Progress Booklet.Cdr

STATUS REPORT OF SACOSAN - IV FOLLOW UP ACTIVITIES

SANITATION PROGRAMME 2012

National Water Supply & Drainage Board Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage PREFACE After the successful completion of the fourth South Asian Conference on Sanitation held in Sri Lanka 2012, the Sri Lankan government has given its enormous contribution to take up all the responsibilities to initiate the

outcome of the SACOSAN IV Colombo Declaration. Apart from that, the government has allocated a special budget line in the annual Parliamentary budget to implement the SACOSAN IV Colombo Declaration Follow up

Activities continuously. The Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage is the leading institute which I strongly believe that Economic growth directed this programme under the guidance of Hon. Dinesh Gunawardena, alone is not beneficial to the people. It must the Minister to the Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage. All these produce wide spread benefits to the people “ implementation activities are being supervised and monitored in the while improving basic needs of the society. WATSAN meeting, which is supposed to be the flat form for water and “Access to – water, sanitation, shelter, electricity, sanitation in Sri Lanka. health and education - is key, to open the doors The National Water Supply & Drainage Board is playing a key role to for a society to enjoy quality basic needs…” implement the agreed activities mentioned in the SACOSAN IV Colombo Declaration with the assistance of Rural Water and Sanitation Section through the respective Regional Support Centers of NWSDB in Sri Lanka His Excellency the President Mahinda Rajapaksa of Sri Lanka This report is compiled providing special attention to the 1st, 2nd and 4th objectives of the SACOSAN IV Colombo Declaration. In addition to that, the present progress of the other commitments of the SACOSAN IV Colombo Declaration too is included in this report. However, the Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage, the National Water Supply & Drainage Board and other sector partners are rendering their services to fulfill the other targets of the SACOSAN IV Follow UP Activities Published by in a fruitful manner. SACOSAN CO-ORDIANTION UNIT Rural Water and Sanitation Section National Water Supply & Drainage Board Galle Road, Ratmalana Tel: +94 11 2605349 Fax: +94 11 2622753 ACKNOWLEDGMENT CONTENTS Our sincere gratitude is granted to the following contributors who 1. Background 1 dedicated their tremendous cooperation for the successful completion of 2. Introduction 5 this sanitation programme. 3. Scope of the Project 6 Ÿ Hon. Dinesh Gunawardene, Minister to the Ministry of Water 4. The Objectives 6 Supply & Drainage. 5. Geographical Area Served 6 Ÿ Hon. Nirupama Rajapaksa, Deputy Minister to the Ministry of Water 6. Activity Plan and Fund Disbursement 8 Supply & Drainage. 7. The Implementation Mechanism 9 Ÿ Mr. A. Abeygunasekara, Secretary, Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage/ 7.1 Beneficiary Identification of The Community 9 The Chairman of the WATSAN. 7.2 Beneficiary Identification of the School 9 Ÿ Mrs. Thranganie Wickramasinghe, Director (Development) and the 7.3 Implementation Methodology of Community 10 staff of the Development Section, Ministry of Water Supply & Sanitation Programme Drainage. 7.4 Implementation Methodology of School Sanitation 11 Ÿ Eng. Karunasena Hettiarachchi, Chairman, National Water Supply & Programme Drainage Board. 8. Social Mobilization 12 Ÿ Eng. B. W. R. Balasuriya, General Manager, National Water Supply & 9. Hygiene Awareness Programme 13 Drainage Board. 10. Monitoring And Evaluation 14 11. Voice Of Beneficiaries 15 Ÿ Eng. K. L. L. Premanath, Former General Manager, National Water Supply & Drainage Board. 12. Lessons Learnt 17 13. Recommendations And Conclusion 18 Ÿ Eng. D. U. Sumanasekara - DGM (NW), Eng. K. J. V. A. Perera - DGM (Eastern), Eng. Duleep Goonewardene - DGM (RWS), Eng. T. W. S. 13.1 Recommendations 18 Perera - DGM (Southern), Eng. I. V. W. Ediriweera - AGM (Corporate 13.2 Conclusion 18 Planning) and A. H. Gunapala - AGM (Community Development) of the Annexure 1: Present Progress of the SACOSAN V NWSDB and District Rural Water and Sanitation Unit’s staff in the Colombo Declaration 20 relevant districts. Ÿ Chairman and the staff of the Pradeshiya Sabhas in the relevant regions, the staff of Zonal Education Office, schools and the students in the respective regions, relevant MOHs and the PHIs in the relevant districts and all School Development Societies and the beneficiaries of the PS areas. ACKNOWLEDGMENT CONTENTS Our sincere gratitude is granted to the following contributors who 1. Background 1 dedicated their tremendous cooperation for the successful completion of 2. Introduction 5 this sanitation programme. 3. Scope of the Project 6 Ÿ Hon. Dinesh Gunawardene, Minister to the Ministry of Water 4. The Objectives 6 Supply & Drainage. 5. Geographical Area Served 6 Ÿ Hon. Nirupama Rajapaksa, Deputy Minister to the Ministry of Water 6. Activity Plan and Fund Disbursement 8 Supply & Drainage. 7. The Implementation Mechanism 9 Ÿ Mr. A. Abeygunasekara, Secretary, Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage/ 7.1 Beneficiary Identification of The Community 9 The Chairman of the WATSAN. 7.2 Beneficiary Identification of the School 9 Ÿ Mrs. Thranganie Wickramasinghe, Director (Development) and the 7.3 Implementation Methodology of Community 10 staff of the Development Section, Ministry of Water Supply & Sanitation Programme Drainage. 7.4 Implementation Methodology of School Sanitation 11 Ÿ Eng. Karunasena Hettiarachchi, Chairman, National Water Supply & Programme Drainage Board. 8. Social Mobilization 12 Ÿ Eng. B. W. R. Balasuriya, General Manager, National Water Supply & 9. Hygiene Awareness Programme 13 Drainage Board. 10. Monitoring And Evaluation 14 11. Voice Of Beneficiaries 15 Ÿ Eng. K. L. L. Premanath, Former General Manager, National Water Supply & Drainage Board. 12. Lessons Learnt 17 13. Recommendations And Conclusion 18 Ÿ Eng. D. U. Sumanasekara - DGM (NW), Eng. K. J. V. A. Perera - DGM (Eastern), Eng. Duleep Goonewardene - DGM (RWS), Eng. T. W. S. 13.1 Recommendations 18 Perera - DGM (Southern), Eng. I. V. W. Ediriweera - AGM (Corporate 13.2 Conclusion 18 Planning) and A. H. Gunapala - AGM (Community Development) of the Annexure 1: Present Progress of the SACOSAN V NWSDB and District Rural Water and Sanitation Unit’s staff in the Colombo Declaration 20 relevant districts. Ÿ Chairman and the staff of the Pradeshiya Sabhas in the relevant regions, the staff of Zonal Education Office, schools and the students in the respective regions, relevant MOHs and the PHIs in the relevant districts and all School Development Societies and the beneficiaries of the PS areas. 1. BACKGROUND

The South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN) is a government led biennial convention held on a rotational basis in each SAARC country providing a platform for interaction on sanitation, enabling learning from the past experiences and setting actions for the future. The major objective of this conference is to accelerate the progress in sanitation and hygiene promotion in South Asia and to enhance quality of people's life. The SACOSAN process is instrumental to generate political wills towards better sanitation in the region.

The South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN) is held in i. Acceleration of the progress of sanitation and hygiene in South order to create awareness on the importance of sanitation among Asia. South Asian countries, similar to AFRICASAN organized by South ii. Enhancing the quality of life of the people. Africa and EASAN organized by fourteen East Asian countries. South iii. Review the progress of the SACOSAN process. Asian countries namely; Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, iv. Sharing experience within the South Asia region. Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka are the participating countries. v. Learning from the best practices that can be replicated in own SACOSAN was held firstly in Bangladesh in 2003, secondly in Pakistan country. in 2006, thirdly in India in 2008 and fourthly in Sri Lanka in 2011. The vi. Influencing policy making process and political will of the South NWSDB was directly responsible for the organizing of the fourth Asian countries. conference held in this country. The principle outcome of the conference was the announcement of The fourth South Asian Conference on Sanitation was held in Colombo Declaration, which was signed by the Ministers from the th th Colombo from 4 - 7 April 2011, under the theme “Sanitation region and given below. Enhances Quality of Life“. Around 320 delegates representing the SAARC region and international agencies comprising representatives Further to this renewal of our commitment we unanimously agree and from Government, UN agencies, development banks, sector INGOS, commit: NGOs, donor agencies and the media representatives from the region, i. In the light of the recent UN resolution recognizing the right to civil society organizations and school children. In parallel to that sanitation, to work progressively to realize this in programmes Ministerial Summit was held on 6th of April 2011 which was attended and projects and eventually in legislation. by six Ministers and parliamentarians and heads of delegates from ii. To develop time-bound plans and to allocate and mobilize eight countries. The major objectives of this international conference resources for delivering on all previous SACOSAN were; commitments.

1 2 1. BACKGROUND

1 2 iii. To design and deliver context-specific equitable and x. To include in monitoring mechanisms specific indicators for inclusive sanitation and hygiene programmes including high priority measures such as WASH in schools, hand washing better identification of the poorest and most marginalized groups and menstrual hygiene. in rural and urban areas, including transparent targeting of xi. To adopt participation, inclusion and social accountability financing to programmes for those who need them most, and mechanisms from planning through to implementation in all taking into account the challenge of protecting the environment sanitation and hygiene programmes at the community level, and responding to emergencies and climate change. particularly for the most marginalized areas and vulnerable iv. To raise the profile of WASH in schools with the objective of groups. ensuring that every new and existing school at every educational xii. To build and strengthen capacity for sanitation and hygiene level has functioning, child-friendly toilets, separate for girls and implementation, including investing in higher education facilities, boys, together with facilities for menstrual hygiene management. development of curricula research and development, and v. To establish one national body with responsibility for knowledge exchange and partnership development. coordinating sanitation and hygiene, involving relevant xiii. Continue to ensure the effectiveness of the SACOSAN stakeholders including, but not limited to, those responsible for process by committing to report specifically against these and all finance, health, public health, environment, water, education, other SACOSAN commitments when we meet again in Nepal in gender and local government at national, sub-national and local two years' time, inviting participation from ministries of levels. finance, health, education and other relevant ministries in vi. To establish specific public sector budget allocations for all future meetings. sanitation and hygiene programs. xiv. To support the monitoring and implementation of the vii. To progressively increase allocations to sanitation and hygiene Delhi Roadmap prepared at SACOSAN III through a country- over time. led process of self reporting and the holding of an annual meeting viii. To recognize the importance of people's own contribution of the Inter-country Working Group formed at SACOSAN I to sanitation and to ensure that policies and programmes which would review progress. empower communities to invest in and control their own SACOSAN IV - The Colombo Declaration has recognized the sanitation solutions while protecting the poor. potential of sanitation to empower communities and to be a powerful ix. To develop harmonized monitoring mechanisms with roles entry point for development. To meet up with the above objective it and responsibilities clearly defined, using agreed common was extensively discussed the need of having special programmes in indicators which measure and report on processes and outcomes regional level with in the South Asia. SACOSAN IV Follow up Activities at every level including households and communities, and which Sanitation Programme was initiated to meet up with the first, third and allow for disaggregated reporting of outcomes for marginalized fourth commitments of the Colombo Declaration. and vulnerable groups.

3 4 iii. To design and deliver context-specific equitable and x. To include in monitoring mechanisms specific indicators for inclusive sanitation and hygiene programmes including high priority measures such as WASH in schools, hand washing better identification of the poorest and most marginalized groups and menstrual hygiene. in rural and urban areas, including transparent targeting of xi. To adopt participation, inclusion and social accountability financing to programmes for those who need them most, and mechanisms from planning through to implementation in all taking into account the challenge of protecting the environment sanitation and hygiene programmes at the community level, and responding to emergencies and climate change. particularly for the most marginalized areas and vulnerable iv. To raise the profile of WASH in schools with the objective of groups. ensuring that every new and existing school at every educational xii. To build and strengthen capacity for sanitation and hygiene level has functioning, child-friendly toilets, separate for girls and implementation, including investing in higher education facilities, boys, together with facilities for menstrual hygiene management. development of curricula research and development, and v. To establish one national body with responsibility for knowledge exchange and partnership development. coordinating sanitation and hygiene, involving relevant xiii. Continue to ensure the effectiveness of the SACOSAN stakeholders including, but not limited to, those responsible for process by committing to report specifically against these and all finance, health, public health, environment, water, education, other SACOSAN commitments when we meet again in Nepal in gender and local government at national, sub-national and local two years' time, inviting participation from ministries of levels. finance, health, education and other relevant ministries in vi. To establish specific public sector budget allocations for all future meetings. sanitation and hygiene programs. xiv. To support the monitoring and implementation of the vii. To progressively increase allocations to sanitation and hygiene Delhi Roadmap prepared at SACOSAN III through a country- over time. led process of self reporting and the holding of an annual meeting viii. To recognize the importance of people's own contribution of the Inter-country Working Group formed at SACOSAN I to sanitation and to ensure that policies and programmes which would review progress. empower communities to invest in and control their own SACOSAN IV - The Colombo Declaration has recognized the sanitation solutions while protecting the poor. potential of sanitation to empower communities and to be a powerful ix. To develop harmonized monitoring mechanisms with roles entry point for development. To meet up with the above objective it and responsibilities clearly defined, using agreed common was extensively discussed the need of having special programmes in indicators which measure and report on processes and outcomes regional level with in the South Asia. SACOSAN IV Follow up Activities at every level including households and communities, and which Sanitation Programme was initiated to meet up with the first, third and allow for disaggregated reporting of outcomes for marginalized fourth commitments of the Colombo Declaration. and vulnerable groups.

3 4 2. INTRODUCTION 3. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

within the family. Hambantota Angunakolapelessa - 22 Weeraketiya 01 28 Children are the main victims of Diarrhea and other faecal-oral Trincomalee Gomarankadawala 01 75 disease, and also the most likely source of Infection. Construction of child friendly toilets and the implementation of effective school Kuchchaveli 01 50 sanitation programmes have a greater effect towards promoting the Batticaloa Vakarai 01 50 demand for sanitation facilities. Total 05 300 Hence, SACOSAN IV Follow-up Activities Sanitation Programme was 4. THE OBJECTIVES especially designed to address some of the objectives of the SACOSAN Colombo Declaration. The Ministry of Water Supply & a. To cover the total sanitation (school and community) of the Drainage in collaboration with the National Water Supply & Drainage selected Pradeshiya Sabha (PS) areas. Board implemented this programme in the selected areas of the b. To aware the community in relation with the good hygiene country. It was considered the several requests for the sanitation practices, health and sanitation. facilities sent from the relevant districts based on their needs of c. To uplift the living standards of community for meeting up with sanitation. The Ministry of Water Supply & their basic needs. Drainage identified those sanitation needs through a need analysis and 5. GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SERVED provided money to the respective districts to implement the sanitation SACOSAN IV Sanitation programme was especially designed to cover programme. the Sanitation and hygiene aspects of the districts depicted in the map of Sri Lanka in 2012.

5 6 2. INTRODUCTION 3. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Sanitation facilities are very helpful to reduce the mal hygienic The main scope of this project is to improve the sanitation facilities practices of people. Basically good hygienic practices prevent the and achieving total sanitation coverage in the selected PS areas and to contamination of human fecal from water and soil and avoid the promote good hygienic practices among people. Apart from that, transmission of fecal - oral diseases. Epidemiological evidence suggests providing sanitation facilities to a selected school of each Pradeshiya that sanitation has a huge impact in preventing diseases with the Sabha (PS) area in respective districts is the other objective of this improvement of water supply. programme. Apart from that, it helps to make major changes in people's behavior further to minimize the household cost. Sanitation is likely to be District PS Area No. of No. of particularly effective in controlling worm infections. Adults often think School Comm unity Toilets Toilets of sanitation in terms of their perceptions. But the safe disposal of children's faeces has got a critical importance to promote sanitation Puttalam Arachchikattuwa 01 75 within the family. Hambantota Angunakolapelessa - 22 Weeraketiya 01 28 Children are the main victims of Diarrhea and other faecal-oral Trincomalee Gomarankadawala 01 75 disease, and also the most likely source of Infection. Construction of child friendly toilets and the implementation of effective school Kuchchaveli 01 50 sanitation programmes have a greater effect towards promoting the Batticaloa Vakarai 01 50 demand for sanitation facilities. Total 05 300 Hence, SACOSAN IV Follow-up Activities Sanitation Programme was 4. THE OBJECTIVES especially designed to address some of the objectives of the SACOSAN Colombo Declaration. The Ministry of Water Supply & a. To cover the total sanitation (school and community) of the Drainage in collaboration with the National Water Supply & Drainage selected Pradeshiya Sabha (PS) areas. Board implemented this programme in the selected areas of the b. To aware the community in relation with the good hygiene country. It was considered the several requests for the sanitation practices, health and sanitation. facilities sent from the relevant districts based on their needs of c. To uplift the living standards of community for meeting up with sanitation. The Ministry of Water Supply & their basic needs. Drainage identified those sanitation needs through a need analysis and 5. GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SERVED provided money to the respective districts to implement the sanitation SACOSAN IV Sanitation programme was especially designed to cover programme. the Sanitation and hygiene aspects of the districts depicted in the map of Sri Lanka in 2012.

5 6 Sanitation coverage was

poor in Vakarai PS area due Map of Sri Lanka to the effect of the 6. ACTIVITY PLAN AND FUND DISBURSEMENT internalwar and tsunami.

“Lack of latrine facilities One of the main objectives of the SACOSAN - IV is to achieve total caused many diseases to the sanitation by providing toilets. With reference to this theme, it was people. I am sure that proposed to improve the sanitation facilities of the neediest 300 implementation of this households and five schools from selected PS area in Trincomalee, Sanitation project by “ Batticaloa, Hambantota and Puttalam districts where the sanitation assisting of the NWSDB facilities are not up to the standards to achieve the required sanitation a lot to reduce the needs. diseases by increasing the In view of achieving the above goal, GOSL has allocated Rs. 9.0 million practice of the latrine. to the Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage. Mr. J. Jasotharan PHI of Vakarai It was proposed to implement the programme, based on the following initial activity plan and the sub activities mentioned below.

Theme Activity Tentative Budg et (Rs. million) 1. Demonstration Project a. Implementation of pilot 4.8 sanitation project b. School WASH Pr oject 0.8 2. Advocacy a. Local level seminar/ workshop 0.4 b. Prepare a report incorporating 0.3 local level experience and their recommendations 3. Publicity Prepare a final report 0.3 incorporating Sri Lanka's experience, lessons learnt and recommendation to the Government, sector partners as well as to the SACOSAN V 4. Management Office secretarial work and logistics 0.4 Total 7.0

7 8 Sanitation coverage was poor in Vakarai PS area due Map of Sri Lanka to the effect of the 6. ACTIVITY PLAN AND FUND DISBURSEMENT internalwar and tsunami.

7 8 7. THE IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM 7.3 Implementation Methodology of Community Sanitation Programme 7.1 Beneficiary Identification of the Community Step 1 In order to implement this programme, the beneficiary identification of the community was carried out based on the neediest households District RWS Unit was the key implementing agency of this sanitation particularly those who did not use latrines at all and those who were programme. Identification of beneficiaries for this programme was using temporary latrines. Apart from that, their level of income, the based on the available data collected on sanitation facilities of the field environment, living conditions, toilet needs and other relevant aspects surveys carried out by relevant district RWS units with the support of were taken in to consideration, in order for selection of the selected Pradeshiya Sabhas. beneficiaries. In addition to that, available poverty indicators and other The respective public Health Inspector of those PS areas was involved related baseline data were also considered for the beneficiary in selecting the beneficiaries, locations for the toilets, recommending identification. The respective Rural Water Supply (RWS) units of the and certifying the construction activities before releasing the funds. NWSDB in selected districts were responsible to select the Step 2 beneficiaries in collaboration with the Medical Officer of Health Based on the outcome of the participatory survey, the needs analysis (MoH), Public Health Inspectors (PHI), relevant officers attached to and the request made by the communities, the targeted beneficiary local government institutes such as Pradeshiya Sabhas and the relevant families were selected. The major attention was given to the officers of Divisional Secretariats. households particularly those who use temporary latrines. Further, 7.2 Beneficiary Identification of the School mainly considered were the people who were capable enough to The beneficiary identification of the schools too was carried out in a construct the latrines within the sanitation grant of Rs. 18,000.00 proper way to cater for the burning issues of the field of school provided under SACOSAN Programme. sanitation and hygiene. This beneficiary identification was done by the Step 3 respective RWS Sections of the NWSDB with the help of the zonal After the selection of beneficiaries in the community, the NWSDB education office, MOH office, PHIs with the authorization of was able to release the required funds to each regions based on the Pradeshiya Sabhas. sanitation proposals forwarded by the relevant RWS units. The available data in relation to the sanitation and the sanitation Step 4 requests from the schools were mainly taken in to account for beneficiary identification. During the selection of schools highly The sanitation grant of Rs. 18,000.00 was distributed among the considered were the schools which do not have toilets at all. A need beneficiaries by three installments with the close supervision and analysis too was carried out to identify the real beneficiary schools. monitoring of the construction activities. One school from each Pradeshiya Sabha was identified to construct the latrines in selected schools.

9 10 7. THE IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM 7.3 Implementation Methodology of Community Sanitation Programme 7.1 Beneficiary Identification of the Community Step 1 In order to implement this programme, the beneficiary identification of the community was carried out based on the neediest households District RWS Unit was the key implementing agency of this sanitation particularly those who did not use latrines at all and those who were programme. Identification of beneficiaries for this programme was using temporary latrines. Apart from that, their level of income, the based on the available data collected on sanitation facilities of the field environment, living conditions, toilet needs and other relevant aspects surveys carried out by relevant district RWS units with the support of were taken in to consideration, in order for selection of the selected Pradeshiya Sabhas. beneficiaries. In addition to that, available poverty indicators and other The respective public Health Inspector of those PS areas was involved related baseline data were also considered for the beneficiary in selecting the beneficiaries, locations for the toilets, recommending identification. The respective Rural Water Supply (RWS) units of the and certifying the construction activities before releasing the funds. NWSDB in selected districts were responsible to select the Step 2 beneficiaries in collaboration with the Medical Officer of Health Based on the outcome of the participatory survey, the needs analysis (MoH), Public Health Inspectors (PHI), relevant officers attached to and the request made by the communities, the targeted beneficiary local government institutes such as Pradeshiya Sabhas and the relevant families were selected. The major attention was given to the officers of Divisional Secretariats. households particularly those who use temporary latrines. Further, 7.2 Beneficiary Identification of the School mainly considered were the people who were capable enough to The beneficiary identification of the schools too was carried out in a construct the latrines within the sanitation grant of Rs. 18,000.00 proper way to cater for the burning issues of the field of school provided under SACOSAN Programme. sanitation and hygiene. This beneficiary identification was done by the Step 3 respective RWS Sections of the NWSDB with the help of the zonal After the selection of beneficiaries in the community, the NWSDB education office, MOH office, PHIs with the authorization of was able to release the required funds to each regions based on the Pradeshiya Sabhas. sanitation proposals forwarded by the relevant RWS units. The available data in relation to the sanitation and the sanitation Step 4 requests from the schools were mainly taken in to account for beneficiary identification. During the selection of schools highly The sanitation grant of Rs. 18,000.00 was distributed among the considered were the schools which do not have toilets at all. A need beneficiaries by three installments with the close supervision and analysis too was carried out to identify the real beneficiary schools. monitoring of the construction activities. One school from each Pradeshiya Sabha was identified to construct the latrines in selected schools.

9 10 Step 5 Step 5 Parallel to this implementation process, no. of hygiene awareness The sanitation grants released to construct the school latrines were programmes were conducted at PS levels to aware the community on spent with the monitoring and supervision process of respective SDSs best hygiene and health practices. and RWS units. The PHIs of the area too made the field visits to 7.4 Implementation Methodology of School Sanitation observe the construction activities time to time. Programme Step 6 Step 1 Parallel to the construction activities of the school toilets several The respective RWS staff of each districts in collaboration with the hygiene awareness programmes were carried out school level to relevant Pradeshiya Sabha and the zonal education office initiated this aware the students on best hygiene and sanitation practices. school sanitation programme based on the requests for sanitation 8. SOCIAL MOBILIZATION facilities and the available statistical data on sanitation. The selected beneficiaries were linked to implement the toilet The MOH and the relevant PHIs too were involved with the process construction activities through a comprehensive social mobilization of school identification in order to their criteria of selection. process. It was very prominent to see the community was actively Step 2 engaged with the implementation process. Social mobilization process was very much helpful to mobilize the community and the students to With reference to the beneficiary selection, the prior attention was promote the better hygiene and sanitation facilities. Social given to the schools which do not have proper latrines and the schools mobilization process of the community was conducted through the which already made their requests for having toilets. community-based organizations and the community leaders in the Step 3 area. It was allocated Rs. 100,000.00 for each PS area to improve the sanitation facilities in selected five schools. However, for the identification of schools, it was needed to have the approval from the respective Zonal Directors of each PS area. However, the five schools which had got less sanitation facilities were selected based on the needs analysis conducted in the respective areas. Step 4 After selection of the beneficiary schools the NWSDB was initiated to release the required funds to the respective School Development Committees (SDS) based on the sanitation proposals forwarded by the relevant district RWS units.

11 12 Step 5 Step 5 Parallel to this implementation process, no. of hygiene awareness The sanitation grants released to construct the school latrines were programmes were conducted at PS levels to aware the community on spent with the monitoring and supervision process of respective SDSs best hygiene and health practices. and RWS units. The PHIs of the area too made the field visits to 7.4 Implementation Methodology of School Sanitation observe the construction activities time to time. Programme Step 6 Step 1 Parallel to the construction activities of the school toilets several The respective RWS staff of each districts in collaboration with the hygiene awareness programmes were carried out school level to relevant Pradeshiya Sabha and the zonal education office initiated this aware the students on best hygiene and sanitation practices. school sanitation programme based on the requests for sanitation 8. SOCIAL MOBILIZATION facilities and the available statistical data on sanitation. The selected beneficiaries were linked to implement the toilet The MOH and the relevant PHIs too were involved with the process construction activities through a comprehensive social mobilization of school identification in order to their criteria of selection. process. It was very prominent to see the community was actively Step 2 engaged with the implementation process. Social mobilization process was very much helpful to mobilize the community and the students to With reference to the beneficiary selection, the prior attention was promote the better hygiene and sanitation facilities. Social given to the schools which do not have proper latrines and the schools mobilization process of the community was conducted through the which already made their requests for having toilets. community-based organizations and the community leaders in the Step 3 area. It was allocated Rs. 100,000.00 for each PS area to improve the sanitation facilities in selected five schools. However, for the identification of schools, it was needed to have the approval from the respective Zonal Directors of each PS area. However, the five schools which had got less sanitation facilities were selected based on the needs analysis conducted in the respective areas. Step 4 After selection of the beneficiary schools the NWSDB was initiated to release the required funds to the respective School Development Committees (SDS) based on the sanitation proposals forwarded by the relevant district RWS units.

11 12 9. HYGIENE AWARENESS PROGRAMME The staff of Rural Water & Sanitation Section of the NWSDB was the key implementing agency of this sanitation programme in collaboration with the Pradeshiya Sabha and the MOH's office. Prior to implementing this sanitation programme, the identified beneficiaries were mobilized through several awareness programmes carried out in the area. Sociologists and the Community Development Officers attached to the District RWS Units were able to mobilize the community in relation with this sanitation programme. They visited the community and schools very often and organized informal as well as formal community gatherings to aware the beneficiaries. Parallel to this, hygiene awareness programmes were conducted at community level as well as school level to educate the community in good hygiene behavioral practice. The MOH and respective PHI's of the areas were the resource 10. MONITORING AND EVALUATION persons of this hygiene education and awareness creating Monitoring and Evaluation of the programme will be done through programmes. identified mechanisms since the beginning of the programme, during The importance of good hygiene behavioral practices were the implementation process and after the implementation at the end emphasized here in the meetings and workshops carried out for in three ways as follows. community and schools. a. Pre Evaluation - Pre evaluation done before implementation of the programme. b. Continuous Evaluation - Continuous evaluation was carried out while the construction activities and the awareness programmes going on. c. Post Evaluation - Post evaluation was conducted after the completion of the construction activities by the respective RWS units in relevant districts. Monitoring and Evaluation was mainly done by each RWS unit of the NWSDB operating at district level.

13 14 9. HYGIENE AWARENESS PROGRAMME The staff of Rural Water & Sanitation Section of the NWSDB was the key implementing agency of this sanitation programme in collaboration with the Pradeshiya Sabha and the MOH's office. Prior to implementing this sanitation programme, the identified beneficiaries were mobilized through several awareness programmes carried out in the area. Sociologists and the Community Development Officers attached to the District RWS Units were able to mobilize the community in relation with this sanitation programme. They visited the community and schools very often and organized informal as well as formal community gatherings to aware the beneficiaries. Parallel to this, hygiene awareness programmes were conducted at community level as well as school level to educate the community in good hygiene behavioral practice. The MOH and respective PHI's of the areas were the resource 10. MONITORING AND EVALUATION persons of this hygiene education and awareness creating Monitoring and Evaluation of the programme will be done through programmes. identified mechanisms since the beginning of the programme, during The importance of good hygiene behavioral practices were the implementation process and after the implementation at the end emphasized here in the meetings and workshops carried out for in three ways as follows. community and schools. a. Pre Evaluation - Pre evaluation done before implementation of the programme. b. Continuous Evaluation - Continuous evaluation was carried out while the construction activities and the awareness programmes going on. c. Post Evaluation - Post evaluation was conducted after the completion of the construction activities by the respective RWS units in relevant districts. Monitoring and Evaluation was mainly done by each RWS unit of the NWSDB operating at district level.

13 14 “Implementers should have 11. VOICE OF BENEFICIARIES better understanding of our social and economic status before the commencement “We are capable enough to “Possession of improved of sanitation programme…” contribute manually but sanitary toilet enhances difficult to finance towards our self esteem and social our development…” dignity…”

“Sanitation programmes could be well achieved through creating ownership “Equitable allocation of benefits to feelings among us…” our needy people ensuring the transparency causes to minimize challenges against the implementation of rural sanitation programmes…” 15 16 “Implementers should have 11. VOICE OF BENEFICIARIES better understanding of our social and economic status before the commencement “We are capable enough to “Possession of improved of sanitation programme…” contribute manually but sanitary toilet enhances difficult to finance towards our self esteem and social our development…” dignity…”

The SACOSAN IV sanitation programme 2012 was successfully 13.1 Recommendations implemented by the district RWS unit with the support of the It is recommended to utilize the manpower efficiently in the area to respective Pradeshiya Sabhas. Even though the beneficiaries were construct toilets for households. The manpower was very prominent willing to construct their toilets, the bad weather condition was one of aspect which was highly appreciated in this programme. Although, the obstacles for the construction activities. most of community were very poor, they tried their best to utilize Following lessons were learnt during the project implementation their manpower for the success of the programme. process. In the school programme, toilets were constructed by School a. Successful community participation in all stages of project Development Society in a satisfactory way, which helps to teach the planning, design, implementation, management and operation, best sanitation practices among the teachers and the students. with consideration of gender issues. 13.2 Conclusion b. Political commitment during the programme was very effective The following remedial measures can be considered by the policy and appreciated. makers, and other relevant authorities for the implementation of the c. Intersectorial coordination, collaboration and cooperation was future programmes: much benefitted for the process of implementation. a. The estimated amount is to be paid to the beneficiaries; if not, the d. There was enough room for human resource development in all amount for supplying materials will be paid to them. its forms and at all levels. b. Beneficiary identification should be done properly. e. Community empowerment was very prominent during the c. The programme will be carried out with the community programme. participation without interruptions for their usual day-to-day f. Better hygiene awareness programmes promoted the good activities. sanitation facilities in the area. d. The similar programmes should be implemented in the areas g. Improved information management system. where the social issues are highly visible. h. Well developed environment-friendly sanitation programme. e. A linking horizontal network with all the stakeholders and relevant authorities in the policy level. f. Intersectorial networking is to be linked with policy level decision making.

17 18 12. LESSONS LEARNT 13. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

17 18 Annexure 1: Present Progress of the SACOSAN V Colombo Declaration

1. Activity Related to Colombo Declaration: In light of the recent UN resolution School Toilets constructed under recognising the right to sanitation, to work progressively to the SACOSAN funds realise this in programmes and projects and eventually in legislation. To be monitored by: National Coordination Forum Present position: Draft National policy on sanitation has been submitted to the cabinet of Ministers for approval after obtaining views of Health& Local Government sectors. In the directive of the cabinet translation to local language being translate. 2. Activity Related to Colombo Declaration: To develop time-bound plans and to allocate and mobilise resources for delivering on all previous SACOSAN commitments. To be monitored by: My of WS&D annual budget allocation Present position: Progressively Increased the national budget allocations for sanitation to meet universal coverage by 2020. In addition a pilot programme to promote commitment to Colombo Declaration has been included annually. 3. Activity Related to Colombo Declaration: To design and deliver context-specific equitable and inclusive sanitation and hygiene programmes including better identification of the poorest and most marginalised groups in rural and urban areas, including transparent targeting of financing to programmes for those who need them most, and taking into account the challenge of protecting the environment and responding to emergencies and climate change. Community Toilets constructed under To be monitored by: Collaboration of Water and Health sectors the SACOSAN funds established to raise the status of ongoing programmes to meet

19 20 Annexure 1: Present Progress of the SACOSAN V Colombo Declaration

19 20 specific goals. 6. Activity Related to Present position: Donor assistance and regular programmes Colombo Declaration: To establish specific public sector include accelerated development in estates and resettled areas to budget allocations for sanitation and hygiene programs. fill the gap among marginalized communities. WASH vulnerabilities To be monitored by: GOSL / Treasury + My of WS&D included in the district DRR plans prepared jointly by water and Present position: In addition to increased development budget an Disaster Management Ministries. annual allocation was made for follow up of Commitment of 4. Activity Related to Colombo Declaration. This is in a programme implemented by the Colombo Declaration: To raise the profile of WASH in schools NWSDB. with the objective of ensuring that every new and existing school at 7. Activity Related to every educational level has functioning, child-friendly toilets, Colombo Declaration: To progressively increase allocations to separate for girls and boys, with facilities for menstrual hygiene sanitation and hygiene over time. management. To be monitored by: 10 year development plan of the Dept To be monitored by: MOH / MOE UNICEF, WSSCC + NWSDB Planning My of Finance Present position: Ministry of Education Services with technical Present position: The NWSDB has included in their corporate backstopping by NWSDB has launched a well structured school plan funding requirement for achieving universal coverage of health promotion programme to achieve the 2015 target set for sanitation by 2020. school WASH in Education Sector. UNICEF advocacy programme 8. Activity Related to has developed guidelines for inclusion of disability and menstrual Colombo Declaration: To recognise the importance of hygiene in sanitation facilities. people's own contribution to sanitation and to ensure that 5. Activity Related to policies and programmes empower communities to invest in and Colombo Declaration: To establish one national body with control their own sanitation solutions while protecting the poorest. responsibility for coordinating sanitation and hygiene, involving all To be monitored by: Promote through community participation stakeholders including, but not limited to, those responsible for and establishing revolving fund to meet CLTS in rural finance, health, public health, environment, water, education, gender communities and local government at national, sub-national and local levels. Present position: The sanitation revolving fund to assist the To be monitored by: National and Provincial WATSAN meetings communities in rural areas and the engagement of CSOs for are conducted with participation of all stakeholders. promotion of hygiene, CBOs to manage sanitation facilities , Present position: Strengthened already established national schools development society for construction of toilets for schools coordination chaired by the Ministry of WS&D by representing all are in place. government and sector partners. National Water Sanitation Coordination Meeting is held once a month in the My of WS&D.

21 22 specific goals. 6. Activity Related to Present position: Donor assistance and regular programmes Colombo Declaration: To establish specific public sector include accelerated development in estates and resettled areas to budget allocations for sanitation and hygiene programs. fill the gap among marginalized communities. WASH vulnerabilities To be monitored by: GOSL / Treasury + My of WS&D included in the district DRR plans prepared jointly by water and Present position: In addition to increased development budget an Disaster Management Ministries. annual allocation was made for follow up of Commitment of 4. Activity Related to Colombo Declaration. This is in a programme implemented by the Colombo Declaration: To raise the profile of WASH in schools NWSDB. with the objective of ensuring that every new and existing school at 7. Activity Related to every educational level has functioning, child-friendly toilets, Colombo Declaration: To progressively increase allocations to separate for girls and boys, with facilities for menstrual hygiene sanitation and hygiene over time. management. To be monitored by: 10 year development plan of the Dept To be monitored by: MOH / MOE UNICEF, WSSCC + NWSDB Planning My of Finance Present position: Ministry of Education Services with technical Present position: The NWSDB has included in their corporate backstopping by NWSDB has launched a well structured school plan funding requirement for achieving universal coverage of health promotion programme to achieve the 2015 target set for sanitation by 2020. school WASH in Education Sector. UNICEF advocacy programme 8. Activity Related to has developed guidelines for inclusion of disability and menstrual Colombo Declaration: To recognise the importance of hygiene in sanitation facilities. people's own contribution to sanitation and to ensure that 5. Activity Related to policies and programmes empower communities to invest in and Colombo Declaration: To establish one national body with control their own sanitation solutions while protecting the poorest. responsibility for coordinating sanitation and hygiene, involving all To be monitored by: Promote through community participation stakeholders including, but not limited to, those responsible for and establishing revolving fund to meet CLTS in rural finance, health, public health, environment, water, education, gender communities and local government at national, sub-national and local levels. Present position: The sanitation revolving fund to assist the To be monitored by: National and Provincial WATSAN meetings communities in rural areas and the engagement of CSOs for are conducted with participation of all stakeholders. promotion of hygiene, CBOs to manage sanitation facilities , Present position: Strengthened already established national schools development society for construction of toilets for schools coordination chaired by the Ministry of WS&D by representing all are in place. government and sector partners. National Water Sanitation Coordination Meeting is held once a month in the My of WS&D.

21 22 9. Activity Related to Present position: These policies have been incorporated in Colombo Declaration: To develop harmonised monitoring progammes and projects implemented in N&E where majority have mechanisms with roles and responsibilities clearly defined, using been resettled. Participatory planning to ensure mobilizing agreed common indicators which measure and report on processes commitment of the community for sanitation programmes is in and outcomes at every level including households and communities, place. Proper reporting process of the success and lessons learnt and which allow for disaggregated reporting of outcomes for need to be established. marginalised and vulnerable groups. To be monitored by: This aspect has been included in the ICWG 12. Activity Related to TOR to develop a set of common indicators applicable uniformly to Colombo Declaration: To build and strengthen capacity for the region. This would enable formalizing a country level reporting sanitation and hygiene implementation, including investing in higher system and evaluate the impact of SACOSAN process education facilities, development of curricula, research and Present position: Has been formulated by ICWG in Nepal development, and knowledge exchange and partnership November 2012 and member countries have agreed on three main development. indicators for reduction of open defecation, school sanitation and To be monitored by: RWS - NWSDB universal coverage. Present position: This has to be taken up at the NSC and engage with relevant parties in the higher education sector and 10. Activity Related to implementing partners to incorporate the proposed action under Colombo Declaration: To include in monitoring mechanisms the resolution. A proposal to establish a regional higher institution specific indicators for high priority measures such as WASH similar to AIT/IHE has been include in the SAARC framework for in schools, hand washing and menstrual hygiene. sanitation To be monitored by: MOH / MOE UNICEF, WSSCC + NWSDB Present position: With the Global Hand Washing day annual 13. Activity Related to Colombo Declaration: Continue to ensure the effectiveness of programmes are implemented and monitor through specific the SACOSAN process by committing to report specifically against indicators with UNICEF assistance. these and all other SACOSAN commitments when we meet again 11. Activity Related to in Nepal in two years' time, inviting participation from Colombo Declaration: To adopt participation, inclusion and ministries of finance, health, education and other relevant social accountability mechanisms from planning through to ministries in all future meetings. implementation in all sanitation and hygiene programmes at the To be monitored by: ICWG commitment with specific TOR for community level, particularly for the most marginalised areas and inviting attention of Government in the SAARC region through vulnerable groups. country focal points To be monitored by: RWS - NWSDB Present position: For SACON V regional CFP and international

23 24 9. Activity Related to Present position: These policies have been incorporated in Colombo Declaration: To develop harmonised monitoring progammes and projects implemented in N&E where majority have mechanisms with roles and responsibilities clearly defined, using been resettled. Participatory planning to ensure mobilizing agreed common indicators which measure and report on processes commitment of the community for sanitation programmes is in and outcomes at every level including households and communities, place. Proper reporting process of the success and lessons learnt and which allow for disaggregated reporting of outcomes for need to be established. marginalised and vulnerable groups. To be monitored by: This aspect has been included in the ICWG 12. Activity Related to TOR to develop a set of common indicators applicable uniformly to Colombo Declaration: To build and strengthen capacity for the region. This would enable formalizing a country level reporting sanitation and hygiene implementation, including investing in higher system and evaluate the impact of SACOSAN process education facilities, development of curricula, research and Present position: Has been formulated by ICWG in Nepal development, and knowledge exchange and partnership November 2012 and member countries have agreed on three main development. indicators for reduction of open defecation, school sanitation and To be monitored by: RWS - NWSDB universal coverage. Present position: This has to be taken up at the NSC and engage with relevant parties in the higher education sector and 10. Activity Related to implementing partners to incorporate the proposed action under Colombo Declaration: To include in monitoring mechanisms the resolution. A proposal to establish a regional higher institution specific indicators for high priority measures such as WASH similar to AIT/IHE has been include in the SAARC framework for in schools, hand washing and menstrual hygiene. sanitation To be monitored by: MOH / MOE UNICEF, WSSCC + NWSDB Present position: With the Global Hand Washing day annual 13. Activity Related to Colombo Declaration: Continue to ensure the effectiveness of programmes are implemented and monitor through specific the SACOSAN process by committing to report specifically against indicators with UNICEF assistance. these and all other SACOSAN commitments when we meet again 11. Activity Related to in Nepal in two years' time, inviting participation from Colombo Declaration: To adopt participation, inclusion and ministries of finance, health, education and other relevant social accountability mechanisms from planning through to ministries in all future meetings. implementation in all sanitation and hygiene programmes at the To be monitored by: ICWG commitment with specific TOR for community level, particularly for the most marginalised areas and inviting attention of Government in the SAARC region through vulnerable groups. country focal points To be monitored by: RWS - NWSDB Present position: For SACON V regional CFP and international

23 24 “Sanitation enhances agencies are agencies are engaged in dialogue on formulation and participation of the SACOSAN V conference to include these the quality of life” aspects. Adoption of a TOR for ICWG and establish collaborative partnerships lead by Country Focal Points to follow up on SACOSAN Commitments.

14. Activity Related to Colombo Declaration: To support the monitoring and implementation of the Delhi Roadmap prepared at SACOSAN III through a country-led process of self reporting and the holding of an annual meeting of the Inter-country Working Group formed at SACOSAN I which would review progress. To be monitored by: ICWG and Coordination among country FPs and country paper format Present position: SACOSAN process has agreed reporting the achievement under previous SACOSANs in the respective country paper.

ABBREVIATIONS Directed by: Development Division, Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage GOSL : Government of Sri Lanka Guidance by: MOH : Medical Officer of Health Rural Water & Sanitation Section MWSD : Ministry of Water Supply & Drainage National Water Supply & Drainage Board NWSDB : National Water Supply & Drainage Board Edited by: PHI : Public Health Inspector Mrs. Saumya Niroshanie Jayasooriya PS : Pradeshiya Sabha Sociologist (RWS), NWSDB

RWS : Rural Water & Sanitation Corporated by: SDS : School Development Society Mr. Nadun Udesh Wickramanayake WATSAN : Water and Sanitation Engineer (Hambantota), NWSDB Ms. Rupawathana Analingam Sociologist (Trincomalee), NWSDB Mr. Ishaq Pahurdeen Sociologist (Ampara), NWSDB

Artwork Design by: Mr. Aravinda Nath 25 System Operator (RWS), NWSDB “Sanitation enhances agencies are agencies are engaged in dialogue on formulation and participation of the SACOSAN V conference to include these the quality of life” aspects. Adoption of a TOR for ICWG and establish collaborative partnerships lead by Country Focal Points to follow up on SACOSAN Commitments.

Artwork Design by: Mr. Aravinda Nath 25 System Operator (RWS), NWSDB Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage 35, 'Lak Diya Medura' , Sunil Mawatha Pelawatta, Battaramulla Sri Lanka Telephone: +94 11 2177222, +94 11 2820851 Fax: +94 11 2177223, +94 11 2768520 Email: [email protected]

National Water Supply & Drainage Board Galle Road, Ratmalana Tel: +94 11 2638999, +94 11 2611589 Fax: +94 11 2636449 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.waterboard.lk

SACOSAN CO-ORDINATION UNIT Rural Water and Sanitation Section National Water Supply & Drainage Board Galle Road, Ratmalana Tel: +94 777 680686, +94 11 2605349 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.nwsdbrws.org

Sponsor: Plan Sri Lanka October 2013 AraShArt