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Assessing the Performance of Bamboo Structural Components
ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF BAMBOO STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS by Michael J. Richard Bachelor of Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008 Master of Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2009 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Swanson School of Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2013 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SWANSON SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING This dissertation was presented by Michael J. Richard It was defended on June 5, 2013 and approved by Melissa Bilec, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering John Brigham, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Khosrow Ghavami, Ph.D., Full Professor, Civil Engineering, PUC-Rio C. Drew Armstrong, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Architectural Studies Dissertation Director: Kent A. Harries, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering ii Copyright © by Michael J. Richard 2013 iii ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURAL BAMBOO COMPONENTS Michael J. Richard, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2013 Bamboo has been a traditional construction material in many regions for centuries. The rapid growth and maturation rate of bamboo as well as its good strength properties and global accessibility make it a promising non-conventional building material resource. However, due to limited standardization and design criteria, bamboo has often been relegated to non-engineered and marginally-engineered construction. The current study assesses the performance of full-culm structural bamboo components and appropriate standard material and member test methods. A brief overview is given to the motivation for the study of structural bamboo, placing the work in its social context, followed by background on the properties of bamboo and the structural applications of the material as well as the pathway to its further standardization and utilization. -
Bamboo: Green Construction Material
Bamboo: Green Construction Material Case Study Bamboo Bamboo: Green Construction Material New industrial application and modern construction design have both demonstrated bamboo’s huge potential. Key Regulatory Mechanisms putting restrictions on bamboo development. Messages Lack of awareness has been the bottleneck inhibiting bamboo from taking shape in construction. Focusing on modern technology and financial support can expand bamboo market in construction. Strengthening institutions and government scheme can proliferate bamboo use in construction. Case Study Bamboo EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Bamboo belongs to grass family and has been associated with various names such as “poor man’s timber”, “Green Gold”, “Cradle to Coffin” because of its various documented applications. Bamboo is widely recognized as highly renewable, fast growing, economic raw material. Products from bamboo are grouped into industrial use, food products, construction and structural application, wood substitutes and composites, and cottage and handicraft industry. Bamboo is most abundant in India. India has the huge potential for bamboo with 14 million hectares of bamboo forest area. India is the second largest country in terms of bamboo resources. The yield per hectare of bamboo in India is very low compared to China, Taiwan and Japan which contribute about 80% to the world’s bamboo market. In coming years India is expected to face timber shortage in order to meet the housing needs of the increasing population. Moreover, the increased dependency on conventional materials is held responsible for degradation of environment. Both the reasons have led to give a thought on the use of bamboo as a substitute for wood and steel as it is considered as highly renewable and environment friendly material. -
The Journal of the American Bamboo Society
The Journal of the American Bamboo Society Volume 15 BAMBOO SCIENCE & CULTURE The Journal of the American Bamboo Society is published by the American Bamboo Society Copyright 2001 ISSN 0197– 3789 Bamboo Science and Culture: The Journal of the American Bamboo Society is the continuation of The Journal of the American Bamboo Society President of the Society Board of Directors Susanne Lucas James Baggett Michael Bartholomew Vice President Norman Bezona Gib Cooper Kinder Chambers Gib Cooper Treasurer Gerald Guala Sue Turtle Erika Harris Secretary David King George Shor Ximena Londono Susanne Lucas Membership Gerry Morris Michael Bartholomew George Shor Mary Ann Silverman Membership Information Membership in the American Bamboo Society and one ABS chapter is for the calendar year and includes a subscription to the bimonthly Newsletter and annual Journal. Membership categories with annual fees: Individual (includes the ABS and one local chapter) US$35, National membership only US$30, National membership from outside the U.S.A. (Does not include chapter membership.) US$35 Commercial membership. US$100.00 additional local chapter memberships US$12.50. Send applications to: Michael Bartholomew ABS Membership 750 Krumkill Road Albany, NY 12203-5976 Cover Photo: Ochlandra scriptoria by K.C. Koshy. See the accompanying article in this issue. Bamboo Science and Culture: The Journal of the American Bamboo Society 15(1): 1-7 © Copyright 2001 by the American Bamboo Society Reproductive biology of Ochlandra scriptoria, an endemic reed bamboo of the Western Ghats, India K. C. Koshy and D. Harikumar Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram – 655 562, Kerala, India. -
Bamboo: an Alternative Building Material for Urban Ethiopia
BAMBOO: AN ALTERNATIVE BUILDING MATERIAL FOR URBAN ETHIOPIA A Project Report Presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Architecture by Bewketu Z. Kassa April 2009 © 2009 Bewketu Z. Kassa ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: Bamboo: An Alternative Building Material for Urban Ethiopia AUTHER: Bewketu Z. Kassa DATE SUBMITTED: April 2009 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Arthur J. Chapman, Professor Architecture Department COMMITTEE MEMBER: Jens G. Pohl, PhD, Professor Graduate Coordinator Architecture Department COMMITTEE MEMBER: Howard Weisenthal, Professor Architecture Department COMMITTEE MEMBER: Jacob Feldman, Professor Architectural Engineering Department iii ABSTRACT Bamboo: An Alternative Building Material For Urban Ethiopia Bewketu Z. Kassa This project explores the potential of bamboo as an alternative building material for low cost housing units suitable for urban Ethiopia. The rational for the application of bamboo comes from its abundance throughout the country, and its proven physical properties that equate it to other building material like timber, steel and concrete. The proposed bamboo based design solution concentrates on simplification of construction methods, prefabrication of structural components and vertical densification of housing units, addressing the lack of skilled labor, cost of construction time and urban land respectively. An understanding of the design solution was established by constructing a full-scale section prototype and performing laboratory tests on key structural components. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to extend a special thank you to my Committee Chair Professor Art Chapman and Committee Members Dr. Jens Pohl, Professor Howard Weisenthal, Professor Jake Feldman for providing their valuable guidance throughout my project and graduate studies. -
American Bamboo Society
$5.00 AMERICAN BAMBOO SOCIETY Bamboo Species Source List No. 34 Spring 2014 This is the thirty-fourth year that the American Bamboo Several existing cultivar names are not fully in accord with Society (ABS) has compiled a Source List of bamboo plants requirements for naming cultivars. In the interests of and products. The List includes more than 510 kinds nomenclature stability, conflicts such as these are overlooked (species, subspecies, varieties, and cultivars) of bamboo to allow continued use of familiar names rather than the available in the US and Canada, and many bamboo-related creation of new ones. The Source List editors reserve the products. right to continue recognizing widely used names that may not be fully in accord with the International Code of The ABS produces the Source List as a public service. It is Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) and to published on the ABS website: www.Bamboo.org . Copies are recognize identical cultivar names in different species of the sent to all ABS members and can also be ordered from ABS same genus as long as the species is stated. for $5.00 postpaid. Some ABS chapters and listed vendors also sell the Source List. Please see page 3 for ordering Many new bamboo cultivars still require naming, description, information and pages 50 and following for more information and formal publication. Growers with new cultivars should about the American Bamboo Society, its chapters, and consider publishing articles in the ABS magazine, membership application. “Bamboo.” Among other requirements, keep in mind that new cultivars must satisfy three criteria: distinctiveness, The vendor sources for plants, products, and services are uniformity, and stability. -
Bamboo As a Building Material
International Journal of Civil Engineering Research. ISSN 2278-3652 Volume 5, Number 3 (2014), pp. 249-254 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijcer.htm Bamboo as a Building Material P. Sharma1, K. Dhanwantri2 and S. Mehta3 1,2,3Amity School of Architecture and Planning, Amity University Haryana Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. Abstract Bamboo is a renewable and versatile resource, characterized by high strength and low weight, and is easily worked using simple tools. It is widely recognized as one of the most important non-timber forest resources due to the high socio-economic benefits from bamboo based products. Bamboo is the world’s fastest growing woody plant. Bamboo grows three times faster than most other species. Housing is one of the priority items and sensing the current shortage of the dwelling units, the present administrative leaders around the world find tough to hit upon a solution for. Apart from the other substances already in practice, bamboo appears to be the most promising material. Bamboo building construction is characterized by a structural frame approach similar to that applied in traditional timber frame design and construction. In this case, the floor, the wall, the roof elements are all interconnected and often one dependent on the other for overall stability. The use of bamboo for foundation is rather restricted. This is mainly due to the fact that like timber when in contact with damp ground, they deteriorate and decay very quickly unless treated with some very effective preservatives. The most extensive use of bamboo in construction is for the walls and partitions. -
Forestry Department ON
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2005 INDIA COUNTRY REPORT ON BAMBOO RESOURCES NEW DELHI, MAY 2005 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 Working Paper 118 1 Rome, 2006 FRA WP 118 Country Report on Bamboo Resources India TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL GUIDELINES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 GENERAL INFORMATION ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 1 TABLE T1 – EXTENT OF BAMBOO FORESTS----------------------------------------- 3 1.1 GBRA 2005 CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.2 NATIONAL DATA ON BAMBOO RESOURCES -------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.2.1 Data sources ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 1.2.2 Classification and definitions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 1.2.3 Original data------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 1.3 DATA FOR NATIONAL REPORTING TABLE T1------------------------------------------------------ 3 1.4 COMMENTS TO NATIONAL REPORTING TABLE T1 ------------------------------------------------ 3 2 TABLE T2 – OWNERSHIP OF BAMBOO FORESTS ---------------------------------- 3 2.1 GBRA 2005 CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS------------------------------------------------------- -
Pi-Aa6- 745" 12
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ONLY WASHINGTON 0. C. 20523& BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET _ A. PIOAASR'f 1. URjECT Science and technology TCOO-0000-0000 CL ASSI- FICATION * (IfAv I Applications 2. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Bamboo as a building material 3. AUTIfOR(S) McClure,F.A. 4. DOCUMNT DATE 5. NUMBER OF PAGES I). ARC NUMBER 1953 55p._ s7 ARC 7. REFERENCE ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS AID/TA/OST S. SUPPLEMENTARY NOT ES (Sponsoring Organizatlon, Publishers, A vailabllily) 9. ABSTRACT 10. CONTROL NUMBER I1. PRICE OF DOCUMENT PI-AA6- 745" 12. DESIPTORS 13. PROJECT NUMBER Bamboo Construction materials 14. CONTRACT NUMBER AID/TA/OST 15. TYPE OF DOCUMENT AID 590-1 (4-74) BAMBOO AS A BUILDING MATERIAL by F. A. McClure formerly Field Service Consultant Foreign Agricultural Service presently Research Associate in Botany Smithsonian Institution Reprinted by the Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of International Affairs with the permission of Foreign Agricultural Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C. May 1953 Reprinted July, 1963 Reprinted June, 1967 R eprinted June 1972 FOR EWORD This publication was originally prepared and published at the request of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) by the U.S. Department of Agriculture under the Point Four Program for the use of those actively engaged or interested in the development or improvement of the use of bamboo. It is not an exhaustive treatment of the subject; but it does present critical features and principles. J. Robert Dodge, formerly of the HUD staff and Harold R. Hay and Stephen Arneson former IIUD staff members supplied information and suggestions that contributed to the development of the subj&ct. -
Bamboo Structures for Modern Sustainable Architecture
ISVS e-journal, Vol. 7, no.3, July, 2020 Bamboo Structures for Modern Sustainable Architecture Solanilla Medina Yor Maikol1, Shuvalov Vasily Maksimovich1, Bykova Galina Ivanovna1 and Sultanova Ainur2 1Department of Architecture, Academy of Engineering, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia 2Department of Rural Architecture, Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy), Moscow, Russia Email: [email protected] Abstract Bamboo is an old and traditional building material throughout the world’s tropical and sub-tropical regions. Considered a renewable and versatile resource, bamboo has gained popularity over the years. Although not many architects use it as the main construction material in bearing structures, it is frequently highlighted in research. New technologies combined with innovated traditional techniques enable its use in structural applications in regions with a hot-humid climate. All this significant development is not only because of engineering advances, but also reckoning the capabilities of bamboo. Many specialists are developing new technologies, some of which are already used in construction. Bamboo fibers are longer and more flexible than wood, so they are often used in the construction of earthquake-resistant buildings. Innovations in the field of bamboo constructions allow us to expand the capabilities of this natural material, making it more stable in structures with large spans. This paper presents the case for promoting bamboo structures in the modern world. The paper uses the following research methods; study of literary and online sources, abstraction, analysis and comparison. It argues that in the 21st century, bamboo structures are becoming more in demand due to the increasing environmental problems in the cities. Natural origin, rapid production, construction and recycling of bamboo structures are very good reasons for promoting bamboo as a versatile material. -
Status of Bamboo in India
International Journal of Economic Plants 2019, 6(1):030-039 Review Article Doi: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.23910/IJEP/2019.6.1.0288 Status of Bamboo in India Salil Tewari1*, Harshita Negi1 and R. Kaushal2 1Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand (263 145), India 2ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, Uttrakhand (248 195), India Corresponding Author Article History Salil Tewari Article ID: IJEP0288 e-mail: [email protected] Received in 15th February, 2019 Received in revised form 21st February, 2019 Accepted in final form 24th February, 2019 Abstract Bamboos are very important forest resources found in the forest as well as the non-forest area in the country. The total bamboo bearing area of India is estimated to be 15.69 million hectares. Endemism in Indian bamboos is of a very high order. The maximum concentration of species is found in the deciduous and semi-evergreen regions of North-east and the tropical moist deciduous forests of North and South India. The North-eastern hilly States of India harbor nearly 90 species of bamboos, 41 of which are endemic to that region. There are 3 large genera (Bambusa, Dendrocalamus, and Ochlandra) of bamboos in India with more than 10 species each. Together, these three genera represent about 45% of the total bamboo species found in India. On the other hand, there are some genera which are represented by only one species each e.g. Ampelocalamus, Sarocalamus, Chimonobambusa, Pseudostachyum and Stapletonia. Bamboos in India show a great diversity in both their habitat and habit of growth. -
Aerides Odorata
Research Collection Report Improving livelihoods through market assessment and sustainable development of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in two selected villages in the northern uplands of Vietnam Author(s): Hilfiker, Karin Publication Date: 2005 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004999400 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Zurich, 28 February 2005 Internship report Improving livelihoods through market assessment and sustainable development of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in two selected villages in the northern uplands of Vietnam. Karin Hilfiker Dipl. Forest Engineer ETH Zurich, Switzerland January 2004 – February 2005 Author: Karin Hilfiker, Dipl. Forest Engineer ETH Zurich, Switzerland Assistant cum interpreter: Nguyen Trung Thong, Forester Xuan Mai University, Vietnam Internship tutor: Ruedi Lüthi, Technical Advisor of Extension and Training Support Project (ETSP) in Hanoi, Vietnam Scientific support: Dr. phil. Claudia Zingerli, Chair of Forest Policy and Forest Economics, Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Dr. sc. nat. Jean-Pierre Sorg, Chair of Silviculture, Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Implementation and funding: HELVETAS Switzerland, Zurich mandated by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Berne Helvetas Vietnam – Swiss Association for International Cooperation ETSP – Extension and Training Support Project for Forestry and Agriculture in the Uplands 218 Doi Can Street, GPO Box 81, Hanoi, Vietnam; phone: +84 4 832 98 33, fax: +84 4 832 98 34 e-mail: [email protected] web site ETSP: http://www.etsp.org.vn, web site Helvetas Vietnam: http://www.helvetas.org.vn i Table of contents Summary................................................................................................................................. -
ECHO's Catalogue and Compendium of Warm Climate Fruits
ECHO's Catalogue and Compendium of Warm Climate Fruits Featuring both common and hard-to-find fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and bamboo for Southwest Florida ECHO's Catalogue and Compendium of Warm Climate Fruits Featuring both common and hard-to-find fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices and bamboo for Southwest Florida D. Blank, A. Boss, R. Cohen and T. Watkins, Editors Contributing Authors: Dr. Martin Price, Daniel P. Blank, Cory Thede, Peggy Boshart, Hiedi Hans Peterson Artwork by Christi Sobel This catalogue and compendium are the result of the cumulative experi- ence and knowledge of dedicated ECHO staff members, interns and vol- unteers. Contained in this document, in a practical and straight-forward style, are the insights, observations, and recommendations from ECHO’s 25 year history as an authority on tropical and subtropical fruit in South- west Florida. Our desire is that this document will inspire greater enthusi- asm and appreciation for growing and enjoying the wonderful diversity of warm climate fruits. We hope you enjoy this new edition of our catalogue and wish you many successes with tropical fruits! Also available online at: www.echonet.org ECHO’s Tropical Fruit Nursery Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization 17391 Durrance Rd. North Fort Myers, FL 33917 (239) 567-1900 FAX (239) 543-5317 Email: [email protected] This material is copyrighted 1992. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited. Revised May 1996, Sept 1998, May 2002 and March 2007. Fruiting Trees, Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants Table of Contents 1. Fruiting Trees, Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants 2 2. Trees for the Enthusiast 34 3.