3 to NDSP4 in the EU provision of Micro Projects Programme

Assignment Reference NDSP-PE Activity: Visibility & Activity 1.7

Category Junior Non- Key Experts

Position Expert 1: Cataloguing Review and Research/Organis- ing information for Script writing and Publications

Input Expert 1: 10 working days / in the field with some home-based input. Expert 2: 7 working days

Location NDSP States.

Period November[December] 2017

58 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 1. Background The objective of the Niger Delta Support Programme (NDSP) is to mitigate the conflict in the Niger Delta by addressing the main causes of the unrest and violence: bad governance, (youth) unemployment, poor delivery of basic services. Specifically, the programme contributes to poverty alleviation through the development and support given to local community development initiatives.

The purpose of NDSP Component 4 and this Technical Assistance Project is to support the development initiatives and conflict alleviation of local communities. This engagement will support institutional reforms and capacity building, resulting in Local Government (LGAs) and State Authorities increasingly providing infrastructural services, income generating options, sustainable livelihoods development; gender equity and community empowerment. This will be achieved through offering models of transparency and participation as well as the involvement of Local Governments in funding Micro projects to enhance impact and sustainability. Specifically over 800 community projects are to be implemented as part of the EU support to community development in the Niger Delta until the end of 2017.

The means for delivering the above are: On the institutional/governance side: This engagement will support institutional reforms and capacity building, resulting in Local Government and State Authorities increasingly providing infrastructural services, income generating options, sustainable livelihoods development, gender equity and community empowerment.

And on the infrastructural side: This will be achieved through offering models of transparency and participation as well asthe involvement of Local Governments in funding Micro projects to enhance impact and sustainability. Specifically over 800 community projects will be implemented as part of the EU support to community development in the Niger Delta.

The objectives of the Documentary Analysis for MPP3/MPP6/MPP9/NDSP4 would be primarily: • To produce a systematic catalogue of pictures and visibility material covering the EU Micro Projects Programme [ MPP] • To produce a documentary of the benefits and issues from the MPP in the Niger Delta. • To draw out lessons and pertinent information data and other salient issues for dis-

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 59 semination to stakeholders at a later date.

The NDSP Component 4 is at a primary level - a rural infrastructure provision Programme to generate some 800 Micro Projects in the nine Niger Delta States. Using the opportunity of this physical provision the Programme seeks to provide governance and institutional foundations and impetus that would improve service delivery, planning, collaborations with civil society, collaborations between various tiers of government and other agencies, tackle sustainability issues around the micro projects and ultimately provide the pathways to greater empowerment to use the lessons learnt from the NDSP 4 programme for self-generated economic development initiatives and programmes.

A requirement of the NDSP4 TOR is to: • Design a sustainability strategy and collaborate with LGAs and NGOs/CBOs at the community level for monitoring and maintenance of micro-projects constructed under previous programmes (MPP9, MPP6 and MPP3).

2. Beneficiaries Nigeria: The Nine Niger Delta States, namely: Abia, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo and Rivers.

3. Scope of work / Activities The expert will be responsible for producing a Documentary on the EU Micro Projects Program in the Niger Delta.

4. Description of project assignment / Expected Outputs a) The aim of this assignment is: To review the catalogue of photographs generated from the MPP9 Additional Services and the NDSP4 programme as they relate to Micro -projects completed or under construction. b) The structure of the assignment is in 2 parts: a PREPARATORY part which is outlined in this TOR and a field PHOTOGRAPHY /VIDEO component

It is expected that the information-gathering, research catalogue verification, information organising will lay the groundwork for the final Documentary production.[ It is expected that a

60 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 meeting will take place with EUD Officers to get pointers to sources of information on MPP3, MPP6, MPP9]

5. Deliverables / Milestones/ Reporting • Confirmation and re-organisation of internally collected material on MPP9 [Additional services] • Generation of simple tables on total MPs from MPP3 to MPP9 by project type/location and some notion of current utilization of the MPs. • Generation of the outline of a script to enable a video/documentary and a picture book to be produced.

6. Timeframe – Place of performance The assignment is expected to commence during November 2017 for a period of approxi- mately two (2) weeks, regarding the spread of activities and associated outputs. The total estimated workload for the assignment amounts to 10 working days. Place of performance shall be basically field with some home-based inputs for preparation and/or reporting, at the knowledge of and coordination by the Team Leader.

7. Experts Profile –– Project Management expert or professional with previous experience of similar Project’s context; –– Skills in planning, design and implementation in challenging environment across a wide geographical area; –– Good knowledge of the Niger Delta region or similar environment experts; –– Excellent communication and diplomatic skills; –– Fluent in English; –– Knowledge of at least one local language will be an added advantage.

8. Experts Qualifications Expert Qualifications and Skills • Candidates should possess a degree in university degree in social sciences, international relations, Development Studies, project management or a related field with 5 years’ experience or a Master’s degree in the stated field

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018 61 • Experience of work in Africa and similar environment as the Niger Delta • 5 years previous experience in strategic planning and project development in rural communities • Excellent verbal and written English language skills • Strong organisation skills and ability to manage a potentially changing workflow.

General Experience • 5 Years of relevant professional experience; • 3 years’ experience in international development cooperation;

Specific Professional Experience • At least 8 years’ experience in strategic planning, formulation, research and documentation and/or organising information and generating a script for a documentary. • At least 5 years’ in supporting documentation production.

Suggested references: • Technical Proposal of Consultant • Terms of Reference (ToR) of TA NDSP4 Service Contract • 10th EDF Financial Agreement (FA) • Programme Estimate 1 (PE 1)

62 DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4. 2018

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE MPP3, MPP6, MPP9 AND NDSP4

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