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ICOM-6 Program Altered video task in 15-month-olds how to bridge the gap between Tulving’s definition and current methods? Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Haman, Maciej; Bobrowicz, Ryszard 2016 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Bobrowicz, K., Haman, M., & Bobrowicz, R. (2016). Altered video task in 15-month-olds: how to bridge the gap between Tulving’s definition and current methods?. 158-158. Abstract from 6th International Conference on Memory (ICOM6), Budapest, Hungary. 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LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 ICOM-6 Program Keynote session I K1 session Sunday, 17 July 2016 | 17:15 - 18:15 | Room 1 Chair/Organizer: Martin A. Conway A-1012 KEYNOTE LECTURE: Memory, Imagination, and Creativity: Functions of Episodic Simulation and Retrieval Daniel L. Schacter Harvard University Numerous recent studies have explored the role of memory in imagining possible future experiences and related kinds of hypothetical events. Many of these studies have provided evidence that simulating possible events depends on much of the same neural and cognitive machinery as does remembering past events. According to the constructive episodic simulation hypothesis, simulation of future experiences depends importantly on episodic memory, which allows individuals to draw on the past in a manner that flexibly extracts and re-combines elements of previous experiences. Such flexibility is adaptive for simulating alternative scenarios based on past experiences, but it also may render the system prone to memory errors. This talk will address questions concerning constructive and functional aspects of episodic simulation and episodic memory, and will also consider evidence from recent studies that have used specificity inductions to characterize the contributions of episodic retrieval to a range of cognitive tasks, including imagination, problem solving, and creativity. 1 / 224 ICOM-6 Program Keynote session II K2 session Monday, 18 July 2016 | 08:30 - 09:20 | Room 1 Chair/Organizer: Barbara Knowlton A-1009 KEYNOTE LECTURE: Impact of Aging on Brain Circuits Critical for Memory Carol Barnes Regents’ Professor, Departments of Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona Aging is associated with specific impairments of learning and memory, some of which are similar to those caused by damage to temporal or frontal lobe structures. For example, healthy older humans, monkeys and rats all show poorer spatial, recognition and working memory, than do their younger counterparts. Rats and monkeys do not develop age-related pathology such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, which makes them good models for assessing functional alterations associated with normal aging in humans. While many cellular properties of medial temporal lobe cells appear to be intact in aging animals, age-related impairments in synaptic function, plasticity and gene expression have been observed. Because information is represented by activity patterns across large populations of neurons, an understanding of the neural basis of cognitive changes in aging requires the examination of the dynamics of behaviorally-driven neural networks. Ensemble recording experiments are described that suggest fundamental changes in the storage and retrieval of information, as well as in high level perceptual processing in aging hippocampal and perirhinal cortical circuits. In addition, frontal cortical correlates of working memory are discussed. Together the evidence suggests that normative aging processes show both cell type and region specificity, and rather than uniform deterioration, the aging brain can show changes consistent with adaptive, compensatory processes. 2 / 224 ICOM-6 Program Neural networks and interactions underlying episodic memory: evidence from functional connectivity S0029 session Monday, 18 July 2016 | 09:30 - 11:30 | Room 1 Chair/Organizer: Jesse Rissman, Michael Rugg Discussant: Michael Rugg A-0989 Hippocampal-neocortical interactions during memory processes Nikolai Axmacher Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany Functional interactions in EEG data can be measured as phase synchronization between oscillations in two (or more) brain regions. Phase synchronization has been associated with at least three different physiological mechanisms: Intraregional synchronization increases the impact of activity on downstream areas via coincidence detection; interregional synchronization facilitates information transmission by coordinating spike timing to excitable periods; and interregional synchronization may induce spike-timing dependent plasticity. These physiological functions are recruited during various cognitive functions, in particular related to short-term memory maintenance and long-term memory formation. In this talk, I will give examples of these mechanisms related to different memory processes in intracranial EEG data. In particular, I will show how memory functions depend on phase synchronization between hippocampus and neocortex. A-1006 Hippocampal contributions to the large-scale episodic memory network Roberto Cabeza, Benjamin Geib, Matthew Stanley Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, USA Most fMRI studies have focused on the functions of individual brain regions, but a growing number of studies have been using network analyses to investigate how these regions interact during cognitive tasks. In contrast with network analyses that focus only on global network changes, we use graph theory to investigate the role of the hippocampus within the episodic memory network. We found that successful retrieval was associated with the hippocampus changing its connectivity profile to communicate more efficiently with the rest of the network. Connectivity changes involved regions directly connected with the hippocampus, including core regions of the episodic retrieval network. Retrieval success was associated with reduced modularity and greater network integration. A-0991 Understanding Age Differences in Memory Through Network Functional Connectivity Cheryl Grady Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada To identify neural mechanisms underlying age differences in memory we used several approaches to assess functional connectivity (FC). Brain- wide patterns of covarying activity can predict when participants are engaged in item vs. associative encoding. The ability to distinguish these two types of encoding not only is reduced in older adults but better prediction of these encoding “brain states” is related to better associative memory. Patterns of intrinsic network FC also predict subsequent memory performance, but these correlations differ with age. Individual differences in resting connectivity of the default network are strong predictors of episodic memory in older adults. These studies provide evidence that dynamic interactivity among brain regions is important for memory. A-0742 Cortico-hippocampal systems involved in memory and emotion Maureen Ritchey 1,2, Andrew P. Yonelinas 1, Charan Ranganath 1 1 University of California, Davis, USA; 2 Boston College, Boston, USA An important principle in cognitive neuroscience is that brain connectivity and function are closely interrelated. I will present evidence that resting- state functional connectivity (FC) can provide insights into the memory functions of cortical and hippocampal regions. In one study, we used FC to identify networks of strongly-connected cortical and hippocampal regions. Using task fMRI, we then demonstrated that regions within the same network made similar contributions to associative memory encoding. In a second study, we focused on FC among amygdala and hippocampal subregions, relating hippocampal involvement in emotional memory encoding to its FC with the amygdala. The results provide support for the idea that there are separable cortico-hippocampal systems involved in memory and its modulation by emotion. A-1005 Episodic memory retrieval benefits from a less modular brain network organization Jesse Rissman, Andrew Westphal University of California, Los Angeles, USA We adopted a graph theoretical approach to examine how the brain network dynamics associated with episodic retrieval might differ from those engaged during other complex cognitive operations. Relative to closely matched tasks of analogical reasoning and visuospatial perception, large- scale fMRI connectivity dynamics during episodic retrieval
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