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Software Quality Software Quality Dr. Michael Eichberg Software Engineering Department of Computer Science Technische Universität Darmstadt Software Engineering Software Quality Software Quality • Software Quality Factors B. Meyer; Object-oriented software construction; Prentice Hall, 1997 We distinguish between internal and external software quality factors. Software Quality | 3 • The internal quality factors can only be perceived by computer professionals • The external quality factors are ultimately the relevant ones, as they are perceived by the user However, the external quality factors depend on the internal quality factors. We distinguish between internal and external software quality factors. Software Quality - Major External Software Quality Factors | 4 • Correctness The user encompasses all • Robustness stake holders: • Extendibility - the owner, • Reusability - the “end user”, • Compatibility - the administrator, - ... • Efficiency • Portability • Ease of use • Functionality Correctness is the ability of software products to perform their tasks as defined by their specification. Major External Quality Factors | 5 • To achieve correctness a precise requirements definition is needed • Correctness is usually only conditional - we guarantee the correctness of our program on the assumption that the lower layers - upon which our product is built - are correct (E.g. we assume that a processor calculates correctly, that the compiler compiles our program correctly, …) Robustness is the ability of software systems to react appropriately to abnormal conditions. Major External Quality Factors | 6 • Robustness characterizes what happens “outside of the specification” • Robustness complements correctness Extendibility characterizes the ease of adapting software products to changes of the specification. Major External Quality Factors | 7 • Important principles to achieve extendibility: • Design simplicity A simple architecture is easier to adapt. • Decentralization Autonomous modules (modules which have minimal coupling to other modules → Software Engineering Design & Construction) are easier to change. Change is pervasive in software development. Major External Quality Factors | 8 • Reusability is the ability of software elements to serve for the construction of many different applications • Compatibility is the ease of combining software elements with others • Portability characterizes the ease of transferring software products to various hardware and software environments (i.e., porting it from Android to iOS; porting it from Windows to Linux,…) Efficiency is the ability of a software system to place as few demands as possible on hardware resources. Major External Quality Factors | 9 • Resources are the processor time, the space occupied in internal and external memories, the bandwidth used in communication devices, ... … • Always try to use “good” algorithms over “bad” ones, because a computer that is twice as fast as a previous model can handle problem sizes near 2*N if the algorithm’s complexity is O(n). Do ask yourself: If the complexity is O(2n) a computer that is twice as fast can handle problems of size? Do not worry how fast it is unless it is also right! Efficiency nearly always have to be balanced with other goals. Functionality characterizes the extent of possibilities provided by a system. Major External Quality Factors | 10 • Avoid featurism; remain consistent with existing features if you add new ones Ease of Use is the ease with which people of various backgrounds and qualifications can learn to use software products and apply them to solve problems. Major External Quality Factors | 11 IPhoto ‘06 IPhoto ’09 Software Quality • … or the lack thereof. Software failures can be disastrous. Software Failures | 13 • Therac-25 People died due to an overdosis of radiation (1985) • Ariane 5 A system from Ariane 4 was reused but the specification was ignored (1996) • Mars Climate Orbiter There was some confusion about the units (i.e. metric system or english system) that are used (1999). • ... Software failures can be disastrous. Hessen erlebt Desaster mit neuer Schulsoftware von CSCSoftware | Home Failures - News| 14 - Themenüberblick - Business | TecChannel.de 10/12/2007 11:06 AM • hessische Schulsoftware LUSD “just” unusable (2007) • ... Freitag, 12.10.2007 Premium-Login | Newsletter | RSS | Service | Mediadaten | Impressum Suchbegri! hier eingeben in TecChannel.de suchen Sortierung Relevanz Datum Rubriken News Artikel Forum Blog HOME FOKUS WHITEPAPER SICHERHEIT NETZWERK SERVER STORAGE PC+MOBIL KOMMUNIKATION WEBTECHNIK TEST+TECHNIK AKTUELL IM FORUM SERVICE Beratung zu IBM Aktuelle Themen News News-Archiv Newsletter PDF Newsletter PDA-News Webnews RSS Forum Stichwortverzeichnis Blog . Lenovo (Boy2006) THEMENÜBERBLICK / NEWS Weitere News WHITEPAPER-DOWNLOADS: WARNUNG VOR 1&1 Vom 14.09.2007 Eindringlingserkennung auf Web-Servern HORROR / PROBLEME Hessen erlebt Desaster mit neuer E-Mail-Exploits und ihre Gefahren (Dremml) Schulsoftware von CSC Umsetzung des Payment Card Industry Data Security sound & antivir Das Kultusministerium hat eine für 20 Millionen Euro Standard (PCI DSS) symbol fehlen im entwickelte Verwaltungssoftware an den Schulen Bedrohungsmanagement - Internet-Bedrohungen tray (hectorr) installieren lassen, die nicht funktioniert. Die Neuausrichtung der Unternehmenssicherheit im Fokus Outlook-Suche Bereits seit dem vergangenen Schuljahr versuchen rund 2000 hessische Schulen mit der Lookout zum weitere Downloads neuen Schulverwaltungssoftware LUSD (Lehrer- und Schülerdatenbank) zu arbeiten. Bis kostenlosen heute ist sie jedoch unbrauchbar. Entwickelt wurde die Schulsoftware von CSC. Start der Download Konzeption und der Entwicklung war der 1. Juni 2006. Mit der Implementierung in den (Ben.Kramer) Schulen hatte CSC im Oktober 2006 begonnen. Firma für ARTIKEL-PDF / IT-EBOOK WEITERE ERGEBNISSE BEI TECCHANNEL.DE: Patronennachfüllung Diesen Artikel als PDF-Datei (helscha) Zu Ihrer Google-Suchanfrage "hessische Schulsoftware" passende Themen: IT-eBook zusammenstellen Disk Boot Failure. Hessen erlebt Desaster mit neuer Schulsoftware von CSC Aktueller Inhalt: 0 Artikel 0 News Insert System Disk Diese News hinzufügen And Press Enter Weitere Treffer... IT-eBook öffnen (computar) Raid 1 Betriebsystem Frage (computar) LINK SETZEN Leidtragende der fehlerhaften Lösung sind vor allem die Sekretariate. Bislang erreichten RAID 1 Was ist hier mehr als 300 Beschwerden das Kultusministerium. "So viel Kaffee, wie man während del.icio.us digg Folkd defekt der unendlichen Wartezeiten bei der LUSD-Bearbeitung trinken kann, verträgt kein (boy_of_connemar) Mensch", heißt es beispielsweise in einer der Protest-Mails, von denen einige auch bei Mr. Wong Newstube Webnews Steve Ballmer warnt der Landtagsfaktion der Grünen eingingen. Die Schulsekretärinnen monieren, dass "die google Linkarena Red-Hat-Anwender neue LUSD den Schulen unausgereift aufgezwungen" worden sei. "Heute muss man (Moritz Jäger) sich erst anmelden, braucht ewige Zeit und viele Klicks, um das Gewünschte zu Yahoo Yigg bekommen. Mein Gott, in dieser Zeit ist man zehn Mal zum Aktenschrank gelaufen und Studie: Linux- weitere Infos hat sich die entsprechende gute alte Schülerakte oder den nötigen Ordner Rechner steuern herausgezogen!", schimpfte eine Anwenderin. Windows-Botnets (Moritz Jäger) Die Grünen haben eine Stellungnahme vom Kultusministerium eingefordert. "Mit der unausgegorenen neuen Verwaltungssoftware hat Kultusministerin Karin Wolff die Arbeit MEINUNGEN ZUM ARTIKEL an unseren Schulen weit gehend lahmgelegt", kritisierte der bildungspolitische Sprecher Ihre Meinung zu dieser Meldung der Grünen, Mathias Wagner, in Wiesbaden gegenüber dem Hessischen Rundfunk. Die AKTUELL IM BLOG SPD-Fraktion ereiferte sich vor allem über die verfrühte Einführung der Software: "Für uns ist es völlig unverständlich, wie ein solcher Super-GAU passieren kann. 2000 JOBSUCHE FÜR IT-EXPERTEN Irgendwie reichts Schulen mit über 800.000 Schülerinnen und Schülern eignen sich nicht für Experimente", Suchbegriff: jetzt, Apple! empörte sich die schulpolitische Sprecherin der SPD-Landtagsfraktion, Heike CloneDVD brennt Habermann. Informationstechnologie schnell / Grabbing sehr schnell Einsatzregion: Das Ministerium räumte Fehler ein. "Wir verstehen den Unmut der Schulen, auch wir Für Mathe-Geeks: National InternationalOrt oder PLZ: hatten andere Erwartungen an das bestellte Produkt", sagte Ministeriumssprecherin Fibonacci-Folge in Tatjana Schruttke. Jedoch könne ein System für mehr als 50.000 Lehrkräfte und Umkreis: Rocksong 800.000 Schüler nicht ohne erhebliche Kraftanstrengung in die Praxis übertragen 10 km werden. Erst Mitte 2008 rechnet sie mit einem fehlerfreien Betrieb. In einem Schreiben 20x auch mit an alle hessischen Schulen haben die Staatssekretäre Joachim Jacobi Ashampoo Burning (Kultusministerium/CDU) und Harald Lemke (Finanzministerium/parteilos) die Detailsuche Studio / Tevion grundlegende Überarbeitung des Systems angekündigt. "Das von der Entwicklerfirma DVD+R ? CSC gelieferte System entspricht leider noch nicht dem, was Sie und wir an TecChannel Partnerzone ANZEIGE Brennen mit 20fach? Funktionalität und Performance erwarten dürfen", heißt es darin. Für die Landtagsfraktion der Grünen bedeutet die Millioneninvestition in die nicht funktionierende Software eine gigantische Verschwendung von Steuergeldern. Mit 20 Millionen Euro hätten 400 Lehrerinnen und Lehrer ein Jahr beschäftigt werden können, IP Vernetzung rechnet Wagner vor. Das Vertrösten der Schulen auf 2008 sei eine Unverschämtheit. "Die völlig genervten und überarbeiteten
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