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I Agus Sujarwanta Suharno Agus Sujarwanta Suharno Zen Jenis-Jenis Bambu dan Potensinya i Hak Cipta pada penulis Hak Penerbitan pada penerbit dilarang memperbanyak/memproduksi sebagian atau seluruhnya dalam bentuk apapun tanpa izin tertulis dari pengarang dan/atau penerbit. Kutipan pasal 72: Sanksi pelanggaran Undang-undang Hak Cipta (UU No. 10 Tahun 2012) 1. Barangsiapa dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak melakukan perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) atau Pasal (49) ayat (1) dipidana dengan pidana penjara masing-masing paling singkat 1 (satu) bulan dan/(atau) denda paling sedikit Rp. 1.000.000,00 (satu juta rupiah), atau pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun dan atau dendan paling banyak Rp. 5.000.000.000,00 (lima milyar rupiah). 2. Barang siapa dengan sengaja menyiarkan, memamerkan, mengedarkan, atau menjual kepada umum suatu ciptaan atau barang hasil pelanggaran Hak Cipta sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1), dipidana dengan pidana paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan/ atau denda paling banyak Rp. 500.000.000,- (lima ratus juta rupiah). ii Jenis-Jenis Bambu dan Potensinya Jenis-Jenis Bambu dan Potensinya iii Penulis Agus Sujarwanta Suharno Zen Desain Cover Team Laduny Creative Lay Out Team Laduny Creative ISBN. 978-623-7829-31-7 14,8 x 21 cm; x + 88 hal Cetakan Pertama, Juli 2020 Dicetak dan diterbitkan oleh: CV. LADUNY ALIFATAMA (Penerbit Laduny) Anggota IKAPI Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara No. 49 Iringmulyo, Metro – Lampung. Telp. 0725 (7855820) - 0811361113 Email: [email protected] iv Jenis-Jenis Bambu dan Potensinya KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan karuniaNya sehingga penulis bisa menyelesaikan penulisan buku yang berjudul : “Jenis-Jenis Bambu Dan Potensinya (Etnobotani Bambu Oleh Masyarakat Lokal Indonesia)”. Buku ini merupakan hasil penelitian hibah Operasional Penelitian Rutin (OPR) Internal tahun 2020 yang didanai oleh Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro. Buku ini berisi tentang tanaman bambu, jenis-jenis bambu yang ditemukan dan pemanfaatannya serta konservasi bambu. Tak lupa penulis ucapkan terimakasih kepada Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak dalam penyusunan buku ini maupun dalam pengambilan data di lapangan. Dalam penyusunan buku ini tentunya tidak luput dari kesalahan baik dari segi teknis penulisan maupun tata bahasanya. Oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun dari pembaca. Semoga buku ini dapat bermanfaat dalam memberi wawasan pengetahuan bagi pembaca sekalian. Aamiin. Metro, Agustus 2020 Penulis Jenis-Jenis Bambu dan Potensinya v DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................ v DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................... vi BAB I TANAMAN BAMBU .................................................... 1 A. Klasifikasi ............................................................... 1 B. Morfologi ................................................................ 2 C. Syarat hidup tanaman bambu ........................ 16 D. Budidaya bambu .................................................. 20 E. Sifat dasar tanaman bambu ............................... 25 BAB II JENIS-JENIS BAMBU ............................................... 28 A. Bambu mayan ........................................................ 29 B. Bambu lemang ........................................................ 31 C. Bambu suling .......................................................... 33 D. Bambu hitam .......................................................... 35 E. Bambu Gombong .................................................. 37 F. Bambu kuning......................................................... 39 G. Bambu apus ............................................................. 42 H. Bambu batu ............................................................. 44 I. Bambu tutul ............................................................. 45 J. Bambu hias .............................................................. 47 K. Bambu betung ........................................................ 49 L. Bambu cangkoreh ................................................. 52 M. Bambu pancing ....................................................... 54 N. Bambu duri .............................................................. 56 BAB III PEMANFAATAN BAMBU ...................................... 61 A. Sebagai lambang perjuangan ............................ 61 B. Sebagai bahan konstruksi bangunan ............. 63 C. Sebagai bahan kerajinan..................................... 64 D. Sebagai bahan instrumen musik ..................... 65 vi Jenis-Jenis Bambu dan Potensinya E. Sebagai bahan mebel (furniture) ..................... 66 F. Sebagai tanaman hias/pagar ............................ 67 G. Sebagai penahan erosi/longsor ....................... 68 H. Sebagai bahan makanan ..................................... 69 I. Sebagai bahan pembungkus makanan ......... 70 J. Sebagai obat ............................................................ 72 K. Sebagai arang bambu ........................................... 73 L. Sebagai ikon/identitas daerah ......................... 74 M. Sebagai sosial budaya, ritual, agama ............ 75 BAB IV KONSERVASI BAMBU ........................................... 78 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................ 83 Jenis-Jenis Bambu dan Potensinya vii DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Akar rimpang .................................................. 4 Gambar 2. Bentuk Rebung............................................... 5 Gambar 3. Buluh .................................................................. 6 Gambar 4. Buku-buku ....................................................... 7 Gambar 5. Percabangan ................................................... 9 Gambar 6. Bentuk percabangan ................................... 9 Gambar 7. Bagian-bagian pelepah buluh .................. 10 Gambar 8. Posisi daun pelepah buluh ....................... 11 Gambar 9. Pelepah buluh dan bulu kejur .................. 12 Gambar 10. Bagian-bagian pelepah daun .................... 13 Gambar 11. Bagian daun bambu. ................................... 13 Gambar 12. Struktur dari spikelet (kiri) dan pseudospikelet (kanan) .............................. 14 Gambar 13. Bambu Mayan (Gigantochloa robusta) . 30 Gambar 14. Bambu Lemang (Schizostachyum brachycladum ................................................. 32 Gambar 15. Bambu Suling (Schizostachyum blumei) 34 Gambar 16. Bambu Hitam Gigantochloa atroviolacea 37 Gambar 17. Bambu Gombong Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea ....................................... 39 Gambar 18. Bambu Kuning Bambusa vulgaris var. striata ........................................................ 41 Gambar 19. Bambu Apus Gigantochloa apus .............. 43 Gambar 20. Bambu Batu (Dendrocalamus strictus ... 45 Gambar 21. Bambu Tutul Bambusa maculate ............ 47 Gambar 22. Bambu Hias Bambusa glaucophylla ....... 49 Gambar 23. Bambu Betung Dendrocalamus asper .... 51 Gambar 24. Bambu Cangkoreh Dinochloa scandens 53 Gambar 25. Bambu Pancing Bambusa multiplex ....... 55 Gambar 26. Bambu Duri Bambusa blumeana ............. 57 Gambar 27. Tugu bambu runcing ................................... 63 viii Jenis-Jenis Bambu dan Potensinya Gambar 28. Bangunan dari bambu ................................ 64 Gambar 29. Kerajinan bambu ........................................... 65 Gambar 30. Alat musik dari bambu................................ 66 Gambar 31. Bahan mebel dari bambu ........................... 67 Gambar 32. Bambu sebagai tanaman pagar/hias. .... 67 Gambar 33. Bambu sebagai penahan erosi/longsor. 69 Gambar 34. Gambar rebung bambu ............................... 70 Gambar 35. Bambu sebagai pembungkus makanan 71 Gambar 36. Bambu sebagai obat.. ................................... 72 Gambar 37. Bambu sebagai arang bambu/charcoal 74 Gambar 38. Bambu sebagai ikon daerah ...................... 75 Gambar 39. Pemanfaatan bambu dalam social budaya, ritual, agama .................................. 77 Gambar 40. Konservasi bambu ........................................ 82 Jenis-Jenis Bambu dan Potensinya ix DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1. Sifat fisis dan mekanis bambu hitam dan bambu apus .................................................. 26 Tabel 2. Nilai sifat fisik dan mekanis bamboo andong (Gigantochloa verticillata), bamboo bitung (Dendrocalamus asper Back.) dan bambu ater (Gigantochloa ater Kurz.) ....... 27 Tabel 3. Sifat kimia bambu ............................................... 27 x Jenis-Jenis Bambu dan Potensinya BAB I TANAMAN BAMBU Bambu tergolong keluarga Gramineae (rumput- rumputan) yang disebut juga Giant Grass (rumput raksasa). Tanaman bambu berupa rumpun dan dapat pula bambu tumbuh sebagai batang soliter atau perdu. Tanaman bambu terdiri dari sejumlah batang (buluh) yang tumbuh secara bertahap, mulai dari rebung hingga bambu yang sudah dewasa. Batang bambu berbentuk silindris, berbuku-buku, beruasruas berongga, berdinding keras, pada setiap buku terdapat mata tunas atau cabang. Tanaman bambu yang tumbuh di Indonesia merupakan tanaman bambu yang simpodial, yaitu batang-batangnya cenderung mengumpul dalam rumpun karena percabangan rhizomenya di dalam tanah cenderung mengumpul. Batang bambu yang lebih tua berada ditengah rumpun, sehingga kurang menguntungkan dalam proses penebangannya. A. Klasifikasi Adapun klasifikasi bambu secara umum (Widjaja, 2001) yaitu : Divisi
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